How to make a simple electric motor at home. How to assemble a simple electric motor at home. How and why it works

To understand the manufacturing process asynchronous electric motor With your own hands you should know its structure and operating principle. If you follow the step-by-step instructions, make your own design with minimal costs on materials, since improvised means are used during assembly.

Preparation of materials

Before starting assembly, you must ensure that you have the necessary materials:

• insulating tape;
• thermal and superglue;
• battery;
• several bolts;
• bicycle spoke;
• wire made of copper material;
• metal plate;
• nut and washer;
• plywood.

It is necessary to prepare several tools, including pliers, tweezers, a knife, and scissors.

Manufacturing

First, the wire is wound uniformly. It is carefully wound onto a reel. To make the process easier, you can use a framework, taking, for example, rechargeable battery. The winding density should not be high, but light is also not needed.

The resulting coil must be removed from the base. Do this carefully so that the winding is not damaged. This is necessary to make a speed controller for the engine with your own hands. The next step is to remove the insulation at the ends of the wire.

At the next stage, they make a frequency converter for the electric motor with their own hands. The design is simple. A hole is drilled in 5 plates with an electric drill, then they should be put on a bicycle spoke, which is taken as an axle. The plates are pressed, and they are fixed using electrical tape, the excess is cut off using a stationery knife.

When it passes through the coil electricity, the frequency generator creates a magnetic field near itself, which disappears after turning off the electric current. Taking advantage of this property, one should attract and release metal parts, while turning on and off the electric current.

Manufacturing of current interrupting device

Taking the record small sizes, fasten it to the axis, pressing the structure with pliers for reliability. Next, they make the armature winding of the electric motor with their own hands. To do this, you need to take unvarnished copper wire.

Connect one end of it to a metal plate, installing an axis on its surface. The electric current will pass through the entire structure, consisting of a plate, a metal breaker and an axis. When contacting the breaker, the circuit is closed and opened, which makes it possible to connect the electromagnet and then turn it off.

Making a frame

The frame is necessary because the electric motor does not allow you to hold this device with your hands. The frame structure is made from plywood.

Making an inductor

2 holes are made in the plywood structure; subsequently, the electric motor coil is secured here with bolts. Such supports perform the following functions:

• anchor support;
• performing the function of an electrical wire.

After connecting the plates, the structure should be pressed with bolts. So that the anchor is secured in vertical position, the frame is made from a metal bracket. In its design, 3 holes are drilled: one of them is equal in size to the axis, and two are equal to the diameter of the screws.

Cheek making process

You need to put paper on the nut, and punch a hole on top with a bolt. After putting the paper on the bolt, a washer is placed at the top of it. In total, four such details should be done. The nuts are screwed onto the upper cheek, a washer should be placed underneath and the structure is secured with hot glue. The frame structure is ready.

Next, you need to rewind the wire for electric motors yourself. The end of the wire is wound onto the frame, while twisting the ends of the wire so that the coil is beautiful and presentable. Next, unscrew the nuts and remove the bolt. The beginning and end of the wire are cleaned of varnish, and then the structure is installed on the bolt.

Having made the second coil in a similar way, you need to connect the structure and check how the electric motor works. The bolt head is connected to the positive. Should be carried out smooth start electric motor assembled with your own hands.

You should pay close attention to your contacts. Before starting, you should check that they are connected thoroughly. The structure must be glued with superglue. As the current increases, the electric motor power increases.

If the coils are connected in parallel, then the total resistance decreases and the electric current increases. If the structure is connected in series. then the total resistance increases, and the electric current greatly decreases.

Passing through the coil structure, an increase in electric current is observed, which leads to an increase in size magnetic field. In this case, the electric magnet strongly attracts the electric motor armature.

If the design is assembled correctly, the electric motor operates quickly and efficiently. To assemble a model of an electric motor, you do not need any special skills or knowledge.

You can find it on the Internet step by step instructions with photos at each stage. Taking advantage of this, anyone can quickly assemble an electric motor from scrap materials.

Photos of electric motors with your own hands

Making an electric motor from what you have at hand is not at all difficult.

I came across the idea of ​​such a motor on the website www.crafters.ucoz.ru As you can see in the photo above, for the motor we need adhesive tape, a couple of pins, a magnet, a battery and a piece copper wire.

Instead of a regular battery, it is better to take a battery because the battery charge for such an electric motor will not last long. Take copper wire and wind 30-50 turns around the battery.

Secure the ends of the wire to the opposite edges of the resulting rotor; they will serve as the axis. They can be tied in a knot.

Clean both ends of the wire from varnish insulation sandpaper or a knife.

Now take a battery, tape and pins, attach the pins with tape to the battery contacts, insert the prepared copper rotor into the ears of the pins.

ATTENTION! At this moment, the circuit of our rotor closes the battery contacts and it is not recommended to keep this structure in a “quiet” position for a long time! The battery electrolyte can become very hot, so do not make the rotor less than 30 turns than more topics better (more resistance). Now place a magnet under the rotor on the battery, it will “stick” to the battery itself. The rotor will begin to rotate quickly.

The rotor should not touch the magnet and it would be even better if the magnet is at a distance of 5-10 mm from the rotor. Try a magnet in different positions, rotate it, try to move it away from the copper rotor, achieve maximum speed rotation.

This simplest example electric motor, we went through its circuit more than once in physics lessons at school, but for some reason we were never shown this simple and interesting design:) Let's watch a video of how this homemade motor works.

[video lost by rutube]

And today we’ll talk about how to make a fully working model of an electric motor from a battery, copper wire and a magnet. This layout can be used as a craft on the table of a home electrician, as clear example to explain how such mechanisms work, and simply as a fun trinket that can be given as a gift to a loved one. It’s quite simple to make and anyone can do it. You can put it together with your child, which will be great fun. Next we will provide detailed instructions with photos and video examples, so that the assembly of a simple motor is clear and accessible!

Step 1 – Prepare materials

To make the simplest magnetic motor with your own hands, you will need the following available materials:

Having prepared everything necessary materials, you can proceed to assembling a simple electric motor that runs on just one battery. Making a small electric motor at home is not difficult, as you will now see!

Step 2 – Assembling the homemade product

So, to make the instructions clear to you, it’s better to look at them step by step with pictures that will help you visually understand the principle of assembly.

We immediately draw your attention to the fact that you can remake and improve the design of your homemade small engine. For example, below we will provide you with several video lessons that may help you make your own version of the engine from a battery, copper wire and a magnet.

What to do if the homemade product does not work

If suddenly you have assembled a perpetual electric motor with your own hands, but it does not rotate, do not rush to get upset. Most often, the reason for the motor not rotating is too long distance between the magnet and the coil. In this case, you just need to trim the legs a little yourself, on which the rotating part rests.

Also check whether you have cleaned the ends of the coil well and whether contact is ensured in this place. The symmetry of the coil also plays an important role, so try to do everything carefully and slowly.

For a basic electromagnetic motor you need an AA battery, two paper clips, enameled wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm, glue or tape, plasticine for attaching the structure to the table, a small magnet, which should not be too large and not too small. The size of the magnet should be approximately the diameter of the coil. Buy them in this store.

How to make a simple motor.

Bend the paper clips. Make a basic coil of 6-7 turns from enamel-insulated wire. Secure the ends of the wire to the spool with a knot and strip one end of insulation along its entire length, and the other along its entire length, but only on one side.
Secure the battery clips with glue or other material. Place a magnet on top of the battery. Place the entire assembly on the table and secure it. Place the spool so that the ends of the spool are touching the paperclip with their stripped sides. When current flows through the wire, an electromagnetic field arises and the coil becomes an electromagnet. The magnet should be placed so that the poles of the magnet and the coil are the same, then the permanent magnet and the electromagnet coil will repel each other. This force turns the coil at the very beginning of the rotation due to the fact that one end is stripped along the length of only one side, it momentarily loses contact and the magnetic field disappears. By inertia, the coil turns, contact is restored again and the cycle begins again. As you can see, making a simple motor with your own hands is quite simple! it describes in more detail how to make a simple motor, which was discussed above.

The entire assembly of the magnetic motor on video

A simplified model of a motor made from a battery and wire

There are many types of electric motors and they can be classified according to different criteria. One of them is the type of electricity supplied to them. We can differentiate between DC and AC motors.

One of the first engines direct current DC was a Faraday drive, which, like many motors, was a reversible machine. After delivery mechanical energy it produced electricity (unipolar generator).

Today we are going to build a simple but working model of a DC motor.

Materials

The materials needed to make a toy can be found in every home. We need:

A small amount of wire in the enamel with a diameter of 0.3-0.6 mm
R6 – 1.5 V battery
The magnet may be small
Auxiliary materials: tin, rosin, a piece of wire and part of a universal printed circuit board for the “deluxe” version
Of course, we also need a soldering iron with resistance or transformer resistance.

We are working

The enameled wires should be wound around the battery, creating a small circle that will serve as the motor winding. Then, with the ends of the wire, wrap the winding so that it does not develop.

To get the impeller ready, you must still remove the insulating enamel on the ends of the wire that will serve as the axle. Additionally, one of them will also be a primitive switch. Therefore, if on the one hand we remove all the enamel, on the other hand we must do it only on one side, top or bottom:

The easiest way to do this is to place the straightened end of the wire on flat air, such as a countertop, and then scrape away the enamel on top using a razor blade. I remind you that the other end must be insulated around the perimeter!

Finally, straighten the axle so that Working wheel was as balanced as possible.

Then make two small hoops (bearings) in which the rotor will spin. The diameter of the rim should be about 3mm (it is best to use a winding nail).

Pieces of wire with bearings must be soldered to the battery. Then we will glue it together into a small magnet so that one of its poles points upward. It should all look something like this:

If you now turn on the rotor, it should rotate with high speed around its axis. Sometimes a little pre-start is required by gently turning the rotor until it "snaps" into place. This model of the electric motor performed during this action can be seen in the video:

We can also make a more durable version of this physical toy. I used a large magnet from an old speaker that I attached to a universal printed circuit board with fragments of wires. Also, more rigid brackets are soldered to it. The 4.5V coin cell battery sits underneath the plate, and also underneath that are the cables that provide voltage to the brackets. The jumper visible on the right side functions as a switch. The design looks like this:

The work of this model is also depicted in the video.

How and why does it work?

The whole joke is based on the use of electrodynamic force. This force acts on every conductor through which electric current flows when placed in a magnetic field. Its action is described in the left-hand rule.

When current passes through a coil, an electrodynamic force acts on it because it is in the magnetic field created by permanent magnet. This force causes the coil to rotate until the current is interrupted. This is due to the fact that one of the axes through which the current is supplied is isolated only along half the perimeter. Although the force is no longer working, the coil performs the second half of the rotation due to its inertia. This continues until the axis turns into its isolated side. The circuit will be closed and the cycle will repeat.

The presented electric motor is a simple but effective physical toy. The lack of any sensible practical applications makes the game very enjoyable.

Have fun and informative entertainment!