How to correctly calculate trusses for canopies: drawing and assembly rules. Metal canopy: design, materials, manufacturing instructions Do-it-yourself metal canopy drawings

Sheds on metal supports and with a roof made of corrugated sheets are perhaps the most reliable and practical. Their application is so widespread that they are found not only in summer cottages both in private homes, but also mainly in industry. Such canopies have special characteristics and have clear advantages. We will talk about this in the article, and also tell you how to assemble a metal canopy with your own hands.

Characteristics of a metal canopy

Metal canopies include canopies whose supports and frame are made of metal, while the roof can be made of any roofing material. And here is the canopy with metal roofing, but wooden supports should not be called metal.

Different metals are used to make the canopy structure:

• iron;
• aluminum;
• stainless steel.

Profiles, corners, pipes are made from these metals different sizes And different diameters made from iron forged elements. Stainless steel supports are considered the most expensive. They don't need to be processed with anything. appearance goes well with glass, polycarbonate, fabric, they are not subject to corrosion and are durable. At the same time, making a stainless steel canopy with your own hands is not easy, almost impossible, if you do not know how to work with special welding.

They will also be expensive. Therefore, most often an iron profile is used for the construction of canopies; it is not so expensive, lightweight and easy to install. A corner is suitable for the connecting elements of the canopy structure. Both bolts and welding are used as fasteners.

Structures made from aluminum parts are very easy to assemble with your own hands. Usually these are awnings Not large sizes, collapsible type.

Round pipes are used less frequently as they are more difficult to join and create right angles. In this case, only welding will do. The profile pipe can have different shapes, metal thickness and dimensions. The picture shows the variety of profile pipes.

List of advantages and disadvantages

Metal frames of canopies are most often covered with polycarbonate sheets. This design has its advantages.

• Firstly, when correct installation and compliance with technology, the canopy will last for more than a dozen years.
• Secondly, such a structure is economically profitable, since a one-time investment will pay off over decades of operation.
• Thirdly, metal canopies are resistant to temperature changes and are not afraid of physical exercise, chemical exposure.
  

  Important! If a metal canopy is erected over a barbecue or barbecue, then the metal parts near the fire will quickly heat up, remember this.

• Fourthly, metal allows you to make beautiful forged canopies that emphasize the majesty of the building.

The disadvantage of a metal canopy is that it is susceptible to corrosion and can rust, so it must be treated with anti-corrosion impregnations and paint. Unless, of course, it’s a canopy made of stainless steel tubes.

Types of canopies: by purpose, design, shape

Sheds come in a wide variety of shapes, purpose, and metal structure. If we talk about the purpose of the canopy and the purposes of its construction, then there are a lot of things that can be listed, let’s name the most common ones:

• carport for one or more cars;
• canopy over the pool;
• canopies for sheltering people at bus stops;

• canopies over the porch or gate;
• canopy over barbecue;
• canopy over woodpile;

• canopy over the swing;
• canopy over the gazebo;
• industrial sheds (hangars, granaries, warehouses, etc.)

Based on the complexity and size of the metal structure, all canopies can be divided into three groups:

1. Small canopies, which include canopies, barbecues with a roof, portable gazebos, canopies over swings, etc.
2. Free-standing sheds that act as independent buildings.
3. Combined or adjacent canopies - a canopy near a house or bathhouse, an extension to a garage, terraces, outbuildings.

For your information! The listed types of canopies can be open or closed, that is, sheathed on several sides with any material (wood, fabric, corrugated lattice, etc.)

For the roofing of metal structures, the following are used: polycarbonate, corrugated sheets, metal tiles, awning fabrics. The choice of material will depend on the purpose of the canopy, its shape and size. Awning fabrics, for example, are most often used for canopies from the sun and rain, equipping recreation areas. Sheds made of metal tiles often become an extension of the roof of a house or garage and look like a single composition. A canopy made of metal tiles is a durable structure that is not afraid of any weather conditions.

Nuances of drawing development and design calculations

When developing a drawing, you need to accurately determine the type of canopy and its purpose. Creating a drawing of a simple metal structure is not that difficult. First you need to make a sketch future design, on which indicate measurements of the area allocated for the canopy. Then calculate the load on the canopy, according to which you can select the required section of the corrugated pipe. Based on the calculations and sketch, create a drawing in which you indicate the amount of material and fasteners required.

Note that the drawing must contain both a solid structure and its individual elements, namely supports and trusses or metal strapping with a purlin. The supports of the metal structure must be located at a distance of 2-3 meters from each other. For a canopy erected next to the wall of a house, garage or bathhouse, you need to make supports not only on one side, but next to the wall. Otherwise, you will have to attach the cross beam along the wall of the house with your own hands, which must be reliable and durable. For fastening you need to use anchor bolts.

The canopy frame, as well as the supports, is subject to heavy loads from snow and wind, so the calculation of the truss structure must be carried out carefully. It is also necessary to take into account the slope of the roof and the size of the entire metal structure. For most domestic sheds, you can use ready-made truss drawings, for example, as in the figure below.

In order for a metal canopy to be reliable and safe for human life, one must not forget about the norms and standards when working with this material.

• A profile that has defects and cracks cannot be used for construction.
• The cut of the support rib must be rough and have a coefficient of 12.5 microns.
• When welding metal parts of the canopy, you need to use carbon sulfur or carbon with argon, as well as PP-AN-8 wire.
• Bolts when fastening supports and rafters must be class 5.8.

Note! The listed requirements are taken from the state standards for construction; do not be lazy to study them when erecting sheds from metal tiles.

Preparing materials and tools

Let's look at the stages of building a metal canopy with our own hands using an example. gable construction with a polycarbonate roof, size 6x3m. Its device is one of the simplest.

To make such a canopy, you will need following materials and details:

• professional pipe measuring 80x80 mm with a section thickness of 3 mm and a length of 3.5 m - 6 pieces;
• corrugated pipes for a purlin measuring 50x25 mm with a section thickness of 2 mm and a length of 6 m - 7 pieces and 2 pieces measuring 50x40 mm and a length of 6 m;
• ready-made gable trusses with a slope angle of 20 0 and a length of 3.5 m - 5 pieces;
• sheets of cellular polycarbonate measuring 2.1x6 m - 4 pieces.
• hardware for fastening polycarbonate;
• straight joint profile - 10 pieces of 2 m each and 3 corner pieces of 2 m each;
• end polycarbonate profile– 21 m;
• crushed stone and concrete mixture.

You can’t do without a tool, such as a hole drill, a screwdriver, a welding machine, a drill, measuring tool, building level, marker, grinder with a special attachment for cutting polycarbonate sheets.

We pour the foundation and build the frame

The construction of a canopy begins with clearing the area for it. The selected area is cleared of debris and topsoil. Wooden stakes are dug along the perimeter of a 6x3 meter plot, with a rope stretched between them to level the boundaries of the site. Once it is ready, we proceed to laying the foundation. To do this, you need to dig 6 holes to a depth of soil freezing, approximately 1-1.2 m. The pits are dug in two rows of 3 pits, the distance between all pits is 3 m.

Important! For swampy areas, use the pile method of installing supports rather than concreting.

A layer of crushed stone and sand of about 10 cm is compacted at the bottom of the pit. Then a layer of concrete is poured, this is another 10 cm, and a corrugated pipe 80x80 mm is installed. After the pipe is level, you can fill it with concrete to the ground and put supports so that it does not tilt. The supports are not removed until the concrete gains strength, this is about a week.

The next stage is welding the stiffening ribs of the metal structure. To do this, a 50x40 mm corrugated pipe is laid on three supports and connected by welding. You need at least two people to work, since it is very difficult to lift heavy elements alone. Next, trusses are welded to the stiffeners, the distance between which will be 1.5 m.

After this, a purlin is welded to the tops of the trusses. Parallel to the welded purlin, the remaining 50x25 mm corrugated pipes are welded with a distance of 60-62 cm between them, on both sides of the roof. At this point, the collection of metal structures will be completed.

Don’t forget that all metal pipes need to be cleaned sandpaper, prime with anti-corrosion mixture, and then paint.

We install the roof with our own hands

The canopy construction process is completed by polycarbonate fasteners. First, each polycarbonate sheet is cut into 3 parts 2 m long. An allowance of 10-15 cm should be left along the edge of the roof. The sheet is screwed to the metal structure using hardware (a self-tapping screw with a rubber seal and a washer). A hole is pre-drilled with a diameter larger than the self-tapping screw by 2 mm. The self-tapping screw is screwed in strictly perpendicularly, tightly, but not excessively, so as not to damage the material.

Polycarbonate sheets are fastened together with a special profile. This connection is tight and reliable. The polycarbonate joint at the top of the truss must be made using an angle profile. Thus, 6 sheets of polycarbonate will be fixed on each side of the canopy. The ends of the polycarbonate are covered with an end profile, which will prevent the ingress of water and dust.

This completes the construction of a gable metal canopy with your own hands. A novice master can do this kind of work. The main thing is to follow the instructions and technical requirements. Good luck!

Metal sheds are reliable, functional outbuildings, durable, practical, but visually light, fit harmoniously into the landscape of the site, and do not clutter up the natural landscape. In the article we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of metal structures, what is best to build from, and offer examples. simple projects, we’ll show you how to correctly calculate the dimensions of the building, as well as its individual elements.

Let's give a detailed step by step instructions how to do lean-to canopy from a metal profile with your own hands, the example drawings were chosen with average sizes; if necessary, they can be adjusted to individual conditions.

General characteristics of metal canopies

Metal canopies, a photo diagram of the standard design is given below, can be made with your own hands, even if you are far from building. The structure of the building is simple - these are vertical supports-pillars, a truss truss is attached to them, then the sheathing is installed, then the roof.

Canopies made of metal profiles, in the photo general form standard design

Application area

Metal canopies are widely popular in private individual as well as commercial construction. These are covered parking lots for cars, stops - shelter for people waiting public transport, structures above the entrance to the building, according to regulatory regulations their presence is mandatory in houses above 2 floors, canopies over the gate, galleries leading from the gate to the house, outbuildings - shelters for firewood, other utensils, gazebos - from mini structures to sometimes combined buildings two-story.

Project of a free-standing metal canopy made from a profile

Constructive

Metal canopies can be divided into three types:

• Mini designs - canopies, mobile gazebos, single product - barbecue with a roof.
• Independent free-standing metal buildings.
• Combined - extensions to a garage, house, bathhouse, etc., most often a veranda, terrace - a place to relax, or a shed for utility purposes.

Drawing of a cantilever-beam attached metal canopy for a house

The design of a canopy made of metal structures is made based on the functionality of the building, these can be:

• open buildings consisting of supports and a roof;
• closed buildings, where the sides are covered with sheet material, panels, wood, gratings, glazed, covered with thick curtains, awnings, fabric with a special moisture-resistant impregnation, tarpaulin, soft glazing.

Metal profile canopy and soft tiles for firewood

Large metal structure combined with brickwork

Open metal canopies, thanks to light weight structures, often installed on the roof of a garage, summer kitchen, gazebos. This decision is a great opportunity to organize comfort zone rest with a great view, if there is no space on the site for an independent building.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal canopies

Making a canopy with your own hands from metal is profitable, practical solution, subject to construction technology and proper care, the building will serve faithfully for several decades.

Metal structures are not afraid of temperature deltas and are resistant to natural physico-chemical, biological, and mechanical loads. But the metal quickly heats up and cools down, this should be taken into account when building recreational canopies over the barbecue, so it is better to provide protective elements, for example, make railings in the gazebo, as well as wooden seats.

The main enemy of metal canopies is rust, which can cause significant harm, even destroy the structure in a short period of time. Treatment and protection will help avoid fatal consequences metal elements canopy

Drawing of a metal canopy over the porch

Materials

Metal canopies are divided according to materials of manufacture:

It is more practical and economical to build a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands. Over time, it can be covered with curtains, glazed, covered with brick, stone, decorated with forging, wooden lattice.

Drawing of a standard cantilever metal canopy over the entrance door

The technical side of the issue - projects, diagrams, drawings, calculations

Analyzing any drawing of a canopy made of a profile pipe, the structure can be represented in two parts: a metal frame and a roof. The base is made of vertical pillars round pipe or a square profile, along the upper ends of which there is a metal band or a lower chord of the truss. This gives the metal structure rigidity and helps maintain its geometry even under significant loads.

Supports

It is recommended to place the pillars at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. If the building is adjacent to a house, garage, bathhouse, etc., then it is advisable to also place support columns near the main building that will support the canopy. If this is not possible, in order to attach the canopy to a house made of metal profiles, you should attach a transverse beam to the load-bearing wall with your own hands, which will serve as a support for the truss. Long anchors are used in the work. The solution will help distribute the loads evenly across the entire load-bearing wall.

Farms

The canopy rafter system bears the main load from precipitation and gusts of wind, so it is important to make the correct calculation of the trusses and determine the thickness of the profile for its manufacture. Sheds made of metal profiles, photo examples below, are installed under a single-, gable- or arched roof.

What canopies you can make from a profile pipe with your own hands, photo examples of different types of roofs

Farms are:

• Triangular, polygonal, parallel, broken - determined by the contour of the belt.
• Inside the belt there can be lattices - triangular, rhombic, oblique and semi-oblique.
• According to the method of support - cantilever, beam, arched, beam-cantilever.

Typical arch trusses for metal canopies

To correctly calculate a truss made from a profile pipe for a canopy, it is necessary to take into account snow, wind loads, roof inclination angle, structure size. Experts will help you avoid errors in fairly complex engineering calculations, or you should use an online calculator.

For the manufacture of small or medium-sized metal canopies, in private it is better to use ready-made drawings and projects, to make universal trusses that are suitable for all types of structures.

Standard trusses for sheds

The optimal roof slope is 15-25 o, suitable for all types of roofing materials: polycarbonate, corrugated sheets, soft roof, metal tiles, etc.

Requirements for materials and fastening

In order for a canopy frame made from a profile pipe to meet quality standards, a number of conditions must be met:

• It is unacceptable to use a profile with cracks for the manufacture of assemblies, load-bearing elements canopy
• The end of the supporting ribs must have a roughness of Ra £ 12.5 microns, which is regulated by GOST 2789-73.
• For lower belt trusses, steel without internal layers is used; coarse slag inclusions are strictly prohibited.
• According to GOST section 14771-76, connections should be made by mechanical welding, using carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon and argon.
• Guided by clauses 2246-70 and 26271-84 of GOST, PP-AN-8 wire is required for welding.
• GOST part 7798-70 states: rafters are attached to vertical supports and rafter parts with bolts of class 5.8.

Diagram with dimensions according to which you can build a standard carport with your own hands from metal

How to make a metal canopy with your own hands - step-by-step instructions

We will make a canopy from metal profiles with our own hands, we took standard drawings, adapted them to the size of the site, the dimensions of the building are 4 * 3 m, the roof is made of polycarbonate 8 mm thick.

Standard scheme according to which we will build a canopy from a metal profile with our own hands, photo standard design with arched roof

Foundation

We fence the area with pegs, pull the rope, mark the location of the pillars, check the geometry, the diagonals must be equal. We remove the top soft layer of soil, dig holes for supports, 700 mm deep.

We fill the bottom with crushed stone and sandstone, layers of 100 ml each, and tamp the pillow. The area can be paved paving slabs or fill it with concrete. For concreting the site, a reinforcing frame is made from corrugated rods, a cell of 100 * 100, 200 * 200 mm, placed on a cushion so that the reinforcement does not touch the bottom by 50 mm, pebbles or ready-made stands should be placed. A sheathing is installed around the perimeter, a 100 mm thick slab is poured with concrete at once, without interruptions. The reinforcement must be immersed on all sides in the solution by 50 mm.

How to concrete a metal pole

We pour concrete at the bottom of the pits, a layer of 100 mm, insert columns from a profile pipe, check the verticals, and fill the solution to ground level. If necessary, we place selections before the concrete has completely hardened in order to maintain the geometry of the canopy frame.

After a week, when the solution gains strength, we cut the pillars to size. We weld the trim along the top ends, this will hold the building together and give it rigidity.

How to weld a truss for a canopy

It is better to make a truss on the ground, then lift it onto a frame. To bend the profile, you can use a special machine or make a rigid template with your own hands, according to which the truss parts will bend. Large stores provide a service for bending metal profiles to standard radii. Trusses should be installed every meter; in our building there are 5 of them. We will need 10 curved parts, as well as a 30*30*2 mm profile for the internal stiffeners.

How to attach a truss to metal frame on bolts

We cut the truss elements to size, cook the main components rafter system. When all the parts are ready, we lift them onto the frame with a crane, then fasten them to the frame with bolts or by welding to a steel gusset. Next, we weld the sheathing from a profile 40*25*2 mm, distance 750 mm.

Treatment

After assembly, we clean the frame with a stiff brush, remove scale, remove signs of corrosion, then go through sandpaper to finally get rid of the lesions and also increase the adhesion of the surfaces. Before painting, to degrease the frame, it should be washed with a rag soaked in solvent; when it has completely evaporated, it can be primed.

The primer will protect the canopy from corrosion and significantly reduce paint consumption. If coloring composition does not have good hiding power, then the primer layer will provide a reliable protective layer and uniform color. For hammer compounds, one layer is sufficient to cover ordinary paints It is better to apply primer 2 times. Metal canopies are painted with brushes, rollers, the most advantageous method is spraying from a spray gun, which will significantly speed up the process, reduce paint consumption by one and a half to two times, and provide an even, complete, reliable, aesthetic coating.

Standard hammer effect paint colors

How to attach polycarbonate to a metal canopy frame

For metal canopies it is better to use cellular polycarbonate. Cut with a grinder and a metal disc. Sand the edges with fine abrasive to remove burrs. Polycarbonate can be fixed using thermal washers or using a special profile.

In the first case, holes are made 2 mm larger than the diameter of the mounting leg. Puts on the puck rubber compressor, which prevents dust and moisture from getting inside, the part is inserted into the hole until a characteristic click is heard. Point fastening allows the material to maneuver slightly, which protects the polycarbonate from deformation and cracks during operation of the material when cooling or heating.

Mounting on a thermal washer

The profile connection is more airtight, it is justified when panels need to be joined. The edges sit on thermal washers. Which type of profile to choose depends on the type of roof, so it is selected individually.

Detailed diagram-instructions on how to properly bend and fasten polycarbonate

Subsequently, the sides of the canopy can be covered with blank panels, glazed, hung curtains or planted grapes, climbing roses, climbing plants, when they grow, you will get a beautiful, living gallery.

Be sure to watch how to make a canopy from metal with your own hands; the video explains in detail how to join the main components of the structure, weld the truss, and strengthen the frame. The video explains in detail what errors we encountered in practice, as well as how to eliminate them.

They are called simple stationary or mobile street-type building structures that act as a protective structure or decorative element exterior. The main structural elements of this type of building are the roof, consisting of a frame and waterproof roofing material, and strong supports, which in some cases can be replaced by a wall.

In the general understanding, this is a shelter from bad weather, ultraviolet radiation and other natural influences. However, in addition to protective function these structures can complement the architectural design of the building from an aesthetic point of view.

Types of awnings

Depending on the functional purpose and tasks assigned to them, several types of canopies are classified:

1. Independent - independent buildings that are installed separately in any convenient location and do not have common structural elements with other buildings. These may be outbuildings on the site, protective structures for special equipment, car parking, indoor playgrounds.
2. Adjacent (Attached) - attached to a building (for example, a house), and its wall partially replaces the supports. Their distinctive feature is ease of installation and dismantling. This type includes terraces of summer street cafes, gazebos, open verandas, recreation areas near a private house.
3. Built-in - the type is permanently installed during the construction of a building and is an integral element of the architectural project - balcony, attic, entrance groups.

By mobility

1. Prefabricated - portable buildings for temporary use, the installation location of which can be changed frequently, since installation does not involve large time and labor costs. They are easy to assemble, conveniently fold for storage, transport and carry. These are mainly tents for outdoor recreation, trade tents, and awnings.
2. Static - capital structures that are permanently located and imply long-term operation in designated place due to the solidity of the design and the complexity of dismantling. They are distinguished by their reliability, practicality, stability and durability, but their construction requires a thorough approach due to the need to construct a foundation.

By design

1. Open canopies - consist of a roof and vertical supporting elements made of a metal pipe or profile.
2. Closed canopies - frame structures closed type, in which the openings between the supports are closed around the perimeter various types sheet materials, these include greenhouses or bus stops.

By shape

When designing, the shape of the roof plays an important role. The roof configuration, depending on the functional component, can be simple - single-pitched, double-pitched, or non-standard (three-pitched and hipped), if provided for architectural project and landscape design.

1. Single-pitched - from the name it is clear that such a roof has one slope, which gives general design a number of advantages. Simplicity of execution implies minimum consumption materials, ease of installation and, importantly, affordable cost. A roof with one slope is designed in an inclined plane so that precipitation in the form of rain or snow does not linger on it and does not contribute to deformation.
2. Gable - this configuration involves the location of the roof in two planes at an angle, which makes it possible to better prevent the effects of atmospheric influences and additional loads.
3. Decorative - the use of a canopy as a decorative element of the exterior is common design technique, since the variety of geometric ideas is quite extensive and limited only by imagination. Modern technologies allow the production of structures complex shapes, which will harmoniously fit into any architectural composition, while fulfilling their intended purpose.
4. Hip awnings - this type of roof has four inclined slopes, which makes the structure resistant to wind loads and facilitates more efficient removal of precipitation from the roof surface.

What does a metal canopy look like?

We present to you a video about one of the canopies, 10 meters wide. The narrator talks not only about design feature of this structure, but also about the errors of the structure.

Purpose of canopies

Lightweight, inexpensive, but durable and reliable designs are ubiquitous today. The possibility of using canopies as independent, full-fledged structures with high performance qualities allows the use this type structures in various fields.

Device

Modern industrial technology offer wide choose products that can be used as building material for the manufacture of canopies. The resistance of the structure to adverse weather conditions and mechanical loads directly depends on what forms the basis for the manufacture of a covered structure.

Supports

Hollow structures can be used as supporting elements. metal pipes with a cross section of various geometric shapes. Such racks lend themselves well to processing, cutting, and bending to create non-standard elements; they do not always require the construction of a capital foundation, since the structures made from them are quite lightweight. Metal supports must be treated with a special composition to protect against corrosion, which will significantly extend the service life and improve performance characteristics.

When constructing wooden supports, preference is given to hardwood due to its increased strength. A combined installation option is possible: a wooden stand is attached to a concrete base. When installing completely wooden supports, it is necessary to pre-treat with an antiseptic.

One of the most labor-intensive and costly from an economic point of view is the method of erecting brick pillars. However, such a canopy looks solid and fits well into the exterior against the backdrop of a brick building.

The distance between construction sites is, on average, from two to two and a half meters, depending on the parameters of the support and the weight that it can withstand. For example, one metal support with a diameter of 80-100 mm can take a load of up to 250 kg

Farm

Between the supporting elements and the roof of large sizes, there is a roof truss made of metal. The supporting structure is an important part support system, therefore, when designing, it is necessary to take into account all influencing factors.

The frame, made of rolled metal, is reliable and has high strength characteristics. Used in production metal corners, channels and profile pipes of various sections, depending on the load and general geometry. The farms are parallel planes triangular, semicircular or rectangular in shape, consisting of an upper and lower belt with an internal reinforcement grid.

Truss Cladding

One of the common options roofing, is a metal tile, which is sheets made from an alloy of several metals. This type sheet material, like corrugated sheeting, has good anti-corrosion properties because it is treated with a polymer layer.

Practical and inexpensive material for the manufacture of roofing is monolithic, cellular (cellular) or profiled polycarbonate, which is characterized by resistance to mechanical loads and impacts sun rays. But at the same time, a translucent roof made of this material allows light to pass through well, which makes the structure light. Also, the advantages of polycarbonate include a variety of color solutions, and the ability to give different geometric shapes due to flexibility and plasticity.

Prefabricated temporary structures are most often equipped with a roof made of awning fabric. Thanks to its strength characteristics, it provides good protection from rain and functions as shade protection in sunny weather.

You can cover not only the roof with fabric, but also use it around the perimeter to create a full-fledged tent. When choosing a textile shelter, you need to pay attention Special attention on the quality of the seams, it is advisable that they be additionally taped. If you properly store and carefully use such a canopy, it will last for more than one season.

From the text above, you can understand that the roof for a canopy can be:

1. From metal tiles
2. Using polycarbonate
3. Fabric (awning)

Foundation Features

A reinforced base is required to be built if the structure is solid and is installed for a long time. Can be made for canopies pile-screw foundation, concreting of support posts is also widely used.

The initial stage of laying is to check the soil in order to prevent further deformation of the finished structure. If it is necessary to install on sandy soil, support posts must be immersed to a depth of over fifty centimeters. If the site is dominated by clay, saturated with groundwater, then the foundation is laid to the freezing depth in the given region.

Preparation for the base includes removing the top layer of soil and filling it with gravel. It is best to concrete the site; however, it is important to remember that the area of ​​the base should not exceed the area of ​​the roof in order to avoid destruction under the influence of moisture.

GOST

The process of constructing any building structures regulated by current regulatory documents, awnings are no exception.

There are a lot of narrowly focused documents that interpret the requirements for the construction of these structures in different areas and industries. However, the basic conditions that cannot be changed or not complied with by the manufacturer are reflected in the following documents:

1. GOST 23118 “Steel construction structures. Basic technical requirements"
2. SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”
3. SP 31-107-2004 “Architectural and planning solutions”

Requirements for canopies

Protection from sunlight and adverse weather conditions is the main function of this type of building structure. Ability to withstand snow loads V winter period is provided on the basis of competent calculation bearing capacity supporting frame taking into account the weight of the roof.

It is worth noting that the greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the more susceptible it is to wind loads, so the optimal slope is 15-25 centimeters.

Protection of the body from the influence of precipitation and the ability to avoid cleaning vehicle from snow in winter is the desire of most car owners. The optimal size of a covered structure for comfortable placement of a car is 3 by 6 meters. To equip an open canopy of this size, you will need to install eight supports - four corners and two on each long side.

Answering questions (FAQ)

What materials are awnings made from? Are there combined options?

Initially, sheds were constructed of wood. Due to simplification and cheapness, current production is carried out from metal. Wooden canopies, in some cases, are more expensive than metal ones. There are also combined designs made of wood and metal.

To calculate snow and wind loads, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with SNiP 01.07-85. This standard specifies the norms and requirements for the loads of metal canopies.

How to properly attach polycarbonate?

Initially, decide on the number of sheets needed and cut them to the desired length and width. The second step is to drill holes for mounting. (in polycarbonate). Be sure to seal the top seams (at the ends) of the polycarbonate. It is recommended to attach polycarbonate to the profile using thermal washers.

The topic of building a canopy is always relevant for owners of private households, summer houses, and garage buildings. Most suitable material For them, profile pipe products are considered. Installation similar design It is simple and can be built with your own hands.

A canopy made from a profile pipe, erected in the yard or on personal plot, looks modern and is able to give the area adjacent to the house originality. Such structures must have the required strength and rigidity in order to be able to withstand different types of loads. Before installation begins, a number of steps need to be completed.

Preparation for construction of the structure

Before you begin installation work, you should:

• calculate the expected loads - if necessary;
• draw up detailed drawings of the canopy frame from a profile pipe - the dimensions must also be indicated on them;
• prepare a set of tools;
• select and purchase building materials.

You can build several canopy options yourself from profile products, namely:

• arched;
• single-slope;
• gable.

The appearance and shape of the future structure largely depend on the personal preferences of the owner of the dacha or house and the size of the unoccupied space on the land plot. The most rapidly erected and most compact relative to the occupied space is considered to be a shed made of corrugated pipe.

Approximate calculation of a canopy made from a profile pipe

As a result, the canopy area is 6x9 meters. In this case, the height of the edge that will be raised is 3.5 or 3.6 meters, and the low one is 2.4 meters. As a result of the difference between heights, the angle of inclination will be 12-13 degrees.

To determine the degree of probable loads, wind and snow maps of the specific area where the site is located are used. land plot. Based on the above data, do-it-yourself drawings of a canopy made from a profile pipe are made.

In addition to the fact that you can draw them yourself, there are special computer programs. To achieve maximum accuracy when carrying out calculations, it is advisable to be in the place where the structure will be placed at this time.

Canopy elements made from profile products

The design has several main elements, including:

• racks;
• mortgages;
• base plates;
• arches;
• guides;
• roof;
• others - these could be, for example, lighting and drainage systems.

For the manufacture of racks and poles, both profile pipes and products with a round cross-section are suitable. U last option available significant drawback, which consists in a more complex configuration of support units and fastening elements.

To ensure mating of frame parts located at an angle of 90 degrees, ideal solution is square shape pipe products. This type of section provides an equal degree of rigidity in both directions - longitudinal and transverse.

To build a canopy from a profile pipe of any shape based on a drawing, welding is used, as well as threaded or bolted types of connections. When creating trusses or purlins, experts recommend taking rectangular products, since they are subject to a significant load in the transverse direction, namely from top to bottom. In this case, there is practically no effort along the axis.

Characteristics of profile pipe products

In order to build a canopy frame from a profile pipe and make all the necessary calculations, you should determine the characteristics of the manufactured pipe products. For products with a square cross-section, required values are given in special tables.

For rectangular pipes maximum size loads are calculated by larger side. The result can also be seen in a specially compiled table, where, in addition to the desired value, the span length and pipe dimensions are indicated.

Calculation of values ​​for canopy posts

When selecting the parameters of the racks, they first calculate the loads exerted and draw a detailed drawing. The rigidity of the product is affected by the width and thickness of its walls, which in turn depend on the length of the product.

For example, when choosing which profile pipe to use for a canopy, you can use either a thick-walled product with a small cross-section, or one with thin walls, but with a large shelf width.

It should be taken into account that the vertically directed load exerted on the rack by the canopy floors is insignificant and therefore a thin corrugated pipe will withstand it without the slightest deformation. The diagram of a canopy made from a profile pipe should contain exact dimensions each element. Quite often, a garage frame from a profile pipe is made using the same method.

For construction with average parameters the best option there will be products with a cross-section ranging from 50 to 100 millimeters. If racks are located frequently, it is acceptable to reduce the size of the pipes used. In the case where a lean-to canopy has four supports, then large-section pipe products will be used.

Trusses as frame elements

Trusses serve as an additional connecting part when arranging a canopy. They give the frame greater stability and strength (read: ""). You should draw a special drawing for them. According to the standards, calculations are required for pipe trusses with an inclination angle of more than 6 degrees. But experts believe that you need to start from 8 degrees.

The fact is that in winter, fallen snow will accumulate on the roof surface at a slight angle of inclination. The optimal value is 15 - 20 degrees. This slope of the roof slope is suitable for coverings made of corrugated sheets, slate, plastic, polycarbonate and other modern materials.

Farms can take the following form:

• triangular;
• arched;
• rectangular;
• broken;
• trapezoidal.

Inside the trusses, racks, purlins, braces, and struts are additionally installed. The drawing must indicate both the dimensions and the list and quantity of materials that will be required.

Next, install a sheathing of timber 50 millimeters high. It is needed to fix the roof covering. Wooden beams should be pre-treated antiseptic, or paint it with paint to prevent damage to the wood.

Construction of the structure

Installation work is carried out in stages:

1. Before making a canopy from pipes, first prepare the foundation.
2. Then the materials listed in the drawing are measured and cut.
3. Trusses are made.
4. The side walls of the structure are assembled.
5. Connect roof trusses and finished sections.
6. Check the correct assembly of the elements using a level and tape measure.
7. Mount and securely fasten the frame to a previously prepared area.
8. Processed protective compounds metal surfaces.
9. Prepare materials for roofing, install them and fix them.
10. Trim off excess roofing.
11. They restore order in the surrounding area.

IN free space pour cement solution. Side walls assembled in one of the selected ways, connecting trusses and pillars that serve as support. If a shed is being built, then the side sections are mounted on the base until the roof trusses are installed.

When carrying out work, you should monitor the compliance of the dimensions of the structure with the drawing documentation and the vertical position of the elements at all stages of the construction of the canopy. Sheets of cladding materials should be cut with a small margin, which will allow you to correct errors made during measurements.

Selection of materials and preparation of tools

The main requirement for the quality of profile pipe products is strength. To ensure the stability of the load-bearing parts of the structure made from them, you need to select pipes with minimum parameters, equal to 80x80 millimeters. For additional items optimal size The section will be 40x20 millimeters.

To determine the amount of roofing material, first calculate the area of ​​the surface to be covered, and then increase the result obtained by 5%. Fastening is carried out with roofing bolts and special gaskets.

The structure is assembled in one of the following ways:

1. Welding. But for this you need not only to have a welding machine with electrodes, but also to know how to properly weld a canopy from a profile pipe. Without skills, such work cannot be done.
2. Applying threaded connections . This requires metal corners and mounting bolts.
3. Using special clamps.

A do-it-yourself canopy costs much less than a purchased one. It will meet the requirements subject to strict adherence to the technology of its construction.

Sheds made from metal profiles, like any other material, can look impressive if you carry out careful work on the project.

When many people hear the phrase “corrugated sheet canopies,” images of not the most attractive structures appear in their imagination. In fact, such canopies can be very nice - for example, like in the photo that was published very first in this article.

Corrugated sheet

When they talk about a metal profile as a roofing material, they mean a profiled sheet, or corrugated sheet, as it is popularly called. The fact is that the very concept of a metal profile includes the most various products made of metal alloys: these are sheets, pipes, and much more. But only sheets made in the appropriate profile are used as roofing (for example, metal tiles can also be classified as profiled metal).

The coating of the profiled sheet can be:

• Polymer (it can be any color);
• Galvanized (silver color).

These two types of coating do not differ much in their general characteristics from each other, so the choice of one or another option will depend, rather, on your preferences for the design and general perception of your object (in this case, a canopy). However, there is a point of view that corrugated sheets with polymer coating lasts 2-3 times longer than galvanized.

Order a canopy?

We make canopies from polycarbonate and glass.
There are promotional carport prices - turnkey carport 3.6 x 6.3 = 63,000 rubles!!!
turnkey carport for 2 cars 5.7 x 6.3 = 128,000 rubles!!!

Market Review

You can buy corrugated sheeting at a price of 142 rubles per 1 square meter. The number of colors and profiles offered allows you to express your architectural thought.

Options for corrugated sheeting profiles allow you to choose an interesting solution for your canopy. And not only for him.

Often, in pursuit of profit, we instead quality material we purchase a defective one. To prevent this from happening, be sure to check all the material upon acceptance. There should be no sheets with coating defects or sheet deformations.

Cheap corrugated sheets

However, if you just need the cheapest corrugated sheeting (for example, for a temporary canopy or fence), we recommend that you purchase defective material with the following defects:

1. Damaged coating.
2. Uneven cut lines.
3. Any deformation of the sheet material.
4. Incorrect sheet dimensions.

Defective sheets of corrugated sheets - perfect solution for temporary canopies and fencing.

The larger and more serious the shortcomings of defective corrugated sheeting, the more it will be sold at a greater discount.

How to save money on the purchase of any corrugated sheet:

1. Buy products from the manufacturer without intermediaries.
2. You can search for suppliers who have promotions and sales.
3. Organize pickup if you or someone you know has a truck.

Advantages and disadvantages

Definitely the advantages of profiled sheets include:

• Availability
• Light weight
• Convenient transportation
• Fast and affordable installation
• Ability to withstand snow cap pressure
• Waterproof
• Corrosion resistance
• Doesn't fade in the sun
• Withstands wind loads
• Fire resistance
• Wide range of colors
• Durability

Profiled a metal sheet- great, available material for canopy or fencing.

The disadvantages of this material include:

• Noise in the rain (metal is metal)
• Heating in the sun
• Incorrect installation and delivery will shorten the life of the product

Types of canopies

Corrugated sheeting can be used as a roof for the roof of your house, and for any type of canopy, for example:

1. Carport.
2. Canopy over the entrance.
3. Grill canopy.
4. A utility canopy (for example, to protect firewood or equipment from rain).
5. Temporary canopy to protect building material from rain.

You can order any of these canopies from a construction company or make it yourself.

Option for an extended canopy: there will be enough space on the site to park a compact car or arrange for household members and guests to have tea in nature.

How to make a canopy with your own hands

If you organize the entire work process correctly, you can make a canopy from corrugated sheets in just a couple of days. So to begin with:

1. Clear the area where you will place the canopy from foreign objects.
2. Make markings for the pillars of the supporting structure.

The material - corrugated sheeting and supporting structure (wood, metal, etc.) - should already be ready.

1. Pouring the foundation and installing the racks occur simultaneously.
2. After the cement has hardened and the support posts are fixed, you can begin installing the canopy itself.

1. Fastening of transverse and longitudinal beams(or farms).
2. Lathing installation (if required).
3. Rigid fastening of corrugated sheets.

In this video, our compatriot tells how he made for his plot semicircular canopy metal frame and corrugated sheeting. What pipes he used and what exactly he did - you will find out when watching.

DIY metal frame

Nowadays you can find many different elements on sale from which you can assemble a metal frame yourself. Even if you don't have welding machine– you can use the “good old” fastening with rivets or screws. True, not in all cases they can replace welding.

Conclusion

If you are not interested in profiled metal sheets as a roofing covering for sheds, we recommend that you take a look