How to properly cut a log on a tire sawmill. Rules for using a chainsaw. Work order

Centuries and millennia pass, new materials and technologies appear, but wood, stone and metal have been and remain the main materials used by humanity for its needs. Products made from them surround us everywhere, wherever we are, wherever we go.

Particularly noteworthy is the wood, which creates an atmosphere of coziness and comfort everywhere. Metal and stone are colder and more laconic, but wood is even warm to the touch. Therefore, the first two materials are used more often in the form load-bearing structures, and wood in interior decoration, however, after being brought into the appropriate form.

Before you cut a log correctly, you need to inspect it. If there are no significant flaws on the outside of the tree, then processing can be done quickly and with virtually no loss of wood.

Logs must be sawed in such a way that the resulting materials have equal density. And for this you need to remember that wood is north side the trunk differs more high density than in the south. Cutting a log lengthwise begins with removing the slab; this part is removed from both sides of the tree to create a beam that will not roll.

We place the resulting timber on one cut side, and the other looks up, and the cutting will begin from there. Now you can cut the remaining log into appropriate lumber or boards of equal thickness. At the output we get a set of not edged boards, in which the raw edge (sometimes even with tree bark) must then be cut off with a handsaw. Now we can consider the work completed.

How to saw a log lengthwise - disappointing realities

All these recommendations are good for ideal logs, but, as you know, ideal is quite rare. Basically, almost all logs have various shortcomings, and you have to adapt and invent cutting methods in order to avoid wood loss and get as much quality material as possible.

As in the previous case, Before sawing a log lengthwise, you need to remove the slab from it. For those who don’t know, a slab is a board that has one sawn surface, and the other either is partially processed or is not touched at all.

After removing the slab, the next step is to make an unedged board, this has already been written about above. Longitudinal cutting of a log produces boards, but with raw edges. In the process, because the log is not perfect, it is necessary to periodically turn it over and identify it best options further use. Sometimes, while cutting one log, you have to turn it 180 degrees several times to minimize defective boards.

If it is possible to obtain good quality material on the other side of the log, you need to continue the process from there and so on until full use wood.

Very often, after cutting, timber remains; it can also be used on slats, boards, or used in its original form.

Features of mechanisms for processing logs

Many private developers have a question: how to cut a log lengthwise with a chainsaw? To perform this operation, experts recommend that you first secure the log and only then carry out processing. In addition, in order for the cut to be as smooth as possible, it is necessary good sharpening chain of this saw so that it does not get pulled to the side, or buy a special chain designed for longitudinal cutting.

In addition, it is advisable that the logs are not long, because It is very difficult to make something high-quality by hand from a long workpiece. also in construction stores Special attachments for logs and saws are sold, which are called mini-sawmills; they allow you to do work at home quickly and efficiently. The only drawback of such equipment is its high cost.

When using a hand saw, you need to proceed in the same way as when processing with a sawmill. The slab is cut off and the remaining log is cut into longitudinal boards, from which the raw side edges are then separated. The only main difference when working with a saw is increased complexity, because you need to maintain a uniform thickness of the board when working with a saw that is constantly tending to wobble, and it is also simply physically difficult to hold it in your hands all the time.

All experts agree that if possible, it is better to take the material to a sawmill, where professional equipment they will be processed with minimal losses and extremely smooth edges.

Forest sawing is a cycle of actions using a variety of technologies aimed at obtaining lumber from round timber suitable for further use in industry. The duration and labor intensity of the process depend on the chosen method of processing round timber, as well as the time of year.

Tools and equipment

Barrels and big size branches. All material is divided into groups according to thickness and presence of bark. Often, timber processing enterprises have workshops near the harvesting site, in which machines for the initial processing of wood are installed.

Manual debarking of wood

Not past stage debarked timber can be used for flooring or as ridge beam in the appropriate interior, or as a supporting device during construction.

Industrial debarking of forests

If another option for using the wood is planned, then sawing is carried out, resulting in the following segments:

• unedged and semi-edged (rough material from which the bases of the floor, walls or ceiling are mounted);
• edged (intended for finishing flooring).

The cutting can be carried out by a mobile organization that has all the necessary tool.

Wood cutting map

Rational use of the material is ensured by compliance with the cutting map. This allows you to reduce costs due to waste, the percentage of which the card can significantly reduce. The tools and types of forest processing equipment used depend on the volume, desired quality and size of the finished lumber.

The most commonly used are a circular saw and various machines:

• circular due circular saw allows you to make precise cuts in various directions. Suitable for both professional and home use, copes well with above-average round timber diameters;
• chainsaw;
• machines for clean bark removal;
• sawing on band sawmill makes it possible to process dense logs, it is considered the most popular, since the yield gives quality material and a small amount of waste;
• disk machine: production of double-edged timber and unedged boards;
• a frame sawmill does not require a foundation, the technology using it allows you to install the equipment in close proximity to the felling site;
• fine meter processed universal machines, the output produces high-quality building materials even from low-grade logs;
• sawing round timber at a large woodworking enterprise should be produced with the largest amount of lumber, differing from the rest in special quality and exact dimensions. For this purpose, special lines are installed for sawing.

At the sawmill, timber and edged boards are obtained by cutting logs up to 7 m long and 15-80 cm in diameter along the longitudinal line. A circular saw has one or more disks, processes different diameter forests according to their quantity.

If you need to process a small amount of wood at home, you can use a regular chainsaw.

Cutting wood

Before choosing a tool, you need to decide on the type of cut, focusing on the annual rings of the log. There are several types:

• radial (along the radius);
• tangential (the cut is parallel to one radius and touches the annual rings);
• the fibers are located parallel to the cutting being performed.

Among the cutting methods, the one that is most suitable for a particular case is selected:

1. Waddle. Sawing wood in this way is done for deciduous trees with a small trunk thickness, it is considered simple processing. Output: unedged elements and slabs.
2. If you have another forest processing machine, then it is possible to cut up to 65% of the material to produce edged boards of equal width. First, the double-edged timber and boards on the sides are cut, and then a certain amount of edged lumber is obtained from the timber.
3. More specific methods are sector and segment sawing. The number of elements in the first method varies from 4 to 8, and depends on the thickness of the trunk. After dividing, elements are cut from each sector along a tangential or radial line. The second method begins with the timber coming out of the central part, and boards are cut from the side segments in a tangential direction.
4. For individual cutting of wood, the circular method is suitable. It is based on turning the log along the longitudinal line by 90° after each sawn board. This allows you to monitor the quality of the wood and promptly remove affected areas of the trunk.

Manual work: using a chainsaw

For home cutting of several trunks, it is not advisable to purchase a tool whose cost is several times higher than the price finished products. If you have the necessary skill, then it is more efficient and cheaper to do the whole necessary work a regular chainsaw, or chain equipment powered by electricity. Of course, such work requires much more physical effort and time, but the cost of the issue is significantly reduced.

Work for garden plot requires pruning fruit trees, and it also becomes possible to additionally produce material for outbuildings, without resorting to the services of specialists, so any prudent owner will prefer to buy a chainsaw. Most often they are prepared for the home conifers, which this tool does an excellent job of cutting. Thanks to straight trunks, it is easier to mark cutting lines, which increases the speed of work. Professionals, by the way, most often use a chainsaw, since it is more powerful than an electric one and can be used anywhere, regardless of whether there are power sources at the cutting or cutting site.

To use a chainsaw to cut logs, you will need a device such as a saw attachment, as well as cutting guides and base-trunk fasteners. The frame-shaped attachment is attached to the tool so that it remains possible to adjust the distance between the chain and the frame itself. This is done to make it possible to produce finished lumber of different thicknesses. For the role of a guide, you can take either a profile of the required length, or an even wooden plank with sufficient rigidity. A special chain is selected for the tool, designed to cut the trunk lengthwise. Its difference from the others lies in the teeth sharpened at a certain angle.

Before you start work, you need to not only prepare all the necessary tools. Regardless of whether a woodworking machine is intended for processing a trunk or hand tool, the first thing you need to do is familiarize yourself with the cutting map. This is done in order to minimize the percentage of waste and increase the yield of useful products.

The first thing you need to worry about when cutting longitudinally is the uniform density of the finished boards. To do this, a competent sawyer guides the tool with east side logs to the west, or in the opposite direction. This is explained by the higher density of round timber in its northern part than in the southern part.

Next, use a chainsaw to remove the slab from both sides so as to obtain a double-edged beam. It, in turn, is sawed in accordance with the cutting pattern chosen at the beginning of the work. The solution is an unedged board. If there is a certain percentage of defects in the trunk, then a circular cut is possible with the trunk turning at a right angle or 180°.

Quantity of finished material, cutting price

Exit useful material from conifers and hardwood differs in percentage. For lumber obtained from coniferous trees, the following indicators are characteristic:

• provided that the operation is carried out by a professional and a circular sawmill is used, the percentage of finished wood will be the highest (80-85%);
• the edged material produced by the machines averages 55-70%;
• An unedged board leaves up to 30% waste when used with a chainsaw.

The figures are given without taking into account the finished culled timber, the amount of which can reach 30%. However, such material is used for products that allow certain defects.

Deciduous round timber produces 60% of the finished unedged timber and about 40% of the edged timber. This is explained by the initial curvature of the round timber. It is possible to increase the amount of products obtained: this will require forest processing machines of various types. A certain kind of device can increase the amount of lumber by 10-20%. For one cube of lumber you will need about 10 cubes of deciduous round timber. Installation price additional equipment will pay off the cost of the finished timber. Special lines provide greater volume, but their use is only advisable over a large area. average price sawing wood at a regular sawmill will cost approximately 150-180 rubles per cubic meter of boards.

Sawing map

The cutting map represents the calculation optimal quantity finished lumber from one log. You can calculate it yourself for each specific log diameter, or you can use computer program, which greatly facilitates the calculation, and the price of which is quite affordable.

Or the source could be a regular sawmill reference book. The result is a table that is taken as a basis. The sawmill attachment must always be oriented towards its data in order to obtain more lumber of any type of wood.

Any construction project is incomplete without the use of wood. If you have logs, you can cut it into boards yourself. This way you can save money, and the log will go to work.

First you need to prepare the log for cutting. To do this you will need to remove the bark. The simplest and most effective tool for this purpose is considered to be a stapler. Because the scraper, when removing the bark, does not touch the tree.

To remove the bark, you can use a shovel or electric jigsaw. When using a shovel, you need to remove the bark “from yourself.”

There are three ways to cut a log. We will not consider one of them, namely, sawing obliquely. Since this method is used for specialized projects and developments.

Let's consider two methods that suit us: cutting logs lengthwise and crosswise

• Cross cutting is used to produce parts in the form of disks or cylinders.

• And the longitudinal method is used to dissolve logs into boards, bars, slats. For this purpose, many devices are used in production. We will look at how you can cut a log at home, on your own.

For cutting you can use:

• Circular
• Grinder with attachments

So, we have already removed the bark from the log, so we move on to the next steps:

• We fix the log on the guides or bed
• We saw off the slab on one side to get flat surface
• Turn the log over onto the bed with its flat side and remove the second slab
• Next we cut the log into planks

How to cut a log into smooth boards and beams

It is quite difficult to cut wood straight along a log. After all, the same thickness must be maintained along the entire length. For this there is special equipment, which is attached to a log.

Many people make their own sawmill to cut logs at home.

How to make a home sawmill with your own hands

Let's consider the two most used manufacturing options sawmills.

Option one

• We weld the frame from channels and profile pipes
• We attach a saw with an electric or gasoline drive to a carriage with vertical feed
• Attach a ruler to vertical rack, so that dissolving into boards is as accurate as possible
• Use a polished pipe or rod as a guide for the carriage; they are needed for the carriage to move vertically.
• We install a screw in the bearing so that it moves the carriage when moving

With this option, it is the saw that is set in motion, on a specially attached frame, and the log remains in place. Chain Saw in this case, it will complete the task faster. If you plan to use reciprocating saw, then the process will be delayed, since it works in one direction.

Option two

• We weld the frame from metal plates and squares
• We attach the engine to the bottom of the frame
• At the top we place a shaft with pulleys
• We attach one or more circular saws to the shaft
• We attach a guide from a square (metal) to the table
• Feed the log by moving it forward and pressing it against the guides

Whatever you can do with a chainsaw - with the help of all kinds of attachments, this tool becomes very multifunctional. Don't know how to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw? Now we won’t talk about that!

Chainsaw – a tool for all occasions

Most owners have no idea what capabilities are hidden in this seemingly single-function tool. We are talking about what functions, besides cutting logs into firewood, a chainsaw can perform in skillful hands. But just think - the tool is absolutely autonomous, fill the tank with fuel, and work where it’s convenient for you!

A wide range of work is determined by a powerful, compact and safe gasoline engine, which has a very unpretentious “character” and the ability to work in the most difficult conditions. What else is good about a chainsaw is sealed system fuel supply, which, in combination with membrane type carburetor, allows it to work in the most different positions, except maybe upside down. In addition, the designers provided reliable protection components from overloads and breakdowns in the form of a centrifugal clutch.

Look at the chainsaw from a different point of view - you are holding in your hands a tool that is amazing in its capabilities! This is a universal drive for the most various kinds devices capable of not only sawing wood, but also cutting metal and stone, pumping water, drilling wells, and even serving as a low-power engine!

DIY multi-tool

The most popular attachment, which is even produced by the chainsaw manufacturers themselves, is the petrol cutter attachment, which turns the chainsaw into an autonomous version of an angle grinder. The nozzle device is a bearing assembly with a shaft, with a pulley installed at one end, which is driven into rotation by a V-belt. At the other end there is a mandrel for fastening abrasive wheels. By changing circles, such a grinder chainsaw will be able to cut stone, tile, brick and even metal. Of course, the circle is hidden in protective cover, without which work would be such a tool clean water playing roulette - whether you're lucky or not!

Of course, there are a lot of people who will call this method crazy, because you can buy a normal one and not have to worry about changing any attachments! However, in practice, the idea is completely justified - high-speed saws equipped with such attachments work no worse than conventional grinders. Of course, they can’t compete with professional powerful tools, but in the household they justify themselves. This device has two undeniable advantages - autonomy and saving money.

Another professional attachment that can be bought in specialized stores is the so-called debarkers. Their functions exactly correspond to the purpose of the chainsaw and, in fact, increase its capabilities - in addition to cutting wood with the help of debarkers, it can be processed, namely, cleared of bark, growths and branches, as well as cut grooves in logs, which is useful during construction wooden log houses, and give the rounded surface a flat shape.

Debarkers are divided into disk and drum. The first ones are used for cutting out recesses and mounting grooves, and the drum ones are used for removing bark from logs; they are also called debarkers. The device is a drum or cutter mounted in bearing unit. The device is driven by a V-belt drive; for this purpose, there is a special pulley on the axis. Taking into account changes in the diameter of the pulley and the engine speed, you can also change the speed of operation of such a tool for optimal processing of wood.

With the help of a chainsaw and the appropriate attachment, you don't have to worry about emergency water supply at home if necessary - you can make a pump from this woodworking tool in a few minutes!

Essentially, the attachment is a regular centrifugal pump that is attached to the saw and driven by the same pulley and belt. The principle of operation is the same as for everyone else centrifugal pumps– one hose is lowered into the water, the second serves as a pressure hose. Before starting work, liquid is poured into the engine through the plug, which is necessary for the pump to “grab” the pumped water. When the turbine rotates, it creates a reduced pressure inside, due to which water is pumped out. The device is essentially the simplest, but imagine what use it can be when Vacation home de-energized, and the water supply issue needs to be resolved urgently!

With the help of special attachments, a chainsaw can be turned into a drill or a winch, and even into outboard motor, capable of reaching speeds of up to 20 km/h with a fuel consumption of 1 l/h. However, these are already rarer cases, while devices for longitudinal sawing of logs, or, as they are called, mini-sawmills, are found quite often.

How to cut a log into planks with a chainsaw - vertical attachment

First of all, it should be noted that no one sets themselves the task of professionally cutting logs with minimum quantity waste. For professional work You also need the appropriate tool, but the attachment for longitudinal sawing of logs will allow you to solve many small problems on the farm. Let's imagine, for example, that your garden is dry. old pear, and you just needed a few boards to fill a hole in the barn. Instead of using a tree trunk for firewood, you can use an attachment to get the material you need.

Devices for longitudinal sawing of logs are divided into vertical and horizontal. Most simple device This is precisely the first option: the adapter is attached to the tire at its base, and with the help of a guide bar the straightness of the adapter’s movement is ensured. This entire structure is attached to a board, which serves as a stop for cutting and at the same time as a guide. The accuracy of such a device is not high - it can be used to cut rough boards or give a log a simple square shape However, such a device is assigned corresponding tasks.

How to cut a log lengthwise - cut horizontally!

Much greater cutting accuracy is ensured by the horizontal structure, which is a rigid frame attached to the chainsaw bar in two places - at the base and at its end. The attachment points can be shifted to provide the required cutting width. Of course, such a device is intended for small logs, the diameter of which will not be greater than the length of the tire.

Using the guide element you can install required thickness boards The most difficult thing will be to make the first horizontal cut - in order to get an even cut of wood, you need to attach an additional guide frame to the log, which will serve base surface for emphasis. At subsequent stages of dissolving the log into boards, the flat surface of the previous cut serves as a surface for support and a guide.

This design is quite easy to work with. Before sawing a log lengthwise, it must be well secured along its entire length - the less it vibrates, the smoother the cut will be.. To avoid jamming of the chainsaw bar, small wedges are constantly inserted into the cut to prevent clamping. It should be noted that no matter how hard we try, there will be quite a lot of waste compared to a conventional sawmill. To begin, give the log a square shape by cutting upper layer from all sides, and only then proceed directly to dissolving the logs into boards.

It will not be difficult for craftsmen to make attachments of this kind with their own hands when working with welding and metal - the corresponding diagrams on the Internet are not uncommon, and from the material you will need several square hollow pipes, nuts and screws.

Sawing lumber- a fundamental process in wood processing. First, we need to recall a few terms that are used in the woodworking industry and which are defined by GOST 18288-87 sawmill terms and definitions:

Lumber. Materials that have one or more straight sides. Depending on the ratio of length to width and quantity parallel sides distinguished by beams, beams, boards, obapol and sleepers.

• Bruschi- thickness less than 100 mm, width does not exceed double thickness. This category also includes slats, only linear dimensions there are significantly fewer of them.
• timber- thickness more than 100 mm, width does not exceed double thickness.
• Boards- the width exceeds two thicknesses, they can be trimmed (all four sides are trimmed) or unedged (the sides are not trimmed).
• Sleepers- this is a timber with strictly defined dimensions, used during construction railways, is rarely used nowadays.
• Lagging- the more common name is “croaker”, outer side the whip has only one flat surface. Most often used for further processing into wood chips.

Wood sawing methods

This is a very important factor; the overall yield of lumber and its quality largely depend on the chosen method. Depending on the direction of cutting to the annual rings, there are two methods:

• Radial. Most quality lumber, have an excellent structure and high levels of physical strength. The saw moves perpendicular to the annual rings.
• Tangential. It produces a significantly higher yield of lumber, but its quality is somewhat lower. The saw moves parallel to the annual rings or in a tangential direction.

The choice of a specific cutting method depends on the end use of the lumber and the condition of the log. On the Internet you can find “strange articles” about circular sawing and so on. In fact, the vast majority of the logs are in one position during sawing; as a result, some of the lumber has a tangential cut (about 2/3 of the total), and the rest of the lumber has a radial cut. The top and bottom of the log are sawn tangentially, only its middle is sawn radially.

According to customer's request or taking into account own production the whip can be sawed from the sides, then turned 90°, and sawing is done again. As a result, some of the boards are unedged, tangentially cut, and the rest of the boards will be edged with a radial cut. Let us repeat once again that cutting methods are chosen in each specific case separately taking into account the above factors. Currently, there are three types of sawmills, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Frame sawmills

These were the first mechanisms that began to be used for mechanical sawing of wood. Today, in our opinion, they have undeservedly gone out of fashion. Let's take an objective look at their advantages and disadvantages.

To make it clearer, you need to learn about the principles of operation. On a frame sawmill in vertical position several saws are fixed (from ten or more, it all depends on the size of the frame), the distance between the saws is set once, sawing is carried out by the vertical movement of all saws with the simultaneous feeding of the whip.

pros.

• The entire process can be completely mechanized
• The sawmill is easy to set up and maintain
• Performance is at a very acceptable level
• Cuts the entire length of wood in one pass
• All received unedged boards can be trimmed simultaneously and also in one pass
• The edged board is of high quality
• Save time

Minuses

• It is believed that these sawmills are converted into sawdust a large number of wood. But this is only true for older models. Used to saw were made from low-quality steel, the thickness of each saw was up to 3 mm, plus the spread of the teeth, the cut increased to 5 mm. Today, by reducing the thickness of the saw and the angle of the teeth, the thickness of the cut is significantly reduced. We will compare the thickness of the cut with the band sawmill below, you will find out what their manufacturers are silent about.

Band sawmills

They are considered the most advanced equipment, the most productive, the amount of sawdust is minimal. We will discuss this later, but first we will briefly describe their structure and principle of operation. The cutting is done with closed high-speed saws, the thickness of the saws is small, the width of the cut is reduced. The cutting occurs due to the forward/reverse movement of one saw along the blade. To be honest, we don’t notice any particular advantages (for the buyer), but there are disadvantages. In order not to be unfounded, we will talk about the intricacies of the cutting process.

Sawmills require a very careful attitude. Incorrect sharpening of the teeth, incorrect tension or selection of cutting speed (all of these parameters are selected taking into account the type of wood) lead to the fact that the lumber gets a wavy surface. The height of the waves can reach several centimeters. And such waviness of even one board negates all the “advantages of thin cutting.” A wave on lumber is a visible processing defect and reduces the grade of lumber. The classification of wood defects is described in detail in the article of the same name.

These sawmills have enough low performance, requires a lot physical labor. For example, if your log has a diameter of 100 cm, then calculate how many passes back and forth you need to make to cut it into boards 2 cm thick, and the frame sawmill will cut it in one pass. In addition, each sawn board must be manually removed from the sawmill and stored in separate place. In this case, after each cut you have to set the saw level again. Very high degree dangers during operation. The risk of injury while working at such a sawmill increases in geometric progression- this is both the saw breaking at high speeds and the presence metal objects in the body of the tree (and this happens not so rarely). Problems with sawdust removal. They scatter along the entire length of the sawmill, removing them is long and difficult.

Of course, manufacturers of band saws are “bashfully” silent about such “subtleties”. We advise you to take into account when choosing a sawmill maximum amount factors: the required volume of lumber, the availability of qualified personnel, the characteristics of lumber and requirements for their quality. After all professional workers The band sawmill produces grade 1 lumber in accordance with GOST.

pros.

• Relatively inexpensive
• Sawing in both horizontal and vertical directions
• Large whip thickness, up to 400 mm
• Low waste percentage
• Clean saw

Minuses

• Poor performance
• Increased danger
• Complex setup
• Highly qualified personnel
• Mandatory "rest time" from 8 to 10 hours
• Cleaning

Disc sawmills

Circular saws differ from band and frame (multi-saw) sawmills in the quality of edges and parallelism of the face. Lumber produced at disk sawmill is rightfully considered the best, but only from the consumer’s point of view. The main fact that makes lumber produced on a circular sawmill unavailable for consumption is its high price. High price does not allow you to compete in the market building materials, despite the excellent quality of boards and timber produced by this method. This circumstance is connected with three facts that influence the increase in the cost of lumber from a circular sawmill:

Summarize: When choosing edged lumber, you need to take into account not only the method of sawing the lumber, but also the qualifications of the personnel servicing this equipment. Buy lumber good quality You can contact a trusted supplier by looking at the products using the photos offered on the manufacturer’s website or by visiting the warehouse finished products. The Elka-Palka company is ready to offer its services in accordance with the price lists listed on our website. We only sell quality products own production or purchased from trusted suppliers. Mandatory quality control.