How to properly make a sewer riser in a private house? Fan pipe in a private house How to make a fan pipe

It is impossible to install ventilation for an independent or centralized wastewater disposal system without installing a special drainage outlet. The element blocks the return flow of gases into the bathrooms, acting as a connecting component between the septic tank and the atmosphere.

The technology for installing the riser is quite simple. But before you start work, you need to understand the principle of operation of the ventilation duct and understand how to properly install the vent pipe in the house. The answers to these questions are described in detail in the article.

The fan pipe is a structural element that connects the pipeline with a specially constructed ventilation duct. Its key purpose is to remove gases and odors from the sewer system.

The presence of a ventilation riser in the system ensures that there are no unpleasant loud sounds in living quarters that occur during the draining of water, and the “fragrance” of sewage sewage (+)

The length and shape of this element can be arbitrary. There are models of vertical and horizontal design, beveled at right or acute angles.

The principle of operation of the vent pipe is simple. Wastewater entering the vertical riser creates a vacuum in the pipeline cavity. It can be partially compensated by water, which acts as a hydraulic damper in the siphons of installed plumbing fixtures.

But if the vertically installed riser has a large length and at some point there is a one-time powerful discharge of waste liquid, then a vacuum arises in the sewer pipe.

The formed piston from the liquid with all its strength and characteristic “smacking” sound at one moment tears off and breaks through the hydraulic dampers of the plumbing, emptying the siphons.

As a result, water is completely sucked out of all water seals. Therefore, there are no obstacles left. Due to this, they quickly spread throughout the building.

This effect also occurs when a fecal pump quickly pumps out the contents of a cesspool or septic tank into the tank of a sewer truck.

The trouble is that the matter is not limited to the appearance of an unpleasant “fragrance” in living rooms. The natural process of decomposition of feces is accompanied by the release of gases harmful to households: methane and hydrogen sulfide.

If the system is equipped with a fan riser, at the moment of “throwing in” there are no such consequences, since the vacuum created in the collector simply does not have time to break through the hydraulic valves in the siphons.

This is prevented by flows of atmospheric air, which, simultaneously with the occurrence of vacuum, are drawn into the system, blocking the penetration of gases into the room when draining and pumping out the septic tank.

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When installing a drain pipe with a cross-section of 110 mm, the check valve is connected using an adapter.

One of the ways to install a check valve in the cavity of a waste pipe and then connect it to the sewer outlets of the system

An important point: all operations for installing a drain pipe should be carried out on dry surfaces. At the stage of fixing the check valve, you should not use silicone sealants or any kind of lubricant.

Typical installation errors

Most often, the situation with the formation of a vacuum in the system occurs when pipes of different diameters are used in its arrangement. For example: the toilet is connected to a pipe D 110 mm, the bathtub is connected to a pipe D 50 mm, and the opening of the cistern is D 70 mm.

Unpleasant stench in bathrooms often appears when plumbing fixtures are equipped with siphons that have insufficient volume. This occurs due to the fact that when the devices are not used regularly, the remaining water in the siphons dries out, removing the hydraulic valve and opening up free access to the spread of “aromas”.

By correctly calculating the dimensions of the drain pipe and installing it in compliance with all installation rules, you can almost completely eliminate the possibility of accumulation and the likelihood of sewer gases entering the house. And then problems with the operation of the sewer system will definitely not arise.

Do you have practical skills in installing a ventilation drain pipe? Share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on the topic - the contact block is located below.

The drain pipe is a component of the sewer system, without which it is impossible to equip a bathroom. It is designed to connect the sewer riser to the atmosphere, preventing the formation of wastewater and the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the bathroom.

A toilet drain pipe installed in the toilet room prevents vacuum from occurring in the sewer system and ensures uninterrupted operation of the water valves. In our material we will understand what kind of fan pipes there are, and also tell you about the rules for their installation.

Fan pipes are classified according to the construction material used in the manufacture of the product.

The classification divides fan pipes into 2 types:

• metal;
• plastic.

The metal (cast iron) version can be installed in a sewer system made of a similar material. Plastic products can be installed in both plastic and cast iron pipelines.

When installing a plastic element, you get a flexible sewer pipe, a monolithic elbow or a compact adapter. Cast iron products are not flexible and do not have a variety of shapes.

What is the vent pipe used for?

According to the building regulations in force today, the process of constructing a sewerage system for a one-story house can be carried out without a drain pipe. This is due to the insignificant amount of one-time drains.

If the building consists of two or more floors or the housing is equipped with several bathrooms, then in order to ensure stable pressure in the sewerage system, a drain pipe is required. This element connects the riser to the atmosphere, maintaining stable atmospheric pressure even in the event of a volumetric release of water from the toilet tank, which provokes a vacuum in the outlet line.

According to accepted building codes, in a one-story building with one bathroom there is a minimum amount of drainage, so installing a drain pipe in the bathroom is not necessary

If there are several toilet rooms in a residential building, then the situation changes radically and a vent pipe installed on the toilet is a vital necessity.

This rule applies in the following cases:

• the house has 2 or more levels, which are equipped with a sewer system and water supply;
• cross-sectional diameter of the sewer riser – 50 mm;
• there is a swimming pool or water equipment inside the building that discharges a significant amount of waste into the sewer system;
• The septic tank is located close to the house, which can cause a rather unpleasant odor.

In the above cases, vacuum without a drain pipe can lead to the rapid emptying of siphons under the toilet or sink, which will ensure direct contact of the “atmosphere” of the septic tank with the microclimate of the room.

Thus, the installation of a fan product in the sewer system ensures stable pressure in the outlet pipeline and preserves the integrity of water drains in siphons under special drain openings that cut off the unpleasant aroma of septic tanks from the home microclimate.

The construction of a sewerage and ventilation system with waste pipes is rational in the following cases:

• when installing a sewer riser in a private house with a diameter of 50 mm;
• if the house has two or more floors, each of which has bathrooms;
• a private house is equipped with plumbing equipment, for example, a swimming pool, generating powerful water flows;
• An autonomous sewage system is located next to the residential building.

Toilets with direct (vertical) outlet to the floor are mounted using special spare parts. The sewerage junction is usually located under the ceilings, and the pipes do not require walls or partitions

Installation of plumbing fixtures with horizontal outlet

Connecting toilet models with direct (horizontal to the floor) outlet is relevant for the conditions in our country. This is due to the fact that the bathroom is tied to a specific wall of the toilet room due to the specific layout of sewer pipes in typical Russian houses.

Since the outlet in these models is directed backwards, it is located at the rear of the product. The outlet pipe is attached to the pipe using a sealing collar.

During installation, special attention should be paid to securing the plumbing equipment to the bathroom floor. The bowl legs of sanitary ware with a horizontal outlet have specially made holes designed to securely fix the toilet to the floor.

The connection of direct outlet plumbing equipment ends with the installation process, during which screws and dowels are used. Fastening must be done carefully, since if the screw is pulled too hard, the integrity of the sanitary ware surface can be damaged.

Installation of plumbing equipment with oblique outlet

The process of installing and connecting plumbing equipment with an oblique outlet is carried out in stages:

1. Before connecting the plumbing to the sewer system, the outlet of the device with the grooves located inside should be lubricated with a mixture of red lead and drying oil (or sealant).
2. A resin strand must be carefully wound on top. The tip of the 0.5 cm long shoot should remain free, since the ends of the strand can get into the hole and cause a blockage.
3. The wrapped resin strand is lubricated with red lead.

Then the toilet is installed, during which the outlet branch is fixed in the socket of the sewer pipe.

An important component of the sewage system in a country house is the drain pipe. Essentially, this is an exhaust ventilation pipe built into the sewer riser and discharged through the roof, thereby connecting the riser with the atmosphere (outside air). The vent pipe has several functions. Firstly, it prevents the rarefaction of gas formations in the riser after wastewater passes through it. Vacuum is the reason why water leaves sinks or toilets with a characteristic squelching sound.

Why do you need a vent pipe?

The use of a vent pipe avoids this problem.

Secondly, such a pipe removes unpleasant odors from sewage discharged into the atmosphere from the riser, preventing indoor air pollution. It must be said that, as a rule, a water seal is provided in the wastewater receiver from a plumbing fixture (more rarely, a dry seal).

This is a curved pipe filled with water: when draining occurs, some of the water remains in the lower bend of the pipe, blocking the access of air from the sewer to the room. In other words, the water seal serves as a barrier to unpleasant odors. However, if the plumbing fixture is not used for a long time, the water from the seal gradually evaporates, and then odors can easily penetrate into the room.

But when the sewerage system is equipped with a drain pipe, this will not happen even if the water seals are dry. In addition, water seals can break at moments of maximum water removal. The fan pipe prevents such breakdowns.

What is a fan pipe and what is it made of?

Fan pipes are elements of the sewerage system, and therefore, like other sewer pipes and fittings (tees, corner bends, etc.), they are most often made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

However, multilayer polypropylene (PP) pipes are available on the market, which provide a higher level of sound insulation. The propagation of airborne noise by them is reduced due to the use of material with noise-absorbing additives for their manufacture, increasing the mass of the pipe walls, as well as optimizing the design of corner bends.

Diameter and dimensions of drain pipes for a private home

As a rule, faucet pipes have a diameter of 100 mm, which is determined by the diameter of the sewer pipes supplied to toilets and bidets - 100 mm (which, in turn, is dictated by the hundred-millimeter diameter of the sockets of these plumbing fixtures).

However, in some cases, fan pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are sufficient. Their number and diameter are determined on the basis of engineering calculations, taking into account, first of all, the number of devices connected to the sewer riser.

Most often, one drain pipe is capable of serving two or three bathrooms (with a washbasin, shower and toilet) connected to one riser.

In this case, the maximum load on it will be at the moment when several toilets are flushed simultaneously. In cottages with a large area (usually over 400 m2), bathrooms are often located at different ends of the building.

Then several sewer risers are provided, supplementing each with a drain pipe (moreover, do not forget that all pipes are discharged through the roof).

Installation of a drain pipe

Fan pipes are installed during the installation of the sewerage system. The pipeline can consist of both vertical and horizontal sections. Moreover, it is advisable to make turns at an angle of 45″. The pipes are connected into a socket mechanically.

Each connecting point is equipped with a rubber seal to ensure the tightness of the riser. The pipes are secured to the walls with clamps with vibration-isolating gaskets; their standard spacing is 70 cm.

In the case of stone houses, pipes are passed through reinforced concrete floors using sleeves (cases) made of rigid non-combustible material (usually from sections of steel pipes). As a rule, sleeves are laid when constructing floors.

The sleeve protects the pipe from damage due to settlement of the building or thermal deformation of the pipe itself.

And therefore, the inner diameter of the sleeve must be greater than the outer diameter of the pipe (for example, a 100-millimeter pipe has a socket diameter of 110 mm, which means the diameter of the sleeve for it should be 120 mm).

The gap between the sleeve and the pipe is usually sealed with a soft, waterproof material that allows some movement of the pipe along the longitudinal axis. For example, oiled or bitumen-impregnated rope, silicone sealant, polyurethane foam, etc.

The pipe exit through the roof is carried out in different ways. This can be done using a specialized roofing passage element (universal or designed for a specific roofing material).

Often a chimney is provided, inside which there are a vent pipe and exhaust pipes from the bathrooms or kitchen.

It is unacceptable to combine a fan pipe and a supply ventilation pipe in one channel. In addition, the vent pipe must be located at least 50 cm from the attic window to prevent unpleasant odors from entering the living space when the window is open for ventilation.

When it is not possible to install a drain pipe, it can be replaced with a special ventilation (air) valve (usually 15-20 cm high) mounted in the upper part of the sewer riser.

Installation of a drain pipe in a private house - photo

Installation of a drain pipe:
1. Fan pipe. 2. Sewer pipes. 3. Septic tank

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The autonomous sewage system of private houses is a rather complex structure that must meet all established standards. Otherwise, it will not work effectively or you will have to carry out frequent restoration work. An example would be a situation where a vacuum is created in a pipe. Let's take a closer look at the features of installing a sewage system in a private house.

1. When draining wastewater through a vertical pipe, a rarefaction process occurs, which can be partially compensated by the remaining wastewater in the siphons. In such cases, problems with the operation of the sewer system do not arise.
2. With a one-time burst release, a sewer vacuum is created. This problem is quite widespread if a fan riser is not installed.
3. Fan sewage eliminates the possibility of a vacuum, in which the smell and the drains themselves can flow back into the room.
4. If there is an outlet into the atmosphere, the resulting vapors and gases naturally flow upward. As a result, vapors and gases do not enter the outlet pipes located at an angle, that is, the problem is solved.

It is worth considering the fact that building codes determine that there is no need to install a background riser due to a small one-time release of wastewater. A vacuum occurs when wastewater fills the entire cross-section over a sufficiently long period, which is only possible when choosing a pipe of small diameter or with a large one-time discharge back from several sources.

In general, we can say that the system under consideration is technically simple. The pipe, represented by a riser, also performs a drainage function. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for creating this system.

Fan pipe design

First, let's pay attention to the cases in which it is necessary to create a sewer system:

1. In the case where a riser or a large section of a sewer pipe has a diameter of less than 0.5 cm. Even for a house that has only a few sources of wastewater, such a cross-section is quite small.
2. When using an autonomous closed sewage system, for example, a septic tank, into which oxygen is not pumped. If wastewater is discharged into semi-open wells, then the vacuum in the system occurs partially. Septic tanks are built in such a way that they are completely isolated from the outside world. This way, the possibility of an unpleasant odor spreading throughout the area is eliminated.
3. In the event of a high probability of a salvo release of a huge amount of water. If the house has several bathrooms and showers, swimming pools, artificial reservoirs, as well as a large number of equipment that uses water in their work, then a fan drainage of vapors and gases should be provided, since the volley discharge will be significant.

When designing a vent pipe, the following points are taken into account:

1. The diameter of the drain pipe and the sewer riser must match exactly. Only in this case can effective discharge of the sewer system be ensured to eliminate the possibility of vacuum formation.
2. The location of the exhaust pipe relative to windows and balconies should also be taken into account, since unpleasant air will enter the room.
3. The fan pipe must be positioned strictly vertically, otherwise its efficiency decreases significantly. Therefore, when creating a project, you should take this point into account.
4. If the house has an attic floor, it is necessary to provide for the location of the discharge pipe near the walls and other communication elements. That is why, when constructing a private house, its design is created with a background sewer system.
5. All information is applied to the design drawings of the structure, which avoids problems.

When choosing a pipe type, you should pay attention to the following points:

1. To solve this problem, a PVC version is also suitable. Such pipes have a lot of advantages, among which we note their low cost and weight. Lightweight ones are easier to secure and require no maintenance. Modern autonomous sewer systems are often created using PVC versions.
2. Cast iron pipes, which have recently enjoyed little popularity, can also be installed. There are quite a few disadvantages: high cost, heavy weight, difficulties during installation work, and so on.
3. Until recently, ceramic pipes were used to create sewage systems, but today they are extremely rare. The reasons are high cost and fragility.

The above information determines that it is quite important to create the project in a timely manner and implement it.

Requirements for the fan riser

When considering the requirements for a fan riser, you should understand the operating principle of the system. A bad smell may come from pipes or an installed septic tank. The resulting vapors have a specific gravity less than atmospheric, as a result of which they rise upward through the system.

There are not many requirements for the fan riser:

1. He must be straightforward. Vapors rise naturally. This moment determines insufficient traction. Therefore, only straight sections of the system should be installed.
2. When creating a riser, a pipe of the same diameter must be used. Otherwise, the thrust generated will not be enough. You should not use different adapters, as this significantly reduces traction.
3. When positioning the riser, you should take into account the fact that an unpleasant odor will come out of the pipe and be carried by the wind throughout the area. It will be almost impossible to avoid this, so the location of other living spaces should be taken into account.

Requirements depend on the complexity of the system and many other factors.

Alternative to a drain pipe

It is possible to solve the problem under consideration associated with the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the house from the sewer system by installing:

1. Non-return sewer valve. Such a design can prevent wastewater from flowing in the opposite direction. The locking mechanism can also be used to eliminate the possibility of bad odors entering the room.
2. Gates located in siphons. This mechanism is installed in the areas where the pipes exit to the riser. They are represented by various valves that can be closed manually.

However, the system under consideration does not have high efficiency in the case of a volley release of sewage when a vacuum is created.

Installation of a drain pipe and connection to the roof

The above information indicates that a vent pipe may be needed quite often. You can install it yourself if you have available materials.

1. First you need to deal with the existing sewer system. The first step is to replace old pipes, which are best replaced with plastic ones. Cast iron products are becoming less and less popular over time, since they are not practical to use, the surface has a high roughness, which causes the formation of severe blockages. Dismantling work can be carried out quite quickly and simply: the pipeline is disconnected from the riser, after which disassembly is carried out in stages. Significant problems can arise with old cast iron pipes.
2. It is recommended to install vent pipes from the lowest point of rigidity. As a rule, it is located in the main riser. If the work is carried out in a country house, then it is recommended to start installation from the starting point of the foundation. The work involves creating holes in supporting structures, after which a pipe is installed and temporarily secured with clamps. After installing all the plumbing, a drain outlet is connected to the source of waste, for example, to the toilet.
3. If difficulties arise when creating a flexible sewer pipe when the pipes do not fit into each other, you can use soap or silicone. These substances lubricate the sealing rings. Do not apply heavy loads, as PVC pipes and O-rings may be damaged.
4. When installing a drain pipe, it is recommended to use exclusively metal clamps. This type of fastening is the most reliable. The studs on a standard clamp, which is made of metal, have a screw structure. This moment allows you to precisely adjust the characteristics of the connection.
5. Installation work must also include insulation of the structure. Particular attention is paid to the area of ​​contact between the pipe and other elements of the structure. Of course, PVC does not react to environmental influences, but care should still be taken to protect the sewerage elements. Despite the many advantages of PVC pipes, there is also a significant drawback, which is poor insulating qualities. Due to the small thickness of the walls, the sound of falling wastewater can spread throughout the room. This problem can be avoided by insulating wastewater or vapor outlets with foam. You can also use mineral wool in the form of rolls.

If repair work is necessary, we will pay attention to the following points:

1. As previously noted, the fan pipe must have a diameter equal to the diameter of the riser or have a larger one.
2. The end of the outlet must not be bent or narrowed. However, you can install special caps that will eliminate the possibility of rainwater and snow getting into the system.
3. It is recommended to lay most of the pipe in a warm area, and only the ends in a cold area. In order to create additional thrust, the required pressure drop is created due to a sharp change in temperature. In any case, part of the pipe will be located in the cold part of the room.
4. The number of risers in the house also determines the number of fan pipes. Therefore, when designing an autonomous sewage system, you should avoid significantly increasing the number of risers in the room.

At the design stage, you should pay quite a lot of attention to the fan pipes and their locations. Often the design of the house is related to how many exits there will be, since they will be located on the roof or attic floor.

In conclusion, we note that when installing a fan riser, elements of an existing system should be replaced. This is due to the partial completion of installation work.

Before we talk about vent pipes, you need to find out whether a vent pipe is needed in a private home. The purpose of the drain pipes is simple to explain - they are needed to connect the sewage system to the atmosphere, thereby ensuring ventilation of the system. In addition, the drain pipe equalizes the pressure in the sewerage pipeline, so the resulting vacuum does not lead to emptying of the siphons.

The need to install waste pipes directly depends on the volume of simultaneous discharge into the sewer - if it is large enough, then a pipe is definitely needed. However, this point will be discussed further. In this article we will talk about why a drain pipe is needed in the sewer system of a private house.

Functions of the drain pipe

There is always air present in any sewer pipeline, but when drained, it begins to escape into the atmosphere and draws water from the water seals. The absence of a water seal always causes the characteristic sewer smell to enter the room.

A drain pipe in a private house simultaneously serves three purposes:

• Removing gas from sewer system pipes;
• Maintaining the required pressure in the pipes, which allows you to simultaneously drain a large amount of waste without the risk of releasing an unpleasant odor into the house;
• Forms the necessary vacuum in the sewer system.

It is mandatory to install a drain pipe if the following conditions are met:

• The diameter of the sewer riser is less than 50 mm;
• Each floor has a separate bathroom connected to a single sewer system;
• Water from the connected pool is drained into the sewer;
• There is an autonomous sewage system (for example, a septic tank) right next to the building.

Installation of sewerage pipes

When installing a vent pipe in a private house, you need to ensure that the following rules are followed:

• The diameter of the fan pipe must always match the dimensions of the riser;
• The drain pipe and ventilation from the sewer pipes are led to the roof so that it is located at the maximum distance from windows and balconies;
• It is best to place the fan pipe at a distance of 30-50 cm from the ridge - as practice shows, this height is enough for normal removal of air from the system;
• Fan pipes are installed to compensate for one-time drains, so their value must be known exactly before putting the system into operation;
• For the bathroom, a 110 mm riser is used, so the pipe diameter cannot be less than 110 mm;
• For bathroom drainage, 50mm pipes are usually used, and the drainage pipe must have the same capacity.

Rules for installing vent pipes

When installing a system with a drain pipe connection, the following rules must be observed:

• When selecting material for a drain pipe, you need to ensure that the diameter of the selected pipes matches the diameter of the riser;
• The upper edge of the vent pipe should be at the point where the released air will most quickly mix with the atmosphere (for example, an attic is not suitable for this);
• The first segments of the sewer system must be located in the heated part of the room;
• The last section of the pipeline is installed where there is no heating - the movement of polluted air masses is ensured by temperature changes and pressure changes.

There is one more point that is worth considering separately, since it is not directly related to drainage pipes, but directly relates to the operation of the sewerage system. When installing various plumbing fixtures, the following situation arises - the volume of siphons does not correspond to the characteristics of the plumbing fixtures.

All this leads to a simple result: in small siphons the water dries out too quickly, and nothing prevents the smell from entering the room, and draining from large siphons is impractical, and drain pipes are quite likely simply not able to compensate for it.

Exiting ventilation pipes to the roof

The sewer system is used to transport wastewater outside the building. In order for the sewer system to function fully, it must be equipped with ventilation - and for this, risers with vent pipes are installed. An important point: drain pipes for external sewage systems cannot be equipped with various exhaust devices, such as deflectors or weather vanes.

If there are several risers in the building, it will be much easier to combine them into one system and remove them through one ventilation duct ending in a drain pipe. The design provides for the sequential installation of an oblique tee, a 45-degree elbow, another elbow and a straight tee. Well, then the ventilation pipe is brought to the roof, where it belongs.

There are several simple rules for installing a vent pipe on the roof:

1. The drain pipe is installed about half a meter above the roof ridge - but this is only relevant for unused roofs. On a roof where there is a summer terrace or garden, the fan pipe will have to be raised three meters above the roof level.
2. A sewer system that includes more than one riser is usually connected through a single ventilation pipe.
3. When calculating the location for the exhaust pipe to the atmosphere, you need to select it in such a way that the distance from the nearest windows is at least 4 m.
4. It is highly undesirable to route the fan pipeline under the eaves of the roof - the structure is very likely to be damaged by precipitation. Read also: "".

Installation of a check valve in a private house

In order for the fan pipeline to function efficiently, it must be additionally equipped with a check valve, which allows you to solve a number of problems:

• Compensation for errors made during sewer installation in determining the slope of the pipeline, due to which wastewater discharged into the system can return to plumbing fixtures;
• Preventing various foreign objects, rodents and other living creatures from entering the sewer pipeline.

The operation of the check valve comes down to the following points:

• Wastewater discharged from plumbing fixtures easily enters the system through the automatically opening valve cover;
• The rest of the time, when wastewater is not discharged into the system, the valve is closed;
• An increase in pressure in the pipeline or its clogging will not cause wastewater to enter the room - the valve does not open in the opposite direction.

The check valve can be mounted on the external or internal part of the sewer system. Before installing the valve in the system, you must first clean and degrease the pipes so that the element fits well into place.

When the preparation is completed, the valve with the desired side is launched into the system, and its petals are bent towards the plumbing fixtures. When preparing pipes for valve installation, you cannot use various types of lubricants - the structure must be dried at the time of installation.

Conclusion

A sewer pipe in a private house allows you to solve a number of problems associated with the operation of the sewer system. Installing a drain pipe and a check valve is not particularly difficult, and if the sewer system was installed with your own hands, then you can install these elements yourself.