How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: video and written instructions. Plastering walls with your own hands - secrets of professionals and step-by-step technology for applying the solution. How best to plaster walls

All the mixtures described above belong to the series thin layer plasters. Despite all their wonderful qualities, people more often use cement and gypsum plasters. You can buy them ready-made or knead them yourself at home.

Cement-sand mortar is the most affordable. But the most important advantage of the cement mixture is its high strength. This plaster is used to level any surface, even with large defects. To the minus cement mortar refers to weak plasticity.

In this case, a plasticizer is mixed into the finished plaster. And the solution must be used within 40-60 minutes after its preparation.

Lime plaster has several subtypes. All of them are endowed with good plasticity, but are seriously inferior to cement mixtures in terms of strength.

Gypsum plaster has many advantages that make it easy to work with. The material, which is based on gypsum, is very plastic, so it is convenient to process the surface with it. The solution has the ability to harden quickly, so it must be prepared in small batches and used immediately. Using this mixture you can create a perfectly smooth wall.

Tools for work

• Container for mixing the mixture;
• Profile for installing beacons;
• Trowel;
• Iron spatula;
• Grater and grater;
• Putty knife;
• Rules;
• Plumb and level;

After we have prepared everything necessary tools, you can start working. Before plastering the wall, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work in the room. In order not to cause any damage to the furniture and objects in the room, you need to do some operations. Take out small things, and place pieces of furniture in the middle of the room and cover them with cloth or film.

Surface preparation

First of all, you need to clean the walls of the old coating. If it is wallpaper, then it needs to be wetted with water and then removed. Particularly difficult parts are removed using sharp tools. Paint or old plaster must also be removed. Otherwise, a fresh layer of mortar may either not adhere to such a surface or will move away from the wall over time.

To test the old layer for strength, tap it with some heavy object. If a ringing sound is heard, then this part of the wall needs to be cleaned. If the sound is dull, a section of the surface can be left, since here the plaster is held tightly.

All cracks must be opened with a knife or hatchet, and large chips must be processed using a grinder. After this, all the cracks and gaps in the wall are filled with plaster mixture, and in some cases also sealed with a special mesh.

It is worth noting that plaster various surfaces must have individual characteristics. For example, to cover walls made of stone, brick or concrete with cement plaster, you first need to make a beating. It is done using an ax or chisel. Moreover, the depth of the recesses should be about 1 cm. This allows the solution to reliably adhere to the surface.

Proper plastering of wooden walls also has its own characteristics. Before you start applying plaster mixture on a wooden surface, shingles are applied to it in the shape of a mesh. Some builders use a special metal mesh for this purpose.

Primer

After carrying out the above work, the area must be thoroughly cleaned of all kinds of dirt. Experts recommend priming the surface before plastering. This important stage Some masters sometimes skip preparation, using just water.

However, the primer can be absorbed deeply into the material on which the mixture will be applied. At the same time, it significantly increases the ability of the solution to adhere to the surface, and also protects it from moisture penetration. Today on the market you can find a primer for any type of material. There is an antiseptic impregnation for wooden surfaces.

Installation of beacons

After priming, some surfaces that do not have strong flaws can begin to be plastered. However, there are walls with obvious deviations. In this case, you need to install beacons. Experts advise not to neglect this process. Otherwise, some problems may arise.

A lighthouse is a device that makes it possible to create flat surface. There are several types of beacons: wooden slats, metallic profile, use of the solution itself, etc. Beginners are not advised to use wooden slats. Despite the low cost of slats, working with them requires experience. Otherwise, they will not produce good quality.

The metal beacon is used only once. Once removed from the wall, it becomes unsuitable for further use. However, the work is done quickly and efficiently using this profile.

Professionals recommend that private owners who make repairs themselves must use beacons. This plastering method is especially suitable for treating small areas. In this case, the quality of work will be guaranteed to you.

Plastering process

Plaster is applied to the surface in at least 3 layers sequentially.

1st layer - spray

2nd layer - primer.

3rd layer - covering.

If you use a ready-made mixture, be sure to first read the instructions on how to properly lay the plaster. Apply the first layer of mortar to the wall using a trowel. Try to move your hand sharply, then the mixture will successfully stick to the surface and not scatter to the sides.

Apply the second layer (primer) to the wall using a wide spatula. This layer is carried out 1-3 times, depending on required thickness. So, a surface made of a porous material must be primed twice. The plaster is leveled according to the beacons using the rule. We do not allow the primer to dry completely, and immediately apply the third layer - the covering.

Now you can remove the beacons and begin finishing the walls - grouting. This part of the work is done with a grater (sponge or felt). Please note that gypsum plaster must be smoothed no later than 3 hours after it has been applied.

Painting of the surface begins after 14 days in the case of gypsum plaster. But cement-lime plaster can be painted only after one month.

Evgeniy Sedov

When hands grow out the right place, life is more fun :)

Content

This question is pondered by everyone who decides to start self-repair apartment, house or other premises. Plastering helps level the surfaces of partitions, walls or other planes, making them perfectly smooth. How can I use the mixture to eliminate visible defects on a plane?

The best way to plaster walls

Before leveling the surface, you should know how to properly plaster walls and what types of plaster there are:

1. Ordinary. It is used to level the working surface so that a thin layer of decorative coating can be applied to it. Ordinary plaster protects external walls from the harmful effects of the environment.
2. Special. Designed to improve the heat and sound insulation of a room. This kind of mixture creates a shielding layer on the surface, which protects against x-rays, etc.
3. Decorative. Serves as a finishing touch and increases the aesthetic expressiveness of the structure.

The following mixtures are often used for plastering walls:

1. Lime-sand mortar. Recommended for interior finishing, due to the fact that its consistency is less durable, unlike cement-sand mortar. The advantage of this mixture is its environmental friendliness and ease of use.
2. Cement-sand mortar. Can be used to level internal and external surfaces. The composition at a relatively low cost can change your brick garage or serve as a base for bathroom tiles. When working with such plaster, it is possible to correct significant wall defects. If the solution was properly prepared and applied to the wall, the street covering will last for many years.
3. Gypsum mixture. Suitable for interior decoration. The use of selenite and alabaster guarantees an absolutely smooth surface. The process of finishing with gypsum mixture is quick and simple. The disadvantage of the coating is its high price and instability against moisture.
4. Magnesium mixture. It is an additional component in the preparation of specialized plaster, with the help of which finishing work is carried out indoors.

Wall plastering technology

The person performing renovation work, you need to know how to properly apply plaster to walls. Then you can determine the tools needed for the job:

1. Plastering spatula - main equipment finishing works, which you can’t do without. Thanks to it, the process of dosing raw materials, mixing, pouring, and leveling the solution is carried out.
2. Liter bucket. Necessary for dosing the finishing material and carefully applying the mixture.
3. Half graters. There are various sizes and are intended for leveling finished surface and grouting the last layer.
4. Beacons are rule strips with the help of which the level of application of the solution to the surface is determined.

If you have all the tools necessary for finishing, then you can proceed to direct leveling. To do this, you need to know how to plaster walls with your own hands. The process involves:

• Cleansing, moisturizing and thoroughly preparing the walls. If the covering is brick, then the seams should be cleared, the depth of which will be at least one centimeter. On wooden and cinder concrete walls it is necessary to apply frequent notches or tighten reinforced mesh with a cell diameter of no more than five centimeters. It is better to paint the mesh so that it is not damaged by corrosion.
• Placing the husks on a previously prepared surface. That is, mortar marks are applied in the corners, which are equal to the thickness of the required layer of plaster mass. Beacons are attached to these places and the solution is poured into the cavity between the marker and the wall in three layers: the first is sprayed with a liquid mixture of five millimeters, the second is soil, which is the most thick layer(thicker than spray), third - a two-millimeter covering is applied to the soil, which has already hardened, and then leveled.
• Plastering the main wall in three stages. Beacons are placed on it, and then a solution is thrown on it.
• Grout. The applied composition is rubbed using trowels with intense circular movements, and the remaining raised depressions are filled with fresh plaster.

How to level walls with plaster

The plaster is wonderful finishing material which contributes perfect alignment. How to plaster walls correctly? To do this you need:

1. Remove the finishing in the form of wallpaper, the top layer of plaster that was previously on the surface. Try to rid the walls (brick, etc.) of cracks, chips, voids.
2. Apply the correct coat of primer to ensure the new plaster adheres perfectly.
3. Measure the curvature of the surface before directly installing the pendulums. Apply a level to it and calculate the difference between the top and bottom points. The site should be chosen at least one and a half meters in order to establish accurate curvature indicators. If the difference is less than a centimeter, then leveling can be done with putty, but noticeable differences require plaster.
4. Fix the beacons using alabaster in a vertical position along the entire length on the upper drops. We pull the thread onto the profile from top to bottom.

It's time to learn how to plaster walls correctly: first of all, prepare the mixture, and then apply the solution in casts from pendulum to pendulum. The process will go much faster if you use special equipment– a compressor (gun) for plaster. After one layer has dried, apply another. Do not try to level the plaster at once, it is impossible. The leveling layer must be applied using a spatula. It is subsequently rubbed down with a trowel or sandpaper.

Plastering walls on beacons

Beacons help make any surface perfectly flat. They clearly allow you to see how much plaster should be applied. Plastering on beacons is carried out in the classical way, which is often used in construction: stretching a pair of cords parallel to the floor and ceiling, vertically and diagonally. This method of marking gives a clear idea of ​​the unevenness of the walls, which should be covered with plaster.

The distance between the cord and the working surface is chosen arbitrarily, but it must be sufficient to avoid contact. The first two marks should be placed in the corners of the wall with an indentation of fifteen to twenty centimeters and secured with alabaster. Intermediate ones are installed along cords that are stretched between profiles coming out of the corners. How to properly plaster the walls then? The solution is applied from lighthouse to lighthouse.

Aligning walls without beacons

The advantages of plastering with this method are savings, since the consumption of finished plaster is significantly reduced due to application in a thin layer and due to the absence of labor-intensive preparatory work for placing beacons. So, for alignment without beacons it follows.

Plastering walls is one of the stages of renovation of premises. Application of the mixture may be necessary in a new building with bare load-bearing structures or in old houses with uneven or dilapidated walls.

Non-professionals often have questions about which mixture to choose and how to apply it correctly; for this you need to know the characteristics of the materials different types and the scope of their application. If a beginner takes on the job, then you should start with the basics, with what plaster is, what compositions there are, whether you can apply them yourself or entrust the work to professionals.

When choosing a material, it is necessary to take into account a number of features: the properties of the mixture itself, the characteristics of the base, and the method of application. The combination of these factors depends appearance, service life and alignment quality.

Plastering walls poses a big task - to level out the unevenness of the base wall by applying a concrete or gypsum mixture. And sometimes to give the surface a decorative look. Depending on the composition and size of the drops, it is performed in different ways.

The main principle for choosing plaster is its purpose. It is necessary to consider where the work will take place: indoors or on the facade. What properties should the mixture have, and what is the base for finishing made of?

All plasters are divided into three large groups:

1. simple (for leveling the surface);
2. special (compositions with additives to improve individual characteristics);
3. decorative (finish coatings that do not require additional processing).

Interior plastering of house walls requires that the composition be safe and smooth out perfectly. For outdoor work, a mixture that is resistant to adverse environmental factors is required.

Cement

Dry mixture of cement and sand. The ratio of components in the composition is on average 1 to 2-5, respectively. Before application, mix with water to the consistency of thick sour cream.

Cement plasters are used for interior works and external. To improve plasticity and adhesion, plasticizers and PVA glue are added to the composition. When working in rooms with high humidity and outside, slaked lime is added to the solution.

Apply 3-5 layers. The maximum thickness of one is no more than 20 mm, optimally 10 mm. The total thickness of the coating can reach 100 mm, but reinforcement will be required.

The task of this composition is to level out unevenness for further finishing. Suitable for brick, concrete and wooden bases. Before application, prime the surface, then plaster the walls in three stages (spray, primer, cover).

It is applied manually and by machine, leveled with spatulas and a rule.

Plaster

The mixture is based on gypsum powder, fine filler and polymer additives. It does not tolerate moisture and temperature changes well, so it is used only for interior work. Sold as a dry mixture for preparing a solution with water.

The maximum layer thickness without reinforcement is 5 cm. Can be applied to any substrate. Suitable for creating a smooth surface for painting or wallpaper. It dries in just a few hours; the finished solution must be used within 40 minutes.

The technology for plastering walls with gypsum composition differs from cement. The mixture is applied in one layer, leveled with a rule, minor irregularities are corrected with a spatula.

Decorative

Mixtures decorative plaster perform two functions at once: hide minor defects and give an aesthetic appearance. No additional finishing is needed. Pigments and insoluble granules from stone, sand, and plastic are added to such compositions.

Depending on what mixture and technique of plastering the walls is chosen, a different pattern, relief, pattern or texture is obtained.

Produced on acrylic, silicone, silicate and mineral based. If you follow all the rules for plastering walls, it adheres well to any substrate. There are compositions for external and internal work.

Silicone

Silicone-based compounds are used for external and interior plaster walls The mixture remains flexible even after drying, thanks to which the surface is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature and mechanical damage. It tolerates moisture well, so it is suitable for finishing bathrooms and kitchens.

The finished surface can have a “Bark beetle”, “Lamb” relief or imitate marble (Venetian). It all depends on how to plaster the walls, what tools to use and what size and shape of the solid particles in the composition.

Sgraffito

Sgraffito is not separate species plaster, but the method of its application. Using this technique, you can create carved color designs. As a result, the plastered walls look like real paintings.

To create a beautiful effect, pigments are added to compositions on different bases and the plaster is applied in several layers that differ in shade. Next, patterns, ornaments, and figures are cut out on the dried finish.

Decorating walls with sgraffito plaster requires skill and experience. A person who knows how to draw and work with the mixture can cope with this task.

Venetian

These mixtures imitate a smooth or textured marble surface. It contains a polymer binder or lime, pigments and mineral dust. Since the plaster needs to be applied in 5-6 layers, the work takes a lot of time. To obtain a marble pattern, the mixture is applied unevenly, gradually creating a play of shades.

Depending on how the plaster is applied to the wall, the intensity and depth of color, contrasts and texture of natural stone vary.

Textured

Textured plaster creates an imitation of stone, wood and leather. It can contain any binder and solid fillers of various fractions and shapes. The larger they are, the more pronounced and relief the pattern will be.

This plaster is used for interior and exterior finishing walls For the former, the fillers are thinner, so the texture is elegant; for the latter, the fillers are large, creating a rough relief.

The best way to plaster walls

Which plaster is better for leveling walls depends on a number of factors: the size of the differences in the base surface, resistance to moisture, type finishing coating, operating conditions.

Important! Plastering walls in an apartment requires the mixture to be environmentally safe, so using the composition for exterior work indoors is prohibited.

Applying plaster to a wall can be done different instruments: wide and narrow spatulas, a special machine. For decorative compositions use rollers with embossed attachments, a trowel, an applicator, and brushes.

Ways to level walls

It is already clear which plaster is best to choose for leveling the walls; all that remains is to determine the method of applying it to the surface.

Plaster can be applied to walls in two main ways: without beacons (by eye) and using beacons. The first method involves applying and leveling the mixture with spatulas, a rule or a trowel; it is suitable if the surface has slight differences of up to 2-3 cm. The second method is more reliable and accurate. For it, a plane of metal profiles is pre-set on the walls.

You can determine the size of the differences using a plumb line or building level, and then choose which wall plastering technology is most suitable.

Plaster interior walls apartments are often performed without beacons, since the differences are usually insignificant. IN industrial buildings With high ceilings It's better to use beacons.

Required tools and materials

To plaster walls you will need a large set of tools and materials:

• A hatchet or hammer with a pick (for removing old coating or protruding parts);
• Brush (for applying primer);
• Primer composition suitable for the type of base;
• Plumb or building level(to control the plane during operation);
• Square (for drawing out corners);
• Large capacity (for mixing the solution);
• Construction mixer;
• Plaster spatula and trowel (for adding mortar to areas where there is not enough of it);
• Wide and narrow spatulas;
• Guiding beacons;
• Rule and grater (to level the layer);
• Plaster corners (for reinforcing external corners).

In order for plastering walls with your own hands to be of high quality, you need to study the technology of applying the mixture. If you are a beginner and not confident in your abilities, it is better to entrust the work to professionals than to plaster the walls again. They have all the materials for plastering walls, and they know exactly what is best for plastering walls.

Preparatory stage

Preparatory work consists of surface treatment before applying the first layer of plaster. The nature of the work is determined by the type of foundation:

1. Preparing the brick surface. For better adhesion, you need to fix the reinforcing mesh or make indentations in the mortar between the bricks. Next comes cleaning of dust and debris and priming.
2. Preparing concrete walls. If the material is not very dense, shallow cuts are made with an ax, then treated with concrete contact.
3. Foam block surfaces are coated with a deep penetration primer.
4. Preparation wooden walls under plaster. It is necessary to fill the diagonal slats in increments of 5 cm so that the solution is better retained on the surface.

There should be no large protrusions, loose old coating, metal elements, dust or debris on the surface of the walls. Once the base has been prepared and the primer has dried, you can begin the process of applying plaster.

Application technology

Plastering walls begins with preparing the solution. To do this, the dry mixture is diluted with water in the proportions recommended by the manufacturer. Concrete and brick walls are moistened with water so that the plaster takes longer to set and does not lag behind the surface.

Technology plastering works includes three stages. This is the sequential application of three layers of a mixture of different thicknesses and thicknesses.

Instructions for plastering walls with your own hands:

1. Spray. This layer is the most liquid in consistency. It is thrown onto the surface using a trowel with little effort. Then they are slightly leveled with a falcon. The thickness of the plaster layer is 5-10 mm.
2. Priming. When the first layer has set, but has not yet dried, apply the second layer. It is thicker and thinner. It is placed on the falcon and applied to the wall, then leveled with a wide spatula using sweeping movements. One portion of plaster should be enough for approximately 1 square meter. area.
3. Covering. Layer thickness 2 mm. The solution should be thick. Apply to hardened soil. Its task is to level out all minor irregularities. The mixture is no longer thrown on, but spread with a spatula, pressing the sharp edge to the surface. Apply using bottom-up movements. You can move in an arc. After the mixture has set, the surface is rubbed with a trowel.

Other methods of applying plaster are also practiced. For example, in one layer, without splashing. This method is suitable for those who do not have professional skills, since only a person with experience can properly plaster walls.

Grouting plaster

The last stage of plastering is grouting. Its task is to bring the surface to perfect smoothness. Grouting of the surface must begin when the last layer of plaster has hardened. The work is carried out in stages using different tools:

1. Grout with a trowel onto the wooden surface of the set covering layer. You need to smooth out the spatula marks and bumps. Performed without pressure in a circular motion.
2. Smoothing with a felt grater using sharp, straight movements.
3. Smoothing with a grater with a rubber or metal strip. These tools prepare the surface for painting. Movements first vertically, then horizontally.

After grouting, the wall is cleaned of dust and coated with a primer. You can proceed to further finishing when the surface has dried well.

What is lighthouse plaster?

The process of leveling walls with beacons begins with installing profiles that will set the desired level.

Installation of beacons is carried out as follows:

• A self-tapping screw is screwed into the wall near the ceiling and floor, and their position is leveled using a plumb line. Their caps should be in the same plane.
• Measure the distance between the screws, subtract 5 cm and cut off a profile fragment equal to the obtained value.
• Draw a line between the screws with a pencil.
• Throw the plaster solution onto the line in 3-4 places with tubercles, press the profile into them so that its plane meets the heads of the screws. Remove the fasteners.
• Repeat the procedure at a distance of no more than 1 meter from the first beacon. Thus, a plane is created along all the walls of the room.

At this point, the installation of the beacons is completed, and you can begin to apply the first layer of the mixture. After the plaster has been completely applied, the beacons are removed and the areas where they were located are leveled.

Plastering walls with your own hands

You can apply plaster yourself if the differences are not very large and the layer of the mixture does not exceed 2-5 cm. Only mixtures for rough leveling and easy-to-work decorative ones should be applied. For example, finishing a wall Venetian plaster doing it yourself without experience is too reckless. Compositions that are difficult to work with are best left to professionals.

Some formulations can be prepared independently. Cement plaster consists only of cement and sand, knowing the right ratio components you can prepare a mixture.

How to make plaster:

• IN large capacity or use a concrete mixer to pour cement of a grade no lower than M200 and 3-4 times more sand (depending on the fat content of the composition needed) and mix dry;
• Pour in water in small portions until the desired consistency is obtained, stirring the mixture periodically;
• To improve plasticity, you can add a little detergent(at the rate of 30-50 ml per 5 liters of water).

The finished mixture must be used within an hour. Since plastering with your own hands can take a long time, you should not prepare a lot of solution at once.

If we plaster ourselves, then we need to take care to protect the skin from the composition, as well as cover the furniture and floor in the room where the work is taking place.

Since plastering walls with your own hands without any experience is not easy, you can first watch a video of how the craftsmen do it.

You can save significantly on plastering walls in an apartment only if you prepare the solution yourself and apply it yourself.

You can reduce costs a little more by using materials sparingly:

• Dilute the composition with water in small portions so that you have time to use it;
• Carefully monitor the differences in the wall; perhaps in some places it is enough to cut off the bumps and the mixture consumption will be reduced;
• Apply only two layers without covering, but this is acceptable if the differences do not exceed 1-2 cm.

Plastered walls improve the heat and sound insulation of the room, acquire a flat and smooth surface, ready for further finishing with thin coatings - wallpaper and paint. Some types of compositions also have decorative functions. You can apply the mixture in different ways, but it is important to do everything correctly, otherwise the coating will not last long.

Using mortars they create decorative and protective surfaces, level the walls. They are used on on different grounds, And . Proper Use universal technologies allows you to successfully solve various functional and aesthetic problems. This article talks about how to plaster walls with your own hands as a beginner. Videos, step-by-step instructions, comments and other materials will help you learn the nuances of professional techniques.

Read in the article

What is plaster: learning general information

The purpose of using this technique is to create a durable layer that eliminates unevenness and other defects of the original surface.

Homogeneous solid plaster provides good protection from wind and other adverse external influences. It performs full-fledged work and improves economic performance during the operation of the property.

This tool is most often used for masonry. However, it is also used for plastering walls. Stir with a trowel, scoop up and throw the solution onto the wall. Using the narrowed part, work operations are performed in corners and cracks are sealed.

The narrowed trapezoid shape is well suited for neatly filling seams with the mixture. In particular, such a tool is used when forming surfaces from sheets. It is also convenient for them to separate old plaster and remove dirt from cracks.

This tool is used to work with figured pilasters and other complex elements. The tapered front part of the blade is well suited for dosing and distributing solution in hard-to-reach places and on curved surfaces.

This tool received this name from the name of its special technology. decorative finishing. walls are made using plastic mortars. Apply thin layers with careful leveling of the smallest irregularities. For high-quality and fairly quick reproduction of work operations, a perfectly smooth large work surface is useful. The rounded corners of the trowel prevent scratches.

For your information! Experienced craftsmen purchase identical blades in several sizes. Large ones are used for stirring and spreading, creating the first plaster coating. To apply subsequent layers and perform “jewelry” work, compact tools are used.

From this photo it is not difficult to understand the principle of working with the tool. It is moved with support from the beacons to form a flat surface.

This tool removes uneven surfaces. The photo shows a grater with a replaceable blade.

Apply specialized means mechanization

To perform certain operations, in addition to gloves, you will need a respirator. Other means personal protection. The list of necessary purchases is compiled after selecting a specific technology, taking into account the characteristics of the property and other important factors.

How to prepare a solution for plastering walls

• When plastering walls with your own hands using factory mixtures, use the official instructions of the manufacturer.
• The created solution should be well fixed on a vertical surface.
• It is necessary to obtain such a consistency that there are no difficulties when smoothing with the rule.
• A mixture that is too dry will form lumps and uneven surfaces. If the moisture concentration is excessive, the solution flows down.
• Be sure to specify the period within which the finished composition must be completely used. If you have insufficient qualifications, it is better not to prepare a large number of for the work cycle.

If there are no special instructions for creating a solution, use the following algorithm of actions:

• Prepare the container the right size. A light plastic bucket is suitable, which is not damaged by a construction mixer and can be quickly cleaned of dirt. Unlike metal analogues it does not make loud sounds when in contact with metal working tools.
• First they pour clean water. There is no need to boil it, but it is necessary to exclude colored impurities and strong odors.
• Dry ingredients are added gradually, mixing thoroughly.
• When the lumps are eliminated, leave the solution for 3-4 minutes. Next, check the viscosity, add water and other components in the correct proportions until the desired consistency is obtained.

For your information! For standard cement-based formulations, wall plastering in one batch should be completed in 45-60 minutes. If the composition contains gypsum, the work will have to be completed twice as fast.

The most important stage of finishing work: preparing walls for plastering

• The base for applying a new layer must be strong, so the old and other coatings are removed.
• Check the condition of the walls. If detected, cracks are sealed and elements to strengthen the load-bearing frame are installed.
• If dampness is detected, eliminate the source of its occurrence. They repair and install high-quality equipment.
• Next, you need to prevent the walls from absorbing moisture from the plaster mortar. For this purpose, they are used depending on the wall material.
• Special compounds improve the adhesive properties of the surface. If mechanical processing is used for this, the final stage is to remove contamination from the working area.

How to plaster walls without beacons with your own hands: video and useful tips

This technology is used in basements, technical rooms, in attics and other objects where it is not necessary to create an ideal surface.

Photo	How to level walls without beacons: step-by-step instruction with expert comments
	If done correctly, you can ensure high quality with economical consumption of building mixture. It should be noted that such techniques are indispensable when working in cramped conditions, when it is necessary to plaster walls behind pipes and.
	Pre-remove the solution build-up and seal large holes. The brick is old, so standard solution(wetting with water) will not work. Careful processing required.
	There are corners in the design. They will need to be covered with plastic or metal covers.
	To create the first layer, no casting is used. Use sequential processing small plots, rub small doses of the solution into the wall. It is at this stage that all voids in the masonry can be filled. A wide spatula makes leveling the surface easier. When performing smooth movements, it is not difficult to notice and eliminate depressions and bumps.
	Next, the rule is to check the evenness of the wall section and install the corners. Mark the places (recesses) where unevenness needs to be removed.
	Start applying the second layer. After fixing the plaster on the wall, they again use the rule to control the surface. They can also use excess solution.
	After 30-40 minutes the finishing layer is applied. At this stage, small doses of the solution are used, since in fact only corrective actions are needed. On a fairly flat surface, the material consumption is small. It is especially important here that there are no lumps in the mixture, foreign bodies. In a real situation, the time is set taking into account the characteristics of a certain recipe.

At the final stage, after hardening, the top layer is treated with a grater. Experienced craftsmen remove small defects with a spatula. When plastering walls with your own hands without beacons, you can save consumables. But here you will have to spend more effort and time to obtain good results. But in some cases, perfect quality is simply not necessary.

Video of siten plastering without beacons using gypsum mortar:

What are the differences between plastering walls with your own hands using beacons: video with professional comments

Photo	Plastering walls using homemade beacons: step-by-step instructions
	After removing old decorative and insufficient durable coatings eliminate construction defects. Further paint roller apply primer.
	Mark the installation location of the beacons in such a way that when performing work operations, the rule rests on two reference lines simultaneously.
	Marks are made at a distance of 5 cm from each edge of the instrument. If the 250 cm long rule is selected, the distance between the beacons should be 240 cm or slightly less.
	Holes are drilled according to the marked marks. Plastic dowels are driven into them with a hammer.
	Screw in self-tapping screws with wire rings. Similar operations are performed on the other side of the wall.
	To accurately set the desired level, wooden pegs are used. The dimensions of these elements and the corresponding position of the string are selected taking into account the position and geometric features of the wall.
	Use a bubble level to control the vertical. If necessary, change the position of the strings. When suitable pegs are selected, screw the screws until they stop to tighten the wire tightly.
	Mix the solution in accordance with the manufacturer's official recommendations. This procedure does not require perfect condition. ready mixture, however, it is more convenient to work with high-quality consumables, no lumps.
	Using a plaster spatula, apply the solution near the string. Remove excess parts from the surface of the tensioned wire. After hardening, remove small irregularities from the surface of the created beacons with a spatula.
	Start mixing the ingredients. Dry ingredients are poured into water. Next use construction mixer. At this stage you should create quality solution with a uniform structure and optimal density.
	Apply the mixture using trowels (trapezoidal trowel). For preliminary smoothing, use a wide spatula.
	Next, apply the rule. They use it to pull the solution to the side. Lighthouses serve as longitudinal supports. Small movements up and down make this operation easier.
	Continue plastering the walls in the same way. After completing the treatment of the entire area, wait 10-15 minutes until the top layer “sets.” Afterwards, remove small irregularities with a grater or a wide spatula.

Watch this video of lighthouse plastering for beginners:

It shows how this technology creates a high-quality, flat surface. It can be painted and wallpapered without additional processing after drying.

In this video, leveling the wall using beacons with your own hands is done with preliminary reinforcement:

This technique can be used instead of creating special irregularities. The mesh will also provide increased resistance of the layer to mechanical stress.

Additional consultation: setting beacons without errors

A drawing of the premises will help to accurately establish the placement lines of vertical beacons.

The locations of their installation are marked in the figure, taking into account the length of the rule. As with the strings, here you need to make the distance less than this leveling tool. You must leave a sufficient distance to internal corners, other obstacles.

This figure shows the principle of field construction. Instead of nails, it is more convenient to use self-tapping screws that are screwed in to the required depth. First, screws are installed at points 1 and 3. A cord is pulled between them and elements 7 and 8 are installed. Verticals (1-2; 3-6-4) and others are controlled using a plumb line. If necessary, change the position of the screws to obtain a clear line.

Diagram (1) shows installation using specialized fasteners. Bubble (2) and laser (3) tools are used to check surfaces. Using a stretched string (4), the exact level of one line is established.

Correct selection and use of different materials

It will be possible to find out in the apartment after a detailed familiarization with the features of different recipes. It is quite convenient to work with ready-made construction mixtures. They are sold dry, so subsequent dilution with water and mixing will be required. The main advantage is the carefully selected composition. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost. At making the right choice ingredients you can create a professional-grade solution.

Features of plastering walls with your own hands with cement mortar: video and written instructions

The first layer of wall plaster is called “spray”. It is applied with a liquid solution to fill the smallest pores and cracks as evenly as possible. When setting occurs (but before completely dry) – apply a second, thicker one. They create on it rough surface. The mixture for the next layer is created from fine sand with the addition of lime. This will increase ductility. The following table shows technical specifications and quantity of ingredients. Knowing the proportions, you can change the parameters taking into account the characteristics of a particular project.

The video shows an example of plastering walls with cement mortar using beacons:

How to plaster walls with gypsum plaster: video, important nuances

When using mixtures on this basis, rapid hardening must be taken into account. It should also be noted that it is slightly less resistant to moisture without special additives. IN in this case a denser structure without pores is obtained, which worsens insulation characteristics. However, the surface is smooth. It should be noted that it is easy to apply different surfaces.

The accompanying documentation for factory dry mixes indicates:

• Minimum and maximum layer thickness.
• Operating temperature to which individual parameters correspond.
• Consumption per 1 sq. m.
• The amount of solution that is obtained from one package;
• Time:

1. maturation and life of the solution in an open container;
2. drying a layer of a certain thickness;
3. set of nominal strength.

• Density and strength of the finished layer.
• Grain.
• Color and shelf life of plaster in original packaging.

For interior work, you can use homemade plaster with an increased setting time. Create two separate solutions from water and one/three parts of gypsum/lime, respectively. Then they are mixed and used for their intended purpose.

In this video, the master talks about leveling walls gypsum plaster:

How to make finishing plaster on walls with your own hands: video, basics of quality work

For high-quality plastering of walls, you need to create an ideal, flat surface. At the same time we need good adhesion for reliable fixation of the finishing decorative covering. You can solve this problem using the following recipe:

• For 5 kg of gypsum take 15 kg of chalk (powder). The ingredients are mixed.
• Next, a solution (5%) of wood glue is added to the container.
• The required amount of liquid is determined experimentally by stirring the mixture until smooth with the consistency of very thick sour cream.

Important! Without sufficient experience, it is better to work with a small amount of solution, as it sets very quickly.

This video shows an example of plastering walls under wallpaper:

How to plaster walls with your own hands for a beginner: videos and comments on the use of technology on different surfaces

If you find out how, the implementation of new projects and restoration of old buildings will be simplified. In addition to the characteristics of the materials, one should take into account weather, as well as the nuances of future operation. For internal and exterior finishing different technologies are used.

Cement-based mortars are well suited for plastering brick walls.

Lime is added to them if outdoor work is planned. Similar solutions are used for other rooms with high humidity. Plastering brick walls is often preceded by removing the old coating. These surfaces have a lot of unevenness, so you should expect relatively high consumption materials. When creating thick layers, mesh reinforcement is used.

How to plaster a brick wall indoors with your own hands is described in this video:

Concrete walls: smooth, durable surfaces are not always good

When preparing such coatings, the joints between the slabs are carefully sealed. Smooth factory products have low adhesion, so you will have to use a special tool (bush hammers, hammer drill bits) to create special damage. The necessary adhesion is ensured using primers, and gypsum is added to the solution. The listed operations increase the cost of plastering walls. However, it should be noted the high strength of the corresponding building structures, no deformation during operation.

Preparation and high-quality plastering of wooden walls

In this case, removing old plaster is not difficult. To secure the mortar, a lattice structure of slats is used. Such a base does not provide high strength. The entire structure is quickly destroyed. The only inconvenience is a large amount of dust.

Instead of slats, use a chain-link net with a wire thickness of 2.5 mm or more. Pre-clean the freed from outer layers surface. Wooden parts treated with preparations that protect against rotting.

This video shows how to plaster a wooden wall:

Features of foundation plaster

The corresponding work inside the building is no different from performing activities in other premises. In the presence of high humidity apply additional layer. But better protection from water, install outside to prevent damage to building structures.

For your information! Pay attention to the fiberglass mesh. This material provides the necessary reinforcement strength, but is not damaged by corrosion processes, like metal products.

Using this video, you can quickly figure out how to plaster a house with your own hands:

No matter how accurate the theoretical knowledge may be, in this case it is necessary practical experience. In order not to waste time and money on correcting deficiencies, it is better to practice in advance small areas. Separate experiments are carried out before plastering the walls with your own hands on new (complex in shape) surfaces.

The sequence of repair and construction work must always be carried out in a specific order. In order to properly learn how to plaster walls with your own hands, you will need to know the five steps of this process.

So let's look at these 5 important sequences:

1. Preparatory work for plastering. This includes cleaning the surface (on which the plaster mass will be applied) by removing old plaster etc.
2. Preparation and dilution of the plaster mass.
3. Applying plaster to walls.
4. Mashing.
5. Puttying.

Preparatory work

Any person can do what is under point 1, since this work does not require special knowledge.

You will need to remove old cracked plaster from the wall.

If this is a log wooden wall, then it will be necessary to level the shingles (glazing beads), which are nailed with small nails. Shingles are wooden slats 5-10 mm thick, 15-20 mm wide, and length along the height of the wall.

The slats are nailed either vertically or diagonally crosswise. The distance between them is 20 cm. All the plaster is held on them, so the surface of the slatted mesh must be flat.

In some places where wooden slats fails, it is necessary to place pieces of slats until they are completely level.

If it is a concrete or brick wall, then there will also be some nuances. On enough smooth wall you will have to make furrows, most often this is done with a chisel. Make grooves between the bricks of one to two centimeters (to make the work easier, you can first moisten the wall with water).

According to the rules, it is not recommended to plaster a newly built wall, since the fresh masonry will still shrink after a while and the dried plaster will crack.

On concrete and brick walls where there are irregularities, so-called beacons are used, which are usually planted on vetonite.

TO preparatory work This also includes laying polyethylene on the floor or cardboard close to the wall. It is inevitable that the plaster mortar will fall onto the floor. The mixture dropped onto a clean floor free of debris can be used.

Diluting the mixture with your own hands

The proportions should be different for each type of plaster.

If lime-sand plaster is used, then the ratio of lime and sand is one to two. This mixture is used for working with concrete walls from the inside.

For stone walls, a plaster solution is diluted, consisting of lime, sand and cement, the ratio of which is 1: 1: 4. For those who are not familiar with the ratio system, I’ll give you a hint: in this case, 1:1:4 means that, for example, one scoop of lime is taken.

To plaster wooden walls, use a solution containing lime, sand and alabaster. Also, first mix lime and sand 1:2. After which, alabaster is added to this mixture one to one or half to one with lime (either the same volume as lime, or half as much).

This mixture is suitable for walls with low humidity. Not suitable for plinths, cornices and in rooms where there will be high humidity.

Lime-gypsum mixture. This type of solution is stirred in small portions, up to 5 liters.

This is due to the rapid hardening of gypsum. Suitable for stone, brick and wooden walls.

The ratio of gypsum and lime is as follows: to 1 scoop of gypsum (already dissolved in water) add from 2 to 5 of the same scoops of lime. When preparing the solution, the following conditions must be observed: first mix water with gypsum. Precisely water with plaster, not plaster with water.

That is, you first need to pour water, and then pour in gypsum powder and mix quickly. The mass should resemble sour cream in viscosity. Next, add lime to this mixture and mix thoroughly.

This solution will remain in a suitable condition for up to 10 minutes. Therefore, at this time you need to have time to apply it to the wall.

The next type of plaster is a cement-lime mixture. The ratios of such solutions range from 2:2:12 to 2:4:18. That is, in proportion it will look like this: for 2 scoops of cement, use from two to four scoops of lime and from 12 to 18 scoops of sand.

The method of preparing cement mortar is of two types:

1. First, lime is mixed in water, then cement is added to the lime mass, after which sand is added. The solution should be mixed thoroughly so that no lumps remain.
2. Mix cement in water. Then lime and sand.

This cement-lime mortar is used for plastering external walls, cornices, plinths and inside the building in places of high humidity.

Another type of mortar is cement-sand. Such a solution has good feature: It is very durable and at the same time elastic. The ratio of such a solution is from 1:1 to 1:3. That is, from one to three scoops of sand are used for one scoop of cement.

Moreover, first you need to dry mix the cement with sand, then add water. This is done to prevent the formation of lumps. The proportions of the prepared solution depend on the brand of cement purchased. If M-400 cement is used, then the ratio should be one to four.

This solution is applied to the walls in certain parts where the humidity is excessive.

You can bring the solution to the desired consistency as follows:

1. If the solution turns out to be liquid, then remove it. excess water You can put dry ordinary brick there. It will absorb moisture, and the solution will have the desired consistency.
2. If, on the contrary, the solution is thick, then you can make it ready for use by adding a little water.

We begin to apply the mixture

This procedure already requires some skills. The art of applying plaster solution to the wall is done correctly. It is important to be able to apply the solution with a certain force and sharpness so that it sticks and does not splash or fall.

Correctly applying plaster to a wall can only be done by plastering several hundred square meters and have enough experience.

What about the grout?

The grouting process is carried out a couple of hours after applying the main mortar to the surface of the wall, that is, it should already become hard, but not yet set.

This is very important, since if you start grouting too early, the base mortar layer may move out. If you are late, it will be very difficult to smear.

For grouting, use a special board with two handles measuring 20x120x1000 millimeters; it can also be used with one handle. It's called a grater. It needs to be moved in a circle. At the same time, the guide beacons will not allow cutting off a large amount of mortar; the beacons are set strictly according to the level.

The thickness of the applied solution in one stage should not exceed three centimeters. Therefore, if a thick layer is important, then it must be made of several layers.

The break between each layer is up to two days.

On the walls of houses, that is, directly where they live, plaster is usually applied in several layers:

• the first layer is liquid, contains cement, and is needed for binding;
• the next layer (leveling) is thick and should smooth out all errors;
• the third layer is decorative, up to five millimeters thick. For decorative plaster mortar, only fine-grained sand (sifted) is used, and cement is lump-free and, if possible, colored. The second layer is rubbed with a float, and the third decorative layer is rubbed with a float. The grater is a wooden sheet measuring 20x120x200 mm and has one handle. Working surface The grater should be lined with felt.

Surface puttying process

Even the last decorative layer of plaster will not have perfect smooth surface. Therefore, the next step will be puttying, which will prevent the formation of dust on the wall. In a residential building, oil putty is applied with a spatula.

Putty is applied to the wall in a thin layer.

The walls should be puttied a month after applying the main layer of plaster. Walls outside and inside auxiliary premises It is better to apply putty with an iron trowel. It would be more correct to iron these walls, as they say.

That is, with an iron trowel (trowel) a certain amount of dry cement is rubbed into a plastered surface that has been previously moistened with water. If you properly plaster the walls in this way, the plaster will be glossy and pleasant to look at, and also moisture resistant. Ironing should be done immediately after finishing plastering work.

Conclusion on the topic

By selecting suitable mixture and with a little practice you should be able to cope with the tasks. Good luck with the renovation!

Useful video on how to properly plaster walls with cement mortar: