How to make a caisson for a well with your own hands. Video: how to make a concrete pit for a hydraulic accumulator. Types and cost of caissons Eurolos

Increasingly, wells are used as a source of water supply for private homes. They provide cleaner water than wells because they use deeper aquifers. When creating a source, one should not forget that in winter time The temperature on the soil surface is sub-zero. Such conditions explain why a caisson is required for a well. A caisson for a well is a special structure that protects the top of the well from external influences.

Various caissons per well perform several functions at once. Firstly, they protect the pipe coming out of the ground and pump equipment from frost. A conventional caisson for a well is installed deep into the ground and maintains a positive temperature inside.

Secondly, the caisson for the well protects it from penetration groundwater. If a protective tank is not installed, surface water after a rainstorm or melting snow can flood the pipe entrance and penetrate into the aquifer.

Thirdly, the presence of a container makes it easier to access the equipment even in winter.

Now all caisson options for a well are divided into groups according to two criteria. The first classification is based on the shape of these structures. They come in round, square and rectangular.

Based on the type of materials, the following options for caissons per well are distinguished:

• brick;
• reinforced concrete;
• metal;
• plastic.

Brick and reinforced concrete caissons

These types of downhole equipment appeared the very first. It was from brick and reinforced concrete that the necessary structures were first made. They are relatively cheap and thorough. This option is really convenient if, after building a house, there are still bricks or concrete with formwork left. This will save you from additional expenses. But still, this option of caissons for a well has many disadvantages.

If iron is used for arrangement concrete rings, then you will need special equipment. Heavy materials cannot be delivered or installed without it.

All seams and joints should be carefully sealed. External waterproofing will also be useful, otherwise the concrete and mortar holding the bricks together will quickly become unusable. Waterproofing must be reliable and of high quality, which significantly increases final cost such a caisson for a well.

Metal models of caissons

These structures are made from sheet steel, the thickness of which is about four millimeters. Steel allows you to create a sealed version of the caisson for the well. The product will be lighter compared to one made of concrete. As a result, installing the caisson turns out to be much simpler, but even in this case it will be necessary special equipment and technology. It won't be possible to do without them.

Cons metal structures is susceptible to corrosion. They require anti-corrosion coating And good waterproofing. If these protective components are not present, then there is a high probability of rapid destruction of the structure.

One more important point is the use of thermal insulation. Steel conducts heat significantly better than concrete and brick, so in cold weather the temperature inside can drop below zero, which should not be allowed. A caisson for a well is needed to protect against low temperatures, otherwise the equipment will stop working or fail. To exclude such a development of events, it is necessary to carefully insulate the metal container.

Plastic version

Well drilling has recently become increasingly popular. This is due to their many advantages.

If you purchase plastic version, then it will not need to be supplemented with waterproofing or anti-corrosion protection. Such a caisson for a well is completely sealed, and its material is not destroyed when exposed to aggressive environments.

Installation of the caisson can be carried out easily with my own hands. No special equipment is required to carry out the work.

During operation, the plastic structure does not require any repair work and periodic maintenance. A ladder can be lowered inside the tank to make it possible to control the operation of the pump and other equipment.

The service life of plastic structures exceeds fifty years. No other model has this kind of durability.

The thermal insulation characteristics of plastic are high, therefore additional insulation not required. If a well with a caisson is installed to the north middle zone, then you can perform the installation with the installation of an insulating shelf.

The cost of the design is democratic. This state of affairs allows us to reduce the costs of well development.

Installation process

Let's look at the installation of a caisson using an example plastic construction. First, a pit is dug the right size. Its parameters should be approximately thirty centimeters larger than the dimensions of the container. The hole deepens a little to arrange the base.

The base consists of layers of sand, gravel and concrete. First, the soil is leveled, compacted and covered with a layer of sand. Next, lay out fine gravel. A reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the gravel layer and concrete is poured.

After the concrete has hardened, the structure is placed in the pit and the head is installed on the casing pipe. When the container is installed, it is secured. Some models have cavities for pouring concrete. The space between the walls of the pit and the installed structure is simply covered with earth if the soil is dry and stable. If groundwater comes close to the surface, then all gaps are filled with concrete, and reinforcement can be used.

Before pouring, leave space for pipes and cables to exit. Pumping equipment is installed after the concrete has completely hardened.

The fact is that a metal caisson with a wall thickness of 3 mm weighs less than a plastic caisson with a wall of 8 mm. With all this, the price of both caissons is approximately the same, with an advantage still in the direction of plastic ones (they are more expensive). Here's a simple example: ordinary meth. 1x2 caisson stands at different manufacturers from 11 to 15 thousand rubles. Plastic ones start from 18 and go up to 90,000 rubles. For example, I can easily weld the required sleeve into a metal caisson, for any casing pipe. For example, for 133, 146 is perfect - it fits on with virtually no gap, so that if you go along the edge with a continuous seam, then the caisson will never float up in life and the tightness will be ensured (although this still depends on the craftsman). If the gap between the casing pipe and the sleeve is 1-2 cm, then in such cases we make 3 side cuts in the sleeve, weld ordinary nuts there and crimp them with spacer bolts. After which a jute rope is caulked into the gap and everything is spilled bitumen mastic. I assure you that the environment does not suffer in this way. Everything is quite easy to do... Another advantage of meth. The caisson is capable of releasing nozzles in any direction and of any diameter. For me, for example, take a basic meth billet. a caisson at the factory and modifying it to suit the customer’s needs on site is incomparably easier than fiddling with a plastic one (but again, this is not for everyone). It is enough to simply weld an ordinary bend to it in in the right place and it seems to me that it takes much longer to drill out a thick wall of plastic (and even a 32 drill), insert a crimp rubber-metal coupling there, etc. As for installation in plastic caissons, there are special ones. couplings that work on the principle of the same head and that’s another + 6,000 rubles. And finally, meth. The caisson has one more remarkable quality - it is very easy to attach and weld a metal strip from the house to it and we get an excellent grounding loop that will comply with all existing standards.
And the last thing! Lately, clients of deep artesian wells, where the water quality leaves much to be desired. Even expensive equipment, which costs $4,000 and more, does not always cope with dissolved iron. And you need to understand that most customers, after drilling a well and losing at least $10,000, as a rule, do not attach due importance to this problem and install cheaper systems... and in the end they “get caught” again. So, with the help of ordinary welding, we can completely freely cut a hole in the bottom of a metal caisson and drill directly through it into clean “spring” water carriers and thus save the client from these problems once and for all. Everything I describe is, of course, mine, purely individual approach to the point. If desired, the same results can be achieved with plastic caissons, but it seems to me that this will be much more difficult to achieve. And here's another thing...! Indeed, high-quality plastic caissons appeared relatively recently. And how many lopsided, flattened and broken homemade plastic devices have we seen before...?!
Sincerely.

Drilling a water well is a responsible, labor-intensive and not always budgetary process. Will justify the invested effort and resources, reliable and effective work water source. To do this, you will need not only to equip it modern devices, but also take care of protection from a number of external influences. A good helper in this case there will be a caisson for the well.

What is a borehole caisson

A sealed container that is buried in the ground and fixed to the casing pipe is a caisson. In the zone of soil freezing - with additional insulation - it protects the well from low temperatures and prevents dirty substances from entering its main trunk. Wastewater. It also contains necessary equipment– water filter, hydraulic accumulator, pressure sensors, etc. Due to its sufficient volume, the caisson significantly facilitates the process of servicing the well and carrying out some repair work.

The device of such a capacity is simple. There is a hole for the casing pipe at the bottom, and holes for connection on the side walls water pipes and cable laying. A ladder is often installed inside to provide quick access to equipment. If you don’t have it, then you can purchase a convenient folding version in specialized stores. The top of the caisson is hermetically sealed with a lid.

Types and features of choosing caissons

The main criteria for distinguishing well caissons are their shape, volume and material of manufacture. The form can be any, but the most common are finished goods, having in cross section shape of a circle, square or rectangle. The volume can vary widely, the most popular is 1100-6500 liters. When choosing a volume, you must proceed from the location of the container and the need to place equipment in it.

Note! The larger the tank, the more funds will be needed for its installation and insulation.

The main criterion for distinguishing caissons is the material of manufacture. Here you need to carefully study all the advantages and disadvantages of each option.

Plastic containers

The best option in terms of price and quality ratio.

Advantages:

• High degree resistance to moisture, do not require additional waterproofing.
• Relatively light weight, making installation and transportation easier.
• They are not subject to corrosion, which allows you to save on appropriate impregnations.
• Reasonable price.

The number of shortcomings is more modest:

• The plastic caisson chamber has little rigidity. Even with a wall thickness of 4 cm, it can deform under the weight of the soil and damage the equipment installed inside.

The deficiency can be compensated by filling cement mortar along the perimeter of the container or backfill free space sand-cement mixture. The recommended proportion is 5:1. This is an additional expense that needs to be taken into account.

Metal coffered chambers

For their manufacture, steel is most often used, but aluminum options are also available. Such containers can be purchased ready-made or made independently from sheets of metal 4-5 mm thick. This will require skills in working with welding machine and assistants.

Advantages of metal products:

• Excellent strength properties.
• Long service life.
• High degree of tightness.
• Stability in the ground. Unlike plastic caissons, they do not require additional fixation.

Flaws:

• Heavy weight making work difficult. To install large containers, it may be necessary to use lifting equipment.
• The need for coating with anti-corrosion compounds (factory products are already protected from moisture).
• Good thermal conductivity, which requires careful insulation of the chamber winter period.
  The cost of such containers is higher than that of plastic analogues.

Caissons made of reinforced concrete rings and concrete

Insulation of the upper part of the wellbore using reinforced concrete products (rings) is already outdated. The reasons for this are simple:

• High cost of construction.
• Hygroscopicity of concrete, which will require additional costs for waterproofing.
• Heavy weight. Such a caisson will sink into the ground, not to mention the difficulties of installation.
• Heat loss. Concrete is a “cold” material, so you will need high-quality thermal insulation of the chamber.

You can make a caisson out of concrete yourself. In a simplified form, the sequence of work will be as follows: a reinforcing mesh is installed in a dug pit, then the formwork and the entire structure is filled with concrete. The cover for the camera is made separately. This is a labor-intensive process that does not negate the performance qualities of concrete as a material. They are written about above.

Brick caisson chamber

The process of its construction is similar to pouring concrete structure, but brick is much more practical. Its advantages include:

• High strength.
• Resistance to low temperatures.
• The ability to retain heat, which will save on chamber insulation.
• Economical.

Disadvantages of using bricks:

• The complexity of the process.
• The need for high-quality waterproofing.

DIY brick caisson

Technology for installing a finished caisson – step-by-step instruction
Burying a finished container – plastic or metal – into the ground is the most common option for insulating a well. The work is completed relatively quickly.

The installation technology is almost the same for both types of caissons. Stages of work:

1. Digging a pit around the casing pipe. Its size directly depends on the volume of the installed container. The walls of the pit should be equidistant from the caisson along its entire perimeter at a distance of 30-50 cm. The depth of the pit should be 30-40 cm greater than the freezing depth of the soil in your region.
2. Trimming the casing pipe. It is carried out level with the ground.
3. Construction of a sand or sand-cement “pillow”. Sand is placed at the bottom of the hole 10-20 cm thick. If necessary, this layer is filled with 10 cm of cement mortar. This measure is justified to strengthen loose soil when installing a heavy steel caisson.
4. Deepening the container. To do this, it is installed above the pit on temporarily laid wooden beams. The hole in the bottom should line up with the casing pipe. Then the bars are removed one by one, and the container is lowered through the pipe to the bottom of the pit. Please note: the caisson must be positioned strictly vertically!
5. Another trimming and fixing of the casing. If the container is metal, then it is welded to it; if it is plastic, a crimp collar is used to seal the structure.
6. Connecting pipes. To do this, water and HDPE pipes for cables are inserted through holes on the side walls of the chamber.
7. Insulation of the caisson (if planned during the work). Used mineral wool, polystyrene, polystyrene foam, etc.
8. Strengthening the walls of the container. Relevant for plastic products. Used sand-cement mixture or concrete solution.
9. Installation of the desired equipment.
10. Backfilling of soil.

Strengthening the walls plastic container concrete

Thus, the caisson is good way protect your investment in the construction of a water intake well. It is not always possible to cope on your own, but in this case qualified specialists will come to the rescue and take into account your needs and capabilities.

If you decide to install a caisson, it is important to find out what it is. Initially, this element was used for underwater work; it looked like a camera that had a square or round shape. The main feature was the quality of waterproofness.

Description of the caisson

In order to achieve permanent job systems, it is necessary to take into account the climate and think through everything to the smallest detail. When the temperature external environment falls below zero, water has the ability to freeze. The underground horizons are located below the freezing level, while the pumping equipment is located on the surface, this indicates that the liquid will freeze at the first frost. This will cause the pump to immediately become unusable, the pipes will rupture and the system will fail. A caisson will help eliminate these problems. You can find out what it is by reading this article.

The mentioned well element is a large thermally insulated container, which is equipped with a lid. The latter is also insulated. The necessary equipment is located inside. Among other things, you can install a pump inside, as well as shut-off valves, automation, filters, and measuring instruments. It is possible to deprive a well of a caisson only if it is located close to a heated building or any similar structure. This option is more convenient, because in this case you will have access to all nodes of the system. However, this technology also has its disadvantages. They are that the equipment requires a sufficiently large free space, the second disadvantage is that the equipment operates quite noisily.

Description of the plastic caisson

If you decide to choose a plastic caisson, you can find out what it is below. Such designs can have a rectangular, square or round shape. They found greatest distribution among consumers. This is due to the low price, low weight, long life span, excellent thermal insulation qualities, as well as waterproofing. If we compare the cost, then plastic analogues cost significantly less compared to reinforced concrete and steel. Low weight simplifies loading and unloading operations, as well as installation manipulations. Plastic does not corrode at all and does not require additional insulation. The temperature inside the tank always remains within +5 degrees, which prevents water from freezing. If you decide to choose a plastic caisson, it is important to know what it is. Some disadvantages should also be taken into account similar designs. They are expressed in insufficient rigidity, this can cause changes linear dimensions containers, this may result in equipment failure. This problem can be solved quite simply; for this it will be necessary to backfill around the perimeter using cement mortar; for this it will be enough to provide a layer whose thickness is 80 millimeters.

Metal caisson

You can make a steel caisson with your own hands. However, such options are also sold in relevant stores. The outside of the structure will need to be treated with an anti-corrosion compound, and the material can be used metal, the thickness of which is 4 millimeters. Often enough ready-made models are made from of stainless steel, this guarantees a long lifespan. However, it is necessary to take into account that a caisson of this type will cost more than its analogues.

Caisson made of reinforced concrete rings

You can install a caisson made of reinforced concrete rings. Such products have recently been used less and less, this can be explained high cost, heavy weight and poor waterproofing. The significant mass complicates the transportation process and also implies the need to rent lifting equipment, which entails additional expenses. As for poor waterproofing, due to the hygroscopicity of the material, you will need to take measures to insulate the rings. In severe frosts, the water in the pump and shut-off valves may freeze. Thus, the reinforced concrete caisson does not always fulfill its main function. Among other things, it exerts an impressive load on the ground; over the years, the structure sags, which contributes to the deformation of the pipeline system.

Caisson installation

If you install a caisson, you must follow some rules. As for the work, it is necessary to begin with the preparation of the pit. It is important to take into account that its diameter should be slightly larger than the caisson itself - by 30 cm. The depth should be calculated so that the neck of the tank is 15 cm above the ground surface. This will prevent it from getting inside surface waters, which are formed during snow melting and during precipitation. At the next stage, a hole is made for which it will be located in the bottom. It can be oriented in the central part or shifted in any direction. The plastic caisson is installed according to the same principle. At the next stage, you need to weld a pipe sleeve to the hole, the diameter of which should be greater than the diameter of the casing pipe. The length of the sleeve can vary from 10 to 15 cm. You need to make sure that the sleeve fits easily onto the pipe.

Conclusion

If you install a caisson for a well yourself, then it may need to be mounted in such a way that the neck of the casing pipe moves towards the wall of the tank. This will allow you to position the container without restricting access to the well. Once you have learned what a caisson for a well is, you can purchase equipment and think about installing it. It is important to provide the caisson with all necessary qualities, including thermal insulation and protection from sewage. Only in this case you all year round you will be supplied clean water, which will not freeze even in the harshest winters.