How to calculate radiator sections for a room. Rules for calculating heating radiators. Calculation of different types of radiators

Adjusting results

In order to obtain a more accurate calculation, you need to take into account as many factors as possible that reduce or increase heat loss. This is what the walls are made of and how well they are insulated, how large the windows are and what kind of glazing they have, how many walls in the room face the street, etc. To do this, there are coefficients by which you need to multiply the found values ​​of heat loss in the room.

The number of radiators depends on the amount of heat loss

Windows account for 15% to 35% of heat loss. The specific figure depends on the size of the window and how well it is insulated. Therefore, there are two corresponding coefficients:

• ratio of window area to floor area:
  • 10% - 0,8
  • 20% - 0,9
  • 30% - 1,0
  • 40% - 1,1
  • 50% - 1,2
• glazing:
  • three-chamber double-glazed window or argon in a two-chamber double-glazed window - 0.85
  • ordinary double-glazed window - 1,0
  • regular double frames - 1.27.

Walls and roof

To account for losses, the material of the walls, the degree of thermal insulation, and the number of walls facing the street are important. Here are the coefficients for these factors.

• brick walls two bricks thick are considered the norm - 1.0
• insufficient (absent) - 1.27
• good - 0.8

Presence of external walls:

• interior - no losses, coefficient 1.0
• one - 1.1
• two - 1.2
• three - 1.3

The amount of heat loss is influenced by whether the room is located on top or not. If there is a habitable heated room on top (the second floor of a house, another apartment, etc.), the reduction factor is 0.7, if there is a heated attic - 0.9. It is generally accepted that an unheated attic does not affect the temperature in any way (coefficient 1.0).

It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the premises and climate in order to correctly calculate the number of radiator sections

If the calculation was carried out by area, and the ceiling height is non-standard (a height of 2.7 m is taken as the standard), then a proportional increase/decrease using a coefficient is used. It is considered easy. To do this, divide the actual ceiling height in the room by the standard 2.7 m. You get the required coefficient.

Let's do the math for example: let the ceiling height be 3.0m. We get: 3.0m/2.7m=1.1. This means the number of radiator sections, which was calculated by area for of this premises need to be multiplied by 1.1.

All these norms and coefficients were determined for apartments. To take into account the heat loss of a house through the roof and basement/foundation, you need to increase the result by 50%, that is, the coefficient for a private house is 1.5.

Climatic factors

Adjustments can be made depending on average winter temperatures:

Having made all the required adjustments, you will receive a more accurate number of radiators required to heat the room, taking into account the parameters of the premises. But these are not all the criteria that affect power thermal radiation. Is there some more technical details, which we will discuss below.

The most accurate calculation option

From the above calculations, we saw that none of them is perfectly accurate, because... Even for identical rooms, the results, albeit slightly, are still different.

If you need maximum calculation accuracy, use the following method. It takes into account many coefficients that can affect heating efficiency and other significant indicators.

Generally calculation formula has the following form:

T =100 W/m 2 * A * B * C * D * E * F * G * S ,

• where T is the total amount of heat required to heat the room in question;
• S is the area of ​​the heated room.

The remaining coefficients require more detailed study. Thus, coefficient A takes into account the characteristics of the glazing of the room.

Features of room glazing

• 1.27 for rooms whose windows are glazed with just two glasses;
• 1.0 – for rooms with windows equipped with double glazing;
• 0.85 – if the windows have triple glazing.

Coefficient B takes into account the insulation features of the walls of the room.

Features of insulation of room walls

• if the insulation is low-effective. the coefficient is assumed to be 1.27;
• at good insulation(for example, if the walls are laid with 2 bricks or are purposefully insulated with a high-quality heat insulator). a coefficient of 1.0 is used;
• at high level insulation – 0.85.

Coefficient C indicates the ratio of the total area of ​​window openings and the floor surface in the room.

The ratio of the total area of ​​window openings and the floor surface in the room

The dependency looks like this:

• with a ratio of 50%, coefficient C is taken as 1.2;
• if the ratio is 40%, use a coefficient equal to 1.1;
• with a ratio of 30%, the coefficient value is reduced to 1.0;
• in the case of an even smaller percentage, coefficients equal to 0.9 (for 20%) and 0.8 (for 10%) are used.

The D coefficient indicates the average temperature at the most cold period of the year.

Heat distribution in a room when using radiators

The dependency looks like this:

• if the temperature is -35 and below, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.5;
• at temperatures up to -25 degrees, a value of 1.3 is used;
• if the temperature does not drop below -20 degrees, the calculation is carried out with a coefficient of 1.1;
• residents of regions where the temperature does not drop below -15 should use a coefficient of 0.9;
• if the temperature in winter does not fall below -10, count with a coefficient of 0.7.

The E coefficient indicates the amount external walls.

Number of external walls

If there is only one external wall, use a factor of 1.1. With two walls, increase it to 1.2; with three – up to 1.3; if there are 4 external walls, use a coefficient of 1.4.

The F coefficient takes into account the characteristics of the room above. The dependency is:

• if there is an unheated area above attic space, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.0;
• if the attic is heated - 0.9;
• if the neighbor above is a heated living room, the coefficient can be reduced to 0.8.

And the last coefficient of the formula - G - takes into account the height of the room.

• in rooms with ceilings 2.5 m high, the calculation is carried out using a coefficient of 1.0;
• if the room has a 3-meter ceiling, the coefficient is increased to 1.05;
• with a ceiling height of 3.5 m, count with a coefficient of 1.1;
• rooms with a 4-meter ceiling are calculated with a coefficient of 1.15;
• when calculating the number of battery sections for heating a room 4.5 m high, increase the coefficient to 1.2.

This calculation takes into account almost all existing nuances and allows you to determine the required number of sections of the heating unit with the smallest error. In conclusion, all you have to do is divide the calculated figure by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (check in the attached data sheet) and, of course, round the found number up to the nearest integer value.

Heating radiator calculator

For convenience, all these parameters are included in a special calculator for calculating heating radiators. It is enough to indicate all the requested parameters - and clicking on the “CALCULATE” button will immediately give the desired result:

Energy Saving Tips

Determining the number of radiators for single-pipe systems

There is another very important point: all of the above is true for two-pipe system heating. when a coolant with the same temperature enters the input of each radiator. A single-pipe system is considered much more complex: there, increasingly colder water flows to each subsequent heating device. And if you want to calculate the number of radiators for a one-pipe system, you need to recalculate the temperature every time, and this is difficult and time-consuming. Which exit? One possibility is to determine the power of the radiators as for a two-pipe system, and then, in proportion to the drop in thermal power, add sections to increase the heat transfer of the battery as a whole.

IN single pipe system the water flows to each radiator increasingly colder

Let's explain with an example. The diagram shows a single-pipe heating system with six radiators. The number of batteries was determined for two-pipe wiring. Now we need to make an adjustment. For the first heating device everything remains the same. The second one receives coolant with a lower temperature. We determine the % drop in power and increase the number of sections by the corresponding value. In the picture it turns out like this: 15kW-3kW=12kW. We find percentage: Temperature drop is 20%. Accordingly, to compensate, we increase the number of radiators: if 8 pieces were needed, there will be 20% more - 9 or 10 pieces. This is where knowledge of the room comes in handy: if it’s a bedroom or a children’s room, round to big side, if there is a living room or other similar room, round down

You also take into account the location relative to the cardinal points: in the north you round up, in the south - down.

In single-pipe systems, it is necessary to add sections to radiators located further along the branch

This method is clearly not ideal: after all, it turns out that the last battery in the branch will have to have simply enormous dimensions: judging by the diagram, coolant with specific heat capacity equal to its power, and in practice it is unrealistic to remove all 100%. Therefore, when determining the power of a boiler for single-pipe systems, they usually take a certain reserve and set shut-off valves and connect the radiators through the bypass so that the heat transfer can be adjusted and thus compensate for the drop in coolant temperature. One thing follows from all this: the number and/or size of radiators in a single-pipe system must be increased, and more and more sections must be installed as you move away from the beginning of the branch.

An approximate calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is simple and quick. But clarification depending on all the features of the premises, size, type of connection and location requires attention and time. But you can definitely decide on the quantity heating devices to create a comfortable atmosphere in winter.

How to calculate radiator sections by room volume

This calculation takes into account not only the area, but also the height of the ceilings, because all the air in the room needs to be heated. So this approach is justified. And in this case the technique is similar. We determine the volume of the room, and then, according to the standards, we find out how much heat is needed to heat it:

• V panel house heating a cubic meter of air requires 41 W;
• V brick house per m 3 - 34W.

You need to heat the entire volume of air in the room, so it is more correct to calculate the number of radiators by volume

Let's calculate everything for the same room with an area of ​​16m2 and compare the results. Let the ceiling height be 2.7m. Volume: 16*2.7=43.2m3.

• In a panel house. The heat required for heating is 43.2m 3 *41V=1771.2W. If we take all the same sections with a power of 170 W, we get: 1771 W/170 W = 10,418 pcs (11 pcs).
• In a brick house. The heat needed is 43.2m 3 *34W=1468.8W. We count the radiators: 1468.8W/170W=8.64pcs (9pcs).

As you can see, the difference is quite large: 11 pieces and 9 pieces. Moreover, when calculating by area, we got the average value (if rounded in the same direction) - 10 pcs.

Very accurate calculation of heating radiators

Above we gave an example of a very simple calculation of the number of heating radiators per area. It does not take into account many factors, such as the quality of wall insulation, type of glazing, minimum outside temperature and many others. Using simplified calculations, we can make mistakes, resulting in some rooms being cold and others too hot. Temperature can be corrected using shut-off valves, but it is best to foresee everything in advance - at least for the sake of saving materials.

If during the construction of your house you paid worthy of attention its insulation, then in the future you will save a lot on heating. How is an accurate calculation of the number of heating radiators in a private house made? We will take into account decreasing and increasing coefficients

First, let's touch on the glazing. If the house has single windows, we use a coefficient of 1.27. For double glazing the coefficient does not apply (in fact it is 1.0). If the house has triple glazed windows, we apply a reduction factor of 0.85

How is an accurate calculation of the number of heating radiators in a private house made? We will take into account decreasing and increasing coefficients. First, let's touch on the glazing. If the house has single windows, we use a coefficient of 1.27. For double glazing the coefficient does not apply (in fact it is 1.0). If the house has triple-glazed windows, we apply a reduction factor of 0.85.

Are the walls in the house laid with two bricks or is insulation provided in their construction? Then we apply a coefficient of 1.0. If you provide additional thermal insulation, you can safely use a reduction factor of 0.85 - heating costs will decrease. If there is no thermal insulation, we use an increasing factor of 1.27.

Please note that heating a home with single windows and poor thermal insulation leads to large heat (and monetary) losses. When calculating the number of heating radiators per area, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the area of ​​floors and windows

Ideally, this ratio is 30% - in this case we use a coefficient of 1.0. If you like large windows and the ratio is 40%, you should apply a factor of 1.1, and if the ratio is 50%, you need to multiply the power by a factor of 1.2. If the ratio is 10% or 20%, we apply reduction factors of 0.8 or 0.9

When calculating the number of heating radiators per area, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the area of ​​floors and windows. Ideally, this ratio is 30% - in this case we use a coefficient of 1.0. If you like large windows and the ratio is 40%, you should apply a factor of 1.1, and if the ratio is 50%, you need to multiply the power by a factor of 1.2. If the ratio is 10% or 20%, we apply reduction factors of 0.8 or 0.9.

Ceiling height – not less important parameter. We apply the following coefficients here:

Table for calculating the number of heating radiator sections depending on the area of ​​the room and ceiling height.

Is there an attic or another living room behind the ceiling? And here we apply additional coefficients. If there is a heated attic upstairs (or with insulation), we multiply the power by 0.9, and if there is a living space - by 0.8. Is there a regular unheated attic behind the ceiling? We apply a coefficient of 1.0 (or simply do not take it into account).

After the ceilings, let's start with the walls - here are the coefficients:

• one outer wall - 1,1;
• two external walls ( corner room) – 1,2;
• three external walls ( last room in an elongated house, hut) – 1.3;
• four external walls (one-room house, outbuilding) – 1.4.

Also taken into account average temperature air in the coldest winter period (the same regional coefficient):

• cold down to –35 °C – 1.5 (very large stock, allowing you not to freeze);
• frosts down to –25 °C – 1.3 (suitable for Siberia);
• temperature down to –20 °C – 1.1 (central Russia);
• temperature up to –15 °C – 0.9;
• temperature up to –10 °C – 0.7.

The last two coefficients are used in hot southern regions. But even here it is customary to leave a substantial reserve in case of cold weather or especially for heat-loving people.

Having received the final thermal power required to heat the selected room, it should be divided into the heat transfer of one section. As a result, we will receive the required number of sections and can go to the store

Please note that these calculations assume a basic heating power of 100 W per 1 sq. m

If you are afraid of making a mistake in your calculations, seek help from specialized experts. They will do their best accurate calculations and calculate the thermal power required for heating.

Calculation of heating radiators by area for a private country house

If for apartments multi-storey building The rule is 100 W per 1 m2 of room, then this calculation is not suitable for a private house.

For the first floor the power is 110-120 W, for the second and subsequent floors – 80-90 W. In this regard, multi-storey buildings are much more economical.

Calculation of the power of heating radiators by area in a private house is carried out using the following formula:

N = S × 100 / P

In a private house, it is recommended to take sections with a small margin, this does not mean that this will make you feel hot, just that the wider the heating device, the lower the temperature must be supplied to the radiator. Accordingly, the lower the coolant temperature, the longer the heating system as a whole will last.

It is very difficult to take into account all the factors that have any effect on the heat transfer of the heating device

IN in this case it is very important to calculate correctly heat losses, which depend on the size of the window and doorways, window. However, the examples discussed above make it possible to determine the required number of radiator sections as accurately as possible and at the same time ensure a comfortable temperature regime in the room

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How to calculate the number of radiator sections

There are several methods for calculating the number of radiators, but their essence is the same: find out the maximum heat loss of the room, and then calculate the number of heating devices required to compensate for them.

There are different calculation methods. The simplest ones give approximate results. However, they can be used if the premises are standard, or coefficients can be applied that allow one to take into account the existing “non-standard” conditions of each specific room (corner room, access to a balcony, wall-to-wall window, etc.). There is a more complex calculation using formulas. But essentially these are the same coefficients, only collected in one formula.

There is another method. It defines actual losses. A special device - a thermal imager - determines real heat loss. And based on this data, they calculate how many radiators are needed to compensate for them. Another good thing about this method is that the thermal imager image shows exactly where the heat is lost most actively. This could be a defect in work or building materials, a crack, etc. So at the same time we can improve the situation.

The calculation of radiators depends on the heat loss of the room and the rated thermal power of the sections

Bimetallic radiators features

Bimetallic radiators are becoming more and more popular today. This is a worthy replacement for the hopelessly outdated “cast iron”. The prefix “bi” means “two”, i.e. In the manufacture of radiators, two metals are used - steel and aluminum. Represent aluminum frame, inside of which there is a steel pipe. This combination in itself is optimal. Aluminum guarantees high thermal conductivity, and steel guarantees a long service life and the ability to easily withstand pressure drops in the heating system.

It became possible to combine seemingly incompatible things thanks to a special production technology. Bimetallic radiators are manufactured using the method spot welding or injection molding.

Advantages of bimetallic heating radiators

If we talk about advantages, then bimetallic radiators have many of them. Let's look at the main ones.

• long life span. High quality assembly and reliable “union” of two metals turns radiators into “long-livers”. They can serve regularly for up to 50 years;
• strength. The steel core is not afraid of pressure surges characteristic of our heating systems;
• high heat transfer. Thanks to the presence of an aluminum body, the bimetallic radiator quickly heats the room. In some models this figure reaches 190 W;
• resistance to rust formation. Only steel comes into contact with the coolant, which means that the bimetallic radiator is not afraid of corrosion. This quality becomes especially valuable during seasonal cleaning and water dumping;
• pleasant appearance". The bimetallic radiator is much more attractive in appearance than its cast-iron predecessor. There is no need to hide it from prying eyes with curtains or special screens. In addition, radiators differ in color design and design. You can choose what you like;
• light weight. Significantly simplifies the installation process. Now you won't need to install a battery high costs energy and time;
• compact size. Bimetallic radiators are valued for small size. They are quite compact and easily fit into any interior.

How to calculate

Different climatic zones of our country for heating apartments according to standard building regulations and rules have their own meanings. In the middle zone at the latitude of Moscow or the Moscow region, heating 1 square meter of living space with a ceiling height of up to 3 meters will require 100 watts of thermal power.

For example, to heat a room of 20 square meters you will need to spend 20×100 = 2000 Watts of thermal energy. If one section cast iron battery has a heat transfer of 160 watts, then the calculation of the number of sections will look like this: 2000:160=12.5. This means, rounding up, 12 sections or two batteries of 6 sections each.

Similar calculations can be made for other types of radiators:

Disadvantages of simplified calculation

Calculations are carried out based on formulas

A simplified calculation assumes ideal conditions sealing our apartments. However, here you need to take into account specific features winter period, namely:

1. Up to 50% of the heat entering the apartment can evaporate through window openings. Therefore, installing modern double-glazed windows will significantly reduce heat loss.
2. Corner apartments require more heat for heating, since their two walls face the street.
3. IN heating season system central heating doesn't always work like a clock. Sometimes fluctuations in coolant temperature, extreme frosts, unplanned gusts or other technical force majeure situations occur. Batteries installed according to calculation will not provide their full power heat transfer. Therefore, when installing radiators, their number should be 20% higher than calculated.

Dependence of radiator power on connection and location

In addition to all the parameters described above, the heat transfer of the radiator varies depending on the type of connection. Considered optimal diagonal connection with supply from above, in this case there is no loss of thermal power. The greatest losses are observed when lateral connection- 22%. All others are average in efficiency. Approximate percentage losses are shown in the figure.

Heat loss on radiators depending on connection

The actual power of the radiator also decreases in the presence of obstructing elements. For example, if a window sill hangs from above, the heat transfer drops by 7-8%; if it does not completely block the radiator, then the loss is 3-5%. When installing a mesh screen that does not reach the floor, the losses are approximately the same as in the case of an overhanging window sill: 7-8%. But if the screen completely covers the entire heating device, its heat transfer is reduced by 20-25%.

The amount of heat depends on the installation

The amount of heat depends on the installation location

The principle of calculating bimetallic radiators for a room

When installing bimetallic radiators, the dimensions of the room will help determine how much power the purchased sample should have. To do this, it will only be enough to multiply the above calculation results by the entire area of ​​the space being developed.

As you know, the area of ​​a room is calculated by multiplying its length by its width. But if the shape of the room is non-standard and calculating its perimeter is quite difficult, then some error in the calculations can be allowed, but the result should be rounded up.

When considering equipment such as heating radiators bimetallic dimensions sections also play an important role, since its height must be suitable for the installation location of these batteries (read: “Dimensions of heating radiators by height and width, how to calculate”). One of the parameters of such devices as bimetallic radiators - section power - has already been discussed earlier. Now we should dwell in more detail on the number of functional segments for this device. Calculating the number of sections will not be difficult: to do this, you need to divide the total power required for heating the room by the power of one section of the desired radiator model.

Watch a video about the advantages of bimetallic radiators:

Speaking about such a parameter as the size of heating radiators, bimetallic samples often have a fixed number of sections, especially for modern products. If the assortment is limited only to such devices, then it is necessary to choose the model in which the number of sections is as close as possible to the number obtained as a result of calculations. But, of course, it would be more correct to focus on samples with big amount segments, since some excess heat is still clearly better than its lack.

A quick way to calculate the number of sections

If we're talking about about replacing cast iron radiators with bimetallic ones, you can do without scrupulous calculations

Taking into account several factors:

• The bimetallic section gives a ten percent increase in thermal power compared to cast iron.
• Over time, battery efficiency decreases. This is due to deposits that coat the walls inside the radiator.
• It's better to be warmer.

The number of elements of a bimetallic battery must be the same as that of its predecessor. However, this number increases by 1 - 2 pieces. This is done to combat future decreases in the heater's efficiency.

For a standard room

We already know this method of calculation. It is described at the beginning of the article. Let's look at it in detail by turning to specific example. Let's calculate the number of sections for a room of 40 square meters. m.

According to the rules of the 1st quarter. m requires 100 W. Let's assume that the power of one section is 200 W. Using the formula from the first section, we will find the required thermal power of the room. Let's multiply 40 square meters. m. at 100 W, we get 4 kW.

To determine the number of sections, divide this number by 200 W. It turns out that a room of a given area will require 20 sections. The main thing to remember is that the formula is relevant for apartments where the ceiling height is less than 2.7 m.

For non-standard

TO non-standard premises include corner, end rooms, with several window openings. Dwellings with a ceiling height of more than 2.7 meters also fall under this category.

For the former, the calculation is carried out according to the standard formula, but the final result is multiplied by a special coefficient, 1 - 1.3. Using the data obtained above: 20 sections, assume that the room is corner and has 2 windows.

The final result is obtained by multiplying 20 by 1.2. This room requires 24 sections.

If we take the same room, but with a ceiling height of 3 meters, the results will change again. Let's start by calculating the volume, multiply by 40 square meters. m. by 3 meters. Remembering that for 1 cu. m requires 41 W., let's calculate the total thermal power. The resulting 120 cc. m multiplied by 41 W.

Exists . To heat 1 m2 of room up to comfortable temperature(+20 °C) the heater should produce 100 W of heat. This figure should be used.

You need to do the following:

1. Determine the thermal power of one edge of the battery. Often it is equal to 180 W.
2. Calculate or measure the temperature of the coolant in the heating system. If the temperature of the water entering the heater is tin. = 100 °C and leaving it is tout. = 80 °C, then the number 100 is divided by 180. The result is 0.55. Exactly 0.55 sections should be used for 1 sq. m.
3. If the measured values ​​are lower, then the ΔT indicator is calculated (in the above case it is 70 °C). To do this, use the formula ΔT = (tin. + tout.)/2 – tk, where tk is the desired temperature. The standard temperature is 20 °C. Let tin. = 60 °C, and tout. = 40 °C, then ΔT = (60 + 40)/2 – 20 = 30 °C.
4. Find a special plate in which a correction factor corresponds to a certain value of ΔT. For some radiators at ΔT = 30 °C it is 0.4. These plates must be asked from the manufacturers.
5. Multiply the thermal power of one fin by 0.4. 180 * 0.4 = 72 W. This is exactly how much heat one section can transfer from a coolant heated to 60 °C.
6. Divide the norm by 72. Total 100/72 = 1.389 sections needed to heat 1 m2.

This method has the following disadvantages:

1. Norm 100 W is designed for rooms whose height is less than 3 m. If the height is greater, then a correction factor must be used.
2. Not taken into account heat loss through windows, doors and walls if the room is corner.
3. Heat loss caused by a certain way of installing the heater is not taken into account.

Read also: Power and number of sections of aluminum radiators

Correct calculation

It provides multiplying the area of ​​the room by the norm of 100, adjusting the result depending on the characteristics of the room and dividing the final figure by the power of one rib (it is advisable to use the adjusted power).

The product of area and norm equal to 100 W is adjusted in this way:

1. For each window, 0.2 kW is added to it.
2. For each door, 0.1 kW is added to it.
3. For a corner room, the final figure is multiplied by 1.3. If the corner room is located in a private house, then the coefficient is 1.5.
4. For a room with a height greater than 3 m, coefficients of 1.05 (height 3 m), 1.1 (height 3.5 m), 1.15 (4 m), 1.2 (4.5 m) are used.

It is also necessary to take into account the method of placing the heater, which also leads to heat loss. These losses are:

• 3-4% – in case of installation heating device under wide window sill or shelf;
• 7% if the radiator is installed in a niche;
• 5-7% , if it is located near an open wall, but is partially covered by a screen;
• 20-25% – in case of complete covering by the screen.

Example of calculating the number of sections

It is planned to install the battery in a room of 20 square meters. m. The room is corner, has two windows and one door. The height is 2.7 m. The radiator will be placed under the window sill (correction factor - 1.04). The boiler supplies coolant at a temperature of 60 °C. At the outlet of the heater, the water will have a temperature of 40 °C.

Every person at least once in his life is faced with the problem of organizing the heating of his home. This may be due to the construction of a house, renovation of a purchased apartment, or the need to correct an existing heating system.

The technology of soldering PVC pipes made it possible to abandon communications made using steel structures. This technology also made it possible to avoid labor-intensive gas welding processes and made it possible to carry out many works on water supply, heating and drainage on our own.

If there is a need to do space heating work with your own hands, the question arises of how to calculate heating radiators. This will require solving a complex set of problems, including choosing a heating scheme, determining suitable material radiator, room assessment and many other factors influencing the final result of the calculation.

The correctness of the decisions made will be clear when the system starts operating in heating season. It is recommended to find out in advance how to avoid unnecessary costs and ensure indoor comfort during the cold season, as well as what factors need to be taken into account when designing a heating system.

How to calculate the number of radiators

Calculating the number of heating radiators can be done in three ways:

1. Definition necessary system heating based on the area of ​​the heated room.
2. Calculation of the required radiator sections based on the volume of the room.
3. The most complex, but at the same time the most accurate calculation method, which takes into account maximum number factors influencing the creation of a comfortable temperature in the room.

Before dwelling on the above calculation methods, we cannot ignore the radiators themselves. Their ability to transfer the thermal energy of the carrier to the environment, as well as power, depends on the material from which they are made. In addition, radiators differ in resistance (ability to resist corrosion) and have different maximum permissible operating pressure and mass.

Since the battery consists of a set of sections, it is necessary to take into account the types of materials from which radiators are made, to know their positive and negative qualities. The material chosen will determine how many battery sections will need to be installed. Now we can distinguish 4 types of heating radiators on the market. These are cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetallic structures.

Cast iron radiators perfectly accumulate heat and withstand high pressure and have no restrictions on the type of coolant. However, they are heavy and require special attention to the fastener. Steel radiators have less weight compared to cast iron, operate at any pressure and are the most budget option, but their heat transfer coefficient is lower than that of all other batteries.

Aluminum radiators give off heat well, they are lightweight, have a reasonable price, but do not withstand high pressure in the heating network. Bimetallic radiators take the best from steel and aluminum radiators, but have the highest price among the options presented.

It is believed that the power of one section of a cast iron battery is 145 W, aluminum - 190 W, bimetallic - 185 W and steel - 85 W.

The way in which the structure is connected to the heating network is of great importance. The calculation of the power of heating radiators directly depends on the methods of supply and removal of coolant, and this factor also affects the number of heating radiator sections required for normal heating of a given room.

Area calculation

This method can be called the simplest, average way to calculate the required number of batteries in a room. It allows you to quickly determine the required number of heating radiator sections.

Calculation by area implies that in a standard residential premises located in the average climatic zone, 100 W of thermal power is required per 1 m² of area. By multiplying the area of ​​the room by the required heat transfer, we obtain the total power of the battery that needs to be installed in this room.

Having decided on the material from which the structure will be made, and knowing the power of one section, you can easily calculate required amount. For example, to heat a room with an area of ​​24 m² we will need: 24 m² x 100 W/190 W (power of one aluminum section) = 2400/190 = 12.63 aluminum radiator sections. We always round up and get 13 sections in the battery.

The manufacturer indicates the weight of one section, the volume of coolant in it and linear parameters. From these data we determine dimensions the battery itself and its weight, but at the same time you need to add the weight of the working coolant.

It must be taken into account that the power calculation for square meter the premises are no different high accuracy. Different height ceilings also implies a different volume of air that needs to be heated. To take this value into account, it is better to use the following calculation method.

Calculation by room volume

This method takes into account a larger number of parameters, but as a result also gives average indicators. It is based on the SNiP standard, according to which 41 W of the thermal power of a heating battery is required to heat 1 m³ of space.

By multiplying the height of the room's ceilings by its area and multiplying the resulting value by 41 W, you can obtain the required battery power. After performing the calculations according to the above formula and selecting the material from which the radiator section is made, the desired value is determined.

Calculation example

The listed methods do not take into account individual characteristics each home, climate zone, battery installation method and other important factors that can significantly affect the final result. If it is necessary to accurately determine the power of a heating radiator, it is necessary to take into account the correction factors that contain these factors. To perform the calculation, it is recommended to use the following correction factors:

1. A1 - takes into account heat loss through the windows of the room. The value of coefficient A1 ranges from 1.27 to 0.85, where the first value corresponds to standard window with two glasses, and 0.85 - for a plastic window with triple glazing.
2. A2 - takes into account heat loss through the walls of the room and depends on the materials of the walls. A2 is taken equal to 1.27 with low thermal insulation and 0.85 with good. The unit will correspond medium degree heat loss through walls.
3. A3 - takes into account the climate zone and low temperature environment. This coefficient ranges from 1.5 (winters with temperatures of -40 °C and below) and 0.7 (winter temperatures do not fall below -10 °C).
4. A4 - takes into account the percentage of glazing relative to the total area of ​​​​all external walls of the room. The values ​​of this coefficient range from 1.2 (50% of windows) to 0.8 (windows occupy 10% of the area of ​​external walls).
5. A5 - this value takes into account the number of external walls in one room. 1.1 - one wall and 1.4 - four walls of the room that are in contact with open space.
6. A6 - allows you to take into account the temperature of the room located above. If the value is 1.0 it is unheated room, and 0.8 is a well-heated residential apartment.
7. A7 - since the general formula will be based on the calculation of the required radiator sections per unit area, this coefficient takes into account the height of the heated room. For ceiling heights of 2.5 m we accept correction factor, equal to 1.0. At a height of 3.2 m it is 1.1, and at a height of over 4 m it is 1.2 or more.

The final formula for accurately calculating the thermal power required to heat a room will look like this: P= S*100*A1*A2*A3*A4*A5*A6*A7, where

• P is the heat in W required to heat the room;
• 100 - number of W per unit area (W/m²),
• A1-A7 - correction factors.

Calculation of battery power in a room of a panel multi-storey building in middle lane RF with an area of ​​20 m² and one standard plastic window will look like this: P = 20 * 100 * 1 * 1.15 * 1 * 1 * 1.1 * 0.8 * 1 = 2024 W.

If in this room planned to install cast iron radiators, then 2024 W / 145 W = 13.9 pcs., rounded up to 14 pcs.

Is it possible to save money?

Organizing heating in a house is a costly affair, but it is possible to save money when calculating sections. The above methods use averaged power data for one section. A large assortment heating radiators from different manufacturers and the difference in standard sizes can greatly affect required quantity batteries To do this, you need to check the nameplate power of the desired sample in the store and use the specified data in the calculation.

Significant savings are possible when choosing a rational connection of the battery to the heating system. The specified rated values ​​imply efficiency assembled battery 100%, but in reality different types connections can significantly reduce this figure.

Taking into account the most accurate data on the heated room and characteristics from the manufacturer according to specified type batteries can be used rationally financial investments, avoiding the purchase of extra radiator sections.

When designing heating systems, a mandatory step is to calculate the power of heating devices. The result obtained largely influences the choice of one or another equipment - heating radiators and heating boilers (if the project is carried out for private houses not connected to central heating systems).

Most popular in this moment They use batteries made in the form of interconnected sections. In this article we will talk about how to calculate the number of radiator sections.

Methods for calculating the number of battery sections

In order to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators, you can use three main methods. The first two are quite easy, but they only give an approximate result that is suitable for typical premises multi-storey buildings. This includes the calculation of radiator sections by room area or volume. Those. in this case, it is enough to find out the required parameter (area or volume) of the room and insert it into the appropriate formula for calculation.

The third method involves using a set for calculations different coefficients, which determine the heat loss of the room. This includes the size and type of windows, floor, type of wall insulation, ceiling height and other criteria that affect heat loss. Heat loss can also occur for various reasons related to errors and shortcomings during the construction of a house. For example, there is a cavity inside the walls, the insulation layer has cracks, there is a defect in building material etc. Thus, finding all the causes of heat leakage is one of the prerequisites for performing an accurate calculation. For this purpose, thermal imagers are used, which display on the monitor the places of heat leakage from the room.

All this is done in order to select a radiator power that compensates for the total heat loss. Let's consider each method of calculating battery sections separately and give a clear example for each of them.

Calculation of the number of radiator sections by room area

This method is the simplest. To obtain the result, you will need to multiply the area of ​​the room by the value of the radiator power required to heat 1 sq.m. This value is given in SNiP, and it is:

• 60-100W for medium climate zone Russia (Moscow);
• 120-200W for areas located further north.

The calculation of radiator sections according to the average power parameter is carried out by multiplying it by the value of the room area. So, 20 sq.m. will require for heating: 20 * 60 (100) = 1200 (2000) W

Next, the resulting number must be divided by the power value of one radiator section. To find out how much area 1 radiator section is designed for, just open the equipment data sheet. Let’s assume that the power of the section is 200 W, and the total power required for heating is 1600 W (let’s take the arithmetic average). All that remains is to clarify how many radiator sections are needed per 1 m2. To do this, divide the value of the required power for heating by the power of one section: 1600/200 =8

Result: to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. you will need an 8-section radiator (provided that the power of one section is 200W).

Calculating sections of heating radiators based on the area of ​​the room gives only an approximate result. In order not to make a mistake with the number of sections, it is best to make calculations on the condition that for heating 1 sq.m. 100W power required.

This, as a result, will increase the overall costs of installing the heating system, and therefore such a calculation is not always appropriate, especially with a limited budget. The following method will give a more accurate, but still the same approximate result.

The method of this calculation is similar to the previous one, except that now from SNiP you will need to find out the power value for heating not 1 sq.m., but a cubic meter of room. According to SNiP this is:

41W for heating premises of panel-type buildings; 34W for brick houses.

As an example, let's take the same room of 20 square meters. m., and set the conditional ceiling height to 2.9 m. In this case, the volume will be equal to: 20 * 2.9 = 58 cubic meters

From this: 58*41 =2378 W for a panel house 58*34 =1972 W for brick house

Let us divide the results obtained by the power value of one section. Total: 2378/200 =11.89 (panel house) 1972/200 =9.86 (brick house)

If rounded to more, then to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. of a panel house you will need 12-section radiators, and for a brick house 10-section radiators. And this figure is also approximate. In order to calculate with high accuracy how many battery sections are needed for space heating, it is necessary to use more in a complicated way, which will be discussed below.

To carry out an accurate calculation in general formula are introduced special odds, which can both increase (increase factor) the value of the minimum radiator power for heating the room, and lower it (reduction factor).

In fact, there are many factors influencing the power value, but we will use the ones that are easy to calculate and easy to operate with. The coefficient depends on the values ​​of the following room parameters:

1. Ceiling height:
   • At a height of 2.5m the coefficient is 1;
   • At 3m – 1.05;
   • At 3.5m – 1.1;
   • At 4m – 1.15.
2. Type of glazing of indoor windows:
   • Simple double glass - coefficient is 1.27;
   • Double-glazed window – 1;
   • Triple glazing – 0.87.
3. The percentage of window area from the total area of ​​the room (for ease of determination, you can divide the window area by the area of ​​the room and then multiply by 100):
   • If the result of the calculation is 50%, a coefficient of 1.2 is taken;
   • 40-50% – 1,1;
   • 30-40% – 1;
   • 20-30% – 0,9;
   • 10-20% – 0,8.
4. Thermal insulation of walls:
   • Low level thermal insulation - coefficient is 1.27;
   • Good thermal insulation (two bricks or 15-20cm insulation) – 1.0;
   • Increased thermal insulation (wall thickness from 50cm or insulation from 20cm) – 0.85.
5. Average minimum winter temperature that can last a week:
   • -35 degrees – 1.5;
   • -25 – 1,3;
   • -20 – 1,1;
   • -15 – 0,9;
   • -10 – 0,7.
6. Number of external (end) walls:
   • 1 end wall – 1,1;
   • 2 walls – 1.2;
   • 3 walls – 1.3.
7. Type of room above the heated room:
   • Unheated attic – 1;
   • Heated attic – 0.9;
   • Heated living space - 0.85.

From here it is clear that if the coefficient is above one, then it is considered increasing, if lower - decreasing. If its value is one, then it does not affect the result in any way. To make the calculation, it is necessary to multiply each of the coefficients by the value of the room area and the average specific value of heat loss per 1 sq.m., which is (according to SNiP) 100 W.

Thus, we have the formula: Q_T= γ*S*K_1*…*K_7,where

• Q_T – required power of all radiators to heat the room;
γ – average heat loss per 1 sq.m., i.e. 100W; S – total area of ​​the room; K_1…K_7 – coefficients influencing the amount of heat loss.

• Room area – 18 sq.m.;
• Ceiling height – 3m;
• Window with regular double glass;
• The window area is 3 sq.m., i.e. 3/18*100 = 16.6%;
• Thermal insulation – double brick;
• The minimum outside temperature for a week straight is -20 degrees;
• One end (external) wall;
• The room above is a heated living room.

Now let’s replace the letter values ​​with numbers and get: Q_T= 100*18*1.05*1.27*0.8*1*1.3*1.1*0.85≈2334 W

It remains to divide the result by the power value of one radiator section. Let's assume that n is equal to 160W: 2334/160 =14.5

Those. for heating a room of 18 sq.m. and the given heat loss coefficients, you will need a radiator with 15 sections (rounded up).

There is another one easy way how to calculate radiator sections based on the material they are made of. In fact, this method does not give an exact result, but it helps to estimate approximate quantity sections of batteries that will need to be used indoors.

Heating batteries are usually divided into 3 types depending on the material they are made of. These are bimetallic, which use metal and plastic (usually as an outer covering), cast iron and aluminum radiators heating. The calculation of the number of battery sections made of one material or another is the same in all cases. Here it is enough to use the average value of the power that one radiator section can produce and the value of the area that this section can warm up:

• For aluminum batteries– this is 180W and 1.8 sq. m;
• Bimetallic – 185W and 2 sq.m.;
• Cast iron - 145W and 1.5 sq.m.

Using a simple calculator, the number of heating radiator sections can be calculated by dividing the area of ​​the room by the area that one radiator section made of the metal of interest can heat. Let's take a room of 18 square meters. m. Then we get:

• 18/1.8 = 10 sections (aluminum);
• 18/2 = 9 (bimetal);
• 18/1.5 = 12 (cast iron).

The area that one radiator section can heat is not always indicated. Manufacturers usually indicate its power. In this case, you will need to calculate the total power required to heat the room using any of the above methods. If we take the calculation by area and the power required to warm up 1 sq.m. in 80 W (according to SNiP), then we get: 20*80=1800/180 =10 sections (aluminum); 20*80=1800/185 =9.7 sections (bimetal); 20*80=1800/145 =12.4 sections (cast iron);

By rounding the decimal numbers to one side, we get approximately the same result, as in the case of calculations by area.

It is important to understand that calculating the number of sections based on the metal of a radiator is the most inaccurate method. It can help you decide on one battery or another, and nothing else.

And finally, a piece of advice. Almost every manufacturer heating equipment or an online store on its website places a special calculator for calculating the number of sections of heating radiators. It is enough to enter the required parameters into it, and the program will output desired result. But, if you don’t trust the robot, then the calculations, as you can see, are quite easy to do yourself, even on a piece of paper.

Still have questions? Call or write to us!

Batteries.

But in order for all rooms to be warm enough, you also need to decide on the exact number of sections, based on the square footage of the room and possible heat losses.

Before calculating the number of batteries or sections of heating radiators per square meter based on the area of ​​a certain room in a private house or apartment, make sure that the selection of the device was correct and that it is really suitable in your case. Let's look at their types briefly.

Aluminum

Aluminum radiators can be made from primary or secondary raw materials. The latter are noticeably inferior in quality, but are cheaper. Main advantages of aluminum batteries:

• High heat transfer,
• Light weight
• Simple universal design,
• Resistance to high pressures,
• Low inertia (quickly heat up and cool down, which allows you to quickly regulate the room temperature),
• Reasonable price (300-500 rubles per section).

Aluminum is sensitive to alkalis in the coolant, so the core is often coated with a layer of polymers, which increases the service life of the product. The main part of the models is made by casting; extrusion (extruded) sections are much less represented. Popular manufacturers: Sira, Global, Rifar and Thermal.

Bimetallic

Heat loss compensation

To ensure that the battery power is enough to heat the room, you need to make some adjustments:

• Round fractional values ​​to positive side . It’s better to leave some power reserve and let the desired temperature level be adjusted using a thermostat.
• If there are two windows in the room, then you need to divide the calculated number of sections into two and install them under each of the windows. The heat will rise, creating thermal curtain for cold air entering the apartment through the double-glazed window.
• You need to add several sections if two walls in the room face the street, or the ceiling height reaches more than 3 m.

Additionally, it is worth considering the features heating system. Standalone or individual heating much more effective compared to central systems V multi-storey buildings. If the coolant is already cooled through the pipes, the radiators will not be able to operate at full capacity.

Is it possible to save money?

Precise mathematics in the process of choosing the power of radiators and the number of sections allows you to make the room warm enough and comfortable to live in. This approach There are also financial benefits.: you can save money without overpaying for unnecessary equipment. Even more impressive savings occur when using modern plastic windows(subject to their correct installation) and the presence of thermal insulation of the walls.