How to germinate linden from seeds. The linden tree is unique in its qualities. Features of linden trees

Linden from seeds. How to grow linden from seeds?

Linden seeds must be stratified before sowing and this is done for 3-4 months in damp sand, wrapped in gauze and placed in the refrigerator. It can be planted in the spring either directly into the ground (early May) or at home in boxes - at any time, starting in February. The method of sowing at home is even preferable - the seedlings turn out better, and as soon as the seedlings reach 10-15 cm, they can be transplanted into the ground - either into a garden bed for further growing within 1-2 years, or to a permanent place.
The soil for sowing linden should be loose and ventilated; for this you can add a little peat or rotted sawdust. Gardeners also often add sand to the soil to loosen it. Seed placement depth is 1-1.5 cm. At home, you can safely sow up to 100 seeds in a box, the average germination rate is 50-60%. After sowing, the box is covered with film and placed in a warm place. The seeds germinate in 2-3 weeks; then the film is removed and the box is placed in a lighted place, usually on a windowsill on the sunny side.
As soon as the sprouts become sufficiently strong and gain strength, they should no longer be covered.During the germination of linden seeds, the ambient air temperature should not be lower than twenty degrees. The seedlings must receive enough sunlight to speed up the process of photosynthesis.
Measures for caring for linden seedlings include mandatory loosening of the soil layer and timely watering. After three weeks from the emergence of seedlings, they must be thinned in order to get rid of weak sprouts. Then all the resulting plants are planted in separate pots. This contributes to their further strengthening and growth. For this event, you need soil similar in composition to the one in which the seeds sprouted.
When transplanting seedlings, you need to carefully handle the root system, as it is still quite weak and can be damaged.
With the onset of real warmth, which occurs in May, the previously obtained seedlings are planted in an open area. Usually it is a garden. Linden trees also grow on infertile soils, so they can be planted almost anywhere. It is advisable for seedlings to choose areas for planting with a good fertile layer and lighting. It is worth excluding direct rays of the midday sun from hitting linden leaves, as burn marks may appear on them.
The moisture-loving linden requires watering, especially at the seedling stage. Therefore, it should be periodically watered and loosened the soil to allow oxygen to reach the root system. There should be no weeds around the linden tree, as they will inhibit its growth.

You can purchase four types of linden seeds in our online stores

The linden tree is no less common in our squares and parks than maples, birches and poplars. It is valued for its unpretentiousness, exceptional longevity, and thick silky crown. The entire plant, from flowers to wood, brings great benefits. Inflorescences, bark, buds and bracts are valuable medicinal raw materials; not a single Russian steam room can do without a linden broom; environmentally friendly dishes, washcloths, and burlap are made from durable bast.

This green beauty is rightfully considered a real treasure among the trees. In addition, it is easy to grow it yourself. In a word, the linden itself asks to be placed under our windows. All that remains is to learn the intricacies of planting and caring for this amazing plant.

In the old days, seals were made of metal, which was expensive and difficult to process. Craftsmen began to forge them, cutting blanks from soft and pliable linden wood. Since then, the “fake” label has been firmly attached to all fakes.

Description of the tree

In Russia, linden is found throughout the entire territory, with the exception of the northernmost regions. Some of its varieties have mastered the Far East and Southern Siberia. Linden looks wonderful both in single plantings and in alleys and green tunnels.

Linden belongs to woody plants of the Malvaceae family. Young leaves have stipules that quickly fall off. The blossoming leaves are heart-shaped or oval, with jagged edges. The flowers are collected in inflorescences-umbrellas, which extend from the bract leaf, unlike all the others. After flowering ends, a nut-shaped fruit with seeds ripens.

In the open, linden forms as a spreading single-trunked or multi-trunked tree. In the shade it looks more like a tall shrub. Life expectancy reaches 600 years.

Types of linden

The Linden tree genus describes about 45 species. Several varieties are common in Eastern Europe - cordate linden (small-leaved or winter). It is distinguished by the bluish underside of the leaves, on which there are tufts of light brown hairs.

The second variety is large-leaved linden (flat-leaved or summer). It wakes up earlier in the spring and has larger leaves without a bluish coating.

In the Caucasus, Crimea and the central European part of Russia, felt or silver linden is also found. Its heavily pubescent leaves resemble felt to the touch. This variety reaches 35 m in height and has a wide pyramidal crown.

The Caucasian linden is distinguished by its even greater height, spherical spreading crown and reddish-brown shoots.

Manchurian linden is a low tree with good winter hardiness. It is often multi-stemmed. Widely distributed in the south of the Far East.

Linden is easy to propagate by root shoots, stem layering, seeds and seedlings.

How to grow linden from seeds

Propagation by seeds is the longest growing method. At least 10 years will pass from the moment the seedlings transform into a young tree.

For good germination, linden seeds must be stratified. They are placed in a container with a damp substrate and placed in a cool, dark place for 5–6 months, periodically moistening.

In spring, stratified seeds are sown in open ground. The seedlings are protected from wind and heavy rain and thinned out. At the beginning of summer, seedlings are fed with fertilizers containing nitrogen; in the second half of summer they switch to phosphorus-potassium mixtures.

For the winter, young sprouts need shelter. The following year, the plants are planted in a permanent place, which should preferably be fenced.

Reproduction by layering

To obtain stem cuttings in the spring before the leaves appear, bend the lower branches to the ground, place them in shallow grooves and dig them in. Cuttings of currants and gooseberries are obtained in approximately the same way. After 1–2 years, the branches will sprout roots and a new plant will appear above the ground. It is cut off from the mother root with a sharp shovel and transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of linden by root layering is even easier. Mature plants produce abundant shoots, which are carefully separated from the parent tree and transplanted to a new location.

How to plant a linden seedling correctly

Linden is undemanding to soils, but prefers light sandy loam with a high content of humus. Does not tolerate high groundwater.

When planting linden seedlings to create a hedge, you should know that they will reach full development only by 25–40 years.

Young linden trees easily tolerate minor damage to the roots, but still, when planting, care should be taken to leave the earthen lump intact. When purchasing a seedling from a nursery, it is advisable to choose specimens with a closed root system.

The planting hole for a standard linden seedling should be at least half a meter in diameter and depth. A layer of drainage is poured onto the bottom - pebbles, crushed stone, expanded clay or broken brick. A layer of mature compost mixed with superphosphate at the rate of 50–60 g per seedling is placed on top of the drainage. Then the seedling is placed in the hole and covered with soil with the following composition:

• 1 part of turf land;
• 2 parts humus;
• 2 parts sand.

To strengthen the seedlings you will need stakes. 2-3 pegs are driven into the edges of the planting hole and tied to the trunk with soft loops.

The root collar is placed at ground level. If the soil in the hole settles slightly and the neck is slightly lower, this is not a problem for the linden tree.

After planting, caring for the linden tree involves abundant watering. Grown trees are fed twice a year. In spring, add to a bucket of water:

• 1 kg of manure;
• 20 g urea;
• 25 g ammonium nitrate.

Mix everything and pour it into the tree trunk after watering with clean water. In autumn, add 20 g to a bucket of water.

Crown care and formation

Only young plants need regular moisture. Adult specimens tolerate drought without problems. They are watered only during the driest period at the rate of 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. m of tree trunk circle.

Loosening the soil under the linden tree is carried out several times a season, while simultaneously removing weeds. Before winter, seedlings are mulched with leaf litter, sawdust, wood chips or peat 10–12 cm thick.

The linden tree is pruned twice a year. Spring sanitary pruning is carried out before the buds open. The tree is carefully inspected and dry, broken and diseased branches are cut off. During autumn formative pruning, crowns growing inward and strongly thickening branches are removed.

At the very first pruning, the branches are shortened by no more than 1/3.

With such careful care, the linden tree will quickly turn into a luxurious, spreading beauty. Rest in its shade will be serene, and the aroma of flowers on a July afternoon will refresh and bring back the best memories.

Planting a linden tree in a summer cottage - video

Mighty linden trees have a beautiful curly crown. In summer it turns into a fragrant, buzzing hive. If the plot is spacious, its owners can plan in advance how and where to plant the linden tree. Several trees will make a great grouping. The linden tree will become tall and lush in a few decades. The young tree is distinguished by its plasticity; the crown is given the appearance of choice. Linden trees at any age are attractive due to the cozy shadow created by the picturesque foliage.

Kinds

The broad-leaved tree formed in a temperate climate millions of years ago. Most common in Europe and Asia, there are more than 30 species. It grows in wild and cultivated forms. Different types of linden bloom from spring to mid-summer. The tree is a long-liver; there are specimens that grow for over 500 years. There are large linden plantations on the site of old landowners' estates, which are more than 200 years old.

• Caucasian linden

The trunk grows up to 40 m, the crown is rounded and very spreading. Dark red young shoots look picturesque. Found in the Caucasus and northwest Asia.

• Manchurian linden

The tree often grows with many trunks, rising up to 20 m. The frost-resistant species is common in the Far East and the Amur region.

• Silver linden

This species is also called tomentose linden. The leaves have a delicate fluff on top and a dense fluff on the bottom. A tree with a wide pyramidal crown, tall, reaches 30 m. It is found in the forests of the middle climatic zone of Russia.

• Small-leaved linden

In our country this is the most common type. Usually, when people talk about linden, they mean this type of linden tree.

• Linden large-leaved, or broad-leaved

Very similar to small-leaved. The surface of the leaf blade is wider, up to 12 cm. A tree with a tent-shaped crown, a width from 18 to 25 m. It grows faster than a small-leaved tree, reaching 40 m. Over the course of a year, a seedling grows by 45 cm, and the crown spreads out to 35 cm. It is demanding on soils, develops better on alkaline or slightly acidic soils. Distributed in Western Europe in regions with mild winters.

When buying seedlings of Manchurian and broad-leaved linden, choose those grafted onto small-leaved linden. They develop faster and bloom from 5-6 years.

Description

The trunk of the small-leaved linden is erect, single, and reaches 30 m in height. The bark is gray-brown, covered with a network of cracks. The crown is branched and dense. The alley of old linden trees almost does not allow the wind to pass through and forms a kind of cozy space. There are also multi-stemmed trees. In oppressed conditions, the plant takes on the appearance of a shrub, which spreads through root shoots. A strong root system is based on a powerful tap root that penetrates deep into the ground.

The leaves are large, up to 17 cm, heart-shaped, serrated. The flowers are small, collected in semi-umbrellas with large leaf-shaped greenish-yellow bracts. When the time for linden to bloom comes, in June-July, the air is filled with a calming aroma that spreads over several tens of meters. The flowers are rich in nectar; this tree is the best honey plant. The seeds are edible small nuts.

Characteristic

Small-leaved linden is an unpretentious, winter-hardy, shade-tolerant and drought-resistant tree. Tolerates 40-degree frosts. It likes to grow in spacious sunny areas; the crown in such a planting becomes especially luxurious. Large trees grow on fertile, moderately moist soils with good natural drainage. In its distribution area, small-leaved linden is found on different types of soil. The best soil for it is sandy, enriched with humus. The tree will not grow in areas where groundwater is close to it.

The period of development of linden is very extended. Young seedlings rise slowly. Only after 7–10 years of age do trees grow more intensively and exceed 2–3 m. A tall, spreading small-leaved linden tree is formed only by the age of 40. Due to their strong roots, mature trees do not need watering. Water young plants during prolonged periods of drought. Caring for seedlings includes regular watering.

Linden was widely used and continues to be used in landscaping. But a durable tree cannot tolerate concentrations of pollutants - in the conditions of the streets of industrial cities it lives only up to 60-80 years. In city parks, linden plantings last twice as long.

Beekeepers try to plant large groups of linden trees, if possible, on the site. Thanks to linden nectar, the productivity of bee colonies increases and the quality of honey improves.

Application in landscape design

Linden trees are often planted in parks, as well as in spacious garden plots. Thanks to its silky, spreading, but neatly formed crown, the tree is very decorative. The crown forms independently, but the tree easily tolerates pruning and holds the silhouette created by the garden designer for a long time. This powerful plant looks spectacular in different garden design options.

• Lipa is a bright soloist, located no closer than 8-10 m from a residential building.
• Creates a dense hedge, almost a green wall, which can be trimmed as desired. Seedlings for the hedge are placed every 2 m.
• Romantic alleys that will become more and more charming as you grow older. The distance between seedlings is at least 4 m.
• Picturesque groves of several trees.

When planting a linden tree, you need to remember that in 10-15 years it will spread its branches widely and occupy a large area. Dense foliage does not allow you to choose a wide range of ground covers.

Reproduction

Linden is propagated by growing seedlings from seeds, digging root cuttings, and cuttings created from low-lying branches. It may take 10 years before a young flowering tree is obtained.

• Stem layering

In early spring, a part of the lower branch is buried, securing it to the ground. The site is marked and watered, especially during summer dry periods. Rooting continues for more than one season. The seedling will be ready for planting in 2-3 years.

• Root layering

It is easier to propagate linden this way because it produces abundant root shoots. A seedling with a thick lobe is selected and moved to a new area.

• Seeds

Growing linden with seeds is a long and rather complicated process. But as a result, you can get more than a dozen seedlings. Under natural conditions, linden seeds do not germinate next spring, but a year later. Therefore, to germinate, they need to be stratified for a long time - up to six months. To do this, prepare a container with wet sawdust, sand or a sand-peat mixture (in a 1:1 ratio). The seeds are deepened by 2-3 cm, the container is placed in a cold and dark place, preferably with a temperature that remains at zero. The mixture is watered moderately all the time so that the seeds do not dry out.

In the spring, the seeds are taken out and sown in a plot in the garden. If there is a threat of return frosts, the seedlings must be covered, otherwise they may die. Young stickies are sensitive to moisture. They are watered regularly and the soil is kept free of weeds. In good conditions, by autumn the seedlings grow to 15-50 cm. A full-fledged seedling is obtained after 2 years. Different species have different growth vigor. Small seedlings are transplanted only in the spring; they do not tolerate autumn transplantation well.

If seedlings are grown in containers, the substrate is prepared from 1 part of turf or garden soil, and 2 parts of humus and sand are also taken. Humus is sometimes replaced with compost.

Landing

Seedlings that have grown for 2-3 years and reached a height of 1-1.5 m are transplanted in the fall, choosing damp, cool weather.

1. For the soil mixture, prepare turf soil, compost or humus and sand, enriching it with 50 g of superphosphate.
2. A hole is dug up to 0.7-0.8 m deep and 0.5 m in diameter.
3. Drainage is laid below, and then ready-made soil.
4. A seedling is placed on humus, sprinkled with soil mixture and filled with water.
5. A peg is installed nearby to which the seedling is attached.
6. After planting the tree, sides are installed around the perimeter of the hole to retain water after watering.
7. The tree trunk circle is mulched.

When planting, the root collar of the linden seedling is left above the soil.

Care

Linden does not require special care, but some manipulations are still necessary at first.

• The tree trunk circle is regularly loosened, removing weeds.
• A young tree needs to be constantly watered with 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. m crown projection, then mulch the soil near the trunk.
• For the first few years, young linden is fed with a solution of mullein and water in a ratio of 1:10. Feeding is carried out in April or May, in early and mid-summer. 25 g of ammonium nitrate and 20 g of urea are also added to mullein.
• In autumn, the seedling is fertilized with 20 g of nitroammophoska per 10 liters of water.
• In the spring, sanitary pruning of shoots is carried out.
• The next year after planting, the seedling can be trimmed, shortening the branches by no more than one third.

Diseases and pests

Linden leaves can suffer from gleosporium, or cream spot, caused by a fungus. Trees are sprayed with fungicides “Strobi”, “Abiga-Pik”, “Vectra”. Treatment must be carried out, otherwise, if the disease persists, the tree may not bloom next year.

Old trees are affected by white rot, which is caused by tinder fungi developing on the trunks.

The traditional tree of Slavic villages will decorate the site for many years - and will become a family tree as a keepsake for posterity.

Linden is one of the most flexible trees, capable of adapting to various living conditions (especially small-leaved linden). It can exist both in the form of a large tree and in the form of a bush (in conditions of oppression). Linden is capable of vegetative propagation with the help of special underground shoots, due to which it “spreads” itself. Within its natural range, it can grow on almost any soil, although, of course, it prefers fertile and well-moistened soils. Growing large seedlings in a nursery takes one to two years.

A feature of growing small-leaved linden and other species is the absolute need for special pre-sowing seed treatment or autumn sowing. Without long-term (3-6 months depending on the type of linden and the quality of the seeds) keeping wet seeds at a temperature of about 0 °, the seeds simply do not germinate. In order to ensure normal germination of seeds, you can either sow them in the fall (then the necessary cold preparation will take place naturally), or keep them in appropriate conditions - for example, in boxes with sawdust or wet sand, placed in a cold basement. If you have a glacier (a cellar in which a thick layer of ice freezes in winter and as a result the temperature remains close to 0° in summer), then the seeds can be stored in such a glacier before planting - again in boxes with sawdust or wet sand. After such preparation, the seeds can no longer be dried, otherwise they will die - they must be sown immediately in moist soil.

In general, linden is not the easiest tree to grow in amateur nurseries, although different types of linden are capricious to varying degrees. In addition to the need for pre-sowing preparation, linden is characterized by sensitivity to late frosts - seedlings that appear during such frosts can easily die. Small linden seedlings are quite difficult to tolerate replanting (one-year-old seedlings should only be replanted in the spring; autumn replanting is much more difficult for them to tolerate).

In addition to sowing seeds, you can use transplantation of linden seedlings that appear under the crowns of old trees after a bountiful seed harvest. Small seedlings (do not yet have true leaves, but only cotyledons) can easily tolerate transplantation if done in cool and humid weather. Under favorable conditions, “wild” seedlings can easily be dug up for an entire bed. Since the germination of linden seeds occurs rather late and unfriendly, seedlings should be looked for after the first leaves begin to bloom on adult linden trees.

Linden is very sensitive to soil moisture. Therefore, in dry weather, crops need to be watered. In good conditions, the height of seedlings by autumn can reach 15-50 cm (depending on weather conditions, soil and type of linden.

In late autumn, when the linden tree has already dropped its leaves, its fruits still hang on the tree. They fall all winter until spring. Once on the ground, linden seeds never germinate in the first spring; they lie for at least a year. For normal germination, seeds must undergo prolonged cooling, while in a moist state.

The tallest of the broad-leaved trees, linden, blooms in June-July with small fragrant flowers, after which hard pea-shaped fruits are formed. Susceptible to aphids. Loves moisture, well-drained soils and sunny or slightly shaded areas.

Linden blooms later than all our other trees, already in mid-summer. Its small pale yellow flowers, rich in nectar, have a unique aroma. Linden is one of the best honey plants. Its flowers are known for their healing properties. Linden tea is drunk for colds.

Sometimes linden (especially European) lives up to 500-1000 years. It grows up to 40m in height and up to 5m in diameter.

Linden is widely grown in parks. Linden wood is soft, easy to process, and is used for the production of furniture, barrels, and wooden musical instruments; bast is used for bast; bark of young trees - for bast - for weaving baskets, shoes, ropes.

Linden is a picky tree that can grow on any soil. It can also be in the form of a tall tree or dense bush. Linden leaves and flowers have long been known for their beneficial properties. Valuable wood is used in furniture production and basket weaving.

You can grow linden using seeds, which must undergo special preparation. Seeds are usually exposed to cold when they overwinter on the ground. When the first sunlight and warmth appear, they begin to germinate, but very few grow into a strong tree.

When planting seeds yourself, a cooling process called stratification is also used. To do this, they are moistened and placed in the cold for 3 months. Often sawdust, sand and a little peat are used for this. This whole mixture is moistened and linden seeds are poured into it. The prepared soil is placed in a container and sent into the cold, where the temperature is maintained from 0 to +3 degrees. In such conditions, the seeds remain almost all winter. During this time, the hardened shell is slightly destroyed, which makes it possible for the sprouts to hatch easily.

Preparing the soil and planting seeds

Although linden can grow in infertile soil, it is necessary to select high-quality soil for germinating seeds. The following components are suitable for this:

• deciduous soil;
• turf;
• humus;
• fertile black soil;
• sand.

It is necessary to plant the seeds in the prepared soil immediately from the substrate in which they have been located all winter. The seeds should not be allowed to dry out, otherwise they will not germinate. In order not to damage the swollen planting material, you need to transfer it without cleaning the previous prepared soil.

The seeds are planted in rows, between which there should be a distance of 15-20 cm. Then they are sprinkled with 1 cm of soil. You can also compact the soil a little so that it fits well to each seed and the sprouts quickly hatch. To maintain the required humidity and temperature, it is better to cover the box with seeds with transparent polyethylene.

If the temperature is above 20 degrees and proper soil moisture is maintained, the first shoots will appear in about two weeks. Despite the correct preparation of the seeds, they still germinate unevenly and weakly. When shoots appear, the cover must be removed so that the linden shoots can see the light and can breathe freely.

Caring for linden seedlings

To avoid burning the tender seedlings, it is important to avoid direct sunlight. Regular watering will help the seedlings develop quickly. To strengthen the root system, it is necessary to carefully loosen the soil.

When the seedlings have reached three weeks of age, they need to be thinned out. To do this, weak seedlings with thin stems and weak coloring are removed. After this, it is necessary to dive. It is worth digging up seedlings that are disturbing others and transplanting them into another container. In order not to damage the root, you need to dig it up along with a lump of earth. It is also necessary to transplant the seedling into similar soil for further decent growth. To spend less time replanting small bushes, you can plant them in peat pots. When planting a tree in open ground, pots are planted in the same way, which protects the root from damage and saves time.

Planting linden in open ground

The end of May and beginning of June is suitable for this. At this time, the weather is normalizing and severe frosts are not expected. It is necessary to plant small linden trees in an area where there is enough light. However, you should not choose completely open areas where trees can die from the scorching sun. In order for the linden tree to develop adequately, it must be regularly watered and loosened the soil.

Open ground carries a certain danger, since the tree is not protected from pests and diseases. Dangerous pests include lacewing and leaf roller. To kill them, it is necessary to spray them with a special preparation when these “guests” appear. For greater effect, it is necessary to carry out three treatments of the crown of young growth throughout the entire season.

Also, young trees can suffer and die from fungi and other diseases. These include thyrostromosis, marble rot and white spots on the leaves. To protect young animals from these fungi, you need to regularly inspect the seedlings and carry out preventive spraying with copper sulfate or other means.

If the leaves become stained, then they, as well as the branches, must be removed from the trees and burned to avoid the growth of the fungus. You also need to disinfect the soil using special preparations for this. In case of severe damage by disease or fungus, the seedling must be dug up and removed from healthy linden trees. It is best to burn a sick tree away to destroy the fungus and prevent it from spreading to healthy trees.

After 1-2 years, a small linden tree can be transplanted to a permanent location. This one is best done in the fall to ensure there is enough moisture. A linden tree can decorate any plot of land. Some lindens live up to 1000 years and reach 40 meters in height. Therefore, they will be able to become an inheritance not only to grandchildren, but also to great-grandchildren.

Linden is one of the most common trees used for urban landscaping. Planted in parks and squares, used to create alleys and hedges. It is valued for its unpretentiousness, neat appearance, discreet decorativeness, thick, silky crown, pleasant aroma of flowers and durability. Today, some types of this tree are used in landscape design. A single linden tree with a correctly formed, graceful crown, growing in a garden plot or local area, looks impressive. It easily tolerates cutting and retains its desired shape for a long time.

The plant is very unpretentious, can grow in shady places and in open, sunlit areas. Prefers well-drained, moderately moist soil. Improves soil properties with its own fallen leaves. Excess or lack of moisture inhibits the plant and negatively affects its development. Small-leaved linden is widespread in Russia, the areole of which falls on the European part of the country.

Grow a linden tree can be from seeds or using seedlings. Under natural conditions, once in the ground, they are stored in the soil for a year until next spring. Thus, their stratification occurs. During artificial stratification, they are cooled in a humid environment. To do this, they are placed in a container with wet sand and stored in a cool room at a temperature not exceeding 0°C. The duration of stratification is up to 5 months. Sprouted ones are planted in prepared soil in the spring. can be sown in autumn without prior stratification, but their germination rate will be significantly lower.

linden tree in autumn

Planting a linden tree is also done in another way. To do this, seedlings that begin to grow near perennial trees are transplanted. dug in the forest or forest belt. They easily tolerate replanting in cool, damp weather. The best time to plant linden trees is in the fall. For planting, fairly deep planting holes are dug, 0-5 m wide. Humus is poured into the bottom. The seedling is placed in a hole and watered abundantly with water. After planting, it is necessary to form a hole near the trunk so that when watering the water does not spread, but accumulates in the areas where the root system is located.

Planting of large seedlings, reaching 1.5-5 m in height, is carried out in the fall. During the season, three feedings of mullein infusion are required in the spring, June and July. Feeding is especially important in the first years of a plant’s life. Trimming is already done on one-year-old trees.

How to transplant a linden tree

Quite often, if transplanted incorrectly, young linden trees do not take root and die. In order to preserve the plant and prevent damage, you should follow some rules. When digging a seedling out of the ground, it is important not to damage the root system; damaged roots are carefully cut off. Only strong and healthy individuals grown in open, well-lit areas are suitable for transplantation.

Those dug up must be buried immediately. You cannot leave them in the wind with exposed roots. Planting pits are prepared in advance. The roots in the hole should be free. To tie up the seedlings, you will need stakes; this will protect the young plants from strong wind gusts and help them to become well established in the ground. The trunk is tied to a peg using soft material. Plants are placed in a hole so that the root collar remains on the surface. When adding soil to the roots, you need to immediately compact it from the edges to the center. After this, you should water generously, even if the transplant is done in wet weather. To ensure that the trunk hole remains moist for as long as possible, it is covered with a layer of dry soil. The soil on the tree trunks must be loosened regularly.

In spring, trees are replanted before buds open. Linden trees are planted in the fall after the end of the growing season. If all the rules are followed, the plant will take root well in its new location.

Linden propagation: planting seedlings in autumn

Linden propagation is carried out by seeds and vegetatively from the shoots of an underground shoot that shoots out not far from the tree itself.

When propagating by seeds in spring, mandatory pre-sowing stratification is required. Without stratification, seeds usually do not germinate. In addition, this tree is sensitive to spring frosts, so seedlings that appeared before frost may die. Small seedlings do not tolerate transplantation well; it is recommended to replant only adult annual specimens. Planting linden seedlings in the fall is more difficult than planting in spring. The height of the seedlings by autumn can reach up to 50 cm, depending on the growing conditions and the type of linden. In the spring, a year later, the largest seedlings are selected and transplanted to a permanent place. Rows of young trees are placed at a distance of up to 30 cm from each other. The first year after planting requires systematic cultivation. Typically, seedlings gain strength within 2 years.

Small-leaved linden tree: planting and

Small-leaved linden is common in the European part of Russia and Western Siberia. It is characterized by increased frost resistance, shade tolerance and drought resistance. This plant is propagated by seeds, cuttings, grafting and layering.

Despite its shade tolerance, the tree grows and develops better in well-lit areas. When planting in hedges, the distance between seedlings should be at least 2 m, in alleys and groups - at least 4 m. Sod, compost and sand are suitable as a soil mixture. Fertilizing is done in early spring with a solution of mullein, ammonium nitrate and urea. In autumn, nitroammophoska is used.

Loosening is carried out to a depth of 10 cm simultaneously with the removal of weeds. The tree trunk circle is mulched with peat or wood chips. At the beginning of spring, drying branches are pruned.

This type of linden is suitable for urban landscaping because it tolerates air pollution well. Used for planting in parks. The main advantage of the tree is its thick, beautiful crown, which is easy to mold.

There are only about 50 species in the world. Flowering and fruiting of trees of different species occur at different times. In the first years, young individuals grow slowly. Intensive growth is observed at the age of 7-10 years. During this time, the seedlings reach a height of 2-3 m. To accelerate the growth and flowering period of Manchu and large-leaved linden trees, their cuttings are grafted onto the rootstock of small-leaved linden. Grafted plants begin to bloom at the age of 5-6 years.

Linden is a durable tree, so linden plantations can be used for up to 200 years without renewal

But this is not the only thing that makes the tree remarkable. Its flowers have amazing medicinal properties that can cure some diseases. Therefore, growing linden in your garden is not only pleasant, but also useful. Its average age is 400 years. There were long-livers in the world, whose age reached 1200 years. If you want to see such a tree at home, then walk along the linden alleys. And we will tell you how to get its seedling in a simple way.

Description of the beneficial properties of the plant

Linden is an excellent honey plant. Bees from one tree collect nectar, which can produce about 16 kilograms of honey. It tastes good and has medicinal properties. Also, linden flowers themselves are used both in traditional and folk medicine to treat diseases, as they have the following properties:

• sweatshop;
• diuretic;
• choleretic;
• anti-inflammatory.

In case of food poisoning, linden bark and branches are used because they are an adsorbent of toxins. Tar obtained from linden wood is good for treating skin eczema, and charcoal fights tuberculosis and intestinal problems. If you grind the linden fruit into powder and add vinegar, it will stop the bleeding. Fresh foliage placed on the head relieves headaches.

Distribution and reproduction

Linden can easily adapt to different conditions. It grows in different soils, although, of course, it loves fertile ones most of all. In forest belts you can find entire linden plantations. Moreover, it grows as both trees and shrubs, forming impenetrable thickets. The fact is that the tree reproduces by underground shoots, which spread very quickly. In addition, the seeds that appear after flowering are sifted around.

Lonely linden trees can be found along roads, in parks and squares; they envelop everything around with a delicate aroma. This is because the tree is unpretentious, so it is actively used for landscaping. Young seedlings are grown in the nursery for at least two years.

The easiest way to propagate linden is with seeds that appear in mid-summer. They can be planted in two ways: in the fall and immediately after ripening. The difference is that if you plant an immature seed, it will germinate sooner, but autumn planting will sprout no earlier than two years later.

It’s even easier to collect young shoots under the tree crowns; they can be replanted and young trees can be grown. Transplantation is carried out only in the spring, since sprouts planted in the fall will simply die at the first frost. The shoots easily take root in new places, just remember to thoroughly moisten the soil at first.

As an option, sprouted seeds that have been sifted from the tree are collected in early spring and planted in the ground. Those seedlings that were collected after flowering before planting in the ground must be kept moist for two to six months, while maintaining a low temperature within 0 degrees. If such conditions are not met, then the sprouts may not be seen.

Seedlings require care. First of all, it consists of good watering. Since wood is sensitive to moisture. Proper maintenance of young animals will allow them to gain up to 50 centimeters per year.

Don't expect the young tree to bloom quickly. It will come no earlier than in 20 years. But after this time, for two weeks in July you will inhale a wonderful aroma and collect color for the winter, which is added to tea. Tinctures and decoctions are also prepared from it. They will help treat, for example, colds, bronchitis, kidney diseases and more.

If you have a Russian bathhouse, then linden brooms are perfect, which you can prepare for future use.

Linden is a tall woody plant. The genus includes up to 45 species of trees and large shrubs. Linden appeared on earth 70 million years ago. It withstood the warming period and survived the Ice Age, and witnessed important historical events. The linden tree has long been considered a symbol of happiness and freedom.

Description.

Linden is a tall tree with a spreading crown. The leaves are obliquely heart-shaped or heart-shaped with serrated edges arranged alternately. When the leaves bloom, the stipules fall off. The flowers are collected in inflorescences resembling an umbrella. The fruit is nut-shaped and may have 1-2 seeds.

Linden is a long-lived tree. Specimens are known to have lived for 1200 years. The linden alley pleases the eye not only with the beauty of its spreading crown and the delicate aroma of flowers in white and yellow shades, but is also valued for its medicinal properties. Linden flowers have long been used by home healers in folk medicine to treat colds.

Under natural conditions, linden blooms only in the 20th year of life, but in park areas, flowering can occur 30 years after planting. During the blooming of flowers, which occurs in June-July, the air is filled with a subtle, enchanting and sweetish aroma that spreads far beyond the linden alleys.

Beneficial features.

Small-leaved linden is considered an excellent honey plant. In traditional medicine, only linden flowers are used as a remedy; traditional healers use all parts of the plant to treat diseases. Procurement of raw materials on a large scale is carried out only when the linden tree reaches 90 years of age.

Collection and storage of medicinal raw materials.

Only benign inflorescences with stipules are of value. During collection, do not cut off flowers with darkened bracts, holes from leaf beetles, or signs of rust. You cannot collect flowers from linden trees growing near the apiary.

You need to harvest raw materials during flowering, when half of the flowers in the inflorescence have bloomed, and the second half is still in the bud stage. The collected inflorescences must be dried in the shade or in a dryer. During drying, the temperature should not exceed 40-45 ºC.

Dried inflorescences should be placed in a paper bag or cloth bag and placed in a dark place. During storage, the bags should not be pressed down with anything, as the raw materials can be easily crushed. Dried inflorescences retain their medicinal properties for 2 years.

From 1 kg. flowers yield 300 g of dried raw materials. This amount is enough for a family for 2 years. Therefore, you should not procure raw materials in large volumes.

Linden flowers contain essential oils, flavonoids, tannins and bitter substances, wax and carotene, a sufficient amount of vitamins, macro- and microelements. Preparations based on linden blossom are used to increase urination and sweating. Linden flowers have anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.

Tea made from flowers helps with fever, treats flu and chronic bronchitis. Prepared infusions of linden blossom are used for lotions and rinsing of the mouth, when ulcers appear, and for inflammation. Recommended for the treatment of gingivitis, sore throat, stomatitis, laryngitis. Lotions and poultices help with swelling, ulcers, and inflammation of hemorrhoids. Linden infusion can be used to wipe oily facial skin.

You should not overuse infusions and tea, as linden blossom has a stimulating effect on the nervous system and affects the functioning of the heart. If there is sand in the urine, it is recommended to prepare an infusion of linden flowers with sage. In addition to flowers, linden charcoal, obtained from dried twigs and tree bark, is used to treat diseases. Taking charcoal is recommended for poisoning to absorb toxic substances, for gastrointestinal diseases, tuberculosis, and diarrhea.

Linden tar is used to treat eczema and non-healing wounds. In case of a strong cough, when sputum is difficult to separate, a cloth smeared with tar is applied to the back in the area between the shoulder blades. After 2 days, the cloth should be changed.

Linden buds are used to treat burns and inflammation of the mammary glands. They have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Linden bark enhances the formation of bile. The bark is harvested in winter, after which it is dried in a warm room or in a dryer, and crushed. You can take it in the form of crushed powder or brew tea. Young linden bark contains mucus, so it is used to treat hemorrhoids, gout and severe burns.

Linden fruits are used to stop nosebleeds, and the powder is applied to wounds. Linden leaves relieve headaches and can be applied to boils.

Linden honey is considered the highest quality. One bee colony can produce up to 10 kg per season. honey Flowers release nectar early in the morning and in the evening, so at this time the linden tree is “humming” with bees. Fresh honey has a pleasant smell and is greenish or light yellow in color.

Wood.

The wood cannot be deformed, although it is very soft. Used for making plywood, drawing boards, containers for grape pressure. Linden wood is also valued by woodcarvers, as it has a pure white color and is easy to cut. Musical instruments are made from wood.

Landing.

Linden can adapt to any growing conditions. Under natural conditions, the tree is ready to grow on any soil; when grown on site, it prefers fertile soil. When digging up a young seedling, care must be taken not to damage the root system. Light damage will not destroy the plant, but with an intact root system, it will be easier for the plant to take root and it will begin to grow faster.

To plant, you need to dig a hole 50 cm deep and 70 cm wide. A layer of pebbles or crushed stone 10 cm thick should be placed at the bottom of the hole. Then mix humus with superphosphate and cover the drainage layer with the resulting mixture.

When planting a seedling, the root collar is placed level with the ground and fertile soil is added to the hole: a mixture of turf soil with sand and humus, taken in a ratio of 1:2:2.

After planting, the young tree is watered abundantly. For 2 years, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers is necessary 3 times per season. It is recommended to use mullein infusion in a proportion of 1 kg. on a bucket of water.

Care.

A year after planting, the linden tree can be cultivated to form a crown. The tree should be trimmed in early spring, before the buds swell, shortening the shoots by 1/3 of their length. During the growing season, the linden tree will have many new shoots, so in the fall it will be possible to trim the crown again.

Feeding.

Fertilize linden 2 times per season: in spring and autumn. For the first feeding, use a solution: 10 liters. take 1 kg of water. mullein, mix well and add 25 g of ammonium nitrate. Urea cannot be added, since when combined with nitrate, nitrogen will quickly evaporate. With autumn watering 10 liters. add 20 g of nitroammophoska to water.

Watering.

Young trees develop well only in moist soil; adult plants can tolerate short-term drought. Watering is required only during dry periods. To find out how much water is required, you need to determine the size of the crown. For 1 m2 of crown projection you will need 2 buckets of water.

Soil care in the tree trunk circle.

During the season, it is necessary to loosen the soil and remove weeds. In the fall, to make it easier for the plant to withstand frost, the soil near the trunk should be mulched. For this purpose, use fallen leaves, wood chips, peat or sawdust. The mulch layer should be at least 12 cm.

Linden propagation.

For propagation, seeds, young shoots, green cuttings, and layering are used. Decorative varieties are propagated by grafting.

Propagation by seeds.

It will take up to 10 years to grow a tree from seeds. Depending on weather conditions, linden blossoms occur in June-July. Flowering lasts 2 weeks. The fragrant flowers dry and in their place fruits appear - small grains. Linden seeds are hidden in them. As a rule, one grain contains from 1 to 2 seeds.

Suitable for sowing are unripe seeds collected immediately after flowering, having a yellowish tint, and fully ripe ones, brown in color. Experts advise sowing immature seeds; they germinate better and faster.

Seeds must undergo stratification for 5 months before planting. They should be placed in a container with damp sand and the soil should be moistened periodically.

After 5-6 months, the seeds are removed and sown on the prepared area. Only the strongest seeds will germinate. After this, the young animals can be planted in a permanent place, cared for and sheltered for the winter.

Reproduction by layering.

A quick way to get a new copy. Reproduction is carried out in early spring, before the buds swell. It is necessary to tilt the lower branch to the ground, pin it and sprinkle it with soil. Within 2 years, roots will appear on the cuttings, and the young plant should be separated from the mother tree and replanted in a prepared place.

Reproduction by young shoots.

Linden is also propagated by root layering. Near the mature trees there are a lot of young shoots. You just need to dig up a young plant and plant it on your site. Young trees should be replanted in the spring, preferably in damp and cool weather. If there is no forest plantation nearby, a young linden seedling can be purchased at specialized nurseries.

Propagation by green cuttings.

Cuttings of small-leaved linden root very poorly. Only 30% of the planting material can take root. Lignified cuttings are not suitable for propagation; you need to choose only green ones. In order for rooting to be successful, it is recommended to treat the cut of the cutting with a root formation stimulator. For rooting, use a mixture of peat with perlite or vermiculite.

Types and varieties.

A small-leaved tree with bare leaves, colored bluish below. There are tufts of red hairs in the corners. Erect inflorescences contain 5-11 flowers. The height of the tree varies from 30 to 120 meters. Grows in Western Siberia and Russia.

Grows in the Caucasus, Poland and Russia. A tree with large pubescent foliage, bluish below. It blooms very early, the inflorescences are drooping, the nuts-fruits have a hard shell with five pronounced ribs.

Due to the special structure of the leaves, it is also called felt. One side of the leaves is slightly pubescent, and the other is covered with a whitish coating, similar to felt fabric. The linden crown has a wide pyramidal shape, the tree grows up to 30 meters in height. Heart-shaped linden is common in the central regions of Russia.

A tall tree reaching 40 m in height. Decorative young shoots, painted purple-brown, form a round, spreading crown. Grows in the Caucasus and Asia.

It reaches a height of up to 20 m, tolerates harsh winters well, and has a decorative appearance. You can often see the multi-stemmed Manchurian linden tree. Grows in Primorye and Amur region.

Linden is one of the most durable and easy-to-care trees that can be used to decorate your own garden or courtyard of a country house. It is easy to care for, it can be planted in any area, and the tree will bloom profusely and delight you with its beautiful and green leaves until late autumn.

Description of the tree

This material will tell you how to properly work with this variety so that it grows quickly on your site and does not die prematurely from pests or diseases. Linden is a strong perennial tree that grows in almost all regions of our country.

It can look like a large shrub (wild varieties) or a large tree over 40 meters in height. It has a large deciduous crown of a round, oval or pyramidal type (other shapes are possible in rare varieties). A linden tree does not necessarily have one trunk; it can branch into two, three or more branches.

Linden grows well both in shady areas of the garden and in sunny places. The tree is not picky about the choice of soil, but grows best on sandstone flavored with humus. Various varieties of linden trees tolerate frost well, are generally very resistant to pests, and even with poor care, they regularly bloom and produce seeds. The tree has a good root system, thanks to which it can survive for a long time without watering or fertilizing.

The linden tree reaches full strength in 20-30 years.

At the same time, it begins to produce the richest flowering, used for medicinal purposes, as well as for the production of honey.

What Aubrieta flowers look like and how they need to be grown can be seen in this article:

• Care Proper care of linden involves the following activities: crown trimming

• . It is carried out once every six months - in the spring before the buds open and in the fall. It should be carried out after the first year of the tree’s life, removing no more than a third of the branches. feeding

• . Held twice a year. In the spring, it involves adding a solution to the soil in the proportions of 1 kg of manure, 25 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. The second time feeding the tree is carried out in the fall, using 20 grams of nitroammophoska per 10 liters of water. The tree does not need any other additional feeding. watering. For young trees, soil moisture at the rate of 20 liters of water per 1 square meter of crown projection is carried out once a week depending on the weather; it should not be carried out after heavy rainfall.

• Loosening the circumferential circle. It is enough to carry out 2-3 times a season. At the same time, weeds are removed.

In addition to the basic care procedures described above, it is recommended to inspect the tree once every week or two for the presence of pests or diseases. This will allow you to identify the problem in time and eliminate it at an early stage, while the tree is not yet seriously damaged.

Video

The process of caring for and growing linden is shown in more detail in the video below.

Preparing for winter

Wintering linden, like other garden trees, also requires special preparation from the gardener. Its correct implementation involves performing the following actions:

1. Before the cold weather, the gardener needs to remove fallen leaves from the tree and burn them, and also inspect the linden branches for the appearance of frost holes. It is recommended to treat detected formations with any antiseptic.
2. During the same period, the surrounding circle is covered with insulation. It is best to use peat or manure. With them, the roots of the tree become thicker.
3. In the first years, it is advisable to wrap the tree crown with dense material. This will protect the branches from frost and snowstorms. When the tree gets older, this measure can be abandoned.
4. In addition, closer to winter it is necessary to fertilize the trees so that they can stock up on the necessary substances for the winter.

With age, the frost resistance of linden increases and it becomes easier to prepare for winter. However, when working with this tree, the gardener always needs to pay special attention to avoid damage to the branches due to frost or improper processing of the plant in the autumn. This way, if you are careless, you can lose a large part of the crown.
All necessary measures to prepare this variety for winter can be carried out in 1-2 days. Activities are recommended to be carried out in late October - early November before the first frost.

Disease and pest control

Linden is a tree susceptible to various diseases, including:

• white rot or tinder fungus, manifested in the curvature of the trunk, poor overgrowth of knots and curling of the bark;
• fungal diseases of various parts of the tree, including seeds, leaves, seedlings;
• infectious drying of wood.

Akktelit helps to cope with such tree diseases. Fitosporin is also used as a preventive measure for trees. The solution, however, should not be overused. One treatment per season is enough to fully protect the tree from such infections.

Remember that linden often becomes infected with infections, including fungal ones, from neighboring trees. Even if there are no signs of infection yet, the plants still need to be treated for preventive purposes.
Tree diseases are often caused by rodents and insects that weaken the tree. Among the most dangerous pests for linden trees are:

• the soldier bug that damages fruits;

Soldier bugWillow scale insectDamage by leaf roller

• mole cricket eating buds and tree leaves.

Medvedka

The tree can also be undermined by yellow-necked mice, shrews and voles. The fight against linden pests comes down to loosening the circle around the trunk, treating it with soapy water, and also spraying the trunk with insecticides selected depending on the type of pest.
A special role in the fight against insects that destroy linden leaves and flowers is the annual pruning of the tree. It allows you to cut off the buds in which insects overwinter. To avoid reinfection of the tree, all cut branches must be burned.

Conclusion

In general, caring for linden trees of various varieties is not particularly difficult for either an experienced or a novice gardener. To ensure this, it is only necessary to timely water, prune and loosen the soil, properly prepare the plant for winter and prevent the spread of pests and diseases of this type of tree. And then the linden tree will decorate your garden plot for several hundred years. Read also our article “for material for greenhouses and greenhouses” Dishwasher (45 cm) Midea MFD45S320W Built-in dishwasher 45 cm Medea Refrigerator with bottom freezer Indesit DS316W