How to make a corner veranda for your house. How to attach a veranda to a country house: step-by-step first-hand instructions. How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda

The veranda and gazebo are a stylish and functional decoration of a summer cottage.
But, if a gazebo is a separate structure that can be used in the summer, then a veranda is a room attached to the house that has a roof, walls and is intended for year-round use.

A warm veranda can serve as a corridor, hallway or recreation room, greenhouse, winter garden, you can even place a swimming pool in it

What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they have structural and visual differences. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes a veranda from a terrace and porch.

The veranda is provided during the construction stage of the house, but more often it is completed during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to a house with their own hands. Below are step-by-step (step-by-step) instructions for building a veranda for a private house.

1. Veranda project

Any construction begins with the development of a project.

Summarizing the experience of constructing verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:

Location (adjacent to the house):

• Corner.
• End
• Facade.

Degree of closure:

• Open.
• Closed (glazed.

By installing sliding doors for the veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.

Design feature:

• Built-in veranda (built together with the house, has a common foundation with it).
• Attached (added as needed, has its own foundation).

Veranda shape:

• A popular shape is the rectangle.
• Round (semicircular.
• Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).

The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and decorate the building. The extension of the veranda also performs a purely utilitarian function - insulating the house. Therefore, the question naturally arises of how to attach a veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, its construction requires the implementation of a number of rules.

What is included in the veranda construction project:

• location of the veranda. The main options are indicated above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing a single architectural ensemble with it.

Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then most of the time it will be out of direct sunlight. Also, it is worth taking into account the wind load in the region and on the site in particular.

• entry point to the veranda. The entrance can be from the street, from one of the rooms, or through, across the street into the house;

• door installation location. It is not advisable to place the entrance doors to the veranda and to the house opposite each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;

• size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is built. The width ranges from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.

Advice from the master. There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality execution guarantees that the veranda will be built correctly, and obtaining permits will not cause problems.

An example of a typical veranda design is shown in the diagram

How to attach a veranda to a wooden house

Any extension to a wooden house is carried out after the structure has settled. A house made of timber or logs shrinks over a certain period (the most active is the first 2-3 years). To avoid skewing of the walls, you need to wait this period, or consider a connection to the house that allows the frame to play.

2. Documents for the construction of a veranda (permission)

Adding a veranda refers to the remodeling of a house. Therefore, it requires obtaining permits.

To obtain permission to build a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you need to submit to the architecture department:

1. a document confirming the ownership of the site;
2. house project with a veranda;
3. consent of all residents registered in the house;
4. application for registration.

Note. You need to start processing documents 2-3 months before the planned construction work. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a lot of time.

In principle, it is possible to complete a veranda without documents, but when selling, renting or inheriting, problems may arise with this property. The veranda is included in the total area of ​​the residential building; the BTI may regard this as an “Unauthorized increase in living space.” Especially if the veranda is heated (warm veranda).

When building a veranda, you should not deviate from the dimensions indicated in the registered project. Any adjustment will entail a change in the project documentation and the payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation” and the Civil Code, an excerpt from which is given below.

The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below

The last thing that will need to be done after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the construction with changes and obtain new documents.

3. Tools and materials for constructing a veranda

The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For wooden you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an axe, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (construction and water level), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.

Material

The economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame covered with plywood, OSB boards or plastic lining.

A veranda made of brick, natural stone or wood has a more presentable appearance. It is important here that the material of the extension matches the material from which the house or cottage is built or is in harmony (combined) with them.

To build a wooden veranda, you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, batten), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing felt, window and door systems, roofing material.

For a veranda with a metal frame: lumber will be replaced by metal corners and a steel profile, solutions for metal processing will be added, but otherwise the materials will be the same.

A polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well in that it allows you to freely admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite reasonable. Cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm is used.

Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before work begins. Once the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.

Preparation for construction

Construction of the veranda begins with preparing the site. The part of the site allocated for the veranda is turning into a construction site. Before starting work you need:

• remove the canopy over the entrance;
• dismantle the porch;
• clear the area of ​​green spaces and debris;
• remove part of the turf;
• think over the place for laying building materials and construction waste.

4. Foundation for the veranda to the house

Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its type. The most widespread is the columnar foundation for the veranda, since it makes it possible to attach a veranda without being tied to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda requires pouring a strip foundation.

An important point is soil analysis, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda of the house. The following are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of groundwater, and the stability of the soil.

In addition, the choice of base for the extension will be influenced by the design of the house’s foundation and the condition of the walls (wall material).

Having decided which foundation for the veranda is best to make, make markings for a strip foundation or mark the location for installing pillars (supports) for a pile foundation.

Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide ones, provide additional posts along the length/width of the base. The recommended installation spacing for supports is 500-600 mm.

How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda

• dig holes for the posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (must be the same) and the level of soil freezing;

• At the bottom of the pit, a cushion is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. They can also be covered in layers, first with sand, then crushed stone or gravel;

• the concrete base is poured;

• support pillars for the columnar foundation are laid out/inserted:

Made of brick. If you need to add a veranda to a brick house;

From timber. For a wooden veranda;

From asbestos pipes, concrete pillars or metal supports. For a frame veranda.

The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the base is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.

Example in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is located at the level of the second floor).

The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.

The design of a veranda with a large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, place the formwork (slightly higher than the required foundation height), and pour concrete. The process of complete hardening of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water to ensure uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.

5. Veranda frame

The installation of the frame begins with the completion of the bottom trim. To do this, timber is laid on the supports.

Note. The lower harness can have a double system. It is on this that the racks and floor joists will be attached in the future.

Next, supports are installed that form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of a wooden veranda is made of timber 120x80 or 100x100. When using logs, their diameter must exceed 120 mm. It is recommended to install supports at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, supports must be installed in the corners and form door/window openings.

The height of the support is equal to the height of the veranda. In this case, the supports installed closer to the wall must be higher to form a pitched roof. Methods for attaching the racks to the bottom trim are shown in the figure.

Advice. The supports will be given rigidity by the jibs (braces) installed at the top and bottom.

When installing the frame, horizontal beams are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill board for glazing.

The installation of the veranda frame is completed by completing the top trim. It will serve as the basis for the formation of the rafter system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.

Note. To prevent the top trim from warping, the supports must be secured with temporary spacers.

Many people are interested in how to make a veranda frame from a log frame. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of the buildings and the log house itself move. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (shift). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.

6. Veranda roof

Part of the frame is the rafter system of the veranda. The installation of rafters and sheathing depends on what roofing material the veranda roof will be covered with.

From a design point of view, the following types of veranda roofs are distinguished:

Slope veranda roof.

The simplest and best option. In this case, the rafter system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which allows rainwater or snow to flow down freely without causing damage to the building.

Note. A pitched roof is more convenient from the point of view of organizing drainage and, accordingly, installing a drainage system.

Gable roof veranda.

In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes like a passageway. This method has not found proper distribution. More often, such a roof is erected over a terrace.

The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for water drainage.

Installation of veranda rafter system

A purlin board (beam 100x80 mm) is installed on the wall of the house. The timber is secured with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.

A Mauerlat is installed around the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden extensions, this function is performed by the top trim boards. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.

The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide an overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means protecting the veranda from the ingress of flowing water.

Note. The distance between the rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, and the weight of the roofing material.

When installing a polygonal veranda roofing system, a purlin board is additionally installed.

Depending on the chosen material, they fill the lathing (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or make a continuous sheathing (for flexible roofing materials).

How to attach a veranda to a house - video instructions

7. Floor on the veranda

Construction procedure, materials, methods of fastening and processing.

DIY flooring technology:

Logs are installed on the bottom trim boards. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.

Attaching the joist to the frame is an important point; the quality of its implementation determines the performance characteristics of the floor. The installation of the log is controlled by the level.

What to make floors from on an open veranda

Concrete flooring on the veranda is cheaper, plus it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or lay linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. It is also recommended to use plastic baseboards with wood decor.

How to cover the floors on a closed veranda

The floor of the closed veranda is being laid. In this case, installation begins with the board furthest from the entrance. It is attached to the joists directly through the board.

Subsequent boards are mounted using the tongue-and-groove method, and the hardware is fastened through the groove.

How to fix a floorboard on a veranda

It is recommended to fasten floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. This gap will compensate for the expansion of wood during the hot season.

How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)

Wooden veranda flooring is one of the most popular and easiest to install. Therefore, the relevant question is how to treat the floor on the veranda in order to extend its service life and preserve its aesthetic properties.

Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally coated with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a finishing floor covering, a decorative layer of paint or stain is applied, covered with varnish on top.

A new product among paintwork materials is Dufa “Liquid Plastic” paint, intended for outdoor use (well suited for an open veranda).

Of the transparent coatings that have earned the respect of users:

• Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
• Pinotex Terrace Oil;
• Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
• Watco Danish Oil.;
• as well as epoxy varnishes (yacht varnishes), which are intended for use in damp environments.

• the product must be intended for wood;

• be resistant to abrasion;

• be resistant to environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet).

It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by their service life, without refinishing, and high aesthetic properties.

8. Roofing material for the veranda

As a roofing material, it is better to use a material for the veranda roof that is installed on the main building (house or cottage). Bituminous shingles have proven themselves well. They are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Note. To prevent water from flowing inside the veranda where the roof of the extension meets the wall of the house, you need to lay a joint strip on top of the roofing material.

Correct installation of the joint strip involves making a gash in the wall of the house and inserting the narrow edge of the strip into it.

You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, the role of roofing material is played by glass or cellular polycarbonate.

Telescopic awning roofs or sliding roofs for the veranda are considered new.

). Installation of finishing materials depends on their type.

It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is secured with embedded metal elements (parts). The fastening must be rigid.

Today, it is popular to cover veranda walls with sliding systems, the upper half of which is glass and the lower half is wooden.

Note. Before moving on to the external and internal decoration of the walls of the veranda, you need to give it time to settle. This is especially true for a wooden veranda.

10. Glazing of the veranda

Windows occupy a significant part of the veranda wall area. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, single wooden windows are usually installed, most often plastic or wooden. Aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows are used.

The large veranda is equipped with both opening and fixed windows. The first allow for ventilation of the room, the second - save on glazing. Noteworthy are the sliding windows, which allow you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.

Among the new products, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operational period of the summer veranda. The advantage of windows is their relatively low cost and the ability to quickly install and dismantle them for the winter. They make the high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its attractiveness.

Soft windows for the veranda are roller systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze the veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).

Installation of soft windows - video

Attaching a veranda to wooden houses with your own hands is not at all difficult. It is quite possible to handle the installation of the structure yourself, and the result will be no worse than that of professionals.

The veranda is a multifunctional room.

As a rule, it is used as a summer building. It not only increases the usable area, but also makes the house more comfortable.

In the photo below you can see a variety of options for verandas attached to the house with your own hands.

You can easily and quickly attach a structure to your house with your own hands, following certain rules.

Firstly, it is advisable to use wood as the main frame material. It is cheap in terms of budget and convenient to install.

Secondly, the terrace must stand on a monolithic, strip or columnar foundation.

Let's try to properly attach a wooden veranda on a columnar foundation to the main house with our own hands.

The photo below shows an image of such a veranda.

Preparatory work

• study the design of the house;
• draw up a project and draw a preliminary drawing of the future structure;
• select materials and calculate estimates;
• take into account the type of terrain and soil;
• choose a foundation suitable for the terrain and building;
• choose the design fastening option.

Only after all this work has been completed can you proceed directly to the installation of the attached veranda.

Foundation installation

If the house has already been built, and the installation of the veranda is carried out later, then installing a columnar foundation is the best option.

To do this, we dig holes at small intervals measuring 300 mm by 300 mm and about a meter deep (in order not to dig with your own hands, you can use a drill).

At the bottom of the pits we place a layer of sand of about 20 cm (for sandy soil, it is necessary to put a layer of crushed stone and pour hot bitumen on it).

Mix cement with sand, pour the solution, filling the holes to the brim. After the foundation has hardened well, we begin to lay the pillars of bricks.

We make the tables low so that the floor level of the terrace is at least 20 cm below the level of the house.

We fill the gaps between the pillars with expanded clay, coat the outside of the bricks with concrete mortar - this will protect the base from moisture.

After the entire structure has completely dried, you can begin installing the frame. The photo below shows a site with a finished foundation.

Installation of the frame part

The construction of the frame part of the structure, which is adjacent to the house, of all construction takes the most time and is a rather difficult task.

It would be right to study this process in as much detail as possible:

• First you need to make the bottom trim. We lay wooden beams on the brick pillars, connecting their corners into a “half-tree”. Fastening can be done either with nails or with spikes, having first made through holes;
• We cut out or hollow out grooves for the joists on the entire bottom trim; we will later lay the floor on them. In this case, we cut out the grooves in the form of cubes with equal sides of 5 cm, the distance between them should be at least 0.5 meters. So it is necessary to process the entire perimeter, then the racks will be installed in these grooves;
• We make tenons of the appropriate size on the wooden bars of the racks (we expect them to fit into the grooves with tension). We install the racks strictly vertically and secure them for reliability using nails and staples;
• When fastening wooden racks, do not forget about installing a cross beam (window sill beam) and strengthen the fastening with tenons. The cross beam not only serves as a support for the window, but also increases the rigidity and stability of the attached elements;
• At the top of the racks we mount the top trim using nails, tenons or staples and cut grooves in it for the rafters;
• We fasten the rafters to a horizontal beam (purlin) using nails and tenons. The height in this case is calculated so that the structure being built not only fits as closely as possible to the house, but can also fit under the roof slope;
• We complete the installation of the frame by fastening the outer posts with anchors.

At first glance, installing a terrace frame with your own hands seems quite difficult. But don't be afraid. It’s difficult only in the first moments, but then experience comes and the process goes like clockwork.

Wall installation

We cover the walls along the outside, starting from the bottom garter and rising to the window beam.

The process of cladding from the outside is due to the fact that, as a rule, the walls of the terrace do not require additional insulation, since the design refers to the summer version of buildings.

Sheathing is done using laminated chipboard sheets, carriage boards or wooden panels.

If you plan to use the room in winter, then we cover the structure from the inside, using insulation. On the racks from the inside of the terrace we cut grooves about 2 cm deep.

We install the sheathing material and secure it on the inside with timber with nails.

The photo below shows a veranda adapted (insulated) for the winter period.

Installing the roof and floor

As a rule, the veranda has a pitched roof, flatter than the roof of the main building.

Let's learn how to install a roof and floor with your own hands:

• We install dense sheathing to the rafters (you can take uncut boards to save the budget calculated for the project);
• On the sheathing we make a flooring from roofing felt or take any other roofing material (if you want to additionally protect the space from moisture, you need to put a layer of waterproofing material);
• When laying the floor with your own hands, we nail edged boards about 3-4 cm thick onto the joists (to treat the boards we use an antiseptic, this will protect the floor from rotting and fungi);
• Next, we paint the boards or cover them with a floor covering (for example, linoleum).

After installing the frame, installing the roof will not cause you any problems. The photo below shows the assembled frame structure.

Installation of windows and doors

We insert the windows into the space between the window sill beam and the top frame. We adjust the line of window blocks to the same level and secure them with wedges or nails.

We install wooden frames in them and insert glass (if you plan to install plastic or sliding windows, they are installed using a certain technology, depending on the chosen option).

The door frame must fit the size of the doorway (when installing walls, do not forget about this). We secure the opening using 2 upper anchors.

We align it horizontally, guided by the floor level, then aligned vertically, guided by the pillars of the door frame. Afterwards we fasten the lower anchors.

Result: so we installed the veranda structure to the wooden house. As you can see, all the work can be done with your own hands and the result will be at a good level.

In the photo below you see images of verandas built using the same technology with your own hands.

It would be correct if you do not attach the terrace to the house, but only make an extension. There are 2 reasons for this:

If the foundations of the house and the veranda were installed at different times (in this case this is the case, since we were adding a veranda to an already standing house), then over time they will give different settlements.

If the veranda is attached to the wall of the house, it may become warped. In rare cases, instead of misalignment, free spaces appear between the house and the veranda.

In this case, they can be removed using polyurethane foam.

A terrace not attached to the main building is considered a separate building and does not belong to the house, which means it is not subject to payment for living space.

In addition, if you carry out the fastening, then you will have to make changes to the house plan, which causes a lot of problems when selling

Therefore, you should think several times before deciding to attach the veranda to the house. Based on this, we considered the option of building without such fastenings.

There is a small house on your summer cottage and you decide to add usable space to it. And here the question arises - how, or at least a terrace, and so that such construction would not be expensive.

What is a veranda and a terrace, what is the difference

Veranda is a closed, unheated room, which is most often attached to the main part of the house, or is located directly in the house and is part of it.

The main material for the construction of an enclosed space is boards (beautiful and stylish). But nowadays, country craftsmen have begun to use other available materials (who has what).

For example, an attached room can be made of:

• bricks;
• timber;
• foam blocks;
• flat or wavy slate;
• sandwich panels.

A terrace, on the contrary, is an open area that can be either slightly raised above the ground surface or located directly on it.

As a rule, the floor of the terrace is covered with boards, special stone or even asphalt and concrete. If a floor plank is chosen for the flooring, it is recommended to lay it on bars treated with an antiseptic (the main thing is that the flooring is blown with air and dries quickly after precipitation).

But many people fence the perimeter of the open space with beautiful railings and build it, which serves as shelter from rain or sun. Also, the terrace can be built at some distance from the house, and the approach to it can be made in the form of a covered passage.

There are many construction options - photo:

How to attach a veranda to your house

Most often, a veranda is attached to the house with your own hands according to the scheme. The standard sizes of such buildings are usually 3x4 or 4x6 m, but you can safely deviate from the standards, the main thing is that it is comfortable and beautiful.

Where to begin ? Take the dimensions of the future building, draw a sketch on paper and weigh and think through everything many more times! Carry out a thorough breakdown of the area and mark everything along the axes using cords and driven stakes. On the selected site for the construction of a veranda, you need to remove a layer of soil of 8-20 cm (depending on the place of residence).

What foundation to make for the veranda

It all depends on the weight of the wallet. Some will make it the same as at home (ribbon), while others will prefer a simple one - columnar.

Home craftsmen use various materials for the foundation of an enclosed space:

• brick;
• stone;
• concrete;
• asbestos-cement, iron or wooden poles.

Usually they choose one that is laid at each corner of the building. If the building is long, then the columns are also added in the middle.

Typically, a hole for a pillar is dug to a depth of 50-90 cm, sand is poured onto the bottom and a pillar base is built on top. The level of the pillar is adjusted so that the floor of the veranda is 30-35 cm below the floor of the house. Then, without any problems, you can adjust the roof of the attached veranda to the roof of the main building.

And you can do without a foundation. It is done this way: where the bottom trim will be, there you need to remove the fertile layer of soil and instead add a layer of clay, gravel or gruss (taken from road quarries). On top of the bulk layer, you can also add (if available) a couple of centimeters of crushed stone and lay a strapping made of railway or larch logs directly on such an embankment.

Frame construction

To build a veranda you will need:

• lower and upper trims;
• vertical racks;
• external cladding;
• window frames and glass;
• roof rafters;
• roof.

For racks and frames, take logs approximately 120 mm in diameter or beams with a section of 100x100 mm, or 80x80 mm. The sheathing of verandas is done not like that, but only from the outside without using insulating materials. In order to prevent the walls from being blown through, boards with quarters (using the example of lining) or tongue and groove boards are used.

Since a large area of ​​the veranda walls is spent on glazing, it is enough to use short-length inexpensive profiled material for cladding (even planks from boxes 1.5-2 cm thick will do).

When building a veranda yourself, first make the lower trim. If you choose, then on the cement surface you need to lay several layers of roofing material and trimmings of boards treated with resin, 4-5 cm thick. And the crowns of the lower trim are placed on these boards. The same is done with a columnar foundation.

The lower bars must be connected using a straight lock. Also, logs for the floor slats and vertical posts need to be embedded into the bottom trim. Use staples to firmly secure the structure.

Do not place supporting racks at a great distance from each other (50-60 cm is just right). Then you can use any short material for cladding, and the extension will be strong. Do the same step for the attic floor.

Also, flat or wavy slate can be used for cladding, which will look good after painting. By the way, windows play an important function on the veranda of the house, since they usually occupy two or three walls, and the joints can easily be covered with wooden trim.

Floorboards are laid without insulation. When making the roof of the veranda, you can use the same materials from which the roof of the house was made.

When adding a veranda, you should not tightly connect the new structure and the house together, since the conditions and period of operation, as well as the weight of the main building and the new building are different. It is necessary to leave a gap of 3-4 cm between the house and the attached veranda.

After finishing the sheathing, the gap must be closed with a flashing board. The junction of the veranda roof and the wall of the house must be covered with an apron made of galvanized iron.

Verandas attached to the house - photo:

P.S. That's all, good luck with the construction everyone!

Often, only after the completion of its construction, the owners of a residential building want to increase the space by adding a veranda. Before starting work, it is logical to take an interest in the features of summer verandas and find out what difficulties developers usually face when adding verandas to a house. We will tell you how to avoid these difficulties and organize the entire process correctly.

Reasons for building a veranda

A veranda is a practical and comfortable addition to a country apartment, which can decorate the architectural ensemble and protect the entrance of the house from negative weather influences. In accordance with established building standards, the building is classified as unheated. Thus, a self-built veranda is a lightweight structure on a lightweight foundation, which consists of a glazed facade and two side parts.

The decision to add a veranda to a finished house can arise for various reasons. Situations are possible when the initial construction work is carried out according to the most economical plan, and later the owners plan an expansion.

A veranda may not even be implied initially, but illustrative examples and verandas on neighboring summer cottages will inspire the owner to build the same extension at home. In addition, an attached veranda to a wooden house, if you equip it like a hallway and glaze the facade, contributes to additional stylization of the house. And the walls of the veranda can improve the heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties of the house.

Legal side of the issue

At first glance, there is nothing complicated in the issue of constructing a veranda, but if the extension of this structure is incorrect, actual problems may arise, for example, if the veranda moves away from the building. However, these are minor things compared to the legal difficulties that await the owner who tries to sell a residential building with an unauthorized extension.

In some cases, unauthorized addition of a veranda to a residential building may be a violation of the law. That’s why it’s worth learning how to properly build a veranda, and how to legalize such construction. Remember that a project is required for an additional structure.

It is necessary to work out the architecture, design and functionality of the room immediately and down to the subtleties, otherwise you risk redoing the same drawings many times, constantly paying for the services of specialists and losing money. It is important to maintain a professional approach when drawing up such documentation so that the harmony of the existing building is not disturbed.

Having a project of a residential building and a veranda in your hands, you will receive a building permit. When submitting an application for permission to make an extension, you should also include documents that confirm ownership of the summer cottage for consideration. This bureaucratic procedure usually takes one to two months.

When obtaining permission, it is recommended that the construction of the veranda be carried out in accordance with the approved project, since otherwise any violations will have to be subsequently eliminated. Remember that upon completion of the work you need to register the changed residential building.

Start of construction

To avoid the “incompatibility effect”, it is recommended to complete all the necessary elements. If you have a brick house, then make the veranda the same. If your cottage is built of wood, then make the veranda wooden. To save money, a veranda is often built from a metal frame or foam concrete, covering the structure with plastic or other materials. But this is not always good, since such materials visually separate the veranda directly from the house itself and make the building almost incompatible with it.

The best option is to build a veranda yourself, which is usually attached to an end or facade wall up to 6 meters long and 2.5 meters wide. Leave the front door inside the summer building.

If you plan to carry out all the stages yourself and are interested in how much it costs to build a veranda, then know that the best option is to build a veranda from beams or logs using frame technology. Other construction options require either expensive foundation work or reliable carpentry skills from the contractor.

When starting to experiment, remember that a lot depends on the question of how to attach a veranda, on how long the wooden house has been standing. If the building is still new, then the best solution would be to wait a few more years until it completely shrinks. If these conditions are not met, then the design of the veranda will not be as strong and reliable as we would like. If the house is still shrinking, then choose a tongue-and-groove type fastening structure.

Materials and tools

So, you already understand that you can quickly and cheaply build a veranda from beams or logs. The classic version of a columnar foundation involves creating a base of brick. To construct the base of the structure you will also need crushed stone or gravel, concrete, broken brick and hot bitumen.

It is recommended to select roofing material taking into account the plastic design of the facade. Preference should be given to the most modern roofing coverings - steel, asbestos-cement or roll. In addition, to arrange the roof, you need edged boards to form sheathing and special slats for placing the roofing material on the surface of the slope.

When adding a veranda, the preferred glazing option is single window frames. To install and assemble the frame, you need to prepare the following tools: an axe, a sledgehammer, a carpenter's hammer, a shovel and a bayonet shovel, an electric saw, an angle grinder, an electric screwdriver, a nail puller, a steel angle, a cord, a tape measure and a building level.

In addition, you should prepare felt and small nails, screws, antiseptic or paint, wood panels or construction lining for covering the gap between the bottom trim and the window sill board. Additionally, when installing windows, you will need wooden wedges, plaster mortar and dry tow.

Veranda foundation

Make the foundation of the veranda to the same depth as the foundation of the house itself, so that the veranda does not subsequently move away from it. At this stage, you need to take into account the type of soil and use the survey report that was carried out during the construction of the house, and take measures that prevent the possible shift of the building on heaving soil (sandy loam, loam, clay).

According to the advice and recommendations of experienced builders, the veranda should be supported by pillars, but it is not advisable to attach it to the house too rigidly. It is customary to lay foundation columns under each corner post, and if you plan to make the veranda quite long, you need to lay them under intermediate ones.

After you have marked the future location of the foundation columns, dig holes in these places at least one meter deep. Place 20 centimeter sand cushions at the bottom of each pit. If the soil is sandy, then a crushed stone or gravel layer 10 centimeters in size is usually poured at the bottom of the foundation recesses; they need to be waterproofed and shed with hot bitumen. After this, make a concrete base of 15 centimeters, ensuring that the upper edge is strictly horizontal.

After the concrete has hardened, place a foundation pillar of bricks on this base. It is recommended to make the height of the pillar such that half of the veranda is located 30 cm below the level of the furnished floor in the residential building. The finished pillars need to be coated with bitumen and then backfilling can be done. Fill the cavity located in the middle of the post with broken bricks, coarse gravel or similar material. A wooden or brick fence should be installed between the supports. Strive to ensure that the texture of the outer surface is uniform.

Wooden frame veranda

To build the frame of a future veranda, it is customary to use beams that have a cross-section of 100 by 100, 80 by 120 millimeters, or logs with a diameter of no more than 120 millimeters. It is necessary to lay the bottom trim on the foundation pillars. Connections are made in the corners with a straight half-tree lock. Make a double bottom trim, cutting in the logs on which you will subsequently lay the floor. The racks should be cut into it and fastened with nails in order to further strengthen each connecting node with two staples.

From the point of view of material consumption, a fairly economical frame can be obtained by using racks instead of solid bars, which are knocked together from 2 boards with a cross-section of about 40 by 120 mm and spacers of the same size. When connecting elements in this case, you need to move the boards in an appropriate way.

On the racks, you should install the top trim on nails and tenons, and then place rafters, the upper ends of which are connected to a horizontal beam passing under the slope of the roof of a residential building.

It is recommended to tighten the racks that are adjacent to the wall of a residential building and the purlin using anchor bolts. Pay due attention to the installation of the beams on which you will support the rafters. They should be firmly attached to the wall and placed at such a distance under the overhang of the roof of a residential building that the roof of the attached summer room is closely connected to the roof of the house.

Sliding veranda walls, which are extremely convenient, are becoming increasingly popular. In the photo of the attached verandas you can see how by moving the wall away, you can turn the veranda into a summer terrace. In rainy weather, the walls should be closed, isolating them from unfavorable climatic conditions.

Sections of such a wall, which have a glazed upper part and a lower wooden panel, should be connected using metal hinges. When the wall opens, the sections will simply fold into an accordion. Horizontal metal hooks that can move left and right should be attached closed.

Veranda roof

It is customary to make the roof of a veranda attached to a brick house a flat structure in relation to the roof of a residential building. To create a veranda roof, it is best to choose the material that you used to construct the roof of the house. In the process of work, you can use other lightweight materials - rolled, steel and asbestos-cement. The roof is covered with lathing made of horizontally laid boards.

Depending on the material used, it is customary to lay the boards at intervals or closely. If you plan to make a roof from rolled material, for example, roofing felt, then it is preferable to lay its flooring on a continuous flooring, which is made of edged boards. Attach the flooring to the rafters with nails, and recess their heads into the body of the boards.

Lay the rolled materials on the flooring, carefully level them and nail them along the edges. After this, nail the slats that are capable of fixing the laid material. You can cover the slats on top with strips of material: they should be nailed down with tar paper nails. The roof is folded under the sheathing along the lower edge by 10 centimeters and secured with nails.

Install a sheathing under the steel roof - solid or sparse. Connect the steel sheets with folded seams and attach them to the sheathing using nails. Lay wavy asbestos-cement sheets in such a way that the overlap is carried out on the wave, and the underlying sheet overlaps the overlying one by 14 centimeters.

Window frames

On the veranda, install a window sill board from the floor at a height of half a meter - this is lower than the window sills in a residential building. The space that remains between the window sill board and the trim below should be covered with clapboard or simply covered with wood panels. The veranda needs to be sheathed from the outside, because this extension does not require insulation.

Install the window frames between the window sill board and the frame at the top, as shown in the photo of the verandas attached to the house. Sew up the remaining space between the door and the adjacent posts. You can also create narrow bindings. The dimensions of the windows and the presence of wide or narrow frames on the summer veranda determine the future appearance of the building from the outside.

Install window blocks in the following way. Insert the prepared block into the opening and secure it in the corners of the opening with wooden wedges. After this, attach the window frame with nails in several places. Fill the gaps three-quarters with dry tow, and place tow soaked in gypsum mortar in the remaining quarter. Close the caulked gaps between the wall and the window frames with wooden trim.

Floor and stairs

It is recommended to lay the floor of the veranda in the form of a single plank covering; the boards should be placed on the logs that are embedded between the second and first crowns of the frame below. Floorboards and joists must be antiseptic and coated with a coloring compound for outdoor use. An extension of the floor is the top step of the porch.

After the veranda has been added, it is recommended to place a staircase and an entrance door under the roof of the extension. You can build a separate canopy. The extended top step of the staircase is best placed at the same level as the floor of the veranda. Elements of a straight staircase made of wood are usually attached to two side strings, which are located obliquely.

The board that serves as the bottom step is located on the ground, the ends of which lie close to the bowstrings and are fastened to them with nails. Next, it is customary to install inserts that are cut according to a template and follow the contour of the side board. They should also be attached to the bowstrings. Between them there is a central support board and a riser that holds the tread above.

Arrangement of the veranda

The finished door can be placed on any side, and you should be guided by the finished drawings. The process of finishing the extension depends on the existing solution for the façade of a country house, and it is worth considering treating all wood structures with antiseptics.

For developers who value thermal comfort, it is possible to create additional thermal insulation, allowing them to comfortably use the usable area in the winter. When decorating the interior, take into account fashionable design trends - colonial, rustic, Japanese, eco-style, in order to create a cozy corner to suit your taste from the materials you like.

Having built a veranda for a residential building, think about what kind of furniture you can put there. This is not an easy task because verandas are usually not large. Its walls often consist of many windows, and it is recommended to place shelves, cabinets and other tall pieces of furniture against a blank wall.

You can save useful space on the veranda if you install pieces of furniture that are multifunctional and collapsible. For example, you can place a table with a tabletop that is attached to the window board. When the need arises, it can be easily folded and lowered. It is customary to use a window sill board of impressive size as a table.

For seating, it is necessary to use folding chairs and an ottoman placed against a blank wall. As you know, there is a lot of light in the summer veranda. Often residents are happy with this, but sometimes they really want to avoid the sun’s rays. For these purposes, it is recommended to purchase various types of sun protection devices, such as blinds and curtains.

Many summer residents noted that in the summer it is better to be on the attached veranda than to spend time in closed, stuffy rooms. Besides, you already know how to attach a veranda to a country house. Do not spare building materials, your own strength and your time to make your home more comfortable and beautiful.

A veranda attached to a house is not always included in the original housing project. But the situation is completely correctable and an additional site can be developed after the completion of the main construction. Verandas differ in size, configuration and material of manufacture. Examples of drawings and photos will help you develop your own project, taking into account all the associated factors.

Design stage: what to consider

Drawing up a project before starting construction of a veranda attached to the house will significantly reduce the risk of errors and the development of defects during operation. The main points that are discussed before the construction of a veranda attached to the house begin:

• Location of the extension. Installation relative to cardinal directions significantly affects operating conditions.
• Veranda design. The attached site can be open or closed.
• Construction materials. The walls of the attached veranda deserve close attention; the volume of costs for the foundation design depends on this.
• When designing, take into account soil condition, direction of precipitation, amount of snow cover. The indicators influence the choice of supporting structure and the shape of the roof.
• After drawing up the project, carry out careful calculation of material consumption.

The enclosed veranda attached to the house is pictured below:

Location

When drawing up a project for an attached veranda, they take into account which side of the horizon it will face. This largely determines the conditions for further operation. There are four main options:

• East. Maximum solar activity is in the morning, by lunchtime and until the end of the day there is a pleasant shadow on the attached veranda.
• South. Ideally suited for a project where the extension will serve as a winter garden.
• West. If the owners of an attached veranda are romantic at heart and like to watch the sunset while relaxing in the evening, then this option is ideal for them.
• North. An attached site on the north side of the house is chosen in two cases: if the house is located in southern latitudes and there is a need to arrange a veranda in a cooler place, or if it is necessary to additionally insulate the wall of the main building.

The view that opens from the attached platform also matters. It is desirable that an attractive landscape stretches before your eyes. It is unlikely that vacationers will want to admire a blank fence or roadway.

The photo shows a simple veranda project and examples of finished structures:

Closed or open

The closed type of extension is more practical. In addition to daytime rest or eating, the space is used for various purposes. Usage options:

• summer cuisine;
• winter Garden;
• study;
• place for sports;
• as a hallway.

Comment! Year-round operation implies high-quality thermal insulation of the walls.

The attached open area is used only during the warm season. The advantages of choice are that the labor intensity of the construction process and material consumption are significantly reduced compared to a closed structure. Another advantage of an open veranda is the opportunity to spend more time in the fresh air. On a hot day, a light breeze will pleasantly blow across those present, although similar conditions can be provided in closed extensions.

When arranging the interior, the choice of furniture and textiles deserves special attention. They must withstand the influence of adverse factors. The open veranda attached to the house is shown in the photo:

Material

The appearance of the extension is determined by the material of the walls. In order not to disturb the harmonious exterior of a residential building, experts recommend organizing construction with similar materials. But a lot depends on the project and deviations from the rules are quite acceptable.

There are several arrangement options:

• Brick. Ideal for permanent housing if there is a need for a warm extension.
• Tree. It will come in handy in a wooden frame.
• Covering finished walls with siding will become a logical continuation of the main building with an identical finish.
• Polycarbonate. Used if lightweight construction and quick installation are required.
• Glass. Extensions, the walls of which are glazed to the floor, look very aesthetically pleasing and seem airy.

The roofing material used is similar to the roof of the main building. There are projects where the entire frame of the veranda is covered with polycarbonate. Verandas made entirely of glass look incredibly beautiful both outside and inside.

The photo shows a summer veranda attached to the house:

Dimensions and configuration of the extension

The parameters of the attached site are one of the key points in drawing up the project. This largely depends on the size of the house itself. It is illogical to attach a large terrace to a small home or vice versa. The construction budget also plays a role; an increase in dimensions proportionally entails an increase in construction costs.

Comfortable dimensions for use vary within the following limits:

• length from 4 to 5 m;
• width from 2.5 to 3.0 m.

If the owners of the house are hospitable hosts and large companies are not uncommon for them, the attached area can reach 7 m in length and 3.5 m in width. It's not practical to do anymore.

Attention! Heating in large rooms is usually not planned.

The traditionally attached veranda has a rectangular shape. This is due to the simpler design and construction conditions. Sometimes, if the area of ​​the local area allows and there are no restrictions on the construction budget, they choose the hexagonal configuration of the attached veranda. One of the project options is shown in the photo below:

During the preparation of the project, the design of the staircase, the size of the windows, the shape of the roof and the type of foundation are worked out. The depth of the foundation of an attached veranda with a large weight is usually located at the level of the main structure. The walls of the extension remain independent from the main structure. The roof is most often made pitched. The arrangement of the floor of the open veranda proceeds with a slope of about 20 mm per 1 m of width towards the site. This measure will prevent the accumulation of liquid during precipitation with strong winds.

The verandas attached to the house, shown in the photo below, can serve as an example for your own project:

Characteristics of brick verandas

A structure built of brick is characterized by practicality. Main advantages of the solution:

• Long-term operation without regular preventive maintenance.
• The ability to carry out external finishing in accordance with the exterior of the main structure, be it decorative plaster, artificial stone or siding.
• With high-quality initial design of external walls, it does not require subsequent maintenance.
• Operation of the attached closed veranda in winter, subject to heating.
• A wide range of finishing materials for interior design.

To preserve heat during the cold period, a closed veranda is built with thick walls, and thermal insulation material is used when decorating the roof. The attached summer area requires only half a brick of masonry.

Attention! The heaviness of the brick attached structure forces us to take care of the construction of a strip foundation.

The connection of the new attached veranda to the housing is not made rigid. It is enough to fill the joining seams with polyurethane foam. When the attached structure has settled down, you can proceed to thoroughly designing the seams.

Features of wooden extensions

The designs of wooden verandas attached to the main building look interesting. The solution is especially relevant for houses made of timber. Advantages of the material:

• Environmental Safety.
• Ease of processing.
• Variability of the configuration of the attached structure.

But wood requires certain preparation before construction and during subsequent operation. Pre-impregnation with protective compounds and periodic renewal of the protective layer, be it varnish or paint, will help extend the life of an attached veranda made of capricious material. The construction of the veranda frame is carried out using timber with a section of 80x120 mm or 100x200 mm. Sometimes they are replaced with logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

Depending on the exterior of the house, a stylistic solution for the attached structure is selected. Will it be a laconic structure or a veranda decorated with ornate balusters on the railings.

Wood is a popular material for decorating outdoor attached areas. The fairly light weight of the veranda allows you to get by with a columnar foundation. In this case, the material for the floor is moisture-resistant. Among the possible options:

• deck board;
• stone;
• tile.

The last two options significantly increase the weight of the attached structure, which should be taken into account in the project when developing the foundation.

For attached closed verandas, the usual flooring in the form of linoleum or laminated boards is suitable. If you plan to use the attached structure as a living room in winter, a fireplace will look very impressive in the interior. In this case, it is important to consider a fire safety system, because wood is extremely susceptible to high temperatures.

Practicality of polycarbonate

Arranging a private plot is rarely complete without polycarbonate. Projects of attached structures made of polycarbonate are a common and common phenomenon. The reason for its demand lies in the numerous advantages of the material. Among them:

• High strength. Compared to glass, this figure is 20 times higher.
• Operational safety. Even if the integrity of the attached veranda is damaged, the risk of injury from fragments is minimal.
• High light transmittance. Inside the veranda built from polycarbonate there will be enough natural light, but at the same time direct solar flows are scattered and UV rays are partially absorbed.
• Flexibility. Projects of attached structures using polycarbonate often offer designs with smooth lines. The material can be bent at home immediately before installation on the frame of the attached veranda without the use of special equipment.
• Operation is possible in the temperature range from -40 to +100 °C. Therefore, the attached structure will maintain its integrity in severe frost and in the hot sun.

Important! The absence of the need to build a foundation is one of the key advantages of projects where the attached site is framed with polycarbonate.

Glass aesthetics

A closed attached structure cannot do without glass. Depending on the purpose of the extension and seasonal use, glazing can be performed in one layer. In this case, it will protect the interior space from wind, debris and precipitation, but will not retain heat. Double or triple glazed windows can maintain high temperatures in cold weather.

It is recommended to decorate the attached closed veranda with windows for ventilation. This will eliminate the greenhouse effect during hot periods, especially if the structure faces the sunny side. Projects where the frames are removable are distinguished by their practicality. In this case, a closed attached structure can easily be converted into an open area.

Sometimes among projects there are structures where glass completely replaces walls. There are several arrangement options. These can be aluminum profiles and single-layer glazing or heavy plastic frames with a triple package. The choice depends on the planned use of the attached site. In the first case, it is seasonal in nature, in the second case, when heating is installed, it is possible to be on the veranda during the winter cold.

Frameless attached structures and sliding structures look unusually impressive. The cost of such a project is higher than standard proposals, and practicality is lower. This option is more suitable for warm regions or very wealthy owners who have enough other real estate for winter holidays.

Conclusion

The variety of materials when choosing a project for an attached structure allows you to create a unique recreation area, be it an open summer terrace or a secure closed veranda. Studying the associated factors will help you make the right choice. The proposed drawings and photos will become a guide when drawing up your own project.