How to make a balcony in an apartment yourself. Balcony on the first floor - everything you need to know about construction. Corner balcony furniture

Some types of houses do not have balconies on the first floors. However, you have every chance to get this additional area. You can add a balcony with your own hands. It can be suspended, on struts, or supported on piles. In this article we will describe the construction of balconies on the first floor: suspended and piled.

Installing a balcony with your own hands may seem like an impossible undertaking. This is wrong. Homemade balconies are, of course, a troublesome task: you will have to physically work and tinker with papers.

First you will have to draw a sketch, and then draw up a design for the balcony on the first floor, then coordinate it with the authorities responsible for these issues. For the extension on the second floor, the design is done in the same way. The work itself will not take very much time.

Extension of a suspended balcony with your own hands

Before starting the extension, we take a project for the future balcony and go to order balcony glazing and internal window unit. We will not begin work until the company delivers the frames with double-glazed windows.

Installation of struts and base frame

The balcony structure will be supported by welded struts. You can make them yourself from a 50x50mm metal corner. One of the sides of the struts should protrude 50mm up and down, this will extra seats for fastenings. The distance between the struts should be about 100 cm, based on this we calculate required amount. Installation to the wall is carried out using anchors.

Extension of a balcony on the first floor: installation diagram of struts

Now we make the strapping, using the same metal corner for it. Don't forget to make jumpers across the resulting rectangle. The side that is adjacent to the wall is additionally secured to it with anchors.

Do-it-yourself hanging balcony on the first floor: how to attach a harness to the struts

Installation of the floor and glazing frame of the extension

Let's organize the floor. Because of load bearing capacity The resulting base of the extension is limited; it will not be possible to pour a slab of solid concrete. You have two options:

First. Metal sheets We fix it under the base frame. We fill the inside with a layer of expanded clay with a layer of 3 cm. Now we take the reinforcing mesh from the rod (5mm) and lay it on the frame. We tie the mesh to the jumpers with wire and weld it to the harness.

We lay a damper tape around the perimeter of the harness and fill everything with liquid cement-sand mortar so that the reinforcing mesh is covered by 2 cm and leave to harden. After the screed has dried well, we waterproof and seal the base.

Making balconies with your own hands: floor installation

Second. We put any sheet metal, we lay a layer of waterproofing on it, and then boards. We fasten everything with self-tapping screws. Next, we attach the joists to the floor, lay a layer of insulation between them, cover it with a vapor barrier and lay the subfloor. We waterproof and then seal the joints of metal sheets along the underside of the slab.

We prepare the frame for the balcony glazing separately, on the ground, then install it on the base of the extension. We attach the side posts of the frame to the wall using anchors. We do the same with the top lintel adjacent to the wall. This will reduce the load on the base of the extension. Do not forget that the weight of the balcony insulation and finishing materials will also fall on it.

Suspended balcony on the first floor: how to make a parapet on an extension

DIY balcony on stilts

It is more difficult to obtain permission to install a balcony of this type because it involves excavation in close proximity to the foundation apartment building. Less problems will arise if you make such an extension on the 1st floor. For a similar structure on the 2nd floor, it is more difficult to collect papers.

However, despite all these difficulties, this type of design has a number of advantages. The most important thing is that the load-bearing capacity of the base of this extension is much higher than that of suspended balcony. You will not be constrained in choosing double-glazed windows for balcony glazing and insulation materials.

Installation of support piles and installation of the extension frame.

We will need four steel piles with a 10cm cross section. When calculating the length, we take into account that the supports of the extension will be buried 50-60cm into the ground. The holes for the piles are made either manually or using special equipment. We place the supports in the holes, checking them with a level, and fix them perpendicular to the ground. Fill the solution and close it fresh concrete pieces of cellophane.

Do-it-yourself loggias: making supports for the supporting slab of the extension

After the concrete has hardened, it will be necessary to make a strapping for the supports of the extension. Its back part is made of a channel, which will need to be attached to the wall. We mark the installation location, drill holes in the wall and channel for anchors, and screw them in place. Now we tie the piles metal corner Using welding, we fasten it to the channel. From strips of metal we make jumpers across the support of the extension. The distance should be approximately 70-80cm.

How to make a balcony with your own hands: tying the supports of the extension

Pouring the base slab of the extension

We assemble a shield from the boards and attach it to the underside of the frame. These boards will then have to be dismantled, so we simply support the shield with bricks stacked in a column. Now laying the reinforcing mesh. We tie it together using wire from a rod with a cross section of 5 mm. We weld the mesh to the harness, and tie it to the jumpers with wire.

Drawing of a balcony, completion: installation of the formwork panel and reinforcing mesh with your own hands

Now you can upload cement-sand mixture. The installation of the frame for installing balcony glazing can begin immediately after the supporting slab of the extension has hardened. The frame can be with or without an extension - the design of the extension allows both options. It can even act as a parapet brickwork. And don’t forget to waterproof the slab before laying the insulation.

Building a balcony structure from scratch with your own hands

A little about roofing for balconies

There are two types of roofs for balconies: dependent and independent. The dependent roof rests on the balcony frame, which means it imparts additional load to it. Independent - mounted on the wall of the house using struts; there is no pressure on the extension frame.

For a balcony supported on piles, there is no difference in the type of roof; it can withstand a very heavy load. But for hanging balcony It is better to use an independent structure and lightweight roofing material.

Do-it-yourself balcony: photo of superstructure of two types of roofing

DIY balcony: video on how to make an independent roof.

Many homeowners, soon after purchasing or building their homes, have a desire to make their home even more convenient and comfortable. For example, equip a balcony on the second floor.

In general, the work plan will be as follows:

• Consideration and selection of possible design solutions;
• Design;
• Construction works;
• Preparation of documentation for the house.

Options for equipping a balcony on the second floor separately standing house there may be several:

• Installation of a balcony on a platform fixed to the wall on the second floor with brackets;
• Extension of a balcony on the extensions of the interfloor floor beams;
• Extension of a balcony on separate supports (pillars) not connected to the walls of the house;
• Extension of a balcony as an upper room on the outbuilding. This option includes double balconies - simultaneously on the first and second floors.

Select from possible solutions depends on the features building structures home and the owner's preferences.

To identify opportunities load-bearing walls At home, it is best to consult a specialist construction companies. But you can make a preliminary assessment yourself. The evaluation criteria will be:

• Material and thickness of load-bearing walls;
• Age of construction;
• Condition of building elements.

After inspecting the house, studying the design documentation, if any, and the technical passport, one can draw one of the following conclusions:

1. 1 If the house is built of brick, the wall thickness is at least 50 cm (two standard bricks), there is no destruction of the masonry, the foundation is without damage, then on the second floor you can attach a balcony of any of the above structures;
2. 2 If the walls of the house are built from timber measuring at least 20x20 cm, the house is no more than 15-20 years old, the timber is not damaged by grinding insects, interfloor ceilings V excellent condition, made of beams or assembled from boards, with a cross-section of at least 20x10 cm, the foundation is not damaged, an extension is possible on extensions interfloor beams. Options with separate support pillars and an outbuilding are also relevant. It is advisable to make the same decision if the house is built from foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks;
3. 3 In a house with lightweight frame walls, as well as in the case of walls made of slag-cast (expanded clay concrete) blocks, on the second floor it is possible to add a balcony only using schemes with separate support pillars or additional rooms on their own foundation (outbuildings or verandas).

After choosing an option, you need to make a drawing of the future balcony or the entire structure and calculate the required amount of materials. If there is no construction experience, then it is better to order a project from a specialized organization.

For relax further arrangement exit to the balcony, it is necessary to design its location where there is already a window opening on the second floor. Another excellent solution would be to add a porch and install a balcony supported by its roof.

Important! Before starting construction or installation work, you need to coordinate the redevelopment of the house with control authorities, such as the city architectural department or the housing inspection. Perhaps they will be presented Additional requirements in appearance, if the house is located with a facade on the red line of the street. In the future, the approval procedure will help to avoid difficulties with registering changes in documents for the house.

Tools, devices and materials

General list of basic tools required for installation work additional balcony On the second floor:

• Standard carpenter's set: hacksaws, axes, plane, hammer, chisels, pliers;
• Measuring and marking tools: building level, plumb line, squares, tape measure, metal rulers different sizes, markers and pencils;
• Power tools: drill with drill bits for metal, wood and concrete, screwdriver, angle Grinder(Bulgarian) with set cutting wheels for metal;
• Wrenches for working with threaded connections.

If the project involves installing metal brackets or working with metal, then you will need welding inverter, electrodes and welder's tools - mask, clamps, brushes with metal bristles.

For constructing structures with separate support pillars or separate foundation to the list the necessary tool The concrete mixer and excavation tools should be included.

The list and quantity of required materials depends on the chosen option and will approximately include:

• Lumber, quantity and type depend on the size of the balcony;
• Metal profiles - angles, channels, rectangular pipes;
• Wooden, concrete or metal poles(pipes) for support;
• Screws (self-tapping screws), connecting threaded rods, nails;
• Electrodes for welding metal structures;
• Cement, construction sand and small crushed stone for installing support pillars;
• Paints and varnishes.

General installation procedure

For a balcony on brackets:

For a balcony on supporting pillars:

Important! A balcony can only be built against a wall perpendicular to the interfloor beams;

For a balcony on the continuation of the floor beams:

Balconies on the roofs of outbuildings and porches are easier to install; it is enough to dismantle the roof, replace the rafters with stronger ones if necessary, and attach the subfloor of the balcony to them. After these steps, the fence is installed, finished and installed. balcony door On the second floor.

Need for self-construction Balconies often arise among owners of private houses or residents of apartments in which the presence of such a room was not initially provided for by the design.

The work of constructing and finishing a balcony can be handled on our own. Read the instructions provided and get started.

Construction options

There are 2 main options for building a balcony, namely:

If the structure is attached to the second and higher floors, it must have additional supports. It is prohibited to attach the building exclusively to the wall - it will not hold up.

The function of supports is most often performed by columns. They fit well into the surrounding environment and complement the architecture of the house.

Before starting work, draw up or order from a specialized organization a balcony project with a detailed diagram.

Construction of a balcony on a foundation

If the balcony is attached to the first floor, a simple strip base will be sufficient. In the case of arranging an extension on the higher floors, build.

In general, the order of arrangement concrete foundations remains almost the same. The following are instructions for constructing a strip-column foundation. By removing the pole installation recommendations from the manual, you get ready-made instructions for installation of strip base.

First step. Mark the future foundation on the ground. Use pegs and string to mark.

Second step. Get rid of the top layer of soil. Dig a trench of the required depth (determined in accordance with the soil characteristics of the area) and holes for the posts.

Third step. Drive (screw in) the support piles. You can also make supports yourself from pipes, concrete pillars or other suitable materials. To ensure additional strength of the installation, before installing the pillars, the bottom of the pits can be filled with a 20-30 cm layer of concrete. The empty space between the walls of the pits and the pillars after their installation is also filled with mortar.

Fourth step. Compact the bottom of the trench, fill it with a 10-centimeter layer of crushed stone and a 15-20-centimeter layer of sand. Thoroughly compact each layer of backfill.

Fifth step. Assemble the formwork from durable boards.

Sixth step. Lay the reinforcing frame. Use reinforcement with a diameter of 10-14 mm. As a result, you should get a reinforcing mesh with a cell size of no more than 150x150 mm.

Seventh step. Pour the concrete and give it a month to gain strength. It is recommended to dismantle the formwork after the concrete has completely hardened.

Eighth step. Cover the frozen foundation waterproofing material(bitumen, roofing felt).

Ninth step. Fill all voids with soil.

Tenth step. Tie the pillars along the upper edges using a channel. The height of the balcony foundations must match.

Balcony design

First step. Place wooden or reinforced concrete slab.

Second step. Using a hammer drill, create an opening in the wall for mounting the balcony block.

Third step. Install balcony block. After installation, level the slopes with cement mortar and seal any existing cracks with polyurethane foam.

Fourth step. . The most convenient way to do this is to use building blocks, for example, from foam concrete. They have comparatively light weight and will exert a noticeably less load on the foundation compared to the same brick.

The thickness of the walls should be at least 25-30 cm. Bring the walls to the upper ceiling.

During the construction of walls, perform reinforcement every 3 rows.

Finally, all that remains is to arrange the roof. Roof structure must be made with a certain slope in the direction from the house.

To arrange the roof, it is enough to lay wooden joists or mount metal carcass, and then lay the finishing roofing material.

Will cope perfectly with the functions of support columns wooden beam square section. Select the parameters of the timber individually. Most often, supports with a side of 100 mm are sufficient. You can use another one instead of timber suitable material at your own discretion.

Columns must be installed strictly vertically, otherwise the reliability balcony design there will be no question. To ensure verticality, support the columns with temporary struts while the foundation dries.

Floor

Lay a 4 cm thick planed board on the floor. Pre-treat the material with an antiseptic and fire retardant.

Lay the boards across the support beams. Leave a 2-3 mm gap between the boards to drain precipitation.

Use self-tapping screws to secure the boards. The heads of the fasteners should be slightly recessed into the material.

Railing

And lastly structural element The balcony has railings. The choice of manufacturing material, design features and appearance of the railing remains at the discretion of the owner. If you wish, you can do without them altogether by making fences of suitable size from concrete slabs.

Glazing

Can be used for wooden frames or metal-plastic structures. At this point, everything also remains at the discretion of the owner.

Balcony insulation

Necessarily . Start from the floor.

Floor

Foam boards are good for flooring. The material is characterized by high thermal insulation properties and tolerates it well various kinds loads.

Level the base and glue the foam boards to it using an adhesive specially designed for this purpose. Provide additional fixation of the slabs using plastic dowels.

Place the mounting mesh on top of the insulation with glue, and then fill the entire structure with a self-leveling mixture.

Instead you can do based on wooden sheathing, fill its voids with thermal insulation, and fill it with plywood or boards on top.

As a final flooring Linoleum is good for a balcony. You can also use waterproof laminate and other materials with similar properties.

Walls

Attach the frame to the walls wooden slats. The spacing of the slats is determined by the width of the insulation.

Cover the frame waterproofing film. To attach the film, use construction stapler. Be sure to seal the joints of the waterproofing material with tape.

Fill the sheathing cells with the selected one. Place a vapor barrier on top of the insulation. You can also fasten the material using a construction stapler.

Place a second batten on top of the finished insulating pie, perpendicular to the first, to install the finishing material.

Ceiling

The ceiling can be insulated using mineral wool.

Nail a sheathing of 10mm thick boards to the ceiling. Fix the boards edge down.

Fill the gaps between the boards with insulation.

Cover the insulation with waterproofing material and nail additional cross-bars to the boards. They will retain heat and moisture insulation, as well as provide the necessary ventilation gap between the insulation cake and the finishing finishing material.

Prices for popular types of insulation

Insulation

Lining is well suited for a balcony. The material has excellent properties even without extra effort attached to the sheathing using clamps.

Exterior finishing of a structure is most often done using siding. This material is characterized by high reliability and excellent performance indicators, has an attractive appearance and is easy to install without the involvement of third-party installers.

In general, when choosing a finish, focus on your personal preferences and available budget.

Good luck!

Prices for popular finishing wall panels

Wall panels

Video - How to make a balcony with your own hands

Many people want to have a balcony, regardless of whether they live in a private household or apartment building. But not everyone has it. And this is where the question arises, how to make a balcony with your own hands. At first glance, this seems like a difficult and complicated task, but after studying all the points listed below, you will easily cope with this task.

If we talk about the advantages of having a balcony in an apartment or house, we can highlight the following:

1. Expansion of the apartment area.
2. Availability of an additional emergency exit from the premises in case of an emergency.
3. Possibility of arranging a balcony as desired. You can make a workshop out of it, Personal Area, a rest room or even arrange it like a cellar.

But since you plan to build a balcony on your own, you need to remember about some features that you will have to encounter during construction:

• First, you must obtain the appropriate permission. Without it, the extension will be considered illegal and will need to be dismantled.
• Secondly, you will have to choose yourself necessary materials and carry out all construction work.
• Thirdly, you need to draw up competent drawings and diagrams of the future balcony, according to which all construction work will be carried out.
• Fourthly, before the start of construction, it is necessary to decide how waterproofing will be done from inside and outside the balcony, whether ventilation will be needed, and how exactly the lighting will be provided.
• And fifthly, will the balcony be open or closed?

Moreover, some features may arise depending on where exactly the balcony will be built: in a private house, on the first floor of an apartment building or on the top.

Only after completing all these points will it be possible to proceed directly to building a balcony with your own hands.

Now directly about the construction of the structure. It can be located on the foundation, but this option is suitable only for those who are making an extension to their country house or private house. Or on a suspended frame - this option is suitable for residents whose apartment is located above the first floor.

On the foundation

First of all, it is necessary to mark the area of ​​the future building. Next we clean upper layer soil and dig holes for posts or columns.

Now you need to drive in special support piles. Making them at home is almost impossible, so it’s better to buy ready-made ones. In order for them to be firmly fixed to the bottom of the pit, a layer of concrete should be poured, no more than 20 cm thick. To increase the durability of the structure, all voids between the piles and the ground after their installation are well shed concrete mortar and left until completely hardened.

Now we compact the bottom of the dug hole and fill it in layers with sand and gravel, not forgetting to compact each layer quite firmly.

It is necessary to assemble formwork from durable boards, on which we lay aluminum frame. If everything is done correctly, the result should be a reinforcing mesh. In order for the structure to finally strengthen, it is necessary to give it a month to rest. To do this, we cover our foundation with material with waterproofing properties and connect the pillars with channels along the upper edge. Special attention Care should be taken to ensure that the height of the foundation and the house are at the same level. This is the screed open balcony is considered completed.

After the specified time has passed, we lay a reinforced concrete slab on the frozen base and, using a hammer drill, make a hole in the wall for mounting the block of the future balcony. Next, install the balcony block and level all the slopes cement mortar, and it is better to seal deeper cracks with polyurethane foam.

Now let's start building the walls. It’s better to give up the usual cinder block and use foam concrete blocks, which will reduce the pressure on the foundation. For the strength of the walls, reinforcement should be performed every three rows of masonry.

The final stage construction is the construction of the roof. Moving the canopy with a slight slope away from the walls will avoid the accumulation of moisture on the roof and keep the walls dry. You can use a ready-made metal frame or wooden logs as roofing material you can choose any one that you like. But the roof, like the canopy, should have a slight slope. If desired, such a balcony can be glazed or special PVC structures can be used. The ceiling can be covered with wood or plastic, it all depends on how exactly the balcony will be used in the future.

Now all that remains is to install the light, and the wiring must be done efficiently and with grounding. And the finishing event will be interior decoration balcony and its landscaping. Since such a balcony is being built in a private house or in a country house, it will become an excellent cellar for storing preserves, a workshop, a sauna or even a bathhouse. Using a variety of shelves, bedside tables and cabinets will allow you to turn it into anything you want.

The main thing is to choose correct design interior design and arrange the new premises in accordance with it.

Cantilevered

If you still want to build a balcony with your own hands in a city apartment, then it is worth remembering that if the apartment is located up to the third floor inclusive, it is necessary to install large support columns. If the apartment is located above the third floor, then their function is taken over by the slopes.

In any case, construction should begin with the installation of columns, as described above, or with the welding of slopes, which should be mounted from the outer edge of the extension platform to the wall of the house. Next, regardless of which support method is chosen, it is necessary to install outrigger beams. Unlike a balcony built on a foundation, here the beams are brought directly into the room itself, which allows them to be securely fixed and strengthened.

The further plan of work is the same as when erecting this structure in a private house, namely reinforcement of the site, concreting, installation of a balcony block and erection of walls.

Thus, almost anyone can expand their living space.

Arrangement ideas

Now that the balcony has already been built with your own hands, it’s time to equip it. You should start from scratch, namely finishing the floor, ceiling and walls, painting the inside of the balcony and, if necessary, gluing wallpaper. These are basic jobs that need to be done in any case. The further work plan depends on what exactly will now be located in the new extension.

Most often, people use the balcony as a place to store unnecessary things. We offer you 4 options for improving it to your advantage.

1. A place to relax. In this case beautiful decor here it is simply irreplaceable. These could be paintings, flowers, beautiful curtains, in general, everything that will allow you to relax and enjoy the beauty of a new place. A bird feeder will also be very useful here, because in the warm season, you can watch your feathered friends. And when it’s cold, wrap yourself in a warm blanket, crawl into bed and enjoy the beauty and silence.
2. Dinner Zone. Depending on whether you built the insulated balcony yourself or not, it can be turned into a dining room. In the warm season, you can put an additional bench there, and in winter period It will be enough that there is a refrigerator and a dining area. The decoration of the room in this case should be appropriate: fruit arrangements, napkins and coasters for dishes can also be with images of fruits and vegetables. The decoration can be anything you like, the main thing is that cozy balcony turned into a really cozy dining room.
3. Workshop. New balcony can be a great place to work for handymen. Equipment can be neatly laid out on cabinets, and tools can be hung on the walls. In general, you will get a clean, comfortable workshop without unnecessary junk. But in this case, it is recommended to decorate the room with any easily washable material in order to make it easy to maintain cleanliness.
4. Storage for vegetables. Often, residents of city apartments, and even private houses, are faced with the question of where to store vegetables and fruits, as well as how to grow herbs and vegetables at home. And this is where the balcony comes to the rescue.

In any cabinet placed on the balcony, you can put special boxes for vegetables, in which they will always be visible and where they can be stored for as long as you need them. And if you buy special brackets for balcony boxes for potatoes and other vegetables, they can be mounted on the wall. At the same time, cabinets and shelves will become suitable for storing canned foods.

You can also set up a small greenhouse here, in which you can grow greens, early cucumbers, tomatoes or even melons, as many owners of balconies and loggias do. In any case, you can decorate a balcony not only with decorative elements, but also with the help of edible plants.

I’ve been thinking about adding a balcony on the second floor with my own hands for a long time, but I was confused by many questions: from how to formalize this legally, to how to choose the right design for the future space. And yet, the opportunity to purchase additional square meters, arrange a small room and a place for drying clothes - a winner!

So, here's a step-by-step guide for you!

Developing a plan

During the construction process, it is necessary to strictly follow the work plan, technical documentation, and nothing else, because any arbitrariness threatens you with serious consequences, at a minimum - the indignation of your neighbors, and at a maximum - you may lose your new building, and you will be brought to administrative responsibility. What should be included in the plan:

• collect everything Required documents for official registration;
• consider your options existing structures balcony;
• draw up a project for the premises;
• calculate the estimate.

Let's start with the most time-consuming procedure. Only after assessing the scope of work on official registration, you can understand whether you have a chance to obtain permission for an extension.

How to obtain permission for an extension

As the experience of many apartment owners and builders shows, the most difficult thing is to obtain permission to extend the second floor. There are many reasons for this, but the main one is related to a possible threat to integrity multi-storey building and the load on the load-bearing wall. Let me note: this does not mean that it is impossible to obtain the necessary package of documents.

First of all, contact the planning inspectorate in your city, after a free consultation they will provide you with a list of documents that will be required to consider the case.

Let me note right away that there are a number of legislative points on which you will be immediately denied. What's included in this list:

• the house is included in the list of architectural monuments;
• the attached balcony will overlook the main street;
• the design may compromise the integrity of the load-bearing wall of the house;
• the extension is located closer than two and a half meters to underground utilities, or they run along the wall of the house (for example, gas pipes);
• the technical design of the balcony does not meet construction standards.

Having made sure that the extension on the 2nd floor does not violate the listed points, you can safely collect the documents. What you will need:

• permission from the organization on whose balance sheet your home is located;
• residents' consent to in writing living on the left, right, above and below;
• ordering a balcony or loggia project from an architectural bureau;
• coordination finished project With supervisory authorities(gas service, Gorvodokanal, etc.), if there is a need to transfer communications, then it is necessary to prepare the relevant documents and officially pay for the work of employees from the public service.

After you have collected the entire list of documents, we head to the construction department and the district administration. What you must provide:

• application on behalf of the apartment owner for redevelopment;
• documents confirming ownership of the apartment;
• certificate from the BTI;
• finished balcony project;
• documents for coordinating the project of the future balcony with public utilities;
• written consent of the residents of the house;
• photo of the house.

I repeat that this procedure cannot be avoided, and any illegal extension is subject to demolition! After submitting all the documents, we arm ourselves with patience and wait 45 working days, during which time your application should be examined and an official response given. Having received a development warrant, you can safely begin purchasing materials and inviting builders.

I note that after completion of the work, you must invite a commission that will draw up an acceptance certificate and confirm that everything has been done in accordance with the technical documentation. At the same time, this data must be recorded in the BTI and in the property right.

Design options and costing principles

Now you can safely begin construction. There are not so many options for proven balconies for the second floor; it all depends on your personal wishes and design features.

Not everyone decides to draw up a design for an outdoor space on their own, so if you have planned a small room and not a place for drying clothes, then it is better to turn to specialists. What they can offer you:

• install a balcony on a platform fixed to a load-bearing wall;
• erect the structure on supports (pillars);
• carry out the installation of the extension in continuation beam structure interfloor ceilings;
• double balcony, addition of a second floor or construction of a balcony room on the outbuilding.

What will builders pay attention to, and what will the project and construction estimate depend on? Firstly, this is the age and condition of the house. Secondly, the thickness and integrity of the load-bearing walls and foundation. Armed project documentation home and technical passport, pay attention to what the wall is made of:

• brickwork - if it is at least 50 cm, and is solid and intact, like the foundation, then on the 2nd floor you can build any of the above-described balcony structures;
• timber - it is important that the size is at least 20x20 cm, there is no damage by insects, the interfloor ceilings and beams are in perfect condition, and the age of the house does not exceed 20 years and stands firmly on a solid foundation. Only if all of the above points are observed can you think about adding an extension to support pillars or in the form of an outbuilding;
• aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks - it is reasonable to consider the option of an extension on supports or in the form of an outbuilding;
• expanded clay concrete blocks or walls with a lightweight frame. An extension is possible only with the use of additional supports, pillars and a carefully thought-out load on them.

The functionality of the project is calculated taking into account where the window opening opens. This way, you can immediately calculate where you will have access from the apartment to the new premises. If the yard space allows it, and the residents of the house do not mind, you can consider adding a porch.

Another important factor is. At the construction stage, I strongly recommend that you think about insulation and ventilation, so as not to spend money twice on the work of builders.

Based on the information received, you can draw up an estimate and safely go to the construction site!

Tools, materials - let's start construction!

Is it possible to do without involving construction companies and crews entirely? If you are one of those who trust only themselves and have construction knowledge, then it is quite possible to make the second floor yourself!

What tools will you need:

• marking and measuring instruments: spirit level, tape measure, plumb line, markers;
• power tools: screwdriver, drill and bits, grinder and set of wheels;
• auxiliary tools: hammer, pliers, hacksaw;
• spanners;
• welding inverter, brushes with metal bristles, protective mask for welding.

Depending on the chosen design, the list and quantity of materials will change - this is obvious, but I will still present an approximate list for your reference: lumber, support poles, cement, fine crushed stone and construction sand, metal profiles And related materials, hardware and fasteners.

Installation of a balcony structure

For your consideration, I offer options for installing balcony structures for the second floor.

Balcony on brackets

The first installation option - a balcony on brackets - is ideal for small balconies.

1. We prepare welded or wooden structure from brackets according to the dimensions specified in the project. As a result, be sure to check the dimensions and angles.
2. We fasten the structure to the wall using anchor bolts or connecting threaded rods. We check the verticality of the installation using a spirit level and a plumb line.
3. We strengthen balcony slab or subfloor on brackets.

Advice: For the subfloor, boards 50 mm thick are suitable.

1. We build fences, walls and install window frames.