In an accessible way For self-supply of water at home there is an Abyssinian well.

Time-tested technology will help organize autonomous water supply.

The first tens of liters of water can be obtained 8 hours after the start of work.

The advantage of such wells is that the equipment is small in size, which will allow you to make a well anywhere on the site, in the basement or garage.

Operating principle

Soil puncture method before the aquifer was invented centuries ago in northern Africa.

Wide well shafts in oases were filled with sand and collapsed due to soil erosion.

Creation and cleaning of well shafts demanded high costs time and human resources.

The Abyssinian version of the well made it possible to obtain water anywhere at minimal cost.

To construct wells of this type, steel pipes with a diameter of one and a half inches are used (watch the video on how to properly drill a well for water).

A sharp tip is attached to the end of the first pipe, which pierces the soil, allowing the pipes to descend, and subsequently plays the role of a filter.

A vacuum pump is connected to the last section of the pipe, with the help of which water is lifted from the aquifer.

This design is, in fact, a well. If there is a shortage of water in one well, another one is created at some distance.

Despite the small costs, creating a well may not work out. Simple technology, however, requires a certain level of water in the pipes after puncturing the aquifer.

The minimum level must be at least 8 meters. Otherwise, water will be drawn out faster than it comes from the water layer.

Average depth of Abyssinian wells ranges from 10 to 15 meters. But it all depends on the specific soil and the depth of the water veins.

The very principle of the device is designed to use the first clean layer of water (). One and a half dozen meters of sand and loam filter well groundwater and sedimentary water.

Determine the water level it is possible from neighbors or using measuring drilling. In some cases, Abyssinian wells are lowered to a depth of 20-30 meters.

Thick layers of gravel, compressed sandstone and large boulders will not allow you to puncture the soil. In these cases, they look for another place on the site.

INTERESTING FACT. The soil consists of layers of different rocks located one above the other.

Depending on the geological features of the area, these may be:

• gravel,
• dolomite,
• limestone,
• sand.

Schisms of different origins, voids and cracks are filled with groundwater. The water layer is limited by two layers of clay.

Materials and tools

The performance of any type of well depends on the quality of the materials.

To pierce the soil, use a metal or plastic pipe with a diameter of up to one and a half inches.

The pipe is cut into two-meter sections, at the ends of which threads are made.

The pipe is extended using a threaded connection. Their tightness is ensured using impregnated sanitary flax silicone sealant or oil paint.

Connecting pipe sections carried out using special couplings that provide reliable connection and do not prevent immersion into the soil.

The destruction of the connection entails the inoperability of the entire structure.

The needle filter is made from the same material as the pipes. Various materials at the junction they are subject to electrochemical corrosion.

A galvanized steel pipe is suitable for making a filter. By outer surface holes with a diameter of 5 millimeters are drilled in a checkerboard pattern.

The pipe is tightly wrapped in several layers fine mesh stainless steel mesh. The mesh is secured with solder.

Another option is steel coils or copper wire, wound on a needle with gaps between the turns. The ends of the wire are also soldered.

A sharp tip is welded to the end of the pipe, the diameter of which is 1-2 millimeters larger than the diameter of the pipe. This will allow her (how to cut threads on polypropylene pipe written in the article) move freely in the ground.

Add water as you go. As soon as the water quickly leaves the pipe, walk another half meter and stop drilling.

This method allows you to make an Abyssinian well with your own hands. But there are also disadvantages:

• you can slip through the water layer or damage the filter by bumping into a stone;

preliminary drilling.
When constructing a well in this way, first make a small-diameter shaft to the required depth.

When water reaches the trunk, it lowers casing(the technology for drilling wells is written in the article) with a filter at the end.

You won’t be able to drill a well yourself; this method requires special equipment, and therefore you need to hire a team of performers.

At the end of the passage, they fill the mine shaft with bag marble chips, which provides additional filtration of incoming water and prevents siltation.

Creation by punch method

When constructing Abyssinian wells, the punching method is most often used.

It does not require special mechanisms.

For a successful independent work , you must follow the following instructions:

Year-round operation

The main problem with water supply to the house is freezing of pipes and pumps. These problems are being solved correct installation pipes and placement of equipment in the house (read about installing a tap for a drinking water filter) or a caisson.

A successful option would be to create a well in the basement of the house.

A caisson is a recess in the soil below the freezing depth, either metal or brick construction, lowered to the same depth.

Caisson chamber additionally finished with waterproof and heat-insulating materials.

Conclusion

Abyssinian wells are simple, structurally, long-lasting and easy to use. Creating a well does not harm the surface of the site.

This design does not require much space. and wide access roads. If the need arises, the pipes are removed from the ground and the well is installed in another location.

Minimum costs allow us to ensure a private house water for domestic needs, and when installing a filtration system, the well will become a source of drinking water.

Watch all the stages of creating an Abyssinian well, from drilling to obtaining water, in the video.

Comfortable living without clean water is simply impossible. Regularly purchasing drinking water is expensive and unprofitable. Limited family budget does not allow you to use the services of well drilling companies? There is always a way out. It's time to remember technical structure, accessible to everyone, and install an Abyssinian well at home with your own hands. This design was invented by the Americans, and in another way it is called a needle well.

At first, people called an Abyssinian well a shallow well that pumps clean water from an aquifer. hand pump. The special design allows you to get water without spores, runoff or contamination.

Before you start drilling, you need to carefully study the geology of the area. You can find out from neighbors who have already provided their site with water, or from a geological survey conducted during the development of the site. The construction of a needle well is possible if the first aquifer is no deeper than 8 meters. For a lower layer, you need to drill a wide well and lower the pump into it.

The Abyssinian well works well on an aquifer made of a mixture of sand and crushed stone or medium-grained sand. It will not be possible to install a needle well on a site if the geological map shows deposits of hard rocks, pebbles, and boulders. To reach the water flowing under such layers, you will need special equipment.

Advantages of using a needle well

1. Simplicity of design and low price level.
2. Possibility of installation without disturbing the landscape of the site.
3. Large equipment is not used.
4. Possibility of installing the pump indoors or directly on site.
5. Drilling requires a maximum of 10 hours of working time.
6. Installing a high-quality filter prevents silting of the well.
7. The closed system does not allow contaminants to enter the well.
8. High quality of produced water.
9. Possibility of ensuring a constant supply of water in the required volumes.
10. If necessary, the well can be dismantled and installed in another location.

Note! Due to the shallow depth of the Abyssinian wells, practically no dissolved iron gets into the water.

Well drilling

Not everyone can afford to buy special equipment to drill just one well or call in specialists. It is possible with the help of not too complex and expensive instruments make an Abyssinian well.

Tools required for work:

• Several pieces of gas keys.
• Grinder and drill.
• To slaughter a pipe, you need pancakes from a rod weighing 20 or 40 kg.
• Sledgehammer and hammer.
• Welding machine, pumping station.
• An inch pipe cut into meter pieces with short threads at the ends.
• One meter of ¾ inch pipe.
• Ten meters of ½ inch pipe.
• Garden auger, check valve.
• Bolts and nuts 10.
• Car clamps.
• A piece of mesh 16 by 100 cm of galloon weaving from of stainless steel.
• Cast iron couplings for connecting and slaughtering pipes.
• Wire with a cross-section of 0.2-0.3 mm - 2 m.
• HDPE couplings and pipes.

Making a filter

1. On inch pipe weld a cone-shaped tip 1.1 m long. If you were unable to buy such a tip, you can use a sledgehammer to flatten the end of the pipe.
2. Using a grinder, carefully cut slots up to 2.5 cm long on both sides of the pipe every 2 cm. You need to do everything slowly, trying not to damage the strength of the pipe.
3. Wind the wire onto the pipe and put a mesh on top, securing it with clamps every 10 cm. If possible, it is advisable to solder the mesh.

Note! Do not use solder with lead to avoid water poisoning. You need to work with tin solder and special flux.

Drilling technology

Using a garden auger, start drilling the soil, gradually building it up with prepared pipes. For this, ½-inch pipes are used, which are connected with couplings made from ¾-inch pipes and 10-point bolts through pre-drilled holes.

Continue drilling until wet sand begins to flow from the surface of the drill. There is no point in drilling further, the wet sand simply flows back into the well.

Installation of a pipe with a filter

Using couplings, connect the filter to the pipe sections. Be sure to wrap FUM tape around the thread. Ready design lower it into the hole until it reaches the sand. Screw a cast iron coupling onto the top of the pipe and place the prepared pancakes from the rod on it. The axis must be passed through the center of the pancakes, this is necessary for them to slide when clogging the pipe. For the axle, use ½ inch pipe 1.5 m long. There should be a bolt at the end of the pipe.

After each blow, the pipe is immersed in the ground by several centimeters. The tip with the filter should penetrate 50 cm into the sand layer. After this, you need to pour a small amount of water into the pipe.

Pumping water

First of all, you need to install a check valve, and then pumping station.

Note! The entire structure must be sealed.

Fill the pumping station with water and connect a hose to the outlet. Start the pump. At first, air may come out of the well, and after that dirty water. After a certain period of time a good one will appear pure water. To check the quality of the water, take it to the sanitary and epidemiological station for analysis.

It is better to do around the Abyssinian well concrete pad to ensure the outflow of precipitation. Now there will always be clean water on your site, and you will be able to grow your own vegetables and flowers.

Connect a small country estate to central water supply very often impossible due to the remoteness of the water main. Digging a well or drilling a well is sometimes not affordable, but for the construction autonomous system you need your own water source.

In such cases, you can equip an Abyssinian well with your own hands - the technology for organizing such a source of water intake is quite simple. Agree, before starting to implement the idea, it is necessary to understand the design and operating principle of the system.

We will tell you how to plan an Abyssinian well, what equipment you will need and how to make an igloo well yourself. Particular attention should be paid to the type of soil on the site.

An Abyssinian well is a simplified version of a well that allows you to obtain water from the first or second aquifer lying on top. Its design is extremely simple. It is a column of interconnected gas pipelines steel pipes with a primitive filter and a metal tip at the bottom.

The thin trunk of the excavation looks like an ancient sewing device. Hence the second name: needle well.

The classic method of immersing an Abyssinian well into the ground is done by banal driving - the most in a simple way, actively used in the environment independent masters. They hammer until the lower pipe with the tip opens the aquifer.

Sometimes the column is partially buried by auger drilling, but renting a manual or mechanical drilling rig significantly increases the work budget.

Abyssinian well was invented and tested in practice during the war between colonial England and Ethiopia in 1867-68. Proposed American engineer Norton's design tirelessly provided the British troops with water during their movements across the desert.

Image gallery

There are two main components in the design of an Abyssinian well:

• drill bit, including a tip that cuts the soil and a barrel that is expanded during the process of penetration into the ground. The trunk also serves as a channel for lifting water from the depths. Therefore, it is assembled from pipe sections, and not from a steel circle or rod.
• Koper, consisting of a metal tripod and a heavy woman playing the role of a hammer. At the top of the tripod there are two blocks with ropes stretched through them, to which the woman is tied.

When the ropes are pulled, the woman rises to the top of the installation. When weakened, it rapidly falls onto the headstock, which is rigidly fixed on the section of the trunk being driven in. The latter performs the function of an anvil, thanks to which the trunk is consistently immersed in the ground.

Alternative option adapting the water intake needle to an unsuitable groundwater level involves constructing a pit. Before driving the column into the ground, a hole is dug about a meter deep, the width of which is convenient for working with a shovel in it. Driving the rods then begins from the bottom of the hole. In such situations, the pump is installed in a pit.

For those who decide to make an Abyssinian well with a pit, information is needed about the structure and condition of the soil layers lying at the depth of the pit. If the section is composed of sandy loam, loam or their alternating layers, it is not necessary to strengthen the walls of the pit.

Loose, unstable walls of the pit should be strengthened so that the wellhead of the needle and pump equipment did not fall asleep with non-cohesive soils

If the pit is dredged in sand, the walls should be reinforced with boards or concrete. Sandy sides are unstable and can collapse and cover the water intake point along with the pumping equipment.

Questions about upper layers soil is also needed by those who plan to go through the upper part of the excavation with an auger. Auger drilling will significantly speed up the process, but may not bring the planned result. For work, use a simple device - purchased or.

With collapsing sand walls, an installation will be required, due to which the economic priorities of the Abyssinian well will be reduced.

Installation and operation of the Abyssinian well is the simplest and cheap method obtaining water from upper aquifers. To construct a water intake shaft, no equipment is required; all stages of the work can be easily completed with your own hands.

The invested efforts and minor funds will quickly pay off; the Abyssinian well will last no less than traditional water sources. It is important to get excited and implement the idea, armed with the information we present.

Do you have practical skills in constructing a needle well on your site? Please share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on the topic in the comments below.

Hello, dear readers. Let's start the story about organizing water supply suburban area using a needle well or an Abyssinian well. Wells of this kind are usually made by hand, since special equipment for constructing a well is not required.

This article is the quintessence personal experience author and hundreds of studied pages on specialized forums and is not theoretical material, but practical guide. As they say, clever man able to learn from other people's mistakes.

What you need to build an Abyssinian well

So, let's begin. We will talk about the classic scheme for installing a needle well: driving it into the ground.

To plug an Abyssinian well we will definitely need:

• needle filter
• threaded pipe kit
• pipe couplings
• sanitary flax and paste for use in threaded connections
• two pipe wrenches
• well pump
• the tool that will be used to hammer in (we will discuss the options below)

Additional equipment that may be needed:

• Pipe clamp or die for cutting threads (if the thread gets damaged when driving)
• Two hydraulic jacks, if you need to lift the well pipe string

Before we begin to present our personal experience, let us recall the basic principles of the Abyssinian well.

The diameter of the well is small - usually from one to two inches. This diameter does not allow the pump to be lowered inside the well, and water is pumped out using surface pumps - first when pumping with a manual column, then, after pumping the well, you can switch to electric pump, necessarily self-priming.

It is possible to raise water from an Abyssinian well only if the water surface is no deeper than 9 meters. If dynamic level well will be below eight to nine meters from the pump level, it will be possible to raise such water only by placing the pump in a caisson (pit), thus reducing the suction depth to the required value. It should be taken into account that the passport 9 meters of suction can only be shown by the highest quality self-priming pump.

It is important to ensure complete tightness of the line from the water-suction filter to the pump - if a fistula forms in at least one coupling when clogged, water will not be sucked in from the depths.

A needle well is a small diameter pipe, typically 1 inch outer diameter. construction markets and metal warehouses is marked as 25 pipe - by internal diameter) and 1? inches. The fact is that the column-well will be driven into the ground without any drilling, and driving a larger diameter pipe can be extremely difficult.

How does a well-needle filter work?

The very first and important element needle wells - filter. It is made as follows: a 1.2-2 meter section of pancake pipe is taken and a meter section is marked for the future filter. On this section, holes with a diameter of about 8-10 mm are drilled in a checkerboard pattern so as not to weaken the pipe. A steel cone is welded at the end of the pipe near the filter, which will facilitate the passage of the pipe in the ground according to the principle of a spear.

The next step is to wind under the filter. The purpose of the winding is to create a gap between the pipe and the filter mesh, which is mounted on top of the winding. Without winding, water would be sucked into each hole of the filter pipe only through the section of the mesh directly above the hole. With winding, water will be sucked from a much larger surface of the mesh into the created gap, and then into the holes on the pipe. Thus, by performing reeling, we significantly increase the well's flow rate. Winding is usually done from wire of the same material as the filter mesh - for example, stainless steel to stainless steel, to avoid the formation of a galvanic couple. To help you when choosing, here is a metal compatibility table:

When assembling the filter, pay attention Special attention on the compatibility of metals: some of them create a galvanic couple, and upon contact as a result chemical reaction are quickly destroyed. For example, if you wind a pipe with aluminum wire and fasten a brass mesh on top, after a few months you will get holes where these incompatible metals touch. Therefore, in most cases, wire and mesh are taken from stainless steel, because... these materials are easy to obtain.

How to choose a mesh for an Abyssinian well filter

The mesh for the needle hole needs a special one - galloon weaving. This mesh looks like metal fabric. Galoon weaving implies diamond-shaped cells - they are not clogged with grains of sand, which are basically cube-shaped. Exist different kinds filter meshes, with different sizes cells - for different sands. Ideally, the mesh should be selected based on the sand fraction in the aquifer. The filter should pass about 30-40% of sand. Then, when pumping the well, small sand fractions will come out with water, while larger ones will form a natural filter around our needle.

Filtration meshes are metal and synthetic. The finest grains metal mesh They are marked P60 and are designed for dusty sand. Synthetic meshes come in even finer weaving - up to P200. At the same time, it is not recommended to take the finest mesh “with a reserve” - the finer the mesh, the worse the well’s flow rate will be. The finest sand under the pressure of water is compressed around the needle filter, preventing the movement of water.

The pipe is cut into pieces of 1-1.5 meters, external threads are cut at the ends. The pipes will be connected using couplings of the appropriate diameter. Short pieces of pipe are needed to make it easier to drive it into the ground.

What tool is used to drive the Abyssinian well needle?

Sledgehammer

The simplest and most barbaric way to hammer a needle is with a sledgehammer. If you have experience in carefully handling this powerful tool, perhaps everything will end well and no threaded connection in your underground will crack. The advantages of this method are that the sledgehammer is easy to find, you don’t need to bother with special equipment for scoring. Disadvantages - when striking with a sledgehammer, it is impossible to direct all the impact energy downward, strictly along the axis of the borehole needle. This means that the pipe will bend to one side and flatten. The load on threaded connections increases. If you decide to hammer the needle with a sledgehammer, do not hit the piece of pipe that you are planting in the ground. Screw a steel coupling onto the pipe and use a piece of threaded pipe to screw it into the coupling. These pipe ends are sold in construction stores under the name “thread” and cost pennies. They flattened one, replaced it and continued to score further.

Grandma and the womanizer

Hammering with a headstock is the preferred method. The design of the headstock can be different. Most often this thick wall pipe, one of the ends of which is welded. Handles are welded to the side; any iron can be welded to make it heavier. The weight of the headstock is usually 20-50 kg. At the upper end of the pipe being driven in, a “grandfather” is also attached through a coupling - a piece of pipe with a thread, which will receive the blow. The headstock in this design is put on the pipe being driven, and then rises 40-60 cm and is thrown down. Since the headstock is fully dressed on the pipe being hammered, it moves almost perfectly up and down, and all the energy of the impact propels the needle towards the target.

There is another option for the headstock design. This is a heavy cylinder with a hole not much larger than the diameter of the needle being driven. A coupling is screwed onto the pipe being driven in, and the next similar pipe is screwed into it. When hammered, this pipe will serve as a guide for the headstock to move up and down. And it will hit the cradle - a steel cylinder, tightly fitted onto the needle tube, and resting against the coupling, which has a diameter several mm larger than the needle. The grandmother gets up and throws herself down onto the support. This, in turn, pushes the pipe string down.

We note very important fact– in order not to damage the threads on pipes and couplings, you need to select the length of the thread on the pipes in such a way that the pipes, screwed into the coupling, are joined inside it. Thus, the load from blows from the headstock will be placed not on the threads, but on the ends of the pipes.

Rod

Clogging a needle with a rod is also very common. The rod needs to be of such thickness that it fits freely inside the pipe of the Abyssinian well. We will hit the bottom of the lowered pipe column with a rod - into the opposite part of the cone that crowns the filter. The cone must be firmly welded to the filter pipe. Gradually, as the column is lowered, you can lengthen the rod (by welding, or by pre-arranging the threaded connection of the rods). If the mass of the rod is sufficient for impact, and its length is already shorter than the column being lowered, you can tie a steel cable to it and drive the needle by lifting the rod inside the pipe column by this cable and throwing it from a height. Hammering with a rod is considered more preferable from the point of view of safety threaded connections pipes

Hammering a needle hole with a hammer drill or jackhammer

Unfortunately, you cannot simplify your task by using a power tool. The reason for this is the large mass of the lowered pipe column. The hammer drill and the chipper will simply bounce off the structure, which has a larger mass. This fact has been verified more than once, so don’t waste time.

To what level should the needle be hammered?

The needle is driven deep until the filter is in the aquifer. Ideally this is coarse sand or pebbles, but usually the aquifer is fine sand. As we mentioned earlier, water from a well can only be raised from a depth of 8-9 meters. Does this mean that it is pointless to drill a well deeper than 9 meters? Of course not. It is not the depth of the well that is important, but the water level in it. Experienced drillers know that the water of the second aquifer often rises to the groundwater level (level groundwater). It even happens that from a well depth of 15-30 meters the water is flowing self-outpouring.

The second question when driving a needle is how not to miss the aquifer? There is an easy way. Every half a meter, when driving needles into the pipe, add water. If the filter is located in an aquifer, the water will quickly flow into the pipe. The main thing here is that when passing through a layer of clay, the mesh does not become clogged with it. Otherwise, you simply will not understand that you have entered an aquifer. Water will not escape through a mesh clogged with clay in any case.

There is another way to determine which layer the needle filter is in. When you hammer in the needle, the upper tube must be constantly, every 10-20 strokes, tightened clockwise with a pipe wrench. By this we compensate for the self-unscrewing of the threaded connections of the column. If you can rotate the column completely so that the filter moves in the ground, it is easy to hear the friction of the soil against the filter cone.

Thus, clay makes almost no sound when turning the filter, coarse sand clearly creaks, and pebbles grind.

What to do if the filter mesh is clogged with clay or the pipe becomes clogged with sand when clogged

If the filter mesh of an Abyssinian well is clogged with clay, you can clean the filter mesh by pumping water under pressure into the pipe. It will wash away the clay. If flushing does not help, you will have to remove the entire column and clean it. Then a clean needle can be lowered into the finished hole without the risk of contaminating the filter.

It also often happens that if the filter mesh is chosen too large, or the pipe is used without a filter at all (some soils allow the use of Abyssinian without a filter mesh, if the aquifer is pebbles or very coarse sand). If the inside of the pipe is clogged with sand, it should be washed by lowering a narrow hose into the pipe, feeding water into it from outside the well and moving it so as to lift the turbidity from the sand in the pipe. This turbidity will come out of the pipe around the hose to the outside, washing away the sand.

How to prevent pipe clogging with sand and clay when plugging an Abyssinian well

There are a couple of ways to avoid filling the needle with sand and clay. The needle can be filled with salt or tightly stuffed with rope while hammering. The end of the rope must be constantly passed through all the pipes so that after driving to the desired depth it is easy to get it out. Naturally, these two methods are suitable only if there are several Abyssinian wells nearby and the depth to which the needle needs to be driven is known in advance.

How to pump a well with a needle?

For pumping, a manual pump-column is best suited. Such pumps are not afraid of sand in the water, and at first there will be a lot of sand inclusions in the water. Depending on how well the mesh used matches the sand fraction in the aquifer, the well build-up time can range from half an hour to several months. At the same time, we repeat once again, a mesh that is too fine will clog faster and reduce the flow rate.

In principle, when used, it is enough fine mesh galloon (twill) weaving, it is quite possible to use self-priming for pumping surface pump. It is desirable that the impeller be metal, because... The plastic one will quickly wear off with sand.

The hand pump is also good because it can easily cope with the initial low flow rate of the well. An electric pump cannot work if the water supply is poor; the water column in the Abyssinian well breaks and the pump stops working. The situation can be partially corrected by placing a tap at the outlet of the pump and choking the water outlet.

For easy starting of the pump, a check valve is installed in front of it. Under no circumstances should you place a check valve at the bottom of the column; it will quickly become clogged, and it will be impossible to replace it without raising the well column. In this case, the “extra” check valve will create additional resistance to the movement of liquid and “conceal” the meter of the potential suction height of the pump.

What to do if the connections poison the air, i.e. there is no tightness of the column?

It is not so rare that after a column is clogged, it turns out that water is not pumped out, despite the fact that it is not far from the water surface. If a working self-priming pump is used, this means that there is air leakage in the line, which does not allow creating a vacuum inside the pipe and raising water. In this case, it is recommended to raise the pipe string (the method is described below) and seal the connections. If this is not possible, you can use the “imperfect well” design. A pipe of smaller diameter is lowered inside the Abyssinian well and water is sucked out through it. The problem is that since no vacuum is created in the pipe when pumping water, the water flows into the filter by gravity rather than being sucked in. Because of this, the well's production rate drops sharply.

How to raise the pipes of an Abyssinian well from the ground

It happens that you need to lift a pipe column if you have penetrated an aquifer, or you need to completely remove the well. This can be difficult to do, because... the soil tightly grips the pipes. To fix the pipe, you can use a specially made vice, which consists of two strong steel plates, tightened with bolts. You can simply put a cradle or a suitable washer on the pipe sticking out of the ground, fix its upward movement with a coupling screwed onto the thread, and pull it evenly upward with two jacks installed on both sides of the well. IN clay soils You can use the following technique: strongly strain a column of pipes upward, even if it does not move, and leave it like that overnight: under tension, the clay gradually opens up and releases the pipes.

If it is possible to supply good water pressure into the well, this can also help, to the point that the water will erode the soil around the well pipe and flow to the surface outside the pipe.

This article will be developed and supplemented. Please write your ideas and suggestions in the comments.

general information

Today, water supply is a significant problem in dacha construction. This is explained by the fact that supplying water from the central pipeline is a complex and expensive process. An alternative option is to dig a well, which requires significant labor costs and special permission. Some time ago, drilling of Abyssinian wells began to be widely used in the Russian Federation. It's simple and effective option solving the problem of water supply in the house.

Origin story

So what is an Abyssinian well? During the colonial wars, British troops carried out the Abyssinian operation. Military operations in the desert were difficult due to problems with water supply. Then the British began to use the Norton drill, which is a drilling device for extracting water. The colonialists were able to advance into the desert regions and completed the tasks they had set for themselves. After this, rumors about Abyssinian wells spread throughout all countries, and original title"Norton" was forgotten.

Two decades later, drilling an Abyssinian well was tested in Russia. The work was carried out by unskilled workers who made five wells. Drinking water was obtained in only three of them, and average speed filling was approximately one and a half buckets per minute. As a rule, the aquifer was located at a depth of 4 to 10 meters. Sometimes the drill would get stuck in the limestone layer, which would take another 30 minutes to remove.

Famous scientists have studied the Abyssinian wells, which, according to them, are still excellent option water supply After analyzing all the data, it became clear that digging a well is justified only if, due to geological conditions, drilling an Abyssinian well is impossible.

The main advantages of use

Drilling an Abyssinian well with your own hands has so many advantages that it is not enough to just list them. Let's explain the main pros and cons.

Low cash costs for the device

The maximum cost of a turnkey installation is rarely higher than 25 thousand rubles. average price is 14 thousand rubles, and equipment can be bought for 5 thousand. Compared to constructing a well, this is a very economical option.

A do-it-yourself Abyssinian well, together with all materials and mechanisms, will cost approximately 10 thousand rubles. It does not require application high quality materials. All work can be done with your own hands from scrap materials.

Fast and easy development

To perform this procedure, you do not need to use a drilling derrick or tripod. There is no need for driving a hole, an electric drive or drilling fluid. According to statistics, fluctuations in the depth of aquifers can range from 2 to 15 meters. No professional knowledge required. In almost a hundred percent of cases, two is enough healthy men– the water is ready within a day, and sometimes in a few hours.

Environmental Safety

If you don't deviate from technological process and correctly drive the well into the sand, then the possibility of penetration is completely eliminated groundwater to the water intake. A driven Abyssinian well in urban areas can produce water that is not much different from artesian water.

Full compliance with sanitary standards

Hard ones are not presented sanitary requirements. You can plug the well directly from the basement. With this embodiment, the work is easier, and their cost becomes less. The well does not freeze in winter time, therefore there is no need to construct a pit - artificial burial in the ground.

Long service life

The wells, clogged many years ago by the British, still provide water uninterruptedly and do not require special care. The thirty-year service life indicated in many sources is not the maximum. In fact, the well will function until the water runs out.

Does not require registration or special permits

For an Abyssinian well, you do not need to obtain permits. This is a significant plus. According to the law Russian Federation, the owner of the land has the right to extract minerals open method to a depth of five meters and develop water wells down to the very first layer that contains water. That is, it is no longer possible to extract artesian water. Those who are not too trusting can double-check this information themselves.

Norton projectile structure

An Abyssinian well means an igloo well. Immersion occurs using the percussion drilling method. Professionals rarely use this method water extraction due to the fact that at shallow depths it is almost impossible to reach the rod. The maximum development depth is a couple of tens of meters.

If the main goal is to drive to the first aquifer - needle well best option, due to ease of installation, economic benefits and efficiency. A water well has an additional name – “tube well”.

Installation under an Abyssinian well at the dacha consists of the following elements:

Drilling technology

Drilling technology can be exploratory or confident in nature. In the first case, you should think about purchasing special factory equipment, which costs approximately 7 thousand rubles. The tubular drill and string can be used many times. For example, if the first well is unsuitable, you can dismantle it and drill a second one.

When there is a well made within 50 meters, the equipment can be made with your own hands from scrap materials. Drilling process shock-rope method requires a certain physical strength, but the technology is simple:

1. The projectile is being installed into the pit. It can also be suspended on a tripod or driven into the ground.
2. The first rod is installed, onto which the headstock, headstock and upper clamp are put on. The latter must be securely tightened.
3. The ropes are threaded into pulleys, pulling the woman until she reaches the very top. Then the ropes are released and the action is repeated.
4. Depending on the recess, the clamps are rearranged, and the column is built up with other rods.

What mechanism should you use to drill?

A set of equipment for drilling an Abyssinian well with your own hands can be made from scrap materials. The main thing is to find pipes, the length of which should be one and a half dozen meters, and the diameter should be 80 millimeters. This will be needed if the scheme involves the use of submersible pumps.

Standard submersible pumps cannot be smaller than three inches. If there is a need to raise water to a height of more than 7 meters, you need to use top vacuum pumps(one is enough). Then the use of any pipes that should not bend during development is allowed.

Since the rules for installing a drilling rig were discussed above, let us clarify how to select the correct drill string and rods. It is always indicated here outside diameter pipes. However, when caliber is mentioned, the internal diameter is meant. Devices lowered into a pipe are always counted according to the outside.

When professional drilling of Abyssinian wells is carried out, the rods are joined with couplings at the factory. In the future they can be removed and dismember the column. But for a one-time development, you can replace the couplings with welded tubular scraps of a larger caliber. The rods are assembled with their skirts up, as there is a possibility of the needle getting caught or getting into the ground.

When the equipment breaks down during the drilling process and the column becomes disconnected, you should leave everything in the soil and make a new drill with rods. Consequently, drilling an Abyssinian water well homemade equipment performed only if you are 100% sure of the availability of water.

Where is there water?

How to choose the right drilling site? The main indicator is the presence of vegetation. You need to know the list of moisture-loving plants and look for them in your area. These include:

• Nettle.
• Burdock.
• Hop.
• Cane.

The most optimal indicator of the presence of moisture is already existing natural springs and wells in neighboring areas. If they are nearby, you are more likely to find what you are looking for.

Drilling depth

How to make an Abyssinian well and guess the depth of the first aquifer? This parameter is determined special device– aneroid barometer.

Changes with altitude Atmosphere pressure. The device works on this principle. Based on the pressure shown, you can determine the depth of the water. In most cases, the height of the water rise is rarely more than 7 meters.

Prohibited places

The construction of an Abyssinian well is prohibited in ravines, cliffs and steep slopes. This is due to the possibility of disruption of natural drainage, which can lead to landslides. In addition, it is prohibited to drill:

1. at a distance closer than 15 meters from the place where pets are kept;
2. within 300 meters of a cemetery or farm;
3. at a distance of closer than 3.5 kilometers from chemical production, secret facilities and sewerage basins.

The properties of the soil are not disturbed when drilling an Abyssinian well.

Well made of other materials

In addition to the standard design, you can make an Abyssinian well with your own hands from plastic pipes. It is in no way inferior to the iron version, and in some respects even surpasses it.

The Abyssinian well made of plastic pipes has the following advantages:

1. ease of installation (the whole process takes only a few hours);
2. the possibility of installing a needle in the basement, garage or other utility room;
3. high performance parameters;
4. source of high quality water;
5. long service life;
6. economically beneficial.

Pump selection

In some cases, a pump may be necessary. So how to choose the right one? The pumps are lightweight and do not make unnecessary noise. One of the main selection conditions is the power that should provide required pressure. The price for them ranges from 4 to 15 thousand rubles. The pump for the Abyssinian well must be from a trusted manufacturer (sometimes called a pump).

Conclusion

Drinking water is the most important resource on the planet. In this article we looked at what an Abyssinian well is and what the technology for its construction is. It should be noted that in other countries such drilling is prohibited. DIY needle well is gaining popularity, which will lead to government regulation this question. Therefore, while it is allowed, it is better not to waste the moment.