How to make insulated floors by hand. How to insulate floors in a private house with your own hands. The easiest way to have a beautiful front lawn

It happens that the house, despite the excellent performance of the heating system, is still cool. This indicates that the room is losing heat. To restore a comfortable stay in the house, it is necessary to take measures and insulate the floors.

Peculiarities

Often in a wooden or brick house with thick ceilings you feel cold coming from somewhere below. High-quality thermal insulation will not only cost the home owner cheap, but will also allow you to achieve maximum comfort in your home.

Advantages of using floor insulation systems in a private home:

• Coolant losses will be significantly reduced, therefore, savings will be noticeable Money;
• If you insulate the floor, the area of ​​the premises will be heated evenly;
• Increased comfort in previously cold rooms;

• Bottom part the rooms will become much warmer;
• There will be no dryness in the air. Newest technologies will delay heat flow in the apartment;
• There will be more free space, since the use of heating systems minimizes the number of radiators;
• The heating process occurs faster, heat transfer increases;
• Such systems have a long service life.

Types of insulation

All insulation materials can be divided into two categories: technological and using heat insulating materials.Technological types are divided into electric floors and water heating. Electric floors include infrared film, heating mats and heating copper cables, and for water heating - a pipeline system with water coolant.

Insulation materials that use heat-insulating materials also come in several varieties:

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

It includes natural ingredients(wood). Produced by pressing using wood chips (sawdust) and adhesive ingredients.

There are four varieties:

• OSB-1. The moisture resistance of this modification is quite low - less than 20%. This brand is intended for interior work and contains a minimum amount of harmful substances in the adhesive;
• OSB-2. Differs more robust construction and is used for covering elements of a dry room, because in a damp structure such material will be harmful to the human body;
• OSB-3 and OSB-4. They are distinguished by the greatest resistance to humidity and increased loads, but are the most toxic materials in this line.

But, despite the danger of such material, its use is quite often practiced not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Advantages of using this material:

• Saving money. The cost of such products is quite low;
• Easy to install. This material is very easy to cut and attach. It is lightweight, so there will be no special problems with its transportation;
• Long service life;
• Widespread use. This material has found application in wall cladding, roofing and flooring;
• Correct installation– a guarantee of resistance to a variety of hazards: corrosion, moisture, the appearance of microorganisms.

Mineral wool

According to regulatory documents, this material includes glass wool, slag wool and stone wool.

Glass wool fibers are tiny: the thickness is from 5 to 15 microns, and the length reaches only 50 mm. This structure allows it to be quite strong and elastic. When working with this material you need to be extremely careful - various dangerous situations may arise. For example, inhaling glass dust can damage your lungs, and if glass filaments break, there is a high probability of getting them on your skin and eyes.

Fibers produced from slag, or slag wool, have the quality of residual acidity. This has a negative effect on metal surfaces in damp areas. The material absorbs moisture well and is quite fragile. Not suitable for insulation of plastic and metal water pipes.

Stone wool differs from slag wool in that it is not prickly, so working with such material is much safer. Its most common variety is basalt wool, which has best characteristics, and does not contain any mineral or binding components. It can be formed into rolls or sheets, or stuffed into mats. When heated above permissible temperature it doesn't burn, it just melts.

Pros of using mineral wool:

• Excellent sound insulation;
• Low cost;
• Long service life;
• The ability to achieve maximum effect when waterproofing the base material;
• Used for major repairs and construction of buildings.

Expanded polystyrene

This material is produced using natural or carbon dioxide, as well as polystyrene and styrene copolymers. Most of this material is used for insulation and is the most popular in this area.

This product is divided into several types: pressless, pressed and extruded. Pressless is characterized by many heterogeneous structures. Absorbs moisture well. Marking: PSB S-X, where X is the designation of the density of the product.

Pressed has sealed pores, due to which it is considered a reliable and high-quality thermal insulation material. It becomes dense and quite durable. Marked with the letters PS.

Extruded, or penoplex, is similar in structure to pressed polystyrene foam, but its pores are much smaller. Marking – EPPS (XPS-X). The second letter X indicates its density.

The following positions can be distinguished from the distinctive qualities of this material:

• Thermal conductivity. Penoplex has the best thermal conductivity indicators. The denser the material, the higher this indicator. Therefore, the lion's share of consumers choose penoplex insulation.
• Vapor permeability. This characteristic varies in the range of 0.019-0.015 kg/ (m*h*Pa), whereas in polystyrene foam it is practically zero.
• Moisture permeability. At full immersion Absorption into water of pressless insulation occurs in an amount of 4% of the volume of the material, and of the extruded version - 0.4%.
• A product with medium or high density also has high strength characteristics.
• Expanded polystyrene does not collapse when exposed to substances such as soap, soda, fertilizers, lime, and cement. Damage can be caused using turpentine, acetone, drying oil, some alcohols, varnishes, and petroleum refining substances.

Advantages of the product when used:

• Low thermal conductivity. For example: if you use polystyrene foam with a thickness of 120 mm, its thermal conductivity characteristics will correspond to a brick thickness of 210 cm or wood of 45 cm;
• Light product weight. This material is convenient to use, since its low weight allows it to be mounted and transported without outside help;
• Waterproof. This material can be used as a waterproofing component, because it is resistant to moisture;
• Resistance to deformation loads. The product has excellent compressive strength parameters. This allows it to be used for insulation and waterproofing under floor screed;
• Resistance to temperature changes. Products made from polystyrene foam are resistant to cold and high temperatures;
• Easy installation. An ordinary user can install, process the edges or trim part of the material; it is enough to have a knife at hand;
• Low cost and reducing heat costs.

Styrofoam

This insulation is a foam structure containing air (98%) and polystyrene (2%).

In the process of thermal insulation, several types of foam are considered suitable: polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene.

For domestic needs, polystyrene foam is most often used.

According to its form and structure, it can be divided into:

• Sheet. Refers to universal types insulation, since it can be used for thermal insulation of walls, ceilings and floors. The dimensions of polystyrene foam of this modification can be varied;
• In the form of balls. Used as backfill in various cavities;
• Liquid. Another name for this insulation is penoizol. The purpose is the same as the previous type of foam.

There are many advantages of its use: versatility, ease of installation, light weight, low cost, hypoallergenic and long service life.

Izolon

Is one of the latest developments in the construction industry, allowing you to maintain the comfort and warmth of your home.

There are two main groups of such material: isolon PPE and isolon NPE. Izolon PPE is a cross-linked polyethylene foam with a transverse structure, and PPE is an extruded version, which differs from the previous one in its molecular physics and non-cross-linked structure.

Advantages of this material:

• High quality thermal insulation. For comparison: the characteristics of a thermal insulation material 1 cm thick are equivalent to 1 layer brickwork, which allows you to save additional money free space;
• Availability of waterproofing properties;
• Protects against moisture and steam;
• High noise absorption rates;
• Strength;
• Resistance to chemical reagents;
• Long service life - over 100 years;
• Reusability;
• Elasticity and low weight characteristics.

The disadvantages of using this material include high cost, the need to comply with installation technology, compliance with storage requirements and careful transportation.

Penofol

This product is a roll material made of polyethylene foam with a layer of foil. The action of penofol is based on preventing convection due to polyethylene foam and increasing the parameters (up to 97%) of thermal reflection due to the presence of foil.

The varieties of this product can be distinguished by their markings, which are indicated by the letters:

• A. This modification of the insulation is equipped with an aluminum foil surface on only one side. Can be used together with other types of material.
• B. This version of penofol is used as an independent material for insulation. It has a layer of foil in its structure that covers both surfaces of the product.
• C. This category is easy to install, since it is equipped with a moisture-resistant self-adhesive surface on one side and a foil coating on the other.
• ALP. This type additionally has a plastic film on the foil surface.
• R and M. The product is distinguished by a relief surface with layers of foil applied to one side.
• Super NET. Used for thermal insulation of communications.
• AIR. It is used to create air exhaust structures.

Positive sides use of penofol:

• Ease;
• Easy installation;
• This is an environmentally friendly material;
• Fire resistance;
• Low vapor permeability;
• Low material cost.

The disadvantages of penofol insulation include its softness, since any insignificant pressure can lead to damage to the material, poor adhesion and high electrical conductivity (you need to be especially careful with electrical wiring, since aluminum conducts electricity well).

Expanded clay

This type of material is produced in granules with a diameter of up to 5 cm. Rejected elements are crushed. Thus, there are three types of expanded clay: granules, sand and fine gravel.

Advantages:

• Environmental cleanliness;
• Strength and durability;
• Resistance to temperature changes;
• Fire resistance;
• Excellent qualities thermal insulation and noise absorption;
• Affordable price.

The disadvantages include the amount required for good thermal insulation. There should be a layer of at least 50 cm of such material.

Expanded clay can be used to insulate floors made using concrete screed or boards on the ground, as well as on top of concrete. This material has also found application in insulating the underground of a private house, as an addition to waterproofing, in insulating the floor on loggias and first floors with unheated basements.

Right choice material for floor insulation country house should always be based on technical specifications products. They can be found on the product packaging.

Below are the parameters that you should pay attention to when purchasing material:

• Flammability coefficient. It is designated by the letter G. The most non-flammable material is marked G1. It ignites only upon direct contact with fire.
• Water absorption coefficient. The unit of measurement is percentage. The lower this indicator, the less moisture it can absorb. Consequently, the material will degrade less and retain its properties better.
• Coefficient of thermal conductivity. This indicator is responsible for thermal insulation premises. The lower it is, the warmer the room will be.

• Density. Indicates how much heavier the floor structure will become. The higher this indicator, the stronger the ceiling and subfloor should be.
• If the owner of the house plans not to spend too much on floor insulation, then you can use budget option. Extruded polystyrene foam is ideal for concrete floors. It is compatible with underfloor heating systems.
• Expanded clay can also be used for floor screed. It will last quite a long time and can be used in multi-story buildings.

There are a number of non-combustible insulation materials that have received worthy of attention among domestic buyers. The following brands are especially popular: Isover, Ursa, Knauf Insulation, Termolife.

Non-flammable insulation materials also include materials based on flax, basalt, coconut and jute.

Often a person, when doing a major renovation of a private house, thinks about insulating the veranda. But here you can also save on finances. For this you can use polystyrene foam and mineral wool. However, polystyrene foam tends to release life-threatening substances when burned - this should not be forgotten.

To make the room truly warm, do not forget about insulating the attic floor. For wooden ones, a bulk version of insulation is suitable - this will allow the roof to “breathe”. Heavy options in the form of slabs can be used by home owners if the ceiling is made of concrete, and for environmentally friendly pure materials You can use roll insulation.

Old houses that were built at the beginning of the 20th century are distinguished by the fact that they have an earthen floor. It is also possible to insulate it, but before that you need to sweep it thoroughly and compact it. Next - according to technology: waterproofing in several layers, insulation, finished floor. Foamed polyethylene can be used as insulation.

Thermal insulation of a wooden base

Insulation of wooden floors is usually carried out using mineral wool along the joists. The old wooden floor is removed. After inspecting the boards, it is necessary to remove the old paint, sand them and treat them with antiseptic substances. After they dry, you need to lay them horizontally.

Debris and dust from the rough base must be removed. Rotten logs need to be replaced, and the resulting structure needs to be treated with an antiseptic and allowed to dry. When laying dense polyethylene, it is advisable to insulate the joints with construction tape. Secure the waterproofing to the joists using a stapler.

Then you need to cut the mineral wool and lay it tightly between the joists. Next, you should provide a layer of vapor barrier over the entire structure, connect the joints with tape and secure with a stapler.

The next step will be laying the old boards and installing the baseboard. The protruding parts of the waterproofing must be cut off and then the coating must be painted.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene should begin with the removal finishing. Then you need to inspect the base and check its level. If the height difference exceeds 1.5 cm per linear meter, it is necessary to level the base.

Then you will need to remove debris and dust, as well as pour a cement screed of the required height and wait until it dries.

We cut out polystyrene foam and lay thick polyethylene. We connect the edges of the canvas with tape, place it on the walls and secure it.

The insulation must be laid in two layers. The first layer should be laid with ligation of vertical joints. The second - in the same way, only its location should be strictly above the seam of the first layer;

We install a reinforcing mesh with a post height of 3 cm. Prepare the mixture for the screed. We concrete the base in parts, smoothing the compartments with a trowel and checking the level, waiting for drying (this process usually takes a whole month). We carry out finishing work.

Insulation of concrete

The downside of a concrete floor is poor thermal insulation. Therefore, in this case it is necessary to use insulation.

Here are several ways to insulate a concrete floor in a dacha with your own hands:

• The concrete floor is covered with expanded clay, and a screed is poured on top of it;
• The mixture to create a screed is supplemented with fine-grained expanded clay or crushed polystyrene foam;
• You can lay another layer of insulation on top of the poured screed. To do this, it is necessary to mount the bars, and from the inside make a layer of the selected material for insulation. Then lay a layer of vapor barrier and cover the top with boards or plywood;
• Installation of any type of heated floor.

In order to make a heated floor in a country house, it is best to use the services of a specialist. But in order to save money, people spend their time and effort on this.

Below is given brief instructions for installing heated floors in your own home:

• First, let's prepare a place for the collector. It is necessary to control the temperature in the room.
• Preparation of roofing felt and other insulating materials - they will be required for the waterproofing layer. The first step is to roll them out onto the surface of the base. Laying should be done with an overlap of 10 cm.

The joints are glued together. To do this, you can use high temperature exposure or tape.

• Preparing the insulation layer. Typically high density foam is used. The layer should be at least 5 cm thick.
• The next stage is vapor barrier. Dense polyethylene film may well fit. Laying is done with an overlap of 10 cm, after which gluing is done with tape.
• A reflective film is placed on the resulting “pie” to direct the flow of thermal energy upward. A reinforcing mesh with cells 150x150 mm is placed on it.
• The heating pipe circuits with a maximum length of 80 m are laid on top of the reinforcing mesh.
• The pipes with the coolant must be secured using clamps to the mesh.
• Filling the finishing screed. Additionally, you can use a plasticizer - it will prevent the screed from cracking when heated.
• The final stage is laying damper tape and finishing coating around the perimeter of the room.

Errors

Below are some points that should not be allowed during the process of insulating floors:

• You cannot partially insulate a room if they require overhaul;
• If you have a conventional meter, it is unacceptable to use an infrared or water floor;

• Cheap materials in most cases are harmful to health. They can not only cause allergies in humans, but also lead to undesirable consequences;
• During the installation of a heated floor system, the heating circuits must not be kept empty while pouring the screed. There should be no heating;
• It is prohibited to use foam polystyrene and polystyrene foam to fill the space between beams in wooden building, which consists of several floors. When fastening the sheets, they are poorly insulated and therefore accessible to oxygen. Therefore, during the combustion process, fire can easily penetrate inside.

Properly insulated floors in the house are the key to comfortable living. It is worth thinking about this event at the stage of implementation construction work for the construction of your home. In this case, insulation can be carried out with minimal costs and a greater degree of convenience when creating a warm floor.

When purchasing housing on the secondary market, you will have to carry out insulation work in relation to the finished coating. In such situation technological process carrying out the work will be significantly more complicated.

Rules for floor insulation

When carrying out floor insulation work during construction work, the following rules must be followed:

1. If groundwater is located at a distance of less than two meters, waterproofing methods must be applied.

2. Laying the subfloor.

It should consist of layers:

• underlying;
• leveling;
• intermediate;
• insulating.

3. Laying a layer of thermal insulation.

4. Design of the finished floor.

Which can be made from:

• planed boards;
• Chipboards;
• OSB boards.

What and how to insulate floors?

The floors are insulated various materials, including:

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• expanded clay.

The mineral wool material has the property of excellent moisture absorption, due to which its rapid destruction occurs. To avoid this, it is necessary to lay waterproofing under the layer of this insulation.

In the world of modern technologies, it is possible to carry out floor insulation in three ways:

1. insulated screed method;
2. insulated wood flooring;
3. by using various systems and devices for underfloor heating.

Selection of insulating material

To make an objective choice of insulating material for floor insulation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself in advance with all the options offered by the market. Typically, polystyrene foam, mineral wool or expanded clay are used. Each material has many modifications with various properties and characteristics. Also, each of the above substances has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Polystyrene foam and expanded clay are the main insulation materials

Styrofoam– a convenient material for insulating floors. It is a white gas-filled polymer consisting of small foamed polystyrene particles. It consists of ninety-seven percent air, which is the best heat insulator. Has moisture-repellent properties. The manufacturer produces the material in the form of sheets, differing different characteristics in strength and thickness.

There are several varieties of foam, including:

• polyurethane foam;
• polyethylene foam;
• polypropylene foam.

The disadvantages of polystyrene foam are:

• inability to pass air;
• exposure mechanical damage, including as a result of rodent activity;
• ability to be destroyed under the influence of paints and varnishes.

Expanded clay is an oval glassy material Brown with a sintered shell.

It is produced in the form of:

• gravel;
• crushed stone;
• sand

The material is made by firing clay or shale, which begins to “swell” when exposed to high temperatures. Depending on the temperature regime chosen by the expanded clay manufacturer, it is possible to obtain a product of varying densities.

Main characteristics of expanded clay:

• granule size;
• hardness;
• layer density after filling;
• ratio of weight and volume.

The advantageous properties of expanded clay over other floor insulation materials are:

• thermal insulation characteristics;
• sound insulation;
• low cost.

Thermal insulation of the floor in an old house

When insulating the floor in a house that has already been built and put into operation, two options are possible:

1. With low ceilings, when an additional layer of building materials used will reduce the distance between the ceiling and the floor, it is necessary to completely remove the old floors. In some cases, even some deepening is carried out in order to improve the comfort of the home.
2. Overlaying elements of the new floor onto the old version.

Sequence of work

1. Carrying out a deepening with a decrease in the floor level relative to the original zero ground level.
2. Applying a layer of waterproofing.
3. Attaching the heat insulator.
4. Installation of rough and finishing floors.

Insulation of a wooden floor

To carry out insulation work in an old house with a wooden floor, it is necessary to check its strength. To do this, you need to remove several boards and evaluate the condition of the joists. If they are not rotten or damaged by rodents, then you can safely proceed to the stages of insulation.

Sequence of work:

1. Cover the floor surface with a waterproofing material, which can be used as:

• roofing felt;
• glassine

2. Apply to waterproofing wooden beams sixty centimeters thick and attach them to the surface of the old floor.

3. Fill the distance between the beams with heat-insulating material.

4. Lay the finished floor on the beams, which can be in the form of:

• edged boards;
• OSB slabs.

Thermal insulation of concrete base

In private homes, the base of the floor is often a concrete surface. If it is not insulated, then the temperature in the room with any heating method will not rise above thirteen degrees due to the fact that any heat will be absorbed by the concrete floor.

Sequence of work

When insulating a concrete floor, you need to follow the sequence of certain actions.

1. Cleansing concrete surface using a broom or vacuum cleaner.
2. Location of the waterproofing layer on the floor
3. Laying wooden joists in a perpendicular position relative to the intended direction of the main movement around the room

Floating floor insulation method

The design of a floating table consists of many layers of various building materials, between which there is no rigid fixation. The use of polystyrene foam as insulation is effective due to its excellent heat-retaining characteristics and ease of installation.

Sequence of work

1. Laying waterproofing on an old concrete floor.
2. Laying the insulating layer.
3. Applying a second layer of waterproofing.
4. The product of the screed is six centimeters thick.

Heated floor installation

Depending on the nature of the heat source, there are several options for heated floors.

Such as:

1. Water floor. It is the most economical option for insulation and heating due to the low installation costs. However, this type of floor insulation is prohibited in multi-storey buildings due to increased accident rates with potential flooding of the floors located below.
2. Floor with electrically heated belongs to the environmental category clean ways insulation and floor heating. Characterized by rapid heating of the floor and air in the room. As heating element an electrical cable is used.
3. Infrared heated floor easy to install and consists of laying thin film, which is a source of infrared radiation.

Insulating the floor in a house with a basement

Insulation of the entire house must begin from the basement. It is necessary, first of all, to prevent groundwater moisture vapor from destroying construction material, from which the house is made. Therefore, the main measures for carrying out insulation work will be waterproofing and vapor barrier. It is also important to ensure sufficient ventilation of the space under the ceiling.

Sequence of work

1. Security ventilation process to a sufficient extent.
   • Making ventilation holes in the part of the foundation that rises above the ground level. Total there must be at least four vents. Their location should be in different parts of the house. Ventilation is carried out due to the temperature difference, which ensures air movement.
2. Thermal insulation and waterproofing of soil.

Insulation of the floor in a house located on the ground

When the floor is located on the ground, the soil layer is influenced groundwater, due to which the moisture content in it increases. To insulate such a floor, it is important to provide adequate waterproofing for better heat retention in the house.

Sequence of work

1. Before starting insulation work, it is necessary to assess the location of the floor relative to ground level. It is also necessary to take into account the presence of a basement.
   • If the house has a basement, then it is necessary to lay a layer of thermal insulation thinner than if it does not exist, and above the waterproofing.
   • In the absence of a basement, thermal insulation is placed depending on the depth of groundwater.
2. Destroy vegetation.
3. Add crushed stone and gravel to the soil.
4. Lay a layer of sand to cover the previous laying level.
5. Make a concrete screed.
6. Apply a waterproofing layer, followed by a thermal insulation layer.
7. Cover all layers with cement screed, at least four centimeters thick.
8. Secure the screed with steel mesh.
9. Create a finished floor.

Insulation of floors between floors

between floors it is necessary to carry out only in the case when in the rooms located on both sides of the ceiling there are different temperature regime. This way insulation is suitable also for a house with an attic. The choice of insulating component depends on the method of its application, on joists or on floors.

Sequence of work

1. Laying a vapor barrier layer between joists or on slabs.
2. Fastening the insulation in such a way that there are no gaps between its sheets. In some cases, installation with overlapping seams is allowed.
3. Application of waterproofing material.
4. Laying the finished floor.

If there is an attic in the house as a non-residential space, a windproof structure is laid on top of the insulation.

How to insulate a floor in a country house?

A cold floor in a country house is the reason:

• the formation of black wet spots of rot on the walls;
• the appearance of a specific unpleasant odor deceit.

As a result of constant dampness in the cold season, building materials gradually deteriorate.

An insulated floor in a country house helps save on heating costs due to heat retention.

Sequence of work

1. Floor insulation begins in the basement due to the fact that heat loss through this room is up to twenty percent.
   • Cleaning the walls and floor of the basement from various types of dirt.
   • Full surface treatment chemicals in order to destroy fungus and mold.
   • Leveling by applying plaster.
   • Treatment with a primer that has moisture-protective characteristics.
   • Fastening the thermal insulation material using dowels or applying an adhesive composition to them.
2. Insulation of the floor in a country house.
   • Remove debris and dust from the floor surface using a broom or vacuum cleaner.
   • Elimination of traces and causes of wood damage.
   • Surface treatment with special chemicals that have antiseptic and moisture protection agents.
   • Fastening the insulation using glue and self-tapping screws.
   • Laying and fastening of vapor barrier film.
   • Exterior finishing work.
3. Insulation of the foundation. This procedure must be carried out with outside Houses.
   • Digging a trench around the perimeter of the house seventy centimeters deep.
   • Cleaning the foundation freed from the earth.
   • If necessary, carry out its restoration.
   • Covering the walls with a layer of waterproofing, which can be used as mastic, impregnation or roofing felt.
   • Fastening the insulation - polystyrene foam.
   • Filling the trench with sand to a depth of fifteen centimeters, and gravel to a depth of fifty centimeters.

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Warm floors mean coziness and comfort. The health and well-being of the owners depends on the temperature in the premises. How and what can you do in a private house? The type of floor insulation depends on many factors: the house stands directly on the ground or has a basement and basement, the house has one floor or several, the house is brick or frame.

If the house has a basement, then it is better to start the process from there. The greatest heat losses occur due to soil freezing to a considerable depth. Therefore, first of all, on the outside of the plinth wall: external thermal insulation will prevent the walls from coming into contact with cold soil and moisture.

You can insulate the base from the outside with extruded polystyrene foam. This thermal insulation material has low thermal conductivity and is practically waterproof. It is best to insulate the foundation along the entire height, right down to the base. The thickness of the insulation is calculated taking into account the characteristics of the site, the type of soil, and the depth of its freezing. The underground part of the foundation, covered with extruded polystyrene foam, is again covered with earth. And on the basement part of the basement, the insulation can be hidden under any decorative layer.

What to do with a cold floor above the basement?

Before starting work, you need to make sure the underground space is dry. For the natural inflow and outflow of air in the basement, ventilation holes. The soil is carefully compacted and covered with sand fifteen to twenty centimeters thick.

Operating procedure:

• We nail cranial bars along the entire length to the joists. We install a ramp of boards on them, which must be laid without cracks or gaps. Instead of boards, you can use moisture-resistant ones OSB boards.
• We place a waterproof film or wax paper on the prepared roll, which will serve as waterproofing.
• We lay insulation on the waterproofing layer (it is better to use it based on staple fiberglass or basalt, which allow the floor structure to “breathe”).
• We make a subfloor on top of the insulation: nail it to the floor beams wooden blocks, OSB or chipboard boards, unedged boards etc. Between the floor and the wall we leave a centimeter ventilation gap, which will subsequently be covered with a plinth.

If you do not plan to dismantle the floor laid in the house, insulation is an option basement floor from the basement:

1. Using thin wooden slats, we attach it to the existing basement ceiling lining. vapor barrier film, making an overlap of the canvas of one hundred millimeters.
2. We stuff wooden blocks at a distance corresponding to the size of the insulating boards.
3. We install slabs of mineral wool, glass wool or foam plastic between the bars. We fix wire mesh or wooden slats.
4. We put boards on top of the thermal insulation material from the basement side.

Insulation of the floor in a house standing on the ground

Then fill the expanded clay with a solution

What is a ground floor? To put it simply, it is concrete or reinforced concrete slab, placed on the ground. It can be cast separately and not connected to the external walls of the house and its foundation, but can be made using.

Laying such a floor saves time and significant money. But there are some restrictions. In particular, slabs should not be placed on loose and easily subsiding soils; laying the floor is impossible where groundwater comes close to the surface of the earth.

Concrete does not protect the floor covering from cold air coming from below. In addition, concrete slabs themselves are cold. Therefore, the floor laid on the ground is always insulated. We do:

1. Carefully level and compact the soil.
2. Pour a layer of crushed stone or ten centimeters thick. This will protect concrete slab and a heat insulator against moisture and cold coming from outside the house.
3. On top of the expanded clay layer we pour thick layer coarse sand.
4. We lay a concrete slab or make a concrete screed.
5. We spread the waterproofing.
6. We lay a layer of insulation.
7. We do the finishing and lay the flooring. With the “” system, water pipes are passed through the thermal insulation layer, and only then a concrete screed is made.

What thickness of a layer of thermal insulation material is acceptable? It depends on the thickness of the ceiling. If the room is “high”, you can afford to put it in several layers of thermal insulation. And if the ceilings in the room are low, then you will have to be content with one layer.

Interfloor ceilings

Insulation of interfloor ceilings

Between floors in a private house is necessary if there are different air temperatures on different floors. The choice of material depends on the method of installing the floor: on slabs or on. If the attic space is used for housing and household needs, the floor in the attic must be insulated.

A layer of vapor barrier is laid between the joists or on the floor slabs. The panels must overlap each other by at least ten centimeters. Insulation materials are mounted on top of the vapor barrier layer, between the joists or on the slabs. Thermal insulation sheets must be laid close to each other, leaving no gaps or cracks. When installing several layers, the slabs must be laid with overlapping seams.

A layer of waterproofing is laid over the thermal insulation layer and the floor is installed. For wood flooring air cushion, for floors on slabs - without it.

In non-residential attic spaces, used for household needs and having natural ventilation, it is advisable to put a windproof structure on top of the insulation.

Beams interfloor ceilings at the same time they serve as a support for the ceiling of the lower room and joists for the floor of the upper room. How to insulate the floor between floors?

Thermal insulation option:

• From the outside top floor We lay thermal insulation material between the beams in one or several layers.
• Cover with waterproofing film.
• We put joists on top of the beams, arrange a rough floor, and then a finishing floor.
• From the outside ground floor We make a vapor barrier layer, which we install on the boardwalk.
• We cover the vapor barrier layer with hemming boards or plasterboard boards.

How and with what can you insulate the floor?

Regular polystyrene foam

The brand of slabs is selected depending on the expected load on the floor. To insulate a living space, a PSB-S-35 slab is sufficient. It can have milled edges or regular ones. To overlap the slabs, preventing the formation of gaps and cracks, it is better to use regular polystyrene foam with milled edges.

The insulation is placed either in two thin layers or in one thick one.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Insulation with polystyrene foam

It has a denser structure with well-closed cells. Thanks to this, it is able to withstand heavy loads. It can be safely used not only in a living space with large furniture, but also in a garage.

Since the insulation boards are very dense, they can be laid directly on a layer of expanded clay or gravel without first making a concrete base. The low coefficient of water absorption and thermal conductivity allows the use of extruded polystyrene foam for insulating floors on the ground. In this case, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer can be only eight centimeters.

Polyurethane foam

Rigid slabs and polyurethane foam shavings can be used to insulate floors on the ground. But they need to be laid on a layer of waterproofing, since the water absorption coefficient of polyurethane foam boards ranges from 0.6 to 2.9%.

Modern materials are coated on both sides with fiberglass or an aluminum layer, which reduces vapor permeability and significantly increases the thermal insulation characteristics of the slab. The edges of polyurethane foam boards can be straight or milled. The latter are used for laying overlapping insulation.

Mineral wool

It is soft and fibrous, therefore it is often used for insulating floors above the underground or between floors. The layers that are placed under and above the mineral wool must be insulated with vapor barrier and waterproofing layers.

Expanded clay

Granular, light and porous, which is made from crushed and fired clay. In a thermal insulation structure, expanded clay performs several functions at once: leveling, heat-insulating and moisture-absorbing. If the layer is thick, additional waterproofing may not be necessary.

Expanded clay is used for insulating floors on the ground. To simplify subsequent work, it is recommended to pour a liquid cement-sand mixture over the compacted layer of expanded clay. Such fillings can be done on each expanded clay layer.

The floor is the coolest surface of the room. Even at relatively warm air temperatures, the floor may remain cold. There is nothing strange about this. Let's remember the laws of physics: cool air always goes down, and warm air always goes up. But that's not all. The cold penetrates into the floors of our apartments through interpanel joints, corner cracks, and damp basements. Up to 20-30% of the heat can escape from a room through a poorly insulated floor! At the same time, heating bills increase, but the rooms are still cold. In this case, it’s time to start thinking about how to insulate the floors in the apartment. This will help reduce heat loss and create a more comfortable indoor climate.

Choosing insulation material

The floor is insulated with materials with high thermal insulation properties, which prevent heat from escaping outside the room. For these purposes, the most popular are:

• Bulk materials (expanded clay, wood concrete, shavings) - have good thermal insulation qualities and are relatively inexpensive;
• Mineral wool and glass wool- effective in terms of heat and sound insulation, fireproof, not susceptible to infection by fungi and rodent attacks, hygroscopic (require mandatory vapor barrier);
• Polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam- materials are moisture resistant, not subject to deformation, do not ignite, conduct heat poorly, and dampen sound noise.

It is impossible to say which of these materials is the best. You need to choose based on your financial capabilities and the functionality of the insulated room.

Insulation of a wooden base

The traditional method of insulation is to lay the selected type of heat insulator in the space between the joists.

Scheme of insulation of a wooden floor by logs

To do this, perform the following steps. The first step is to remove the old floor covering and open up the floor. Lay a layer of vapor barrier, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene film. Unroll the material and lay the strips over the wooden floor frame, overlapping them by 15-20 cm. The joints are securely insulated with special tape. When laying, place a vapor barrier film on the walls to a height of 3-5 cm.

Laying a vapor barrier film is necessary to prevent moisture from penetrating into the insulation layer

Insulation is laid between the joists. When using expanded clay, it is poured evenly between the joists, leveling it to the same level as a rule. Sheet or roll insulation is laid close to the joists, without gaps.

Formation of an insulating layer of mineral wool

On top of the insulation (if mineral wool or glass wool was used) create another layer of vapor barrier.

The second layer of vapor barrier protects the insulation from steam penetrating into the ceiling from the room

Expanded polystyrene is an affordable insulation material that does not absorb moisture and is quite easy to install. You can read more about the use of such material in our article:.

Lay wooden boards, thick plywood, OSB or GVL sheets over the insulated floor.

If necessary, install finishing coat: laminate, parquet, linoleum, carpet, etc.

Insulation of concrete floor

In most cases, the floors in apartments in city high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete slabs. The concrete floor itself is very cold, but if you add to this the gaps between the slabs and insufficiently tight joints between the walls and the floor, then it becomes truly icy. Therefore, insulation of the concrete surface is a top priority for residents multi-storey buildings who seek to improve comfort in their apartments.

Each master involved in insulation develops his own formula for the ideal insulation “pie” on concrete slabs. Let's look at the most popular possible options.

Option No. 1 - insulation + screed

The thermal insulation properties of a concrete floor can be significantly improved by laying insulation between the floor slab and the cement leveling screed. In this case, floor insulation in the apartment is performed as follows. The first step is to remove the old floor covering and remove the screed. The surface of the slab is cleaned of debris, dust, and unevenness from cement screed residues is eliminated.

Insulating the floor in an apartment using thermal insulation material and reinforced screed

Then a vapor barrier is performed. On concrete base lay polyethylene or polypropylene film, laying the strips overlapping by 15-20 cm and placing 3-5 cm on the walls. The overlap joints are insulated with special tape. Polystyrene foam is laid on the vapor barrier film minimum thickness 50 mm, density 25 mm. Instead of polystyrene foam, you can use polystyrene foam, mineral wool, etc. The insulation sheets are laid as closely as possible to each other so that cold bridges do not form in the seams. After this, another layer of vapor barrier is laid. If polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene were used as insulation, then this step can be skipped.

Now lay a metal mesh with square cells (cell side – 50-100 mm). The mesh will act as a frame for the cement screed, making it more durable. A cement screed with a minimum thickness of 50 mm is poured over the mesh. A thinner screed will be unreliable - after a while it will begin to crack and crumble. The cement screed must dry, this will take about two weeks. After which, to strengthen the top layer, it is necessary to cover it with a primer. After all this, any decorative covering is laid on the screed.

Expanded clay is well suited for insulating concrete floors. You will learn about how to properly use such insulation in the material:.

Option No. 2 - insulation along joists, without the use of wet processes

This option is similar to insulating a wooden floor. The difference is that the thickness of the wooden floor initially contains logs, between which it is convenient to lay any type of insulation. In the case of concrete floors, these logs will have to be constructed independently.

Insulation of the concrete floor along the joists eliminates wet processes and does not burden the ceiling

Technology for insulating concrete floors using joists:

1. First of all, clean the concrete slab from old screed, debris and dust.

2. Arrange waterproofing. It is convenient to use ready-made waterproofing polymer-bitumen solutions, which are applied to the concrete surface with a roller or brush. Another option is to use a vapor barrier film for these purposes, which is laid out overlapping on the floor, extending onto the adjacent walls. If you want to save money, then the most suitable material for hydro- and vapor barrier would be ordinary polyethylene film.

3. Install the logs at a distance of no more than 0.9 m from each other; if you take a step larger, the floors will sag. Instead of joists, if you plan to use bulk material for insulation, metal beacons are attached to the floor.

Installation of wooden joists on a concrete floor

4. Lay the selected insulation. Both mineral wool and polystyrene foam, and any type of bulk thermal insulation materials are suitable. Insulation in the form of sheets or rolls is laid out tightly, without gaps between the joists. Bulk material (for example, expanded clay) is poured between the beacons and leveled to one level using a metal rule.

5. Lay the floor. To do this, you can use sheets of plywood, gypsum fiber board, OSB, chipboard with a thickness of 10-15 mm. It is safer to lay them in two layers so that the seams of the lower sheets overlap the panels of the upper sheets. Thus, the floor covering will be seamless, which will eliminate the possibility of cold bridges. After laying, the layers of sheets are connected to each other and to the joists (beacons) using self-tapping screws.

Laying sheets of dense material (plywood, gypsum fiber board, etc.) on joists

6. Suitable for any finishing floor covering.

IN short video They will clearly demonstrate the process of insulation using joists:

Features of floor insulation by spraying

In addition to the insulation methods described above, there is another, professional one - spraying a thin layer of polyurethane foam (PPS) onto the base of the floor. As a result, a monolithic surface devoid of seams with a thickness of 50-100 mm is formed on the ceiling. The technology for applying PPS involves the use of special equipment and certain skills, so this work can only be done by specialists.

Equipment used for spraying high pressure, which allows you to apply the material to the floor in the form of an aerosol liquid. Within seconds, this liquid spray layer turns into rigid polyurethane foam. The effectiveness of the resulting thermal insulation layer is superior to any other insulation - PPS has a thermal conductivity coefficient that is lower than that of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, expanded clay, foam concrete, etc. In addition, polyurethane foam is absolutely moisture resistant, so it does not require additional waterproofing or vapor barrier. This material does not require floor preparation before application, is not damaged by rodents, does not rot, and does not burn. The service life of the heat-insulating layer of PPS is estimated by the manufacturers of this material at 30-50 years.

Polyurethane foam - effective method creating insulating and waterproofing coating in the apartment

Alternative methods of insulation

If heat loss through the floor is small, then you can use more in simple ways insulation. Their essence is to use as flooring material with low thermal conductivity.

The simplest thing is to lay a carpet or carpet over the existing floor. Products made from natural wool with long pile have the greatest insulating properties.

Another option is to use thickened linoleum on warm substrate(felt, jute) or on a foam base. Similarly, you can “insulate” the laminate by laying a thickened backing made of cork, polyethylene foam or polystyrene foam underneath it.

In such a way that the floor holds even in winter comfortable temperature, it is not necessary to use additional heating systems and “warm floor” structures. In most cases, to increase the floor temperature by several degrees, it is enough to properly insulate it using available materials.

In any structure, the floor is, as a rule, the most problematic part, since the penetration of cold air masses through it is quite likely with well-insulated walls. They won't help solve the problem, no matter how great heating system, nor carpeting. Wooden floors are more vulnerable than others.

The most logical solution would be proper insulation floor using special materials, but first of all it is worth studying the structural features of wooden flooring.

Peculiarities

Even correct styling The durability of floorboards without cracks and gaps disappears over time due to the nature of the wood structure. The boards can dry out and heat loss is inevitable. Up to 30% of heat escapes through a floor that has not been reconstructed, so It is necessary to insulate a wooden floor, but it is worth remembering the peculiarities of this work.

A wooden floor does not consist of only boards, it has more complex device. The base of the floor is logs, which are wooden blocks. Either a subfloor, consisting of untreated boards, plywood, chipboard, and is the basis for finishing coatings (laminate, parquet), or a finished floor, the basis of which consists of milled boards, is attached to them.

To make the floor comfortable, we use different kinds insulation, but for normal operation insulation alone is not enough - it is necessary to use layers of waterproofing.

Their presence is necessary, since excessive moisture in the space promotes the formation of fungus and the development of insects that destroy wooden structure.

Insulated rooms

Most often, wooden floors are present in private buildings, and therefore it is important to know how to insulate a wooden floor in village house. And this depends on many factors. First of all, this is the time of construction of the structure. If the house is new, then you need to wait the time necessary for the wood structure to shrink (6-7 months). If the house is old, then after dismantling the old coverings, it is necessary to pay attention to the wear of the joists, removing even partially rotten logs.

When choosing a material for thermal insulation in a village house, it is necessary to take into account the area of ​​the room and the height of the ceiling, the type of surface, the placement of the floor structure, the temperature and humidity of the room, the load, and, of course, the purpose of the house. Each of these factors directly affects the choice of material.

Ceiling height in a country house for efficient and economical heating should be within 2.35-2.50 m. The height of the room after laying the insulation should not be less than 2.35 m, otherwise the space will not be very comfortable, and above 2.5 m to avoid increasing heating costs.

The thickness of the insulation also depends on the purpose of the house. For houses used in summer period, you can get by with insulation 5 cm thick, but for a house that will be used constantly, it is better to purchase material at least 20 cm thick.

The choice of material is directly dependent on the floor design, as this affects the installation method. There are several types of flooring:

• The flooring is laid either at a short distance from the ground or on a special bedding. Both floorings were laid without ventilation.
• The flooring is located above a basement or cellar with high humidity.
• The flooring is located on the joists, there is a pile foundation with grate.
• Laying the flooring along the joists; below there is a ventilated basement with good air ventilation due to the presence of vents.

When choosing a material for village house it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the insulation itself. In addition to the thickness, great importance have characteristics such as environmental safety, fire resistance, insulation service life.

To insulate the floor in a toilet located in a private wooden building, it is worth not only taking into account the above characteristics of the insulation, but also taking care of waterproofing the underground space of this room, as well as considering a ventilation system.

You can also insulate wooden floors in your apartment. The choice of material and installation method will depend on the floor of the apartment. For the first floor where there is soil nearby or basement, insulation will be both from the side of the apartment and from the basement, if there is one. To insulate the floor on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th floor, the material is laid only from the side of the apartment.

In a private house, insulating the floor on the 2nd floor makes sense only if one or the other floor is not heated, or more warm materials compared to the second, resulting in a temperature difference.

Floor arrangement

Floor insulation can be done different methods. The choice of method depends on the initial condition of the coatings, the location or absence of utility rooms.

The simplest, most reliable and most often used method is the insulation method using joists. It is suitable for insulating floors both for private wooden structures, and for floors located in apartments located on the 1st floor. In this case, the principle applies that The coating is divided into fine and rough.

Insulation of a wooden floor occurs due to the sequential laying of various materials.

The rough layer consists of wooden boards, docked with logs. At the bottom of the boards there are cranial bars running along each joist. The logs themselves are bars that are laid over the entire surface of the floor at a certain distance from each other, usually from 0.6 to 1 meter. They can be attached to the foundation of the building, embedded in the base of the structure, mounted on load-bearing beams or fixed on erected columns made of durable material(brick, concrete, stone).

The vapor barrier layer is laid on the subfloor and on top of the joist. It is only needed when using a certain type of insulation, and the insulation itself is placed between the joists. The gap between the insulation and the vapor barrier layer must be at least 4-5 cm. This value ensures proper ventilation of the space. If there is not enough height, counter battens are placed on the joists.

If the building is located in an area where there is high groundwater, then instead of a vapor barrier layer, you need to lay a waterproofing layer that will prevent the insulation from getting wet. In addition, some types of insulation do not require the presence of a vapor barrier layer.

Get rid of high humidity It will also help to install special vents outside the house, installed in increments of 4-5 m and exhaust pipe. The presence of these elements promotes good air circulation and increases the efficiency of floor insulation work.

You can insulate a wooden floor without dismantling the old covering using linoleum on jute or felt base, but it’s better not to use it as independent species insulation, but as an addition to a warm floor. This durable and easy-to-install coating performs the function of waterproofing.

Another method of insulation without dismantling is liquid foam, which is driven under the floor through holes with a special device. But when using this method, it is worth remembering that the space is filled unevenly, and therefore this option is not perfect.

How to choose the right insulation

All types of natural or artificial origin used for insulating wooden floors, are divided into:

• fibrous;
• foamed;
• backfill;
• cellular stone.

Any insulation has both advantages and disadvantages.

The most common and affordable material is mineral wool. Insulating floors with mineral wool has many advantages. This material, in addition to its direct purpose, has very high noise insulation properties, has good fire resistance, and has low thermal conductivity. This eco-friendly material is easy to install and has different shapes release (rolls, mats), which is important to consider when choosing.

A type of mineral wool is insulation brand "Isover", produced by Finnish manufacturers for more than 20 years. The basis of this material is fiberglass. Izover insulation will protect a wooden structure from the development of fungi, bacteria, and the invasion of rodents and insects.

But this material has its drawbacks. First of all, they include poor moisture resistance, so it is better to use mineral wool in combination with a waterproofing layer.

Unlike mineral wool, polystyrene foam does not allow water to pass through easily. This lightweight, non-toxic material is not subject to deformation due to exposure to temperature changes. Having even a small thickness, it does not lose its good thermal insulation properties. But it also has some disadvantages. The fragility of the material comes first, so the fitting of the material must be done as accurately as possible.

Durable polystyrene foam has improved characteristics. In addition to high noise insulation and low thermal conductivity, the material is distinguished by increased strength. Installation with extruded polystyrene foam, in addition to insulation, will protect the house from rodent invasion and the development of mold fungi.

Vapor tight rolled materials Isolon or penofol have a small thickness and therefore cannot provide the required degree of insulation. Most often these materials are used together with others. Penofol or isolon is used to lay the rough surface of the floor, using it as a waterproofing layer on which the insulation is laid.

Bulk materials used as insulation, such as expanded clay and sawdust, are used for structures without basements.

Insulating the floor with sawdust makes it possible to save money, since sawdust has a low cost. In addition, the shape of this insulation allows you to fill even the most inaccessible places. Very often, sawdust is combined with other substances to enhance thermal insulation, antiseptic and other properties.

The floor is insulated with expanded clay if there is close proximity to the ground. This lightweight material It has a porous structure, which, in addition to thermal insulation, provides good sound insulation. It is not afraid of temperature changes, and even an inexperienced person can handle the installation.

Insulation technology

After analyzing the floor design, it is necessary to consider the best solutions for a particular room. There is a certain sequence of floor insulation, suitable both for insulation with joists and without them.

First, it is necessary to dismantle the old covering, if the insulation process takes place in an old room, and lay or replace the logs. Then proceed to laying the rough covering, on which a waterproofing or vapor barrier layer is laid. Its edges should extend 15-20 cm onto the walls, and the joints should be taped.