How to make a high porch in a private house. How to make a porch out of wood. Wooden porches for a country house

Any happy owner of a country plot rejoices at the opportunity to relax from the bustle of the city in nature. To create comfortable living conditions, you need a beautiful, warm, spacious house, bathhouse, and outbuildings.

There is no way to do it without building a structure. The appearance of the building largely depends on how the entrance group is decorated. Let's look at what the porches of houses can be like, what they can be built from, and we'll also look at how to make a porch at the dacha with your own hands.

Finished construction

For almost all buildings, the entrance door of which rises above the surface of the ground, a porch in front of it is a mandatory attribute. It should perform two functions: decorative ̶ to be a decoration of the facade and practical ̶ to ensure comfortable and safe movement, as well as protect the entrance group from the influence of unfavorable external factors.

Components:

1. Ladder. This is the main element of the porch structure.

Requirements for stairs and their components are specified in SNiP 02/31/2001 “Single-apartment residential buildings”, GOST 8717-2016 “Concrete and reinforced concrete steps”, SNiP II-25-80 “Wooden structures”, GOST 23120-2016 “Flight stairs” steel platforms and fences.”

In individual buildings it is allowed to deviate from current standards. When arranging them, owners can focus on their own taste and ease of use for family members and guests.

The parameters of the staircase elements that allow you to move comfortably along it are as follows:

• Staircase width: at least 90 cm.
• Step depth: 25-33 cm.
• Riser height: 15-20 cm.
• The angle of inclination of the stairs should not exceed 45 degrees.

1. Area.

The platform should be 5 cm below the edge of the entrance door. Its dimensions for convenient opening of the door: length of at least 1 m, width - one and a half times the width of the door leaf.

1. Canopy or roof.

The canopy must withstand wind and snow loads, protect people and the entrance group from precipitation and scorching rays of the sun.

1. Walling.

Fences must be continuous, equipped with handrails at a height of at least 0.9 m, and withstand loads of 0.3 kN/m. When installing baluster posts, it is recommended to leave a distance of no more than 20 cm between them, and if there are small children, no more than 15 cm.

There are many manufacturing options, but a staircase, even if it consists of two or three steps, and a small platform must be present.

The main elements of the porch structure are shown in the photo:

Components

Kinds

Let's look at the various options.

Designs can be classified according to the following criteria:

Example of a structure

1. On the construction of the foundation. The building can be built on a common foundation with the building or be an extension on a separate one.

Building on a separate foundation

1. According to the shape of the structure.

There are a huge variety of types: from simple, rectangular or semicircular, to the most complex, sometimes even bizarre shapes.

1. By operating time. The structure can be built temporarily, for ease of climbing into a building under construction, or as a durable structure.

Temporary structure

1. By organizing the entrance into the building, structures can be made with one or two lateral lifts.

But the most popular options are those with a front entrance to the house.

Straight lift option

1. According to the degree of security of the area in front of the door. Buildings can be equipped with canopies, fences, and have completely blank or only partially closed walls.

Fully closed type

The choice of design is often determined by the financial capabilities of the owners, the requirements for the porch structure (to provide protection from falls, bad weather, prying eyes).

Open with canopy

The platform can be used not only as an entrance to the building, but also to create additional recreation areas. If size allows, the building can be turned into a cozy terrace or veranda for organizing gatherings with family or friends.

Terrace option

By equipping the terrace with wicker furniture and decorating it with decorative elements: curtains, flowers, lanterns, you can completely transform the appearance of the building.

1. By the look of the stairs. It can be monolithic or arranged on guides (stringers and bowstrings).

These elements can be replaced by a frame or cast reinforced concrete structure.

1. According to the material from which the structure is made.

The construction of the building must be in harmony with the architectural style of the entire building. You can immediately select suitable materials and not use cladding, or first create a base structure, which is then finished in accordance with the overall design of the facade.

Materials for porch structures

Here are the materials most used by builders for stairs:

• Tree. This material is still one of the most popular for country houses. Its great advantage is its accessibility, aesthetics and the ability to make a porch yourself.

Wooden type

A wooden structure is ideally suited for a building also made of wood.

Important! Particular attention should be paid to carefully treating the wood from fire, moisture and insect damage.

• Metal. A structure made from this material has many significant advantages. Structures made from it are strong and durable, but do not forget about periodic treatment against corrosion.

This type can be ordered from the manufacturer, however, if you have some idea about the operation of the welding machine, then it is quite possible to build a simple structure with your own hands. Without finishing, metal does not look very attractive.

Wood, WPC, and various types of tiles are often used for cladding. Forged elements add a special charm.

Application of metal

• Brick. Another type of material, the use of which will ensure the durability of the extension to the house. If you have an idea about brickwork, it’s quite easy to build a beautiful brick structure with your own hands at the dacha.

Application of bricks

The brick structure will look ideal on the facade of a building lined with bricks or blocks. A very interesting option would be to move away from straight lines in the form of steps.

• Blocks. Blocks of various types are less commonly used in the construction of porches, but this option also has a right to exist.

application of blocks

The porch, built from blocks (like the whole house), needs to be finished due to its not very attractive appearance.

• Concrete. A concrete structure made using technology will last a long time. It is durable, safe, and not susceptible to weather disasters. The appearance of such structures, of course, leaves much to be desired, but when using facing materials you can get a real work of art.

Concrete type

Cladding materials

The facing material serves to give the extension an attractive appearance and also ensures its durability. It must be durable, unaffected by weather, safe (non-slip).

The following finishing materials can be used: siding, WPC, wood, brick, various types of tiles, panels, natural and artificial stone.

Materials for fencing and canopies

• Railing. Fences for porch structures perform protective and decorative functions. They protect people from falling and make them look attractive.

Fences can be screen or lattice. Materials for their construction can be: glass, WPC, PVC, metal, polycarbonate, wood, stone.

• Roofs and canopies. To ensure a comfortable stay for people in any weather, as well as to protect the entrance area from precipitation and sunlight, canopies or roofs are installed over the structure.

Canopies are mounted either directly to the facade or supported by vertical supports. The type of fastening depends on the area and weight of the structure itself and the condition of the building wall (ability to withstand loads).

The frame of canopies is usually made of wood or metal, and the canopies themselves can be made of glass, polycarbonate, metal, metal tiles, slate, and soft roofing materials.

When arranging a canopy, you should provide a drainage system to protect from excess moisture and ensure comfort for people.

Having familiarized ourselves with the possible designs of porches and the materials for their manufacture, we will consider options for how to make a structure at the dacha.

Construction

For a more complete introduction to how to make an extension of this type to a country house yourself, a video is offered in this article:

So:

1. Preparatory work. You should start with preparation, which includes: choosing a structure (including the type of foundation), taking dimensions, selecting materials, making a drawing, clearing the area.

Sample sketch

1. Purchase of materials.
2. Foundation construction. The foundation can be pile, slab, strip and columnar. When choosing the type and depth, the type of soil, groundwater level, and massiveness of the structure should be taken into account. It should be noted that for concrete structures and brick porches the foundation must be solid. You must remember to lay waterproofing on top of the finished foundation.

Strip foundation

Important! The foundation should not be in contact with the foundation of the house. For insulation, a special layer is used, for example, mineral wool.

1. We are building. Let's look at the most popular options.

Wooden porch

Manufacturing instructions:

• For work you will need: bars for supports (100x150 mm), logs (their thickness is determined by the size of the platform and the load on it), boards for stringers (50x300 mm) and steps (35-40 mm in thickness), material for decking the platform, balusters, handrails, fasteners. All wooden parts must be impregnated with fire retardants and antiseptics.
• The platform frame is installed. To do this, vertical supports are installed, as shown in the photo. When the supports are immersed in the ground, a cushion of sand and crushed stone is placed in dug holes (at least 50 cm deep), then flat stones are laid. Beams are installed level. After this, the remaining space is filled with cement mortar.

Important! The solution should harden completely.

The height of the vertical beams is leveled. The logs are placed on the supports using a tongue/groove connection or special stainless steel brackets.

• A staircase is being installed in the country house. Stringers are attached (with pre-cut recesses for treads and risers). The upper end of the stringers is fixed to the beam, the lower end is best attached to the foundation.

Design

• The risers and treads are secured to the stringers with self-tapping screws (in addition, you can coat the joints with glue).

• Using self-tapping screws, the flooring of the platform is laid.
• Railings are being installed. To do this, support pillars are mounted in the corners. A strip is stretched between them, to which racks are attached, secured on top with handrails.

• If required, a canopy is installed.

Wooden look

Concrete type

The construction of a concrete porch takes a lot of time, so you will have to be patient.

To make it, you can use a ready-made solution or prepare the mixture yourself. The problem of how to make a mortar for pouring with your own hands is not difficult to solve: you will need a concrete mixer, cement of at least M400 grade, river sand, crushed stone and water. The mixture is diluted with water, starting from the ratio: cement (part), sand (2 parts), crushed stone (2 parts).

• Installation of formwork. This is the most important point when making a concrete extension. Boards, plywood, chipboard, sheet metal or plastic are used (if rounded shapes are required). The formwork elements must be firmly fixed. It is recommended to cover wooden elements with drying oil to facilitate dismantling.

Formwork

• Reinforcement. For this, reinforcement rods with a diameter of 10 mm are used, which are connected to each other at a distance of 10-15 cm, or a metal mesh. In order for the reinforcement to be in the “body” of the concrete structure, it should be laid on supports, the role of which can be played by broken bricks. Broken stones and bricks can also be placed inside; they will increase strength and save mortar. If railings are installed later, you can install embedded elements.

• Pouring concrete. The prepared concrete is poured into the formwork. To compact the mixture, it is worth processing using a deep vibrator. The surface is leveled according to the rule.

After this, the structure should be covered with film. The formwork material can be dismantled a week after pouring; all other work must be left until the structure has completely dried (a month).

Concrete look

To finish a concrete structure, the materials described above are used. If planned by the project, fences and a roof are installed.

The article examined possible options for constructing porches for dacha buildings, and also gave advice on how to build a porch at your dacha with your own hands.

Every person sooner or later thinks about where to spend a weekend or an evening alone or with family and friends. The purchase of a country mansion or dacha is becoming increasingly relevant in resolving this issue. By purchasing this property, the owner begins to equip his home. Often modifications begin with remodeling the porch.

Currently, the types of porches are distinguished by their originality, practicality, convenience, beauty and are ideally combined with the main building, decorating it. Modern building materials are used for construction; they are selected taking into account the style of the house itself and last for many years.

If we talk about the practical side and convenience, then it is better to choose a covered extension that will protect both in rain and cold.

Characteristics

All extensions differ from each other in size, shape, style, and location to the main building. So, a small vestibule with a simple appearance, without frills, will suit a small garden house. A medium-sized concrete structure will suit a house of standard sizes, and it can be given any shape, be it rectangular, square, trapezoidal, round or asymmetrical.

But do not forget that the appearance of the porch is selected individually, in accordance with the overall design of the facade. Square and rectangular extensions are clearer and add rigor, neatness, and consistency to the house, while round extensions add softness, comfort, and romance.

The porch can be partially or completely covered. Each option is slightly different in design and technical characteristics. Thus, a completely enclosed extension in all its characteristics resembles a small room. This design has a floor, walls, ceiling, and entrance doors leading to a closed platform. A completely enclosed porch of a private house is more practical, but it is more complex in design.

The semi-closed version has special pillars for support. In addition, railings can be used for added convenience. With a semi-closed design, doors are not necessary to install.

There are many options for how to build a vestibule, veranda or balcony, as well as building materials. Some people like a more environmentally friendly option and their choice falls on timber or boards, others prefer brick combined with glass, while others are crazy about pillars with forged elements.

If you choose concrete, you can finish it and decorate it to your liking. Some companies offer to completely glaze the vestibule, which adds style and at the same time comfort and transparency.

Options for covered extensions

Before you start building an extension, evaluate all the nuances of the building itself - what style it is built in, what materials it is made of, what kind of foundation, windows, doors, and whether there is any external finishing of the building. All this must be taken into account when choosing a porch design.

So, you can perform the following options for extensions:

• Traditional wooden version– budget and practical at the same time. The porch is installed on the foundation. A large canopy protects the entrance from moisture, even if there are open fragments in the upper part where the windows are installed. This version will look great with a wooden house.

• Russian The porch option is a close relative of the rustic style, but with the addition of modernity and novelty. Such a vestibule-porch in a private house is necessarily made of timber or wood, and has a large number of ornaments on the facade, railings, and roof. In this option, naturalness is valued, that is, the wood is not painted with colored paints, but is left natural, natural, preserving the natural pattern. The timber is coated only with varnish for greater durability.
• Finnish style– full or partial glazing of walls, looks good with wood and brick. The design also contains forged products, which further emphasize the chosen direction. If the house is built in the Finnish style, then the porch should be small, but at the same time, in addition to wood, stone in combination with glass can be used as a building material.
• Extension made of brick or concrete. Partially or completely closed with blank walls or glazed. This vestibule is ideal for a house made of brick of the same color or stone.

Project

A type of closed extension is a porch with a vestibule. This is a design of a small area, most often 3X4 meters, which provides a comfortable microclimate of the home. It will look good with both a one-story house and a cottage. The vestibule can be made as a small separate house, in the form of a square, an extension with a transition to a glazed veranda, elevated with stairs or above ground. It is located both in the center, at the main entrance, and on the side, at the back.

As a rule, the porch is formed on the foundation. For walls, choose brick, wood, rounded timber, concrete slabs, stone, blocks; they can also be partially or completely glazed.

The selected material should be similar to the material of the main building. Timber is selected for houses made of logs and slabs. Brick steps are suitable in most cases, but wooden planks can be used everywhere.

The difference between this design and the others is that this porch looks like a small room - it has a floor, walls, windows, a door and a roof. It can be insulated and illuminated and used as a hallway.

If you like to do everything with your own hands and understand construction, then building a porch on your site will not be difficult. Its design can be different, the main thing is that the vestibule is combined with the main supporting building.

Glazing Porch glazing can be done in several ways. It all depends on what goals the owner of a private house pursues. Currently, there is a huge selection of glazing options. These can be sliding and frameless systems, PVC, aluminum profiles or wooden windows.

• Each type has its own characteristics and this must be taken into account when building a porch.– the most popular and budget option. Plastic windows come in warm and cold varieties. To insulate the extension, double glazing is used. Now there is a huge selection of PVC profiles on the market, so matching it in color and texture to the main building will not be difficult. But it will not be possible to completely glaze the entire porch or veranda with PVC windows without a partition, since they are limited in size (the maximum area of ​​a PVC window is 2.8 m2). Another significant disadvantage of plastic windows is their rather heavy weight.

• Aluminum systems allow you to glaze the porch with maximum light opening without any additional jumpers. Windows can be warm or cold. Warm ones have 3-5-chamber double-glazed windows and special inserts, thanks to which they are heat and sound insulated. Cold windows have only one chamber and are equipped with lightweight fittings without any inserts, so they are more often used for glazing summer extensions.
• Wooden windows are a traditional, budget and simple option for porch glazing, if we talk about single 4 mm glass frames. But they do not retain heat in the extension in frosty conditions, so it is better to use more expensive wooden windows or 2-3-chamber double-glazed windows. Frameless glazing is an ideal solution if the porch needs to be protected from gusts of wind and precipitation, but it will not protect the extension from the cold. Typically, such glazing is used for a porch in a large country house or cottage.

With your own hands

A closed porch, although a non-residential structure, is nevertheless an important and functional element of any building. Building a porch with your own hands is not difficult, but you need to do it correctly and step by step.

The basis of everything is a properly executed project. It is very important to calculate the parameters, and also take into account the size of the porch, its height, whether there will be a staircase and in which direction it is better to position it. You need to proceed from your own preferences and amount of money. When designing, the ratio of the width of the extension and the doorway is also taken into account. All this can be seen in the drawings, which are drawn specifically for each plan.

After drawing up the plan and all the calculations, the materials for construction are prepared and the foundation is laid, that is, the foundation is poured. What raw materials the extension will be built from depends entirely on the main building.

A wooden porch can be made on the basis of timber. The boards are suitable for the construction of platforms and steps, and the side racks are best made from slats. The wood must be treated with an antiseptic to prevent rotting.

After the foundation is ready, they begin to build walls, a roof or a canopy, and also make a stringer (the load-bearing part of the stairs) and steps. The railings and canopy are arranged at your own discretion.

The most correct version of the porch is when its foundation is cast along with the house. In this case, there are practically no problems. Sometimes when planning a building it is forgotten. Then a porch is added to the house. An extension is made mainly from three materials: wood, metal and concrete. If the house is brick, they can build it out of brick. Another option is to make it from building blocks and then finish it. In any case, when planning to make a porch with your own hands, you must immediately decide what kind of foundation to make and whether or not to connect it with the base of the building.

How to calculate parameters

First you need to decide which way the steps will go. They can be on one, two or three sides. You determine this based on personal preferences and the finances that you can/want to allocate for construction. The height of the porch depends on the height of the plinth and should be 50-70 mm below the edge of the door leaf. This small step prevents precipitation from getting inside the house. Perhaps more importantly, it prevents the doors from becoming blocked if the porch rises up due to frost heaving (if the doors open outward).

Determining the dimensions of the upper platform

The layout of the porch begins with determining the size of the upper platform. If the doors open outward, you should be able to stand on the landing to open the doors. That is, its depth should be 30-40 cm greater than the width of the door leaf. According to GOST recommendations, the dimensions of the platform should be 1.5 times the width of the doorway. More is possible - less - undesirable - inconvenient.

If your doors are 80 cm wide, then the depth of the upper platform at the very minimum is 120 cm. Its width is determined based on the tastes and proportions of the house, but it should definitely be greater than the width of the doorway.

We count the number and sizes of steps

You know the height of the porch: 50-60 mm below the door leaf. The recommended height of the step (riser) is 15-20 cm. Divide the height of the porch by the height of the steps, you get the approximate number of steps. The number rarely turns out to be a whole number. The remaining centimeters can be divided between all steps or one of them can be made higher. Another option is to create a small step at the bottom, although this may be awkward.

The optimal width of the step (tread) is 25-30 cm. Knowing the number of steps, the depth of the upper platform, the depth of the steps, you can calculate the full dimensions of the porch. Using them you can already develop the foundation for the porch.

When choosing the parameters of the steps, you must adhere to the recommendations of SNiP: the sum of the tread and double riser should be in the range of 600-640 mm. For example, you calculated that the height of the step (riser) is 17 cm, the tread (depth) is 280 mm. After performing the calculations we get: 170 mm * 2+280 mm = 620 mm. We fit into the recommended parameters, which means there is no need to change anything.

What kind of foundation is needed?

If the porch is planned to be light - wooden or metal - the foundation is most often made of piles or columns. Specifically chosen based on geological conditions. On well-draining soils with low groundwater levels, it is sufficient; if there is a tendency to heave, it may be necessary.

For a heavy porch - made of brick or monolithic concrete - a strip foundation is made or. The type of foundation is most often similar to the one on which the house is built.

Next, you need to decide whether you will connect the porch foundation to the house foundation or not. Decisions are made based on the planned mass of the extension and the type of soil. Both options have disadvantages. If there is no connection, cracks often form at the junction of the porch and the house; due to frost heaving, the porch may become warped. Owners of dacha plots often face this problem - usually the porch to the dachas is made of wood and is disconnected. After the ground thaws, it may “sit” in place on its own, or it may require some additional measures.

When installing connections, it is also possible for cracks to form, but not only at the joint, but also in the “body” of the extension. This happens if the reinforced connections installed cannot compensate for the uneven load created by the house and the extension. Therefore, a connected foundation for a porch is made if it is attached to a heavy house and is itself heavy and massive, made of reinforced concrete. The second difficulty with this decision is to make the connection high-quality. To do this, use ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm, for which holes are drilled in the foundation with a given diameter. Reinforcement is hammered into them and a frame for the porch is knitted on its basis.

There are two main designs of stairs: on bowstrings and on stringers. They can be made of wood or metal. There are also combined options - metal + wooden steps or metal + concrete steps.

Staircase designs - on bowstrings and on stringers

On the bowstrings

Stairs on bowstrings are the simplest. For a porch - a good option, especially if the house is wooden or a small country house. Support bars are attached to the inside of the bowstring. If you are working with metal, the bars are welded horizontally (with a minimum slope of 1-2° to allow water to drain from the steps). In the case of wood, support bars can either be nailed to which the step will then be attached, or recesses can be cut into the bowstring (no more than 1/2 the thickness of the board), into which the step boards are inserted.

On the stringers

A staircase on stringers can also be of a simple design - with open supports. In this case, triangles are cut at the required angle in the upper part of the board. Their lower part serves as a support for the steps.

When cutting the stringer, set aside the height of the step and the width of the tread. They are connected at right angles. Using the applied markings, a template is made, with which all steps are marked.

The number of stringers in a staircase depends on its width and the thickness of the boards used for the steps. The thinner the board for the steps, the more often you need to install stringers. If you use 25 mm boards, then there should be a distance of no more than 50-60 cm between the two supports. If you need a larger staircase width and don’t want to install three stringers, use thicker boards. It is important that they do not bend under your feet.

If you decide to weld a ladder on stringers from metal, you will need to be patient: you will have to weld many small sections, but the formation principle is the same.

Methods of fastening parts

The lower edge of the porch stairs can sometimes rest directly on the ground. This option is simple, but unreliable. Firstly, the soil may settle and the stairs will begin to collapse. Secondly, upon contact with the ground, both wood and metal are destroyed faster. There are special impregnations for wood (Senezh and Senezh Ultra, for example), and metal is well prepared with a primer and painted in several layers. However, it is better to make a base - pour a shallow tape on which the bowstrings or stringers will rest.

There are two ways to attach a porch ladder to a reinforced concrete base - to a beam - a beam with a cross-section of at least 75 * 75 mm or to an embedded beam of a smaller cross-section (pictured on the left).

Difficulties may also arise with the installation of porch posts. There are several ways. There is one very simple and effective one that works great even on heaving soils (clays and loams). Holes 50-60 cm deep are dug under the pillars. A bucket and a half of sand is poured into them at the bottom and compacted well. Half a bucket of crushed stone is poured on top of the sand and compacted too. They put up a pole, level it, put spacers that will hold it in a given position. The space between the wall of the hole and the pillar is gradually filled with crushed stone, tamping it thoroughly. The hole is filled flush with the ground, the top can be concreted (so that precipitation does not drain), but not spilled to the very bottom. Pillars installed in this way do not lead even with severe heaving. A significant part of the water goes into the sand, and the remaining forces of frost heaving are absorbed by the rubble, neutralizing them.

If piles, a strip foundation or a monolithic slab are poured under the pillars of the porch, or a columnar base is laid, then studs or special glasses are walled into the concrete to secure the wooden posts. After the concrete has matured, the rack bars are attached to them with wood grouse or bolts.

If the racks are metal, a corner with a wall thickness of at least 3-4 mm is placed in the concrete so that it can be easily welded to it later.

When building a wooden porch with your own hands, questions may arise about attaching the railings and balusters. They can be assembled using ordinary nails, but if desired, you can use bolts or wood grouse. In this case, holes are pre-drilled, then fasteners are installed in them and tightened using an angle wrench. Such a connection is certainly more reliable than simply using nails.

If the porch is attached to a freshly cut wooden house, in which the shrinkage has not yet been completed, and the design of the porch provides for a canopy, the posts must be attached to special adjustable plates.

Please note that both the metal and wood that you will use to build the porch require careful processing. The porch is exposed to all climatic influences and the materials require good protection.

Monolithic concrete stairs

The most durable stairs are made of monolithic concrete. They take longer to manufacture than metal or wood ones, but their service life is calculated in decades. The types of concrete stairs are described in detail in the video. The basics of calculation are also given.

How to make a concrete staircase on stringers with your own hands, see the following video.

Wooden porch

A wooden porch is one of the most common options in our country. Wood is plastic, easy to process, costs relatively little (in our country), and forgives many mistakes. That is why it is a favorite building material.

It also has disadvantages: it requires good protection before construction begins (antibacterial impregnations and fire retardants), as well as regular maintenance - updating the protective paint coating. Then it looks attractive for a long time, otherwise it quickly loses its decorative effect.

One of the options for building a wooden porch with a ladder on bowstrings can be seen in the video. Please note that the porch is being built on sandy soil, so the method used to install the pillars is not suitable for everyone. Everything else is clear.

Brick porch

Since brick is a dense and heavy material, a brick porch requires a serious foundation. Usually this is a monolithic slab, with double reinforcement and it is better if it is larger in size than the planned porch.

When calculating the parameters of the steps, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the brick and the thickness of the seam between them. Then the laying work will be easier - no need to cut the brick. If you are not going to cover the porch, use high-quality material for the outer rows. The inner rows - backfilling - can be made from scrap or building blocks and their remains.

Brick porch with wooden steps

If the house is on a high plinth, making a monolithic brick porch is too expensive. Then the columns or walls are folded, leaving empty space inside. It can then be used for household purposes or covered with decorative panels. If an upper platform is needed, these columns/walls are covered from above with a concrete slab - homemade or ready-made - this is your choice. Then a staircase is attached to the resulting base. It doesn't have to be brick. It can be metal, concrete or a combination.

Photo report: wooden porch on a metal frame

A theory is just a theory, and in construction too. You always understand the essence of the matter better if you observe the process yourself, because you can see how others do it and learn something for yourself.

At the request of the parents, an exact copy of the old porch was made. The only difference is that the new one has a welded metal frame.

In place of the demolished porch, a pit with a depth of 25 cm was dug. Sand was poured and compacted into layers at the bottom, crushed stone was placed on it - 10 cm each. A metal mesh with a mesh of 10 cm was laid on top and the whole thing was filled with concrete.

A metal frame was welded according to the previous dimensions of the porch (from a 70*5 mm corner). The sidewalls are set vertically and secured with studs. Next, the base for the benches is welded to them. All metal is treated with a rust converter, primed and painted twice.

The wood used for construction was dry. Planed boards were cut to size (the width of the porch) and treated with impregnation for direct contact with the ground.

We lay the dried boards on the frame. You have to drill a hole for each fastener - you can’t just take a corner.

At this stage, two mistakes were made at once. The first is that the sheathing did not start from the sides. They immediately began laying the steps. As a result, water constantly flows into the joints of the side paneling and steps and warps the wood. It is necessary to start the cladding from the sides, and make the steps a little longer so that they protrude beyond the side cladding by at least a couple of centimeters. The second mistake is that the boards on the porch are laid close to each other. With high humidity they swell and the surface becomes uneven. When laying porch sheathing, make gaps of at least 5-8 mm.

After all the boards are secured, they are sanded. First, with a belt sander with a coarse grain, then with a disk sander with a fine grain. The process is long. At the same time, the task of removing the green color of the impregnation is being solved. It is not covered even by three layers of tint.

After sanding, we begin painting. We apply it three times. Each layer after the previous one has completely dried. The resulting color is dark mahogany.

While the paint dries completely, we begin making the benches. We cut boards for them, grind down an oblique chamfer (for beauty), and cover them with impregnation.

We make the backs with a small decor - rounded edges.

We saw along the marked lines with a jigsaw, then sanded to a smooth edge.

The sides are covered with plywood, which was painted the same color. The porch is ready.

Do-it-yourself finished wooden porch - side view

DIY brick and concrete porch: photo

The walls of the staircase landing were pre-built from brick, on top of which a monolithic concrete slab was poured. Along the edge, a frame of corners is embedded into it so that the stairs and railings can be welded.

Porch plan: how everything should look

From a corner 70*70*5 mm we cut blanks of the required length. After which we treat them with a rust converter. We start cooking after the reaction has stopped and the metal has dried.

We welded the first metal string.

The finished sidewall was attached to the concrete base with two pins.

Attaching to a concrete support support

We cook the second string in the same way and secure it. When working, make sure that the two bowstrings are in the same plane.

We begin to weld the support bars. Here it is important to constantly monitor the horizontality so that the steps are not oblique.

We weld transverse pieces of the corner to the support bars to form a shelf.

The corners are welded so that they form a frame. We put a piece of slate in it. We lay out a reinforcing metal mesh on the slate. We weld the edges of the mesh to the frame.

We pour concrete into the prepared steps. We make it high-quality so that the steps do not wear out longer.

While the concrete gains strength, we begin to work on the posts that will support the canopy over the porch. For them we take a profiled pipe 70*40*3 mm. We cut four columns from it. Two are slightly longer - they will be near the wall of the house, two are 15 cm shorter - they stand on the outer edge of the porch, creating the necessary slope - so that the water and snow melt off normally. For railings and crossbars we use profiled pipe 40*40 mm.

All metal is also treated with a rust converter.

First we set up the racks, grab them, install temporary stops

To avoid lateral stresses, it is important to position the racks strictly vertically. We set them up, grab them, use short seams in several places, and check again whether they are positioned correctly. We weld the temporary stops and only after the next check we weld them according to all the rules.

Once all the posts are aligned and welded, you can assemble the railings. At the required height they are fixed strictly horizontally.

Then we proceed to install the roof. We also cook it from a 40*40 mm profile pipe. First, strapping around the perimeter - at the level of the shorter posts, then - the rest of the structure. It's not complicated, but it takes a lot of time - a lot of intersections.

Then it was time to do the railings and decorations. And again, there are no difficulties, it can be done easily if desired.

That's it, the porch is ready for finishing work. Rough tiles for outdoor use were purchased for the steps and landing. The sidewall of the monolithic slab was also trimmed with it.

The metal was painted with paint that matched the tone, and the corrugated sheeting left over from the installation of the roof was used on the roof. The DIY porch turned out pretty good.

Photo ideas for porch design

Porch to a wooden bathhouse or cottage - a staircase made of logs

Porch covered with WPC - wood-polymer composite

In most existing houses (with the exception of semi-basements and basements), the mark of the finished floor of the lower floor, that is, the zero mark, is located at a distance of at least 40 cm from the ground surface. In order to get into the house you need a staircase, over which it is logical to install a canopy or canopy to protect the extension and people from rain and snow. All these elements are combined into a single structure - the porch. The easiest way to build a porch for a country house is from wood, but other materials can also be used. It doesn’t matter what you decide to buy or build a porch for your house with your own hands, projects and photos will help you choose the appropriate option.

Wooden porch with mini-veranda Source cokee.org

The main types of porch designs

Along with its functional purpose, the porch also serves as an additional decoration of the house. As a result, there are quite a large number of types of designs, but basically the division is based on the type of placement of the porch relative to the house - it can be:

built-in; when some part of the house in its middle or one of the corners is allocated for its placement, and the structure of the stairs and landing rests on the common foundation of the house;

speaking; when it is located outside the perimeter of the external walls, representing a free-standing extension; such a structure rests on its own foundation; in some cases, it can rest on metal or reinforced concrete consoles, specially installed in the foundation during the construction of the house.

Video description

Examples of various options for making a porch in the video:

What materials can a porch be made from?

Before you build a porch in a wooden house, you first need to decide what is best to make it from, because the design and material from which the porch is made must match the appearance of the facade of the house. Of course, for a wooden house, a wooden porch is best suited, but if brick cladding is used or the base is lined with stone, then the appropriate porch will be suitable - brick or stone. The most commonly used materials for constructing porches:

• reinforced concrete;

  brick, cinder block or solid stone blocks;

  metal (for constructing load-bearing frames).

Also, combined options are often found Source houzz.dk

What types of stairs are there?

A porch staircase usually rests on a square or rectangular platform that is level with the floors of the house. The area can be simple with a minimum area of ​​2 to 4 m² or expanded and have additional space for placing flowers or creating a small outdoor seating area.

Sometimes, at the level of the top of the basement of a country house, a gallery is installed, which can adjoin the house on one side or encircle it on several sides. The porch can be part of such a gallery. If the porch has more than three steps, be sure to install a railing that turns into a fence for the site.

The steps of the porch can be adjacent to the site:

on one side (parallel to the facade);

on both sides (perpendicular to the facade);

on three sides (combining the 2 previous options); a special case is semicircular steps and a platform.

Open and closed porch

The porch can be open or closed. The open one has only light fencing in the form of railings. The closed one has protection installed along its entire height from the floor to the visor. It can be made either solid or in the form of glazing. Which of these types is preferable depends on the taste of the owner and the design project of the country house.

Enclosed porch with panoramic glazing Source beton-stroyka.ru

On the one hand, a glazed porch provides additional protection from wind, rain, heat loss, protects the structures of the steps and landing from adverse atmospheric influences, and prevents “uninvited guests” from entering the house. On the other hand, it requires additional costs for glazing, additional doors, and grilles.

In our catalog, you can get acquainted with the most popular companies providing suburban construction and site development, among the houses presented at the exhibition is Low-Rise Country.

When the porch area is expanded and it is planned to use it for recreation, glazing will greatly interfere with unity with nature. In this case, it is better to choose an open porch. Also, an open porch sometimes looks preferable to a closed one from an aesthetic point of view, especially if the glazing is made of plastic windows.

Options for constructing a porch for a house

If the porch is made for a wooden house, then it is logical to use wood as the material. The supporting frame in this case is made of wooden elements, which are suitable for use as flat beams of square or rectangular cross-section with a minimum width of 50 mm (50 x 50, 100 x 50, 100 x 100). With the stringer type, three stitched boards with a thickness of at least 30 mm can be used as an inclined beam (the total width of the stringer will be about 90 mm).

You can use rounded logs as stringers and steps. Source beton-stroyka.ru

Porch for a log house

If a country house is built from chopped logs, its porch can be built in the same style. This log porch will have log walls and board steps. Depending on the span (width of the stairs), the thickness of the board for the horizontal part of the step (tread) should be chosen so that it is not unsteady and does not bend under a load of less than 150 kg. This can be checked by placing three fifty-kilogram bags of cement on it in the middle, one on top of the other.

The diameter of the logs must correspond to the diameter of the logs from which the house is built. The basis for the side walls can be concrete columns, buried in the ground below the depth of its freezing and protruding above the surface to a height of 15-20 cm. The length of the logs should coincide with the length of the horizontal projection of the platform and stairs. The logs are stacked one on top of the other to the required height. If the porch is being built at the same time as the house, its ends facing the wall can be cut into it.

Massive porch made of chopped logs on a concrete pad Source: seattlehelpers.org

Otherwise, they are fastened to the wall and to each other from the inside using corners, brackets, strips, etc. After laying and securing the logs, stepping back from the wall to the length of the platform, from above they begin cutting down vertical and horizontal sections for future treads and risers of the stairs . It is unlikely that you can buy a porch of this type for a country house made of metal ready-made. In most cases, this work is done to order and individually.

Porch for a timber bath

If there is a bathhouse on the site with a floor located above the surface of the ground, its entrance can also be decorated with a porch. Making such a porch from timber for a bathhouse would be the best option. You can make a frame from timber with rectangular or inclined (stringers) elements. It is also easy to fold the side walls from the timber and cut out places in them for the supports of the steps.

A timber porch is most often made together with a veranda Source: seattlehelpers.org

Nuances of staircase arrangement

Treads and risers of a wooden staircase can be fixed to horizontal and vertical frame elements. Such a system most often requires side cladding and protection, as a result of which an internal closed cavity is formed under the steps. It is necessary to provide the possibility of access to such a cavity for its regular cleaning and inspection of the technical condition of structures.

Also, the steps are installed on special inclined beams - stringers. Stringers can be made from rolled metal beams - I-beams, channels, or wood.

Option with a combination of materials Source ar.pinterest.com

It is not recommended to use solid beams or logs as stringers. It is better if the stringers are made of 2-3 boards, sewn together using screws or nails. This design is more resistant to bending stresses arising in an inclined beam.

The design of the staircase on stringers, on one side, rests on a platform with load-bearing horizontal support beams, which must also be metal or wood. The beams, in turn, rest on the walls.

In the area where the stringers and beams meet, vertical supports are installed. Such supports must have their own supporting platforms and can be made of brick in the form of columns with section dimensions of 380 x 380 mm (1.5 bricks) or metal pipes with a diameter of 150-200 mm. On the opposite side of the beam, the platforms are supported on the wall using anchor bolts or brackets. The structure on stringers is most often made open at the bottom with the absence of continuous cladding under the steps.

Open staircase on stringers Source forumhouse.ru

Before use, all wooden elements must be impregnated with antiseptics to protect against rot and mold, and also treated with fire retardants for fire safety. Metal parts are treated with agents that prevent corrosion, and are also protected with paint and varnish coatings, which may include bitumen varnish (black), red lead (red-brown) or chromium oxide (green) on natural drying oil.

Video description

A few more options for stairs in the video:

Base for stairs or when a porch needs a foundation

The upper side of the staircase is adjacent to the wall of the house, and the lower side rests on the ground. To prevent damage to materials, depending on the weight of the staircase, its lower part is installed on a support platform or a full-fledged foundation.

Bulk support platform

Lightweight porches in the form of a spatial metal frame made from a rolled angle, sheathed with wooden boards, can be built according to a foundationless scheme, resting on one side on a system of anchor bolts installed in the wall of the house, and on the other side on a supporting platform.

To prepare such a platform, you need to dig a pit in the ground at the support site with a width corresponding to two widths of the staircase treads. Its length should be no less than the width of the flight of stairs, and its depth should be 20-25 cm from the ground surface.

This pit should be filled with crushed stone in layers no more than 5 cm thick with layer-by-layer compaction. After filling the crushed stone, a flat asphalt concrete platform is arranged on top.

Light porch without foundation Source: seattlehelpers.org

Monolithic support platform

Another way to construct a porch staircase in a private house, its steps and platforms, is to use monolithic reinforced concrete. After installing the inclined and horizontal beams, the formwork is sequentially installed for each of the steps, starting from the first, and filled with concrete of class B20-B25, (M250-M300). In this case, the stringers can be hidden in the body of the concrete.

Reinforcement of the step itself is carried out in the inclined lower part with a mesh with cell sizes of no more than 12 x 12 cm from rods with a diameter of at least 10 mm. The riser (vertical part) is reinforced with the same mesh. A mesh with 10 x 10 cm cells made of reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm should be installed in the upper horizontal part. A protective layer of concrete more than 1 cm thick must be provided between the reinforcement and the outer surface of the product.

Arrangement of a monolithic platform for a porch Source stroy-okey.ru

The reinforcement is connected to each other exclusively with binding wire without the use of welding, so as not to disrupt the molecular bonds in the metal.

Separate foundation for the porch

Brick, cinder block or natural stone blocks are also used as a base for steps. Sloping walls are made of brick or stone with supporting horizontal and vertical sections in the upper part, coinciding with the dimensions of the treads (horizontal parts) and risers (vertical parts) of the steps. For such a construction of steps, it is necessary to use strip foundations with the base laid below the depth of soil freezing (1.5-2.0 m). The steps themselves can be made of wood or reinforced concrete.

It is good if the foundation of the porch is completed simultaneously with the foundation of the house. It is not recommended to rigidly connect the foundation of the protruding porch to the foundation of the house, since uneven deformations of the soil base due to unequal loads in the steps and the platform may cause defects in the form of distortions and cracks.

Heavy porch on foundation Source misterdver.ru

Types and types of visors

Porch canopies can vary in several ways:

by geometric shape;

by material;

according to the method of fastening to the facade.

Canopies can be single-pitched, double-pitched, in the form of a profile, which is the surface of a segment of a ball or ellipse, cut along the diameter into 4 parts. Gable canopies, triangular or arched, form a small pediment in their central part.

It is better to choose a single-pitched canopy for a porch with steps perpendicular to the facade, and for steps installed parallel to the facade - a gable one.

Depending on the coating material, visors can be:

metal - from galvanized sheet metal roofing or profiled sheeting;

plastic - made of durable plastic of different colors and profiles - smooth, wavy, etc.; the color of the plastic can vary from transparent to a wide variety of colors, from which it is easy to choose a shade to match the facade of the house;

wavy asbestos slate - regular or painted with polymer compounds to increase its strength and durability.

The canopies are secured to the facade using anchor bolts embedded in the wall.

Attaching the canopy to the wall - Option 1 Source strojbum.ru

Attaching the canopy to the wall - Option 2 Source: seattlehelpers.org

The external canopies of the porches are usually supported in the corners adjacent to the facade on metal or wooden triangular brackets, and in the corners far from the facade - on pillars, which can be wooden, metal or very rarely brick. In addition to supporting supports, they also perform a decorative function, as they can be finished and decorated in a wide variety of ways.

There are porches in which the canopy is the ceiling of the balcony above, decorated in the same style as the porch.

Design and original ideas

Wood is a very convenient and easily processed material, therefore it can be used for the most free design solutions for decorating a wooden house. A wooden porch can be decorated with various carved elements of cornices and pediments. Wood can be used to make turned and carved pillars that support the canopy and balusters (vertical posts of the railing), as well as the railing itself. An interesting porch for a wooden house will be obtained if you use wicker mats made of reeds, wicker or willow twigs for fencing. A porch for a country house made of metal is suitable for almost any building; buy in this option both a classic design option without frills and beautiful products with hand-forged fences with floral or abstract ornaments.

Video description

A selection of beautiful and original solutions on video:

And a few examples in the photo:

Budget, but beautiful and neat porch Source: landscapetnik.com

Glazed porch with small staircase Source ko.decorexpro.com

There are no unnecessary details in this project - simple and tasteful Source pinterest.ru

A beautiful house has a beautiful entrance Source m.yandex.com

Despite its simplicity, creating such a veranda requires precise calculations Source koces.trybahen.ru.net

Option to mask the space under the steps Source olestnicah.ru

Here the steps and veranda fit very harmoniously into the overall exterior Source realestateinsalmon.com

An original solution - instead of the usual steps at the door, there is a full-fledged open veranda in front of the entrance Source klindeck.ru

You can’t install such a porch right away in a house on stilts - you have to wait until the shrinkage process of the log house is completed. Source idachi.ru

A practical, modern and inexpensive option for an open veranda protected from the sun Source www.vorota-lepta.ru

Very beautiful decoration of the porch, plus night lighting of the steps Source olestnicah.ru

The original design of a path for a double-sided porch Source pinterest.com

What the porch of your home should look like depends only on your financial capabilities, taste, and ability to listen to the advice of designers, architects and planners. If there is such an opportunity, it is worth trying to model the house along with the porch in some computer design program. This approach makes it possible to most consciously choose the appropriate type of porch and the materials from which it will be made.

The fashion for non-standard architectural forms is returning. And every home owner wants to give his mansion unusualness and originality. This can be done by building a porch. This architectural element will add elegance to the entrance group of the house, enliven the overall appearance of the building, and also serve as protection from snow and rain.

But what type of extension should you choose so that it fits harmoniously into the exterior of the mansion? We will look at what size, shape, configuration, type and style a porch can be in this article. And photos from our gallery will clearly demonstrate the most worthy options for the porch of a country house.

The design and purpose of the porch

The veranda for the home has become such a common household item that few people think about its role. The main purpose of the extension is to make visiting the home more comfortable for a person.

Since the porch is the center of the building’s facade, it needs to be made as attractive as possible. It is often erected after the construction of the house, so care should be taken to ensure that it matches the style of the mansion. For this purpose, a project for the porch of a country house is being drawn up.

On a note: The more harmonious the overall picture is, the more worthy the veranda itself will look.

Photo of the front porch of a private house - classic design

Types of extensions

Modern types of porches for the home are elegant and comfortable structures, built from modern building materials, which decorate the entrance to the home, making it original and functional. Extensions can be classified into several categories.

Size

The first thing to consider when drawing up a design for porches for country and village houses, cottages, and small dachas is their size. It is determined by the dimensions of the mansion, as well as building regulations (minimum width is 150 cm, length - 180 cm). For a small house, a small porch of a simple configuration that matches it in style and proportions is suitable.

Small extension with neat semicircular steps

A medium-sized concrete structure will fit a standard house. Its height is selected individually, based on the dimensions of the mansion.

Openwork metal forged porch

A luxurious mansion has a large porch. It can be low (with a staircase of only 1-3 steps) and located along the entire length of the wall of the house.

A large terrace for a wooden house is a great place to relax

Advice: Having calculated the optimal dimensions of the extension, they are included in the construction plan.

If the building is located on uneven terrain, for a convenient approach to it, a porch of the house with a high base is built. Since the platform is located at a certain height, a staircase with a large number of steps should lead to it, equipped with railings for safe walking along it.

High entrance porch of a private house, photo

On a high porch, rounded columns will not be out of place. These will serve as supports to support the canopy over the outer door.

Advice: With the help of design techniques, columns can be turned into decorative elements that decorate the front entrance of the house, giving it style and respectability.

High front porch made of concrete with columns

Form

If we evaluate this design from an aesthetic point of view, then it is almost impossible to find two identical porches. Today you can find verandas of various shapes:

• rectangular;
• square;
• trapezoidal;
• semicircular;
• round;
• asymmetrical.

Please note: The shape of the porch is selected individually, in accordance with the overall design of the facade. Square and rectangular extensions have clear lines and give the house rigor and neatness, while round extensions add softness and warmth.

Rectangular and square views of the porch of a private house, photo

The semicircular porch looks unusual and unique. With this simple technique, a mansion can be made more original. The photo below shows a semicircular porch to a brick house.

On a note: It is not at all necessary that the entire structure has the shape of a circle - a rounded canopy or steps with rounded edges is enough.

Add spice to the architecture of the cottage by adding a semicircular porch, photo

A non-standard solution would also be a corner design. A round porch located on the corner of a rectangular house looks very impressive.

The side circular design accentuates the building's exterior

A corner street extension can be not only round, but also trapezoidal or triangular in shape. The complex geometry of the structure should not be dissonant with the main structure, but create a single concept with it.

An example of an original corner porch of a private house, photo

Placement in relation to the house

Porches can be located differently in relation to the mansion. This way you can build an attached structure - a horizontal platform with steps located in front of the entrance to the house.

Attached design for a summer house with a semicircular canopy

The built-in porch, which has a common roof with the house, looks elegant. Such a combined extension should create a single architectural ensemble with the mansion and the adjacent plot.

A cozy inner veranda can be used as a place to relax

Materials

When developing a porch design, you can choose any materials that match the style of the house, from traditional (wood and natural stone) to more modern (concrete, metal, brick).

Type

In construction, there are several structural types of porches. An open structure is an extension with a small platform, not equipped with a canopy or railings. This design is used in places that are used mainly in the summer (for example, in the country).

Advice: Open-type structures should not be built in areas where precipitation occurs frequently.

Open porch with semicircular granite steps

A structure equipped with a roof or canopy is a covered structure. It has no walls, only railings that protect the extension from the street.

Outdoor covered structure

A structure with walls or glass panels and a canopy is called enclosed. The room is a full-fledged veranda, can have lighting and heating and be used as a gazebo.

Original glass enclosed porch of a brick house, photo

A type of closed extension is a porch with a vestibule. This is a small-area design that provides a comfortable microclimate in the home.

On a note: vestibule - a transition zone on the border with the street, protecting housing from the cold.

Photo of a closed porch to a house like a vestibule

A popular type of extension is a porch-veranda. It is a place for leisure and recreation, and can be closed or open.

Enclosed polycarbonate porch - modern design

A wooden veranda will be a harmonious addition to a cottage made of natural wood. And if the extension is closed, it will only improve the thermal insulation of the mansion.

Small closed porch of a wooden house, photo

If the mansion has more than one floor, then you can connect the porch to the balcony. In this case, the connecting element can be columns. In the same way, you can combine the platform with a bay window - the protruding part of the second floor.

Porch with bay window under the balcony

A spacious porch-terrace can be used as a place to relax. The large area can accommodate a table, chairs and even sun loungers.

An open terrace with a porch is located under a common roof with the house

An option for a non-traditional design design is a mini gazebo on the terrace. With the help of plants and comfortable furniture, the structure can be made more comfortable.

Round porch-gazebo

Extensions may differ not only in purpose and design, but also in the design of the staircase. A staircase with one flight is considered standard, but there are other varieties.

Staircase with flight on two sides

Exit to the site can even be organized from three sides, and the staircase itself can be semicircular or complex geometric in shape.

Note: the canopy and railings not only perform practical functions, but also serve as elements of decoration and design of the entrance group of the mansion.

Beautiful staircase built in a semicircle

Stylistics

In order for the extension to harmonize with the house, it is better to think through its design in advance. Thus, a stone structure can be designed in the style of a medieval fortress. For its design, facing stone and forging can be used.

Play with contrasts - decorate the stone structure with fresh flowers

Adherents of strict lines and symmetry will like the classic design of the extension in the European style. Its components are a glass door, openwork grilles, and many flowers.

An extension created in the best European traditions

How to make a veranda for a wooden Finnish house? The design of the porch of a wooden house in the Scandinavian style provides for a symmetrical facade with a porch of a simple design (with a canopy and stairs). And when designing and finishing it, they try to preserve the texture of natural wood.

Neat extension in Finnish style

The porch of a wooden village house can be decorated in the Russian style. For this, logs and carved parts are used.

Russian style - types of porch of a wooden house, photo

How to build a porch and what design to choose

The main parameter by which the type and configuration of the extension is chosen is its combination with the mansion. Everything needs to be planned out at the design stage. To prevent the structure from sagging, it must be built on a strong and reliable foundation (according to all SNIP standards). A canopy is erected for protection from bad weather. Thus, the porch of a mansion is not only an important architectural element, but also a relaxation and comfort area.

Bottom line

The porch, like a business card of the house, can be of any configuration and size. The most important thing is that the structure protects the mansion from cold and bad weather, and also creates an overall harmonious architectural ensemble with it.