How to pack goods correctly. How to pack things to be sent by a transport company

High-quality cargo packaging and correctly selected protection materials are the best guarantee of the safety and integrity of the transported property. Professional packaging will not only protect the cargo from scratches, chips, abrasions, dirt and other damage during transportation, loading and unloading, but will also prevent the loss of valuable items and protect against unwanted access to them during transportation.

For the purpose of proper safe packaging of goods, the transport and logistics company "EMSK" offers wide choose relevant materials and their professional services in this area. When accepting cargo for transportation, EMSC specialists are not only ready to offer you hard and soft packaging options, but can also independently perform all the necessary actions.

Draw your attention to:

• there are goods that are allowed to be transported in the sender's packaging (for example, items in unopened branded boxes, soft items placed in dense, durable, waterproof bags, etc.);
• Some goods are accepted for transportation only in professional packaging of the appropriate type (these include particularly valuable, fragile items, items with movable, detachable parts, protruding corners, etc.).

Only in case of correct (proper) packaging can the safety and integrity of transported goods be guaranteed.

The EMSC company has the following types of hard and soft packaging materials, the selection of which is carried out in agreement with the sender. In some cases, for optimal protection cargo, combined packaging is used.

Wooden sheathing

Durable wooden sheathing is the most common and frequently used type rigid packaging . He is wooden frame(box) built around the cargo being transported.

Advantages . Due to its strength and individually adjustable dimensions, wooden rigid cargo packaging is ideal for transporting fragile, non-standard and large items. Protects the internal contents of such packaging from contact with other cargo. Allows you to deliver packaged cargo to the addressee.

Peculiarities : materials wood, metal (for fastening planks).

Delivered : given to the recipient along with the cargo.

Pallet frame

Stacked pallet frame - relatively the new kind rigid packaging of goods . It has a wall thickness of 20mm, a hard lid and a metal edging.

Advantages . It is characterized by increased reliability. Suitable for packing and transporting the most delicate and fragile items. Allows you to secure the load tightly, which is especially important if it has separate or moving parts.

Peculiarities : pallet frame (board) can be used for packaging and transportation of goods with a total weight of up to 1000 kg.

Delivered : refers to returnable types of packaging. It is used exclusively during transportation, after which it is not given to the customer (recipient of the cargo), but is removed and left in the company terminal.

Palletizing

Packaging of transported property using pallets - special pallets on which the cargo is placed and securely fastened. Fastenings can be adhesive tape, PP tape, twine, special cables with hooks, etc.

Advantages . Palletizing is not only about good packaging and packaging of goods, but also effective solution, facilitating loading and unloading operations. For example, if the cargo is transported from point to point in several stages. Also, pallets are used for convenient storage in warehouses.

Peculiarities : to place cargo on pallets it is often necessary to use rigging equipment Therefore, this type of packaging requires exclusively professional handling.

Delivered : in most cases, provided to the recipient along with the transported cargo.

Cardboard box

Thick cardboard boxes are soft packaging . They can have different formats and types. In EMSC terminals, as a rule, there is always a wide selection of corrugated cardboard boxes designed for packaging wardrobe items, office items, books, disks and other things.

Advantages . The variety of sizes, dimensions, low container weight, as well as compactness when folded, are undeniable advantages this packaging material.

Peculiarities : relatively small loads, weighing no more than 25-30 kg, can be packed in cardboard boxes. Otherwise, additional compaction of the bottom or the use of special fasteners is required.

Delivered : provided to the addressee along with the transported cargo.

Polypropylene bag

Thick polypropylene bags - type of soft container , designed for the transportation of various soft and/or bulk cargo, both food and non-food types.

Advantages . Polypropylene woven bags are characterized by high strength, abrasion resistance, moisture and water resistance, resistance to chemicals and temperature changes. In addition, they are lightweight and take up minimal space when folded. If necessary, they can be marked.

Delivered : transferred to the customer (recipient) along with the cargo.

Strapping tape

Durable strapping tape is not so much a packaging material as a fastening material. It is made of polypropylene. Durable strapping tape is used to edge each box with cargo, so you can be sure that the packaging is secure and the container will not open during transportation or loading and unloading. This tape is used to reinforce large and particularly heavy loads.

Advantages . Polypropylene (PP) tape is lightweight, easy to handle, able to withstand significant loads, elastic, inexpensive, etc. Produced in different colors.

Air bubble film

Common and widely known bubble film - elastic soft material , which is used for additional fixation, protection and shock absorption of loads inside the main packaging (crate, cardboard box, bag) or independently.

Advantages . Bubble film is lightweight and inexpensive; effectively softens shocks, protects against scratches, exposure to water, etc.

Peculiarities : More often used with tape, strapping tape or other types of packaging.

Packing cost

• if the length of 1 piece exceeds 2 meters - an extra charge of 25%;
• if the length of 1 piece exceeds 3 meters - a surcharge of 50%.

Despite the wide selection of hard and soft materials, it is advisable to entrust cargo packaging to experienced employees transport service. EMSC specialists will take into account all safety requirements, transportation features and your wishes, ensuring reliability and high quality packaging of entrusted cargo. This condition will allow us to fully guarantee the safety and integrity of the transported items.

There are two types of packaging: consumer and cargo (transport). Consumer - one in which goods are displayed in stores and often stored in warehouses. It does not protect the cargo during delivery and only performs marketing functions. Transport packaging, in turn, is used when transporting goods. Her the main task- to prevent damage and loss of cargo, therefore it does not contain any inscriptions or images - except those that mark the type, number, conditions of storage and transportation of cargo.

Packaging types

Packaging is designed to protect the cargo from damage, so when choosing it, the conditions of transportation and the characteristics of the product itself are taken into account. There are:

1. Rigid packaging - made of wood, cardboard, glass: used for transporting breakable, fragile goods (for example, equipment, dishes, etc.);
2. Semi-rigid - made of plastic and others polymer materials(suitable for liquids, more durable loads);
3. Soft - made of paper, film and similar materials (used along with hard packaging, and also used for transporting documents and letters).

Packaging of different types can be combined, depending on what factors threaten the product. For example, if the load needs to be protected from impacts, mechanical damage, and from high humidity, use hard packaging (for example, wood) and soft packaging (film or other waterproof material).

Packaging is also selected according to transportation conditions. In particular, in cars with refrigerators and freezing units, it is better to use a material that does not deform under the influence of high humidity and low temperature.

Packing rules for different types of transportation

Each type of transportation (road, rail, sea, air) has its own requirements for cargo packaging.

When the load is subjected to mechanical stress (on uneven road surface, during sudden stops and rapid acceleration), as well as physical influences (humidity, water, low or heat). Most often, cargo is packaged using rigid materials (wood, cardboard, glass). To prevent it from being damaged inside, a backing or padding is made from soft materials (foam, paper, etc.) inside. In order to prevent damage to the cargo due to moisture or dirt, it is additionally covered with film.

When packaging is selected, focusing on the characteristics of the cargo and the type of container. It is important that the packaging protects not only the cargo itself from dust, dirt, moisture and mechanical damage, but also the railway tracks and container in case of cargo spillage or spillage. Liquid and bulk cargo, if the packaging is damaged, can stain the carriage.

The most important task of packaging is to protect cargo from sea ​​water. Therefore, waterproof materials are used. The packaging should also protect against damage during rolling.

The most stringent requirements are imposed on packaging. In particular, it should not have sharp corners that could damage the aircraft body. The integrity of the packaging plays an important role, since if damaged, liquid or bulk cargo can stain the cargo compartment. The container in which such goods are transported must be designed for high internal pressure, which increases during takeoff. In some cases, air delivery allows cargo to be transported without packaging.

Packaging of various types of cargo

The type of packaging depends, first of all, on the type of cargo itself. Packing and transportation rules are prescribed for individual species cargo In particular:

• must have rigid (wooden, cardboard, glass) packaging. This frame is designed to protect equipment, dishes and other products from mechanical damage. To ensure that the fragile cargo is not damaged by the walls of the package itself and remains intact even if it falls by accident, inner space filled with foam and other materials.
• and in the most durable packaging, which is not usually provided sharp corners. These could be containers different sizes and types. It is important that such cargo does not stain the platform or container in which it is transported.
• Dangerous goods require the utmost care. When using the most durable packaging that corresponds to the type of cargo and hazard class. Dangerous and non-dangerous goods cannot be transported in the same package (and most often in the same van or compartment).
• Cargoes that may deteriorate if wet are additionally packed in film. It is often used without other packaging (for example, when transporting correspondence and documents). Documents and valuable records are transported in sealed envelopes.

There are other rules for transporting goods. It all depends on what exactly needs to be delivered and under what conditions.

General rules for packing goods

The packaging is designed to protect the cargo from:

• mechanical damage;
• water, high humidity;
• dust and dirt;
• loss.

The van, cargo compartment, container packaging, in turn, also protects from damage and contamination. To ensure that the cargo does not get lost and is delivered to the recipient, basic information is placed on the packaging. The marking is also intended to inform workers and inspectors about what exactly is inside, and under what rules the cargo can be transported or carried.

Reliable packaging is the most important factor influencing the safety of cargo. GlavDostavka provides big choice packaging that will protect your cargo during transportation. Packaging differs in type of material and degree of rigidity. Different types packages can be combined with each other to ensure even greater safety of the cargo.

The most popular types of cargo packaging:

• rigid packaging;
• pallet board;
• stretch film.

For non-standard, large-sized, fragile and breakable goods, packaging using the lathing method is used. Full list goods subject to mandatory rigid packaging are indicated in the approved list of goods. At the request of the client, rigid packaging can be made for any other cargo. The sheathing is made from boards and nails according to exact dimensions cargo It limits the access of unauthorized persons to the cargo, protects it from damage or loss, and is also convenient during loading and unloading operations. The cargo is transferred to the client along with non-returnable packaging.

When using rigid packaging, the cargo volume increases by 25% - this is due to an increase in the weight and volume of the cargo space. In addition, when measuring cargo whose dimensions exceed 05x0.5x0.5m3, placed on a pallet for transportation, the length and width of the cargo are taken equal to length and the width of the pallet, and the height of the cargo is measured from the floor to the top point of the cargo (the height includes the height of the pallet) If the length of the cargo is equal to or more than 2.5 m, and the width and/or height is equal to or less than 0.5 m, then the cost of packaging increases by 30 %.

• Service cost 900 rub./m 3
• Min. service cost 550 rub.

Pallet board is a durable wooden container of adjustable height. The packaging includes: wooden Euro pallet, wooden side, pallet lid, fixing strapping tape. During transportation, the cargo is in wooden box, closed on all sides. At your request, you can add a universal seal.

Requirements for cargo dimensions when packing in pallet sides:
Length: up to 1.15 m
Width: up to 0.75 m
Height: 0.1 - 2.0 m
Weight: up to 1,000 kg

If you select the pallet board service, the dimensions of the cargo (LxW) are automatically replaced by the dimensions of the pallet board (1.2x0.8), and 25 cm is added to the actual height of the cargo (13 cm height of the pallet board, 12 cm on high-quality styling cargo).
In the case of sending goods to Kaliningrad and cities where there are no representative offices of Glav Delivery LLC, the additional service “Packing on a pallet board” is not provided.

• Service cost 500 rub./m 3
• Min. service cost 300 rub.

Elastic film helps in packaging cargo of different sizes, protects them from exposure external environment, helps to preserve appearance cargo and facilitates the process of loading and unloading. Stretch film is combined with other packaging materials.

• Service cost 150 rub./m 3
• Min. service cost 100 rub.

Strapping tape

Packaging polypropylene (plastic) tape 2-3 centimeters wide with high strength and elasticity. The tape ensures reliable adhesion of the load to the pallet. Strapping tape is used for stacking, tying, tying and fixing together various cargoes, such as: boxes, metal structures, pipes, profiles, molded, piece products and bale goods.

• Service cost 8 rub./m 3
• Min. service cost 10 rub.

Bag with seal

Loads small sizes Can be packed in a bag with a numbered seal. Sealed bags will ensure the safety of the cargo. The service is suitable for valuable goods with damaged packaging or without their own packaging.

Important: bags with seals are not intended for transporting fragile products!

• Bag 95 x 55 cm 50 RUR/piece
• Bag 120 x 80 cm 100 RUR/piece

Safe package

Safe packages are used for packaging valuable cargo: documents, papers, manuscripts, etc. Safe packages have several degrees of protection against unauthorized access and guarantee complete safety of the contents. Any attempt to penetrate documents is impossible without damaging the package and will be easily detected.

Package size - 275 x 400 x 40 mm.

• Service cost 100 RUR/piece

Cardboard box

Additional protection for your cargo. The box has a hinged lid and handle holes for carrying. Cardboard protects the cargo from excess moisture and damage during transportation. The packaging is suitable for medium-sized cargo. Carton boxes secured with packing adhesive tape. Spacious, durable and Lightweight box- An excellent choice for transporting personal belongings, goods and materials.

Box size - 480 x 325 x 295 mm.

• Service cost 100 RUR/piece

Air bubble film

Soft polyethylene material protects fragile cargo (or parts thereof) from precipitation, mechanical damage, scratches and other deformation during transportation. Air bubbles resist impacts and protect your cargo.

The film can be combined with other types of packaging and is perfect for protecting: household appliances, furniture, glass and glossy surfaces, small objects.

• Service cost 150 rub./m 3
• Min. service cost 100 rub.

Pallet

Pallet is a transport container with a rigid base sufficient to create an enlarged cargo unit. Pallet size according to European standard: 0.8 x 1.2 x 0.15 m.

The very first questions that arise from an international carrier or customs broker are: what are you carrying and what kind of packaging?

The site team has prepared a review dedicated to the features and types of cargo spaces.

What types of packaging of goods in cargo packages are most often used by import suppliers?

Products without packaging

Let's start with the fact that sometimes the goods may arrive without any packaging at all. For example, a printing press: it is placed on the floor in the cargo compartment and secured with shipping straps.

It is enough for you to know the dimensions of the product and its weight in order to be prepared for any loading and unloading operations (hereinafter referred to as LOR) on the way of the cargo to your warehouse.

Stackable packaging

Small boxes or bundles (for example, small household plastic products are packaged this way) are often placed directly on the floor, stacking one package on top of another, stacked as far as the weight will allow, right up to the very ceiling of the cargo area.

It is also important to note that loading and unloading such cargo items is quite difficult, since it requires the involvement of special equipment– a crane or manipulator for bulky goods, or manual actions if these are many small boxes of light weight.

You can use the maximum volume of cargo space, but at the same time overpay for the PRR, for example, in the case of customs inspection with recalculation of cargo items and their control weighing

Packaging on pallets

It is much easier to operate goods placed on wooden pallets(pallets), which are convenient to load with a forklift, and the fixed dimensions of such cargo items allow for optimal calculation of their placement in the cargo space.

The materials for making pallets can be wood, plastic, metal, or a combined option that combines the advantages of these materials.

Types of palletized cargo items

In the cargo transportation market, the following types of palletized cargo items are usually distinguished:

1. Euro pallets (800 x 1200 mm)

As a rule, they are made of wood and are marked with the EPAL brand mark in an oval. dimensions: 0.8 x 1.2 x 0.145 m. They are manufactured in accordance with GOST standards adopted in European countries.

This is the most popular type of cargo package used for transportation from Europe. Up to 33 such units can be loaded into one standard semi-trailer, which is the maximum possible number for palletized cargo.

That is why the Eride service works exclusively with cargo placed on Euro pallets, but an increase in maximum height from 1.45 m to 2.2 m!. This is done in order to evenly distribute the load on the semi-trailer axle when it is fully loaded.

2. Finnish pallets (1000 x 1200 mm)

Most often they are made of wood and are marked with the FIN brand in a rectangle. Overall dimensions of such pallets: 1.0 x 1.2 x 0.145 m. They are manufactured in accordance with GOST standards adopted in European countries.

As the name suggests, this type of cargo space is quite often used for transportation from Scandinavian countries. No more than 26 such units can be loaded into one standard semi-trailer, which is the main disadvantage compared to classic Euro pallets.

The maximum permissible weight of cargo packed on one Finnish pallet is 1100 kg, but this maximum load can only be used when loading into a cargo compartment with a permissible carrying capacity of up to 30,000 kg, for example, into a forty-foot sea container. When planning to download to a separate vehicle This factor must be taken into account.

3. American pallets (1200 x 1200 mm)

This type of cargo packages is manufactured in accordance with the international requirements of the Plant Protection Committee. For their production they are used wood materials thickness no more than 6 mm, they are required heat treatment and pest control to prevent the spread of tree diseases.

Overall dimensions of such pallets: 1.2 x 1.2 x 0.145 m. This type cargo packages were first used in the USA and are still very popular in this country for international freight transport.

Up to 26 such units can be loaded into one standard semi-trailer. The maximum permissible weight of cargo packed on one American pallet is 1200 kg. But this maximum load can only be used when loading into a cargo compartment with a permitted load capacity of up to 32,000 kg, for example, into a railway container. When planning loading into a separate vehicle, this factor must be taken into account.

How are loads secured to pallets?

1. Stack of goods one on top of the other

Loads are secured by stacking goods of identical dimensions on top of each other, whenever possible. In this case, the load is supported by its own weight. An example could be ceramic bricks or bags of cement, which are placed in this way.

2. Tying with fastening straps

Tying pallets with cargo with fastening straps or tapes made of various materials, such as metal, fabric or polymers.

3. Wrapping with polymer film

The cargo area is wrapped in polymer film. Quite often, stretchable stretch or bubble films are used to pack fragile goods.

4. Wooden sheathing

Creation wooden sheathing is the most reliable type of fastener.

Pallet reuse

In conclusion, I would like to mention that any types of the above-mentioned pallets can be reused for the internal needs of your company or can be profitably sold to container resellers if they are in good condition.

There are transport packaging and consumer packaging.

The first ensures the safety of shipments (cargo) during transportation, and the second, which arrives to the consumer with products (including factory ones) does not fulfill the function transport packaging, i.e. cargo protection during transportation.

To ensure the safety of your cargo, Transport Company "KIT" offers you the following types of packaging:

Rigid packaging (Crate)

One of the most popular types of packaging.

To create a rigid frame (box) around your cargo, durable materials: wood and metal.

This type of packaging is suitable for almost any type of cargo. Protects cargo from contact with other cargo. Makes it easier to transport. Delivered to the customer along with the cargo.

Pallet board

The pallet board is used to tightly secure the cargo when different parts of one product are traveling, to eliminate access to the contents during transportation bulk materials and so on. Suitable for almost all types of cargo.

It is a returnable type of packaging, that is, it is not given to the customer along with the cargo, but is used only for transportation.

Individual pallet board

Individual, at the request of the Client and in his presence, can be sealed with a numbered seal indicating its number in the Forwarding Receipt.

Created for:

- Cargoes with side dimensions of no more than 115 cm 75 cm 220 cm (LSHV) and a total weight of up to 1000 kg;

Loads that, due to their characteristics, can damage adjacent loads (engines internal combustion, gearboxes, plastic spare parts, refrigerators, barrels, etc.) as well as cargo that is subject to mandatory additional packaging.

The parameters of cargo when transported in an individual pallet board are determined by the parameters of the finished (assembled) pallet board after packaging this cargo.

Prefabricated pallet board

Created for:

- Cargo subject to mandatory additional packaging;

- Cargoes with a length of one side not exceeding 115 cm and a total weight of up to 1000 kg;

- Any other cargo.

Stretch film

Required when the cargo should not be dirty and dusty, or vice versa, not to stain other cargo, there is access to the cargo enclosure, etc.

Seal

Seal - a seal with an imprint of a brand that is attached to the cargo. The seal is indicated by an individual number. The cargo is packed in a polypropylene bag, which is closed and secured with a seal.

Security pack

Your documents will be reliably protected with the new, high-tech Security pack.

If you need to send confidential documents or valuables, you can use additional service packaging of documents.

Security pack benefits:

Tamper-evident protection

Chemical and thermal exposure indication

Special pocket for accompanying information

Moisture protection

Individual code on each package

100% content safety guarantee!