How to make a pump with your own hands at home: electric, water pump, membrane and others. Homemade water pump Do-it-yourself water pump for the garden

23.06.2020

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A centralized water supply system in small summer cottages is a great luxury. That is why, sooner or later, the problem of organizing water supply falls on the shoulders of their owners.

With a limited budget, installing a hand pump is considered the most rational way to solve the problem. We will understand all the intricacies of the operation of such equipment, as well as its manufacture with our own hands.

1 Operational features of hand pumps

A water hand pump for a well is a special device for pumping liquid to the surface under pressure. Equipment of this type is activated by human efforts by pressing a special lever mechanism.

The operation of manual installations requires the use of physical force, so it is rational to use them in areas with little need for water.

Of course, the speed of operation and volumes of liquid lifted by the pump are incomparable with automatic systems, but the lack of an uninterrupted source of electricity is forcing summer residents to increasingly implement this particular format of devices.

1.1 Advantages and disadvantages

The manual method of raising water from a well has a number of advantages and disadvantages. The positive points include:

The simplicity of the equipment was the reason for its quick installation.
Installation of the system is possible in almost any conditions.
Saving resources - the pump is driven by human effort, without requiring connection to the electrical network.
The device consists of standardized units and parts that can be replaced if necessary - this feature allows you to maximize the service life of the installation.
A hand pump is much cheaper than its analogues.
You save money on putting equipment into operation, because the process is so simple that it does not require the involvement of a specialist.

1.2 Classification of hand pumps

Pumps for pumping water from an Abyssinian or other well perform the same function, but their design and principle of operation are somewhat different. Depending on the specified criteria, equipment with a manual mechanism is classified into two categories:

piston pumps;
sucker rod pumps.

Manual piston pumps are used in cases where the water in the area is located at a shallow depth - up to 10 m.

The operating principle of the equipment is quite simple. The device is a metal cylinder with a piston inside. Under the influence of physical force, it alternately moves down and up. Raising the lever by a person leads to the displacement of liquid through the inlet, and lowering it leads to the filling of the space above the piston with water.

It’s not difficult to build such a simple device with your own hands and install it on your summer cottage.

A deep manual rod pump is a more complex mechanism that is designed to pump water from an Abyssinian well or any other depth of 10-30 m. Its design consists of a cylinder, a piston and a very long rod, which, under the action of a lever, starts the entire system. The sucker rod pump is located directly in, while its rod is immersed in the water layer to a depth of about 1 m.

To figure out which type of product is suitable directly for your operating conditions, you will have to study the basic criteria for choosing equipment.

2 How to choose a hand pump?

The choice of hand pump for pumping liquid will depend on a number of factors:

Well depth.

The most important criterion when purchasing equipment or making it yourself. To lift water from a shallow depth (up to 10 m), you can use simple mechanisms with a piston system. E If you have to pump liquid from an Abyssinian well with a depth of 10-30 m, you will have to choose a device with a rod system.

Well diameter.

Installation method.

When selecting a device, you need to think in advance whether there is a need for its further movement to another facility. This need often arises when liquid is taken from a river for household needs, and from a river for drinking.

Period of use.

The main element of a hand pump is a piston in a pipe

There are models on sale designed for year-round use, as well as inexpensive options with a plastic body for use in the summer.

By considering every detail in advance, you can be sure that a hand pump for pumping water will meet the user's expectations.

2.1 What are the stages of manufacturing and connecting a hand pump?

Assembling a hand pump with your own hands from available materials is a feasible task for every man. The main thing is to strictly follow these instructions:

We make the body.

For the body of a homemade pump, you will need a metal cylinder - this could be a piece of an old pipe or an unnecessary liner from a diesel engine. The length of the segment should be about 60-80 cm, and the diameter should be over 8 cm.

To ensure high-quality operation of future equipment, it is necessary to grind the inner surface of the pipe on a machine. By making the metal uneven, you will reduce the effort required to pump water.

Cut out the lid.

To make it, you can use metal or plastic. Be sure to make a hole in the lid for the rod. When the structure is ready, a piston is placed inside. After this, the bottom is closed with exactly the same lid with a valve. A water supply pipe is welded to the side.

Piston installation.

The piston can be made of wood, plastic or metal, the main rule is that it must be sealed with a rubber ring. When installing this structural element, it is necessary to leave a minimum gap between the walls of the housing, then water will not leak out.

Connecting the inlet pipe to the well.

The inlet pipe supplying water inside the device must be strong and durable. To ensure these characteristics, select reinforced hoses, rigid plastic elements or.

Installation of valves.

Check valves are special holes that are created in the piston body and the bottom cover of the metal cylinder. They determine the performance of the entire system. Valves prevent liquid from returning back into the incoming pipe.

To create them, you can use thick rubber, which is fixed to the hole using rivets.

Decorative works.

A homemade hand pump should have a comfortable handle. Its shape can be any, the main thing is to securely attach the element to the rod. In addition, the pump itself must be fixed on the prepared site using a flange.

By carrying out the entire range of work described above, you will ensure uninterrupted water supply in your own area.

2.2 Stages of creating a pump (video)

After acquiring a plot of land, the summer resident begins to solve the most important problems: he needs to start somewhere in order to settle down. The most important thing is to provide yourself with water. Indeed, since life arose in water, without it, all living things cannot exist for a long time. You can bring water from somewhere, but only for personal needs. The watering problem cannot be solved using this method. It’s good if there is water at least close to the site. Any, even small, body of water will suit you: a river or at least a stream. The ideal option is a spring, but such luck is rare. All that's left is to get a pump. By the way, at first, a homemade water pump will do. Its use will alleviate the problem.

This pump model, which does not require electricity to operate, can be used by craftsmen who are lucky enough to purchase a plot of land on the banks of a small but very stormy river.

The hose is laid in the barrel in even turns without creases or kinks. And the whole structure as a whole looks rather simple, but with its help water is regularly supplied to the shore

To create a pump you will need:

a barrel with a diameter of 52 cm, a length of 85 cm and a weight of approximately 17 kg;
hose wound in a barrel with a diameter of 12mm;
outlet (supply) hose 16mm in diameter;

There are also restrictions for the immersion environment: the working depth of the flow should not be less than 30 cm, the speed of water movement (current) should be 1.5 m/sec. Such a pump ensures that water rises to a height of no more than 25 meters vertically.

Components: 1 - outlet hose, 2 - sleeve coupling, 3 - blades, 4 - polystyrene foam floats, 5 - spiral winding of the hose, 6 - inlet, 7 - bottom of the structure. The barrel floats perfectly

Details of using this pump can be seen in the video.

Option #2 – homemade wave pump

This pump also takes advantage of the river nearby. In a reservoir without a current, such a pump is unlikely to be effective. To make it you will need:

accordion-type corrugated pipe;
bracket;
2 bushings with valves;
log.

The pipe can be made of either plastic or brass. Depending on the material of the accordion, the weight of the log must be adjusted. A log weighing more than 60 kg will fit a brass pipe, but a not so heavy load will be suitable for a plastic pipe. As a rule, the weight of the log is selected practically.

This version of the pump is suitable for a river and not with the most turbulent current, it is important that it is simple, then the “accordion” will contract and the water will be pumped

Both ends of the pipe are closed with bushings having valves. On one side, the pipe is attached to a bracket, on the other, to a log placed in water. The operation of the device directly depends on the movement of water in the river. It is its oscillatory movements that should force the “accordion” to act. The expected effect at a wind speed of 2 m/sec and with an increased pressure of up to 4 atmospheres can be approximately 25 thousand liters of water per day.

As you understand, the pump is presented in a simplified version. It can be improved by eliminating unwanted torque on the log. To do this, fix it in a horizontal plane by installing a ring stop on the lift using a bolt. The pump will now last longer. Another improvement option: soldered tips at the ends of the pipe. The bushings can simply be screwed onto them.

Particular attention should be paid to the preliminary preparation of the log. Don't forget that it will be placed in water. We prepare a mixture of natural drying oil and kerosene at a ratio of one to one. We impregnate the log itself with the mixture 3-4 times, and the cuts and ends, as the most hygroscopic, six times. The mixture may begin to harden during operation. When heated in a water bath, it will return fluidity without losing other properties.

Option #3 - a furnace that creates a pressure difference

The craftsmen whose idea was embodied in this miracle of engineering called their brainchild “pump furnace.” They, of course, know better, but at the initial stage of its operation this pump looks like a samovar. However, it doesn’t really heat the water, but creates a difference in pressure, due to which its work is carried out.

For such a pump you need:

steel barrel 200 liters;
Primus or blowtorch;
pipe with tap;
mesh nozzle for hose;
rubber hose;
drill.

The pipe with the tap must be cut into the bottom of the barrel. Close the top of the barrel with a screw cap. A hole is pre-drilled in this plug and a rubber hose is inserted into it. The mesh nozzle is needed to close the second end of the hose before it is lowered into the reservoir.

This version of the pump can even be called ingenious and, most importantly, this “device” will probably work well

Approximately two liters of water are poured into the barrel. A heating element (primus stove or blowtorch) is placed under the barrel. You can simply light a fire under the bottom. The air in the barrel heats up and exits through a hose into the reservoir. This will be noticeable by gurgling. The fire is extinguished, the barrel begins to cool, and due to the low internal pressure, water from the reservoir is pumped into it.

On average, it takes at least an hour to fill a barrel. This is provided that the hole in the hose has a diameter of 14 mm and a distance of 6 meters from the place from which the water is to be raised.

Option #4 – black grille for sunny weather

This product will require special devices. Where, for example, do you get a black grille, the hollow tubes of which contain liquefied propane-butane? However, if this part of the problem is solved, the rest does not cause any particular difficulties. So, there is a grille, and it is connected to a rubber bulb (balloon), which is placed in a can. There are two valves in the lid of this can. One valve lets air into the container, and through the other, air with a pressure of 1 atm exits into the air duct.

It’s really better to make the grate black, because black products always heat up more actively under the bright summer sun

This is how the system works. On a sunny day, water the grill with cold water. Propane-butane cools, and the gas vapor pressure decreases. The rubber balloon is compressed, and air enters the can. After the sun dries the grate, the steam will again inflate the bulb, and pressurized air will begin to flow through the valve directly into the pipe. The air plug becomes a kind of piston that expels water through the shower head onto the grate, after which the cycle repeats.

Of course, we are not interested in the process of watering the grate itself, but in the water that collects under it. Experts say that the pump functions perfectly even in winter. Only this time, frosty air is used as a coolant, and the grate is heated by water extracted from the ground.

Option #5 – supercharger made from a plastic bottle

If the water is in a barrel or other container, then using a watering hose in this case seems problematic. It's actually not that complicated. You can literally use scrap materials to construct a homemade pump for pumping out water, which will work on the principle of compensating the level of liquid in communicating vessels.

Water injection occurs as a result of several translational movements. The valve, which is located under the lid, does not allow water to return to the barrel, which forces it to flow out when its volume increases. This seemingly insignificant structure is a great help in dacha work.

For a hand pump you need:

a plastic bottle, the lid of which must have a plastic membrane gasket;
hose of suitable length;
a standard tube whose diameter corresponds to the size of the bottle neck.

How exactly such a pump can be assembled and how it will function, look at the video, where everything is explained in detail.

Option #6 – part from a washing machine

The habit of buying new things when there are old analogues is very ruinous. I agree that an old washing machine is no longer able to compete with new models, but its pump can still serve you well. For example, it can be used to pump out water from a drainage well.

The washing machine has long served its purpose. It was simply supplanted by new models with new capabilities. But her heart, the pump, is still capable of serving its owner.

The motor of such a pump requires a 220V network. But it is better to use an isolation transformer with reliable insulation of the input and output windings to power it. Don’t forget about high-quality grounding of the core or metal body of the transformer itself. We compare the power of the transformer and the motor.

We use a centrifugal type of pump, so we put a valve at the end of a hose lowered into water, and fill the system with water. The check valve, which is shown disassembled in the photo, can also be removed from the washing machine. And the blue ground stopper just fit perfectly so that the extra hole would also be closed. Surely you have something similar in your supplies.

Literally from garbage, as it turns out, you can assemble a completely functional thing that not only works, but does its job well and quickly

The resulting homemade pump works very well, pumping water from a depth of about 2 meters at a decent speed. It is important to turn it off in time so that air does not get into the system and you do not have to fill it with water again.

Option #7 – Archimedes and Africa

Everyone remembers very well the story about the screw invented by Archimedes. With its help, water supply was carried out even in ancient Syracuse, which did not know electricity. A very ingenious use of the Archimedes screw was invented in Africa. The carousel pump serves both as entertainment for local children and as a completely functional structure that provides water to a small settlement. If you have children and they have friends who love to ride the carousel, take this experience into your arsenal.

1– children's carousel, 2– pump, 3– aquifer layer, 4– water reservoir, 5– water column, 6– water return pipe in case the reservoir overflows

As you can see, there are a lot of possibilities for water supply. And electricity may not be involved at all in this matter. It turned out that even a schoolchild can make some water pumps with his own hands. It is important to have desire, a clear head and skillful hands. We'll give you ideas.

In cases where it is not possible to purchase high-quality and therefore expensive equipment, improvised materials come to the rescue. You can make almost anything out of them, the main thing is to be smart or scour the Internet. This article will tell you how to make a hand pump.

Water pump

In order to make a simple and useful unit for working in the garden or vegetable garden, you will need:

Tubes and hoses.
Bottle necks with cork.
Stationery knife.

Making a water pump:

There is a thin gasket in the plug. You need to take it out and remove a 2 mm strip from the edges, leaving a small section 3 mm thick. The result will be a circle with a protruding petal.
In the center of the lid you need to drill a hole with a diameter of 1 centimeter. We insert the cut gasket into place and screw the neck. As a result, the neck should press the petal to the lid.
The resulting valve must be installed in the rod tube. A skirt made from a cut bottle is connected to it.
An outlet hose is connected to the other side.

A device made in this way will allow you to get rid of some debris on the site.

water pump

The classic pump scheme, which has been used for several decades in many villages and towns without running water.

The simplicity of the design allows it to be used in disadvantaged areas without extra costs. An excellent option for a plot of land that has a well.

The following components will be needed:

PVC pipe 5 cm in diameter with plug and elbows.
Check valves 0.5 2 pieces.
PPR pipe 2.4 cm in diameter.
Rubber gaskets and several pairs of bolts with a 6-8 mm nut.
Additional details.

Let's make a pump.

In order for the structure to work, it is necessary to ensure the reliability and tightness of the structure. The handle is connected to a piston, which creates pressure in the working chamber. Under the influence of increased pressure, water passes through two valves and reaches the outlet. If you do not ensure the reliability of the housing and the tightness of the gasket, your efforts will be in vain

Solar pump

Before making a heat pump, you need to purchase the following components:

Metal hollow grille.
Cylinder with propane-butane mixture.
Rubber bulb.

The operating principle of such a device is extremely simple. The metal grid is filled with gas and connected to a rubber bulb. The pear is placed in a tank and the cracks are hermetically sealed. It is necessary to place two valves in the tank, one at the inlet and one at the outlet.

Under the influence of solar energy, the gas will increase in volume, pushing air through the outlet valve, which in turn will create a pressure difference in the water container. Some of the water will be directed to the irrigation device above the grate.

Under the influence of water, the mixture will cool and decrease in volume, at which point the volume of extruded air in the tank with the bulb will be restored. The main condition for the operation of this installation is its location in a sunlit place.

Hand pump

Assembling a homemade bicycle pump is actually quite simple. In order for it to work normally and not require excessive effort, you need to carefully select the dimensions of the working parts.

What you will need for assembly:

Pipe up to half a meter long, of arbitrary diameter.
The metal disk is 2 mm narrower than the diameter of the pipe.
Valve.
Schlag.
Thick reinforcement.

It will be more of a stationary pump. If desired, it can be made smaller and from lighter materials.

On one side the pipe needs to be soldered. A reinforcement of a convenient length for use is welded into the center of the metal disk. A hole is drilled through which air will be pumped. A valve is installed in it.

In order for the disc to move in a strictly vertical direction slightly above the valve, it is necessary to add a bearing that will control the movement. On the side of the pipe, near the sealed end, a hole is drilled for the air outlet hose.

If desired, you can install a cross from the bottom for greater stability of the unit. If air leaks occur around the round disc, you can use a rubber or silicone gasket.

Pool water pump

In order to make a device that allows you to fill the pool in the shortest possible time, you will need:

Motor from a washing machine.
Reed valve.
Cork.
Hose.
Separating transformer.

Using a plug, you need to close one hole in the valve.

Before you make a pool pump with your own hands, you need to purchase a reed valve. It needs to be connected to a hose and lowered into a water source. The second end of the hose is connected to the pump.

After the entire structure is filled with water, you can connect the engine to the transformer.

Photo instructions on how to make a pump with your own hands

After purchasing a garden plot, a summer resident has to solve the most difficult task in life: settling in a new place. The most important thing is to establish a water supply, because imported water will not be enough for a long time. The problem of watering is also not solved in this way.

It’s good if the house is located near some body of water: a river or stream. In this case, you will need a water supply pump. As an option, you can consider a homemade water pump. Such a device can be created from various materials. Water is drawn in the following way: a person makes forward movements and allows the internal valve to move, while water flows out through the hose. Using a pump will alleviate the problem of watering.

This article provides ideas for making models of mini water pumps or mini pumps, as they are called by many. These are simple and cheap homemade products that will definitely come in handy in the household for pumping water.

Important! Water from a well can be lifted to an above-ground reservoir using one of two types of pumps: piston or centrifugal. Both of them, although they work on different physical principles, are designed to solve the same problem of delivering or moving water from one place to another. When choosing the type of pump, energy consumption is taken into account, as well as the ease of troubleshooting in case of breakdown.

Pump characteristics

How to make a water pump with your own hands? To create a pump, the first thing you need is materials. In this case, first of all, you need to focus on the following criteria:

The power on which the speed of pumping water from the well depends. On average, for pumping from wells, boreholes, reservoirs and storage tanks, it is 350-400 W;
Maximum degree of pressure. The approximate required watering pressure for the garden is 40 m;
Strength and moisture resistance of the material. For example, the best material for making the body is cast iron, the impeller is brass, the shaft is stainless steel, and the mechanical seal is ceramographite.

If you take into account all the above criteria, you will be able to build an effective pump, and water will be pumped from the well in a matter of minutes.

A cheap pump for overflowing water can be made from almost nothing: from two plastic bottles with and without a stopper, a piece of plastic pipe of suitable diameter and a spout hose.

Production process

First, the valve is cut out, for which the gasket is removed from the cover and cut in a circle. In this case, the diameter of the gasket should be smaller than the neck of the bottle;
An eight-millimeter hole is drilled in the center of the bottle cap. Next, the gasket is inserted, the cut neck is screwed on - all this is done to clamp the membrane and obtain a reed valve. A pipe is inserted into the finished valve;
From another bottle, a kind of funnel is made, which is fixed on top of a plastic pipe;
A spout hose is attached to the other end of the pipe.

In this way, you can make the simplest pump with your own hands to pump out water. With the help of a sharp up and down movement of the hand, water is brought through a plastic pipe to the spout. Then the liquid flows by gravity.

Diaphragm pump

In order to make a diaphragm pump with your own hands, you must first disassemble such a failed unit and see how it works. The device includes:

two compartments located opposite each other;
high-strength membrane;
distributor.

During operation of the device, one compartment is filled with air, the other with water. As a result of displacement, water begins to move through the chambers. When the position of the membrane changes due to the operation of the valves, it is discharged through the pipes.

A pneumatically driven diaphragm pump, which has compact dimensions and low weight, can be disassembled in three minutes. You only need two keys. So, one by one:

the rod with the drive shaft is removed from the very center of the pump;
the membrane is removed;
valves are removed that prevent reverse suction of the pumped medium.

Control and shut-off valves are necessary elements in every water system; their purpose is to regulate the flow of water.

Having studied the internal composition, you can begin to assemble the device yourself.

For information. The areas of application of diaphragm pumps are very diverse: chemical, oil, paint and varnish, food industries. The main advantages are: no piston, no need for gaskets, no sparking. The operating principle is based on the laws of hydraulics and pneumatics.

How to make a hand pump

A water pump is very necessary in the spring and summer season. To make a manual water pump with your own hands, just look through thematic pages on the Internet. The solution can be found by exploring several options. Preference is most often given to Soviet-era designs; they are many times more reliable and better built than today’s ones.

So, how to make a hand pump for a well for an eight-meter well? For this you will need a welding machine and used materials.

Main details

five-liter carbon dioxide fire extinguisher with a wall thickness of 5 mm;
two three-quarter flows - one for the spout (on the side), the other for the water intake (at the bottom);
sealing rubber;
half-inch pipe - 1 meter;
two valves;
a pond with a diameter of 14 mm for the rod so that it fits perfectly into the head of the fire extinguisher;
lever 12 mm thick, 28 mm wide and 70 cm long;
basic support post 12 mm thick, 28 mm wide;

Additional elements are also used:

a frame measuring 7x30x25 cm on which everything is attached;
mounting bracket 4x35 mm;
steel handles for carrying the structure;
M8 bolts for attaching the lever arms.

Three-quarter size surges are taken to increase the passage and reduce the load when pumping water. You can make them half an inch in size. The leads are welded to the pump housing (fire extinguisher). But first the body itself is made.

Description of the manufacturing process

The principle of operation of the pump is to create a vacuum suction of well water, on this basis a device is created.

The bottom of the fire extinguisher is cut off. Between its body and the frame a sealing rubber is placed, pre-cut to the size of the body. In this case, the structure is attached to the base in four places using corners. Bolts and washers are used for fastening. To simplify things, you can simply burn holes in the metal on which the rod runs. This hole is central and must be made carefully using a welding machine;
A thread bend is welded to the rod and a return piston is screwed in, playing the role of a check valve in the system. A five-millimeter metal circle with 10 mm holes for the passage of water is used as a piston. On top of it, a cuff cut from ordinary sheet rubber is placed on a rod of the same diameter;
The entire installation is supported on support legs, which are fastened with M12 bolts. The legs are screwed into nuts welded to the frame. The design is completely collapsible;
After all welding work is completed, the pump is primed and painted.

The rod is rigidly connected to the handle. When the rod begins to move, the cuff rises up, and water, seeping through the holes of the piston, rises to exit through the side outlet (column spout). The pumping handle should swing freely left and right.

The pump pumps out approximately two to three liters of water at a time. Such a pump for pumping water is useful for drawing water from a reservoir such as a well or a well.

For information. All pumps use the basic forces of nature to move fluid. Once the moving parts of the pump begin to move, the water is pushed out to the side.

Remaking a Chinese pump

Surely many have been burned by purchasing Chinese-made brushless pumps. The devices are not bad, but they often break down: the very filling of the pumps is covered - the electronics, filled with epoxy resin. A Chinese rocking chair lasts a maximum of two weeks on a solar collector. Having become a little more familiar with the operating principle of the device, you can remake Chinese water pumps with your own hands. It will turn out as in the saying “If you want it to work as it should, do it yourself.”

How to make a water pump from a Chinese broken product? First of all, disassemble the pump and look at the assembly diagram. One of the parts needed to assemble a new device is an impeller; it is difficult to make it yourself.

A new homemade water pump is assembled from a powerful Soviet-era engine, a coupling and a Chinese-made impeller. The creation is installed on the solar collector, and the issue with the pump disappears for a long time. It will work productively.

Important! A converted pump for a well with your own hands will need to be protected from dust, which is a common cause of breakdowns of propulsion equipment.

The completed unit is attached and tested in action. This homemade pump perfectly pumps water from a depth of two meters. It will last for several years of reliable operation, given the way it works cyclically.

For seasonal irrigation, devices with a minimum of wearing parts are mainly used:

self-made asynchronous centrifugal pump;
three-phase brushless unit.

In terms of popularity, the design of a centrifugal electric pump for water surpasses many pumping devices for similar purposes.

Making a pump for pumping water, if you figure it out, is not at all difficult. Made with your own hands, it will become a reliable and effective means for household needs: watering, drawing drinking water from a well. This technically simple design will help reduce electricity and water consumption.

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Of course, now on the shelves of construction supermarkets and in the assortment of a huge number of online stores you can find a wide selection of water pumps of various models and purposes. Deep well pumps and surface devices are available for sale. It would seem that the prices are quite affordable, but, nevertheless, some things can and should be done yourself. This is a kind of relaxation, exercise for the mind and hands. Moreover, making a water pump with your own hands is quite simple.

Why do you need a homemade pump?

The biggest drawback of all pumps offered for sale in stores is the fact that most of them must be connected to power lines. But this phenomenon in many dachas, especially in the initial period of their construction, is quite rare.

In addition, electricity tariffs can be steep, and every summer resident or owner of a country house knows about cases of power outages. That's why it would be a good idea for every frugal homeowner to have a backup unit at their disposal that can pump water. If you have such a device at hand, you can always provide water to the plants in your garden, and simply use it at any critical moment.

How does a simple water piston pump work?

The most common device for extracting water from wells or reservoirs is a piston-type pump. The principle of its operation is very simple.

This type of pump has a cylinder inside which a piston moves. Inside the cylinder there is an inlet valve and an outlet pipe, which can also be equipped with a valve. The outlet valve can also be mounted directly on the piston. To facilitate work, a spring can be installed between the piston and the inlet valve, which attracts the piston to the end of the cylinder with the inlet valve.

When the piston moves along the cylinder, a vacuum of air is created, which opens the valve and draws water through the inlet pipe. When the piston moves back, the inlet valve closes and the water exits through the outlet pipe or valve. The motor for this type of pump is muscle power and its performance depends on the volume of the cylinder and the applied forces. Of course, you cannot provide a complete water supply with the help of such a device, but at a critical moment it can easily pump water for you to water your garden beds. Such pumps are installed in shallow wells, the so-called Abyssinian-type tube wells.

It is quite possible to make such a simple piston pump yourself, having at hand a minimal set of equipment and possessing the simplest technological skills.

How to make a piston pump yourself

Step 1

We form a cylinder body. It can be made from a piece of ordinary metal pipe with a cross-section of 8-10 centimeters. The length of such a segment should be about 80-100 centimeters. In order for the piston to move along the inner surface of the pipe without delay, it is necessary to use a pipe with the appropriate characteristics or process a section. The inner surface can be treated using specialized equipment or with ordinary sandpaper, which is mounted on a wooden stick.

It is worth noting that a perfectly round internal cross-section is not at all necessary for a piston pump - the body of the pumping device can be made from a pipe of any configuration, for example, square or hexagonal.

Step 2

Brackets are welded to the pump body to secure the pump lever. They are made from a metal corner. The pump lever should fit freely between them.

Step 3

Closer to the top of the future pump, a hole is made in the body for subsequent connection of the drain spout, which can be located on any part of the pipe relative to the lever brackets: opposite or to the side.

Step 4

We make a cover that covers the lower end of the piston pump housing. If you have welding skills, then it is reasonable to cover the end with a metal welded plate. But the cover for the pump housing can be made from any available hard materials. For example, larch has excellent resistance to moisture. Over time, it only becomes stronger from contact with water. However, it will be difficult to connect the well head to a wooden pipe, so the most reasonable solution would be a thick steel cap, inside of which a hole is cut for the well pipe head, or a pipe is welded to it.

Step 5

For more efficient operation of the pump, you can also make a top cover. It will keep the collected water from splashing. There are no special requirements for strength, so it can be made of plastic or wood with a hole for the pump rod. During operation, the rod will move slightly in the direction that coincides with the location of the pump lever, so that the hole should be shaped like a slot.

Step 6

We make a piston. It is a plate identical in shape to the cross-section of the pump housing.

The piston consists of two parts:

the piston itself 2-3 centimeters thick, which will create a pressure difference when moving;
covering him piece of rubber about 5 millimeters thick.

3-4 holes with a diameter of a centimeter are made in the piston body; the top of the piston is covered with rubber, which plays the role of a kind of valve. A hole is formed in the center of both piston parts for attaching the rod.

Step 7

We make a pump rod. It should be attached at one end to the center of the piston (tightened on the reverse side with a nut), and at the other end to the piston lever. The rod is made of a metal rod with a cross-section of approximately 0.5-1 centimeter.

Step 8

We make a piston lever. We make it from a metal pipe with a diameter of about 3 centimeters. It should be attached in the middle part to a long bolt passing between the two brackets. At the top, the pipe is flattened and holes are cut in it for the bolt securing the rod. The part of the piston lever that you will hold with your hands is wrapped with electrical tape or cord for convenience.

Step 9

We make an inlet valve. It is a piece of thick rubber (or other durable but heavy material) shaped to match the cross-section of the pump housing. The cross-section of the valve must be larger than the internal cross-section of the head of the water intake well, but smaller than the internal cross-section of the pump housing. A guide is attached to the valve in the center, which will allow it to return to the well pipe after lifting. The length of the guide rod must be greater than the distance from the lower end of the pump housing to the drain hole.

Step 10

We install the pump housing with its lower end on the pipe. If you pre-cut threads on the well head and on the pump inlet pipe, then the connection will go through without problems. To increase the strength of the structure, supports can be welded to the pump body, which are fixed to a horizontal frame lying on the ground.

The inlet valve rod is lowered into the hole in the lower end of the pump leading into the well pipe. Then a piston with a rod attached to it is inserted into the pump housing. The pump lever is bolted to the rod, which in turn is bolted to the brackets. Our pump is ready.

At the initial stage, the piston is at the bottom, the intake valve is closed, the end of the lever is at hand in the upper position. When you press the lever, the piston goes up, creates a vacuum and raises the inlet valve, drawing in water. At the same time, the water that is above the piston rises up and pours out through the neck. After reaching the bottom point, you change the force vector and begin to lift the lever. The lower inlet valve closes and prevents water from flowing into the well. The rubber on the piston rises and allows water to flow into the space above the piston. The piston reaches the bottom point and the cycle repeats.

A pump of this type can be used not only to pump water out of a shallow well, but also to lift it from a nearby body of water. To do this, it is not the well head that is attached to the lower pipe, but a hose, the other end of which is thrown into the nearest pond or lake. It is worth considering that such pumps are not capable of creating water pressure or raising it to a level exceeding the height of the sewing neck above the ground. It is reasonable to dig a barrel or bathtub next to such a pump, into which you can collect water and then use it as needed.

We build a wave pump with our own hands

You can make a rather interesting device with your own hands that will pump water from the nearest body of water without the use of muscular effort, solely using the energy of the waves.

Step 1

The main working part of such a device is an accordion - a hollow cylinder that changes its volume when it is stretched or contracted vertically. You can rack your brain trying to find it, but in fact, you can limit yourself to just one row of “accordion”. A car camera of a suitable volume will help us out. The nipple will also be useful to us - it will perfectly play the role of an exhaust valve. A narrow hose is connected to it, preferably equipped with a mesh valve at the end. At the bottom of the tire, which will lie on the water, another nickel is glued, but in reverse. It will serve as the release valve in our device. A hose is led from it to a container on the shore.

Step 2

At the bottom of the chamber there is a platform equal in size to the chamber. The platform can be made from any suitable wood material. Its buoyancy can be artificially increased by gluing pieces of foam plastic or simply empty closed plastic bottles to it from below. The bottom platform is attached to the bottom of the camera, for example, with tape or tape.

Step 3

From above, the position of the camera is fixed by a wooden platform of a suitable size.

Step 4

Along the sides of the chamber and platforms, pillars are dug into the bottom of the reservoir. Two is enough. The upper platform is rigidly attached to the pillars, and the lower one slides along them, for example, along wire loops.

That's all. The wave lifts the lower platform, compresses the chamber and displaces the water in it into the hose through the outlet valve. The wave descends and creates a vacuum in the chamber, which sucks water from the reservoir through the inlet valve. The system operates absolutely without human intervention.

This pump can be built using other materials, but the general principle of its operation remains the same.

We build our own fire pump

Why not combine business with pleasure and build a water pump that will run on the power of fire? This way you can combine three endless things: observing the fire, the flow of water and the operation of others, in this case the pump. Such a pump can be built using an ordinary iron barrel with a capacity of 200 liters.

We are building a stove to heat the barrel. It may be a primitive structure made of bricks. You can supplement it with a grate.
Let's modify the barrel. An outlet tap should be located in its lower part.
In the top cover of the iron barrel, insert a rubber hose into the hole there. The hose should fit tightly, without gaps. We place a mesh filter at the second end of the hose and throw it into the nearest body of water.
Fill a barrel with a couple of liters of water and build a fire under its bottom. Close the outlet valve. After heating, the expanded air will go into the reservoir. Then the fire is extinguished and the contracting air draws water from the pond through the hose into the barrel.

Building a solar powered pump

Instead of the energy of fire, you can use the warmth of the sun's rays.

Such a device will continuously pump water into a summer shower on a hot day. A pump powered by solar energy is being built using the following technology.

We are looking for a lattice of tubes. You can paint existing structures with black paint. The grid must have one exit.
The outlet of the grid is directed into the side surface of the container, for example, an aluminum can.
Inlet and outlet valves are placed on the container lid. You can use nipples from car tires.
A rubber cylinder, for example, a piece of the same car inner tube, is connected to the grate pipe inside the can.
The outlet pipe in the can lid is connected by a hose or pipeline to a pipe immersed in a container of water or in a well. The second end of the pipe from the well is led out through an additional outlet above the black grate and is equipped with a tip from a garden watering can.

The pump is ready. When the grate heats up, the air in it expands and inflates the balloon, displacing the air from it. The rubber balloon is inflated and, through a release valve, forces air through a tube into a pipe immersed in water. Air bubbles enter the pipe and rise upward, carrying the water with them. Part of the water is drained through the watering can and cools the grate. The cycle repeats again.

You can improve the device by pumping gas from a household propane-butane cylinder into the grille.

Such a device can work even in winter, only now atmospheric air cools the contents of the grate, and water from an underground well (its temperature is above zero) heats it.

We build a water pump from a car brake chamber

If you have several brake chambers lying around in your garage, you can also use them to make a simple water pump.

We disassemble the brake chamber. We seal all found holes with sealed patches.
We install two valves on the lower surface: inlet and outlet.
A hole is cut in the upper part of the part for the piston rod.
The piston itself will be a piece of rubber - a membrane sandwiched between the upper and lower parts.
We connect the membrane with the rod through gaskets and bolts.
At the side of the device we attach a bracket for connecting the pump lever.
We connect the lever to the bracket, and the end of the lever to the rod.

The pump is ready. By moving the lever, we create a vacuum or excess pressure in the lower part of the device. Depending on the position of the membrane, the inlet or outlet valves open.

Piston Water Pump Prices

manual piston water pump

As you can see, with a little skill and imagination you can build a water pump yourself from almost any available means. If you want to learn a few more techniques, watch the tutorial video.