How to properly build a house from timber with your own. How to build a house from timber with your own hands? The difference between solid and profiled timber

Construction wooden houses It is becoming more popular every day. This is due to the desire of people to acquire own home and get an environmentally friendly, healthy home. It is difficult to choose any technology for building a wooden house: frame, from SIP panels, log house or timber. The most suitable in the ratio of “ease of construction – reliability of the structure and its energy efficiency” is to build a house from timber.

A log house has a number of advantages that are difficult to compete with other materials.

• As we have already noted – environmental friendliness. Wood is an excellent material for construction. Its main advantage is natural breathing. Walls made of timber will perfectly exchange gas and steam with environment. Wood is not only not harmful to human health, but some species are even very useful. Coniferous wood is most often used for construction. It has long been known that coniferous wood releases phytoncides, which have an ionizing and disinfecting effect on the surrounding air. It should also be noted that the construction of a wooden house, in particular a house made of timber, does not harm the environment.
• Good thermal insulation of the house. In terms of heat loss, a house made of timber without additional insulation is inferior only to a frame structure. But all the technology frame house construction consists of the use of insulation.

• High speed of construction without the use of special equipment. Building a house from timber does not require the use of heavy construction equipment. It also doesn't require a large crew to raise the walls of a house. If we compare the construction of a 6 by 6 house made of timber or aerated concrete, and even more so of brick, the pace of construction can be almost 3 times higher. Even if you hire an experienced team of masons, you can only lay a certain number of rows. Then you need to wait at least one day for the solution to set. Anyone who has ever done masonry knows how a freshly laid wall wobbles. You can work with timber without breaks or stops. The rigidity of the wall is constant throughout the entire height of the wall throughout the entire construction period.
• Relatively low cost. A house made of timber is superior in cost only frame houses. The reduction in cost is achieved not only due to the availability of the material itself, but also due to the construction of more simple foundation due to the low weight of the entire structure. Perhaps many will compare the cost of a cubic meter of foam block and wood, but do not forget the width of the wall of each material for successful thermal insulation. Saving foam blocks or bricks will lead to costs for insulation or, worse, heating.
• The beauty and richness of construction forms. A house made of profiled or laminated timber requires virtually no façade finishing.

No construction technology is absolutely superior to all others. Houses made of timber are also not without their drawbacks. Basically, they are associated with wood defects. Timber is dead wood, unable to independently fight environmental conditions and insects. In addition, the timber is devoid of outer layers of wood, which have the greatest protective properties. Therefore, houses made of timber require careful care and protection from mold and insects.

It is worth mentioning the fire hazard of such a house. There are also shortcomings in the technology itself. In the first place comes significant shrinkage of timber walls and susceptibility to cracking. This is due to the impossibility of starting finishing the house immediately after its construction. You'll have to wait for the log house to settle. Although a solution to this problem has long been found - the use of kiln-dried timber or laminated veneer lumber. It is also possible to purchase a finished log house, which has already been settled on the manufacturer’s site.

As you can see, houses made of timber are not without their drawbacks. Whether the benefits tip the scales is up to you to decide. One has only to remember that our grandfathers and great-grandfathers built such houses without modern technologies and methods of wood protection. How long did these houses cost? At least 50 years, and some people still go to visit their grandfathers in an old house in the village. A properly built house made of timber can rival brick and concrete in terms of durability.

How to build houses from timber?

Construction of such complex design How a house is connected with many important stages. A mistake at any stage of construction will disrupt not only the elegant appearance or comfort of the house, but sometimes can even lead to a complete redo of part of the work.

How to prevent these mistakes? The most universal adviser is experience. It’s good if construction is not just a hobby for you, and you are already familiar with most operations first-hand. But even a “hardened” builder is not immune from mistakes. Therefore, we will try to compile approximate step-by-step instructions for building a house from timber. This is not a clear technological map, but it will still help you assess your strengths and make a decision to start building a building, and perhaps stop you from taking rash steps, and you will decide that it is better to entrust the construction to specialists.

Project selection

Before starting work, you need to assess the purpose of your future building. It could be country house for a spring-summer stay or a permanent building for permanent residence. It is possible that your capabilities will allow you to start building an entire residential complex with a bathhouse and a garage.

Now you need to choose a project that can be found on the Internet. But do not forget that in a house made of timber, partitions are rarely made according to frame technology. So it’s worth choosing projects with room layouts.

The situation is simpler in the case of ordering the construction of a turnkey house from timber. You can choose one of the standard projects and adjust it as you wish. At this stage you will be able to estimate how much your new home will cost. Most projects on the Internet are listed with turnkey construction costs. You can easily calculate how much money you need to build a house from timber with your own hands. You only need to deduct approximately 30% from the turnkey project cost.

Selection of material for construction

If almost everything is clear with the type of wood, then with the profile of the timber it is not so simple. Pine and spruce are the most common materials for making construction timber. Often the first crowns can be made from larch or aspen. Don't be surprised by the application hardwood. Aspen under the influence of environmental conditions without additional protection becomes much stronger and more durable than pine.

Why aren’t entire log houses made from aspen? It is very difficult to find aspen lumber of proper quality with a seed origin of the trunk and the absence of heart rot (up to 80% of aspen trunks are affected by this defect).

There are several options for timber. Let's look at each of them.

Sawn timber

The cheapest material is regular edged timber natural humidity. Its production does not require high-precision equipment, so there are plenty of suppliers of such material in any region. Typically, timber with a cross section of 150x150 or 100x150 mm is used.

Don't be under any illusions about the final cost of your home. Most likely, it will be only slightly lower than the cost of high-quality profiled timber.

Why does the price rise:

• assembly of a log house from edged timber requires the use of inter-crown seals (profiled or glued beams do not require them due to the special design of the locks);
• after shrinkage, you will need to caulk the crowns 1 or 2 times;
• Due to natural moisture, timber exhibits significant cracks; such a house will require finishing both inside and outside.

All these materials and work will cost you a pretty penny. It should also be noted that it is difficult to store this material at the construction site. The timber should be folded on pads for ventilation and protected from precipitation. It’s good if the manufacturer took care of impregnation with an antiseptic. If not, then you need to treat the timber with an antiseptic until it turns blue or black to prevent insects from infecting the wood.

Another significant disadvantage of this material is the production of bowls during the assembly process or assembly without bowls at all (the timber overlaps from row to row). Inaccuracy in these works and loose fit leads to the formation of cold bridges.

Profiled timber

This is a specially milled timber of natural humidity or chamber drying, made of massive timber. It has design feature– the presence of a tenon and a groove (or several tenons or grooves - the so-called comb) on the upper and lower plane. Profiled timber can be supplied in two versions:

• moldings - beams are supplied 6 meters long without bowls;
• the timber is cut according to the design with the bowls and window openings cut down.

Of course, the first option is cheaper, but in this case you get the same disadvantage as sawn timber - handmade bowls lead to airing of the house in the corners.

Most manufacturers of profiled timber have special computer programs, which calculate and cut the material both according to their standard designs and those provided by the customer.

The undoubted advantage of chamber-drying timber is the slight shrinkage of the finished building and the absence of cracks.

Glued laminated timber

The same profiled timber, except that it is made by gluing together several boards. Glued laminated timber is rarely produced as moldings due to the high cost of the material. All elements are manufactured and labeled in accordance with the project.

The main advantage of this material is the absence of shrinkage finished houses. Glued laminated timber best preserves its geometry and has increased strength along its length, which makes it possible to implement the most daring projects.

The turnkey cost is the most expensive in its segment, but this is more than compensated by the quality of the material and its durability.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

The walls of a house made of laminated veneer lumber do not need finishing due to the absence of cracks. In addition, the installation of windows and doors and interior decoration can begin immediately after the house is under the roof.

Double beam

Relatively young construction technology. Simply put, construction from double timber involves the construction of strictly parallel walls from a specially milled board with a tongue and groove. The gap between the walls is filled with insulation (ecowool or mineral wool). The material used is chamber drying. The construction of walls is a rather complex process, although it seems similar to construction from profiled timber. It is better to entrust the construction of such a house (at least the walls) to the specialists of the manufacturing company in order to avoid problems during the operation of the house.

Construction of the foundation

This is the most important stage construction. The foundation is the basis for the reliability and durability of any structure. The construction of the foundation must begin with a soil survey. It is also necessary to assess the load on the foundation. For construction one-story houses from timber 6 by 6 or 6 by 8 are usually used columnar foundation or screw piles. For more massive structures (8 by 8, houses with attics or two-story houses) a shallow strip foundation is installed or. In difficult ground conditions it may be recommended slab foundation(used when there is only one possible option).

Installation of Mauerlat and floor joists

The lower frame is usually the first crown of the frame. The logs are cut into the timber or secured using special steel supports. Installation of first floor beams is no different from similar designs in any wooden house construction. The rough flooring is installed. Floors are insulated with any of the selected materials. Typically, this work is carried out after the house is under roof.

Walling

Profiled or glued do not have any special features. The construction is assembled row by row in accordance with the technological map. No additional sealing between the rims is required. The beam is finally compacted under its own weight.

Working with mini beams ( double beam) requires compliance with several rules, but in general it is similar to working with profiled timber:

• each subsequent row is tightly packed over the previous one (do not count on compaction under your own weight);
• if the wall length is more than 3.5 meters, special cuts are hammered in;
• the bowl of the subsequent perpendicular row should be exactly in the middle of the height of the previous row;
• The presence of gaps when joining mini-beams along the length is not allowed;
• strict parallelism in height between the inner and outer rows.

Violation of at least one rule leads to significant design problems, so it is better to entrust turnkey assembly to certified specialists.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Assembling a log house from sawn timber is identical to working with log houses: the rows are compacted together special materials, the height of the beam is strengthened with wooden dowels.

Roof installation

Working with different roof shapes and types of finishing roofing materials is no different from building any house. Here we can give you only one piece of advice - follow the roof construction standards. Installation of the roof is the most difficult stage. Refer to specialized literature or specialist help.

Build a house from timber - great choice. Do it yourself or trust a construction company - the decision depends on your experience and the ambition of the chosen project. Assess your strengths and skills if you build a building yourself. Evaluate the developer market in your region and choose the most responsible and trusted one if you have chosen a project from construction company. Remember one rule: there is no such thing as a too low price with the same quality.

Since ancient times, residential buildings made of wood have been considered the warmest. They create a special microclimate favorable for humans. Additional benefit such buildings – their naturalness and environmental cleanliness. Of course, building a house from a log is a task that only a master can do. But today there are many other wood materials on sale that are quickly and easily installed. For example, you can easily build houses from timber with your own hands. In our article we will describe step by step how to build such a house, and also talk about the intricacies of building a house from timber - a video of the installation process is attached.

general information

A timber house is beautiful building with an optimal microclimate and humidity inside, which are achieved due to the fact that the wood has a special structure that ensures microcirculation of air in the walls. Wooden houses are good because they are practically not hot in summer, and in winter they retain heat well.

You can build a wooden house from several types of timber:

• Glued laminated timber is an element that consists of individual wood lamellas glued together coniferous species.
• Profiled timber is made from solid wood.
• Ordinary timber.

The first two products have grooves for tight, hermetically sealed fixation of adjacent elements. Also, elements may differ in humidity:

• Dry material after chamber drying is much better and shrinks less.
• Wood with natural moisture is susceptible to shrinkage, deformation and cracking.

Important: glued and profiled timber is the most popular. Products may have a square or rectangular section. And the tongue-and-groove system makes installation easier.

That is why the construction of houses made of timber is most often carried out using one of these two materials, because you can build such a house with your own hands. In addition, a house built from of this material, does not require external or internal finishing. Assembling a house from timber is quick and easy thanks to the presence of a factory diagram, and standard projects such buildings are easy to find on the Internet. So that you have an idea of ​​how to properly build a house from timber, we offer detailed video material.

Foundation

Building a house from timber with your own hands should begin with the construction of a foundation. Since a building made of wood has light weight, you can lay a lightweight foundation. Yes, you can choose following types grounds:

1. If the house will be built with a basement or cellar, then it is better to use a monolithic strip foundation. For construction without a basement, it is better to use a shallow-depth tape.
2. You can also build a house from timber on a pile-screw foundation with a grillage. This type of construction is more suitable for wet, loose and silty soils.
3. Sometimes used as a base columnar structure. The pillars are made of concrete blocks and installed in 1.5 m increments.
4. In some cases the best option There will be a monolithic slab foundation. In this case, you do not need to spend money on arranging the floor.

Since strip foundations are most often used, let us consider the sequence of its implementation in detail:

1. First of all, the site is prepared and the future structure is marked.
2. Next, under all external and internal load-bearing walls, a trench is dug 10 cm wider than the thickness of the walls.
3. A sand and gravel cushion 15 cm high is made at the bottom of the trench. The sand is moistened with water and compacted.
4. Installation in progress wooden formwork.
5. After this, concrete is poured in a layer 5 cm high.
6. A reinforcement cage is installed in the formwork so that it does not approach the formwork structure itself by more than 5 cm.
7. The concrete solution is poured and compacted.
8. During the hardening process, the concrete is moistened with water and covered with a film.
9. After 28 days you can begin installing the walls.

Installation of walls and floors

You can easily understand how to build a house from timber with your own hands, with our step-by-step guide. Before laying the first row of beams it is necessary to carry out horizontal waterproofing foundation. To do this, its surface is covered with two layers of roofing material on bitumen mastic.

You can make your own house from 150 mm thick timber if construction is carried out in warm regions of our country. Otherwise, it is better to take timber 200 mm thick. Under the first crown it is necessary to lay a lining board 50 mm thick. It is better to use a board made of larch wood.

Important: the backing board and the first crown are treated with fire retardants and antiseptics before installation.

1. Regardless of the method of laying the remaining crowns, the first crown is mounted in a “half-tree”. Gusset in this case, it can be done in a “half-tree”, with the help of a root spike, end-to-end.
2. After installing the first and second crowns, they begin to install the logs for arranging the floor. If the basement of the house allows it, then the logs can be laid on it. Otherwise they will crash into the first crown. The lag pitch is 40-70 cm. The larger the pitch, the greater the thickness of the subfloor boards (25-40 mm).
3. Then, cranial bars are attached to the sides of the joists, on which the knurling boards are laid.
4. Next comes a layer of waterproofing. It should go around the logs themselves.
5. After this, the gaps between the joists are laid on the boards and waterproofing. thermal insulation material.
6. After this, the entire structure is covered with a layer of vapor barrier.
7. The subfloor is being installed.

Nuances of wall installation:

• The next crown is laid after tape insulation, tow, or linen has been laid on the surface of the previous element. The insulation is fixed with a stapler.
• The beams are fastened together with wooden dowels. To do this, holes are drilled in the beams in increments of 1.5 m: the upper beam is drilled through, and the bottom – halfway. A dowel is driven into the holes and recessed 1 cm deep.
• During the process of laying timber in window and doorways temporary supports are installed. They are made from edged boards according to the size of the openings.
• Installation of internal partitions is carried out only after the construction of the box. They crash into solid walls.

If the house has a second floor, we build a house from timber with our own hands in the following sequence:

1. After completing the walls of the first floor, we make slots in the last crown for laying the floor beams. Additionally, we fix the beams using steel corners. The beam spacing is 70 cm.
2. Laying the subfloor.
3. We line the bottom of the beam with clapboard. This will give us the ceiling of the first floor.
4. Next, we install the walls in the same way as the first floor.

Construction of the roof of the house

Even if the houses are made of timber - construction seasonal residence, the roof installation process should be given maximum attention. Most often, wooden houses are made of gable or broken roofs. If you choose the gable option, you can arrange comfortable attic, which can serve as a living space.

Will be used as a Mauerlat the last crown. The roof is installed in the following sequence:

1. The easiest way to collect pairs rafter legs on the ground. By connecting them with puffs, we get a rigid structure, like a truss, which can be easily installed on the roof.
2. First, we install the two outer pairs of rafter legs. That is, we will get two pediments.
3. Next, we connect them with a ridge beam.
4. Now you can install all subsequent rafter pairs. We take their step to be 90 cm.
5. We spread a vapor barrier over the surface of the rafters. We fasten it with a stapler and additionally fix it with counter slats, which we stuff onto the rafters.
6. We fill the sheathing across the direction of laying the counter battens. The sheathing pitch is 40 cm. If the covering is made of soft roll material, then we execute continuous sheathing from OSB.
7. Now you can proceed to laying the selected roofing covering.

The roof needs to be thoroughly insulated from the inside. To do this, we place heat-insulating material (mineral wool) in the gaps between the joists. We cover the entire structure from below with a vapor barrier membrane. Now you can line the attic ceiling with clapboard.

Further work

If the house was built from laminated veneer lumber, then the installation of windows and doors, as well as finishing, can begin immediately. When installing from other materials, you need to wait 3-6 months, during which the house will shrink, and only then begin further work.

After shrinkage, all cracks and cracks formed on the walls must be sealed with mastic or caulked. Now you can start installation window frames and door blocks. In a house made of profiled and laminated timber there is no need to finish it, since the walls already look beautiful. If the walls are made of ordinary timber, then they should be sanded, painted or varnished. External surface The walls of a house made of ordinary timber also need finishing. It can be made from different building materials - lining, vinyl siding, bricks, etc.

Care

In order for a house made of timber to last as long as possible, it must be properly cared for:

• Once every 3-4 years protective covering wood needs to be renewed.
• To avoid rotting of the walls, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the foundation. It should not be flooded by surface or groundwater.

DIY timber house - video:

When choosing technology and material for building a house, many owners prefer houses made of timber. This decision is due to several positive aspects, including the ability to carry out everything independently necessary work. Let's consider how to build houses from timber with your own hands so that the end result is a beautiful and reliable building.

The choice of suitable quality wood is the first and one of the most important aspects that determines the success of construction. And since wood, like any other material, has its own characteristics and advantages, it is worth taking a responsible approach to its selection and purchase.

The first characteristics that you should pay attention to when choosing wood are its density and strength. This indicator is different for different types of wood, and there are even some that are in no way inferior to metal. Therefore, during the selection process, it is important to pay attention to this, since even a small house made of timber must be built in such a way as to withstand heavy loads without problems.

Here are the basic requirements that a good log house must meet:

• walls must be strong, reliable and durable;
• the level of heat and noise insulation must be sufficiently high;
• the project must be designed in such a way that loads do not provoke subsidence and deformation of the walls.

If you decide to build a house from timber, then achieving these indicators is more than realistic. And, nevertheless, you still have to put up with some of the shortcomings of wood. For example, timber has extremely low level fire safety. In addition, it tends to react negatively to precipitation, partially deforming as a result of its impact.

Important! The process of sedimentary deformation is especially relevant for the first few years of operation of the house. In the future, if this is observed, it will be to a much lesser extent.

It is best to build a house from timber from coniferous trees. Thus, you will receive several advantages at once: the service life of such timber is quite long, while it is extremely resistant to rotting processes, has a low weight, which has a positive effect on the foundation and does not crack over time.

So the choice suitable material- no less important question than compliance with the prescribed construction technology. During the purchasing process, you should pay attention to the quality of the purchased wood, choosing only best material, which can last for many years.

Do-it-yourself timber house: which is better, solid, glued or profiled timber?

There are two types of timber: solid and profiled. Both options are used for building houses, but in order to make a choice in favor of the most suitable option, it is worth considering the advantages and disadvantages of both.

Construction of a wooden house from profiled timber: advantages and disadvantages

If profiled timber is used for construction, a profile will be required. IN in this case these can be tenons or crown grooves. With their help, the timber is fastened along its entire length, after which it is polished. Typically, timber for construction is sold in a completely finished form, so the owner can only assemble the structure from the provided elements. Here are the advantages of this solution:

• The resistance to deformation of such buildings is extremely high;
• With this technology, costs are significantly reduced;

• the technology for building such a house is somewhat simpler than in all other cases;
• the surface of the walls is smooth, which eliminates the need for additional sheathing;
• Rain and melt water will not collect inside the walls, so the level of protection against rot can also be called quite high.

Important! In the process of producing high-quality profiled timber, certain calculations are made that help prevent precipitation from getting into the crown joints.

The clear and beautiful shape of the material allows you to quickly and efficiently carry out all the necessary construction works. In addition, such houses are characterized high level thermal insulation and have an attractive appearance.

Once a profiled home is settled, there is no need to waste time and effort caulking the walls. The natural wind protection of the walls of such a house will be quite sufficient, and the thermal insulation is also quite decent due to high density crown connections.

Of course, like any other material, profiled timber also has its drawbacks. For example, it does not tolerate any atmospheric influences well. In addition, the material ignites extremely easily and actively supports combustion. In order to somehow reduce these negative factors, the wood must be treated with a special protective impregnation.

Important! Due to exposure to natural atmospheric humidity in warm weather, timber cracks quite often. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look for a material whose humidity was initially reduced to no less than 20%. They do this by resorting to chamber drying technology.

Another important aspect– the thickness of walls made of profiled timber is not enough for comfortable stay in the rather harsh climate of our country. Therefore, it is best to resort to additional external insulation.

Construction of a wooden house from timber: advantages of using solid timber

Of course, it is worth paying attention to the construction of houses from solid timber. Despite the fact that its appearance is significantly inferior to the first option, it is used quite widely in construction and has some advantages. One of the main ones is cost. Another important factor is that during the preparation of wood, its natural moisture content is preserved, which significantly reduces the duration preparatory stage and eliminates the need for a number of additional activities.

Buying solid timber is somewhat easier than any other type, since the production of this material takes significantly less time. In addition, in order to build a high-quality house from timber, the use of special equipment is not required.

But this solution also has its drawbacks:

• The surface of the walls will definitely require serious finishing work, which will increase costs. Most often, such houses are sheathed with siding or clapboard;
• there is still a danger of acquiring poor quality material due to inexperience;

• solid timber is susceptible to fungus, since no special drying procedure is provided. This can be partly solved with the help of special impregnations, but this will also entail costs;
• Due to the roof joints, such a house is blown quite heavily. Therefore, you will have to think about high-quality thermal insulation in any case;
• Very often, after shrinkage, cracks appear in the wood.

Features of building houses from laminated veneer lumber

Turnkey houses made of laminated veneer lumber are not uncommon today. This wood product is very actively used in construction and is quite suitable for independent implementation of the project. One of the main advantages of this solution is that the frame of the house is built quite quickly. The walls are extremely durable and can withstand heavy loads.

Thanks to a special production technology, you don’t have to worry that the laminated timber will crack or deform under the weight of the roof, due to the fact that the fibers of the lamellas are directed towards different sides. Glued laminated timber can be called environmentally friendly pure material. True, there is one subtlety here - during production, it is important how high-quality the adhesive composition was used, since it is its components that can have Negative influence on the health of people living in the house. That is why the price of a house made of laminated veneer lumber should not be too low.

Glued laminated timber resists fire better than all other similar materials. For such a house to catch fire, it will take approximately 10 minutes of continuous exposure to open fire. This type of timber is also resistant to rotting and mold.

Interesting! Insects do not live in walls made of glued beams, since each part is thoroughly dried and held together very tightly. For the same reason it does not get inside rainwater and snow.

Main stages and important nuances building a house. Budget projects based various materials and the right ways to save.

Taking into account the price of building houses from laminated veneer lumber, before starting construction it is useful to pay attention to what the owners of such buildings say, because only they can provide the most truthful information about the quality and practicality of using such houses.

“We contacted a company that builds houses from laminated veneer lumber on a turnkey basis. The construction itself took approximately 1.5 months. This is our second year living here and we have already survived one winter. I can say that the house is very comfortable. The heat is retained well, and there are no problems with the wind blowing.”

Vyacheslav, Yaroslavl

“It’s not surprising that the cost of a house made of laminated veneer lumber is the highest. While I was studying the options, I read many times that this is the most the best option. That's why I built one for myself. In general, wooden houses made of laminated veneer lumber are like good designer“: it’s extremely easy to work, pleasant and everything is very fast.”

Yuri, Krasnodar

Wooden houses made of timber: preparation for independent construction

Having decided which type of timber is most suitable for building your home, you can move on to preparatory work and procurement of materials. The easiest way is to order a beam of the required size. Then all that remains to be done is to put it in a box according to the instructions from the manufacturer.

During the preparation process, be sure to ensure that the wood used is of the proper quality. If large cracks are detected (especially through ones), the element must be replaced. It is also necessary to inspect for traces of insects. In addition, we should not forget about the importance of treating the material with antiseptic agents.

In order to carry out all the necessary work on constructing a structure yourself, you will need a set of tools, which must include:

• electric or gasoline saw;
• building level;
• electric drill;
• yardstick;
• perforator;
• axe;
• hammer;
• electric screwdriver;
• nails, screws and other fasteners.

It is equally important to have a drawing of a house made of timber. In the process of compilation detailed plan all must be carried out necessary calculations. And although all this can be done independently, many prefer to turn to specialists to eliminate the risk of an error that could lead to serious consequences.

On what foundation should you build a house made of timber: rules for choosing

Having prepared all the necessary drawings and materials, you can begin laying the foundation of the future house. And in order to choose the most suitable one in specific case type of base, it is worth taking into account the following factors:

• characteristics of the soil available on the site;
• calculations that allow you to determine the expected load on the foundation;
• other design features of the house.

Both wood and wood can be used as a base. concrete foundation. Moreover, they often resort to the second option, laying a brick plinth on top, and then laying timber walls on top. Although wooden base is also quite acceptable.

Construction timber house can be produced on a columnar foundation, as well as on a strip foundation. They also resort to both deep and shallow foundations. But given the small final weight of the structure, usually the base is not made too large. Most often, 50-70 cm is enough for the house to stand securely.

How to build one-story houses from timber: step-by-step instructions for building walls

Building a house from timber with your own hands without construction experience is actually not such a bad idea as it might seem at first glance. It is quite possible to do the installation yourself, especially if you decide on the assembly technology in advance. The walls themselves are laid out in rows, simply laying the next layer on top of the previous one until the wall reaches the desired size.

The fit of the logs to each other is ensured by special grooves. But these places must be additionally insulated to prevent heat loss. And in order to increase the strength of the walls, it is recommended to additionally fasten the beams together using special spikes.

There will be a minimum amount of hassle if you use untreated pine timber, since due to its low weight, laying out can be done manually, without using special equipment.

When erecting timber walls yourself, it is worth remembering two basic rules:

• all seams must be caulked to reduce the wind flow of the walls;
• After the walls are laid, they must be opened with a special compound that will give them additional strength and fire resistance.

Otherwise, anyone can build one-story houses from timber: glued, solid or profiled. A simple but effective technology will make the structure durable and reliable.

How to build a house from timber: features of roof and floor installation

In an attempt to save money on building a house made of timber, many make the common mistake of not paying due attention to the quality of the roof. Cheap materials, such as ondulin, are often used for it. Doing this is strictly not recommended, since the roof is, first of all, safety.

Depending on the capabilities, as well as the individual preferences of the developer, the roof can have the most different kind. It depends on the type of roofing and rafter system. But in any case, each site should be equipped using boards various sizes, for example, if elements of 150x40 mm were chosen for the rafters, then for racks and braces you need to take 100x40 mm.

As for the features of floor arrangement, the main factor here is the choice of the home owners. The main thing is to take care of the proper level of heat and waterproofing so that the coating does not soon become unusable. The same applies to ceiling installation.

Important! If the house has a basement or basement, it is worth paying attention to the issue of waterproofing it. In this case, it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing material before leveling or pouring the screed.

In order to ensure the proper level of waterproofing in a wooden house, the following materials can be used:

• waterproofing in rolls;
• coating materials;
• filling systems;
• penetrating moisture protection.

Of course, houses made of timber require investments for permanent residence, but it is better to immediately take care of having a high-quality foundation and roof, so that in the future you will not have to correct the consequences of mistakes made. The same applies to all materials for thermal and waterproofing.

Features of finishing a house made of timber: photo examples

Having understood the features of the technology for constructing houses from timber, it is worth paying attention to some nuances finishing. First of all, work is carried out on the installation of interior partitions, windows and doors. After this, the subfloor, insulation and finishing coat. Be sure to finish the ceiling.

Important! All work on laying communications (water supply, energy supply and heating) must be completed before the start of finishing work.

As for the exterior decoration, there are many options: you can leave everything as is to timber house looked as natural as possible. But in this case, you should make sure that the timber you use looks attractive enough for this. Another option is to cover the walls using siding and then paint it. Lining and other similar materials are used in the same way.

Turnkey timber houses: examples, projects, prices and descriptions

Despite the simplicity of the technology, not every site owner wants to bother with building a house on their own. Therefore there are special companies ready to build a house from timber on a turnkey basis, implementing one of the standard ones or yours personal project. Let's consider what the best construction companies are ready to offer their clients.

Turnkey house made of profiled timber from the DomaTo company

The first standard project of a turnkey timber house, the price and quality of which will pleasantly please the customer, is called D1. It occupies an area of ​​7x9 m, and its total area is just over 125 m². Such dimensions allow the whole family to comfortably accommodate.

This house is made of timber with an attic, that is, in fact it has 1.5 floors. In addition, the plan includes a spacious terrace, as well as a spacious balcony on the top floor of the house. IN summer time year, this territory is simply irreplaceable for recreation.

Let's take a closer look specifications and features of this structure:

• Initially, the project provides for a columnar foundation, but if desired, the company’s specialists are ready to individually calculate a strip or pile-screw foundation for your home;

• the strapping is made of 100x150 mm timber. Elements of the same size are placed as floor joists, in increments of 90-100 cm;
• for the walls of the first floor, profiled timber 95 (145 or 190) mm by 145 mm on jute fabric is used. Interior partitions made of timber 95x145 mm;
• the walls of the second floor are profiled timber 95x145 mm;
• The windows are provided with double glazing. All accessories are also included. The entrance door is metal, without fittings;
• for rafters, boards of 40x100 or 150 mm are used, maintaining a pitch of no more than 90 cm;
• the roof of the house is ondulin (you can choose the color: brown, red or green);
• the height of both the first and second floors is 2.5 m. Lining is used for lining the ceilings;
• The staircase to the second floor is wooden and can be either single or double flight.

The exact cost of building a turnkey timber house will be calculated individually by the company’s specialists, taking into account many factors, including the individual wishes of clients. The only thing that can be stated with complete certainty is the cost of materials that this company offers:

• timber 100x150 mm – 744 rubles;
• timber 150x150 mm – 806 rub.;
• timber 150x200 mm – 898 rub.

We can say with confidence that the construction of turnkey houses from timber may not be the most cheap option, but more than justifies itself, since it saves you from having to do everything yourself.

Helpful advice! Before you finally decide on the company that will build your house, it is advisable to talk with specialists from several companies. You can order free construction cost estimates from them, and then choose the most profitable one for yourself.

To summarize, we can say that a house made of timber is great idea, which is actually not that difficult to implement. Almost all the necessary work, if desired, can be carried out independently. You can also contact one of the companies that specializes in this issue and can quickly and efficiently build a turnkey house from laminated veneer lumber.

“Woodstyle” - a house made of laminated veneer lumber: photos, description, reviews, cost

You can consider in more detail the question of how much it costs to build a house from timber using the example of this model. The construction company advertises the cost from 1,303,170 rubles. At the same time, the total area of ​​the house is 118.37 m² (9.7x9.3 m).

So, given price houses made of laminated veneer lumber from the manufacturer "Kedr" includes the following types of work:

• laying the foundation;
• construction of walls made of laminated veneer lumber 2.7 m high. The assembly technology involves the use of wooden dowels, which are located at a distance of 1.5 m. In addition, a 5-mm flax-jute fabric is laid between the crowns. All surfaces must be treated protective composition;
• For floors, a waterproofing material is used - hydroglass insulation;
• to cover between floors, beams of 50x200 mm are used;
• For attic floor use timber 50x150 mm;
• rafters – timber 50x200 mm. made from edged boards 25x100, the pitch of which is 25 cm. As roofing material applies .

Interesting! This company offers its clients an interesting service - weekly photo reports on the work done by email. This allows you to observe the process without wasting time traveling to the construction site.

Turnkey one-story timber houses: project OD-7 8x12

As an example one-story house Let's consider the project proposed by the Domabrus company. The price of building a house from timber in this case directly depends on the thickness of the material used. Customers are offered three options to choose from:

• timber 100x150 mm – 720,000 rubles;
• timber 150x150 mm – 806,000 rubles;
• timber 200x150 mm – 900,000 rubles.

Initially, a support-column foundation is provided, however, it is possible to replace it with a pile-screw foundation for an additional fee. For tying, timber of natural humidity 150x150 mm is used for the 1st row and 150-100 mm for the 2nd row. The floor joists are made of 50x150 mm timber in increments of 60 to 70 cm.

The material used for the walls is timber of natural humidity 90x140 mm along with jute insulation, the thickness of which is 4 mm. For partitions, the same timber is used, but without insulation. The log house is assembled on wooden birch dowels.

For the ceiling, take a beam of 50x100 mm in increments of 60-70 cm, and then additionally hem Eurolining of category “B” and roll insulation, which provides the proper level of thermal insulation. Vapor barrier material laid on both sides. Usually "Nanoizol" or its analogues are used.

Rafters – timber 50x100 mm, located at a distance of 800 mm. “Ondulin” is used as a roofing material in one of three colors: brown, cherry or green. The 30-centimeter overhang is hemmed with clapboard.

The windows in the house are wooden, with double glazing, as well as all the necessary fittings. In addition, solid interior doors are also installed.

Helpful advice! If you are in no hurry to move, you can order a house made of timber for shrinkage. In this case, the structure must stand for 6-12 months without finishing materials.

Finnish houses made of laminated veneer lumber: what is it and how do they differ from the rest

Interested in the question of how to build a house from timber, every reader will certainly come across the wording “ Finnish house from timber." Let's look at what it is and what advantages these buildings have.

These houses got their name thanks to a Finnish company that produced laminated veneer lumber of excellent quality. Thanks to the latest technologies, as well as considerable experience in this field, their products have won a leading position in the market, which was the reason for the appearance of this name.

What advantages do they have in comparison with their Russian counterparts and why do many prefer them? The answer is extremely simple - it all depends on the quality of the raw materials used. Of course, the market situation is constantly changing, and today many domestic companies They are quite capable of competing with the Finns, but the reputation of the latter still keeps them in the forefront.

The price of a house made of timber, built using Finnish technology, is determined by many factors and aspects. This includes the materials used, as well as the size and complexity of the structure. All this can be calculated in advance by drawing up detailed project and estimate.

What secret does laminated timber keep? Finnish production? Historically, in the post-war years, Finnish producers abandoned the use of trees that grew on their own. For this purpose, areas throughout the country were specially planted. The same growing conditions and care did their job, and almost all the trees were the same size and shape, which significantly increased the quality of the laminated veneer lumber that was made from them.

Interesting! To date Finnish houses have extremely little in common with Finland, and in fact this phrase practically means just profiled timber made using special technology.

It is important to understand that the price of building houses from this type of timber is almost never low, and is usually at least 2 times higher than its Russian counterparts. This is due to many factors, including careful product quality control, as well as our own unique manufacturing technology.

Rules for caring for a house made of timber: how to extend the life of a wooden house

Looking through the options for houses made of timber: photos, prices and characteristics, many wonder what needs to be done to make the structure last as long as possible. Let's consider the recommendations of experts on how to properly care for a wooden house and what can be done for each of its component parts:

1. The roof of a timber house requires additional protection from moisture, since it is this that leads to the destruction of the structure. To avoid this, external roof covering must be complete and of high quality, and technical inspection must be carried out at least 2 times a year. You also need to regularly clean the roof of dry leaves, moss, lichens, etc. Otherwise, moisture may accumulate there. It is extremely important to prevent scratches on the surface, since even seemingly minor defects can cause a serious reduction in the performance of the roof.
2. The walls of a house made of timber also require maintenance, which should be reflected in regular treatment with a protective composition that prevents the appearance of fungus and mold. Most problem area joints are considered, so more attention must be paid to their inspection and processing. It will also be extremely useful to treat the surface with fire retardants, which will prevent combustion and protect the house in the event of a fire.
3. Oddly enough, windows and window openings of a wooden house also require careful maintenance. So, in order to prevent rotting processes, it is necessary to apply to them several times during the year. special compounds in the following order: antiseptic, primer, water-dispersion paint.

If you pay regularly wooden house proper attention, you can be sure that it will serve well for many years, without succumbing to the destructive effects of external factors.

How to build a house from timber yourself: video instructions for beginners

Since the price of a turnkey prefabricated timber house is often quite high for buyers, many prefer to carry out the installation themselves. And in order to avoid common mistakes in this case, it is worth watching the training video. Building a house from timber is a task that is feasible for everyone. You just need to listen to some tips and recommendations.

At all times, wooden houses were considered the warmest and most environmentally friendly. They have high heat and sound insulation properties. If earlier wooden houses were built from logs, then modern ones can be built from ordinary, glued or profiled timber.

A house built from timber has a beautiful and rich appearance, and inside it creates an atmosphere of warmth and comfort. It is very easy to breathe in it, as wood has good air permeability.

The timber differs in manufacturing technology (glued and solid wood), humidity (dry and natural humidity), and profile. The most popular are profile and laminated timber. They have a rectangular or square cross-section.

The profile beam has a certain profile and resembles a log. Its bottom and top sides are machined so that they fit snugly where they meet. Glued laminated timber has all straight sides.

It must be remembered that during use the wood cracks and shrinks.

Glued laminated timber does not have this drawback, since it consists of pre-processed boards glued together with a special glue. Due to the fact that the beam has a rectangular or square shape in cross-section, it is convenient to lay it. The tongue-and-groove fastening system in profiled timber simplifies installation.

Therefore, even a person who has only a little construction experience can build a house from timber with his own hands. In addition, it is easy to do interior and exterior decoration, since geometrically correct form allows you to obtain smooth surfaces.

Any material can be used for cladding. Thanks to the tight fit of the timber, the formation of cold bridges is eliminated.

Foundation structure

Like any permanent structure, a house made of timber needs a foundation. The foundation is the foundation of the house and the service life of the entire structure depends on its quality.

The most suitable for a wooden house is a strip foundation, especially if it is planned to build a basement or cellar under the house.

It is able to withstand significant loads and does not require special equipment during construction. For silty, wet and loose soils, it is better to build a pile-grillage foundation.

It is different from strip foundation When installing concrete piles in trenches, you can use asbestos pipes as piles. A solid foundation made of a concrete slab is possible, in which case it acts as a subfloor.

Let's consider the step-by-step construction of the most popular strip foundation with your own hands. First of all, the marking of the future house is carried out: location external walls and load-bearing internal ones.

To do this, pegs are driven in at the corners and load-bearing walls and the fishing line is pulled. After tensioning the line, you need to measure the diagonals, they should be the same. According to the markings, trenches are dug, the width of which should exceed the thickness of the walls by 10 centimeters.

The depth of the trenches should be below the soil freezing level, but not less than 60 centimeters. At this stage, a pit is dug according to the dimensions of the future basement or cellar pit. The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of sand and gravel or crushed stone, 10 centimeters each. In order for the sand to be better compacted, it must be moistened. Concrete 5 centimeters thick is poured on top of these layers.

At the next stage, do-it-yourself installation of wooden formwork from 20 mm thick boards is carried out. When installing formwork, spacers are placed inside for strength, and with external parties it is supported by support boards.

The rods are laid along and across the trench, tying the intersections with wire. After reinforcement, concrete solution is poured. When pouring concrete, to avoid the formation of air bubbles in it, you should use a cement vibrator or compact it manually.

When concrete hardens, it must be constantly moistened so that it does not crack during hardening. According to standards, concrete must harden for at least 28 days.

After the foundation has completely hardened, you can begin building the walls.

If you understand that you cannot handle the construction on your own, then you can contact the company and order a house according to your or your project. For example, look at these options for houses made of pine, they are quite well designed, and the company’s experience and quality of materials are not in doubt among the professional community.

Watch our video collection on the topic:

Construction of walls and laying floors

Before you start laying the first crown along the entire perimeter of the base, you need to lay a waterproofing layer over two layers of roofing material. This layer will protect the walls from moisture penetration.

The layers should be laid in the following sequence: a layer of bitumen, a layer of roofing felt, then again a layer of bitumen and a layer of roofing felt. The width of the insulation should exceed the foundation by 30 cm. Then the construction of the walls begins. Timber is taken for the walls depending on climatic conditions. If frosts do not drop more than 30 degrees, then timber about 150 mm thick is taken. Otherwise, the timber is taken thicker. On bottom trim

the main load is carried out, so it is advisable to place a backing board made of larch 5 cm thick under the first crown.

It is needed so that in the future, if repairs are required, not the entire lower crown is replaced, but only the wedding board. Boards and all timber should be thoroughly treated with an antiseptic to protect against rotting and harmful insects

The first crown is laid halfway across the tree, regardless of how subsequent crowns are laid. There are three corner connection methods:

• end to end;
• half a tree;
• using a root spike.

After the first or second crown, floor logs are laid. If the base allows, then the logs are laid on it; if not, then they crash into the first crown. The rigidity of the structure is ensured by the joists and the finished floor.

Therefore, the thickness of the finished floor depends on the distance between the joists. The smaller the distance between the joists, the thinner the finished floor can be.

For example, with a distance between the joists of 40-70 cm, a floor with a thickness of 25-40 mm is laid. The logs must be laid strictly horizontally. A subfloor made of unedged boards.

A layer of waterproofing, a layer of insulation, a layer of vapor barrier are laid successively on top of the subfloor, and finally the finishing floor is laid.

In the future, each new crown is laid after the previous one is installed. Insulation is laid between the beams: jute, tow or flax. It is better to use tape insulation of a suitable length, which is secured with a stapler.

The gasket eliminates the formation of cold bridges, prevents condensation from collecting and mold from forming. This allows you to extend the life of the house. The crowns are fastened together using vertical pins - dowels. They prevent the beam from twisting and moving.

Pins can be wooden or metal. Metal ones are more reliable, but they are more expensive. Install the dowels in increments of one and a half meters. They usually pass through 2-3 crowns, holes 3-4 cm in diameter are drilled in a checkerboard pattern.

When laying timber, it is necessary to install window and door frames, cutting the timber to the appropriate length. The boxes are attached to the timber with nails.

If there are no boxes, then temporary risers are installed from unedged boards the size of the future window frames. Internal partitions are made only after the construction of the log house and are cut into the main walls.

If under construction two-storey house, the dimensions of which are more than 6x6 meters, then at least one partition must be installed on the first floor, which will act as an additional support for the floor on the second floor.

After the first floor of the house is laid out with your own hands, the second floor is covered and the construction of the log house continues.

The ceiling acts as a subfloor on the second floor. Waterproofing on the second floor is not needed. The insulation layer is made for best warmth and soundproofing of the floor. On construction market offered wide choose floor coverings:

• parquet board;
• linoleum;
• laminate;
• tile;
• carpeting, etc.

Any covering is suitable for a house made of timber; it is important that it is in harmony with the interior of the room and matches the overall design of the rooms.

Roof installation

After the walls are erected, the construction of the roof begins. Roofs can be single-pitched, gable, broken, cross, hipped and others. The most popular are gable and broken.

Due to their simplicity, they can be easily installed with your own hands. In addition, the design of these roofs allows the construction of an attic.

Roof installation consists of the following steps:

• installation of the rafter system;
• installation of a waterproofing layer;
• installation of a thermal insulation layer;
• laying roofing material.

The basis of the roof is the ceiling. It must be durable and reliable. For its device are used ceiling beams. They are laid in increments of at least one meter. When laying beams, you must use a level to achieve a general plane and perfect horizontality.

Then, using rafters, the structure of the future roof is mounted. It is rigidly fixed using crossbars, spacers and racks. First, a frame of rafters is installed, which are laid at a distance of one meter from each other. Then the fronts are laid out with timber or boards.

On last stage The rafters are covered with lathing in increments of at least 40 cm. Next, a waterproofing and thermal insulation layer is installed.

When the roof frame is ready and all layers have been laid, you can begin to lay the roof. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the house from precipitation and external mechanical influences, but it must also be in harmony with appearance the whole house.

The most popular types of roofing materials are metal tiles, slate, ondulin and corrugated sheets. The cheapest roofing option is to lay roofing material on the sheathing and cover it with slate sheets on top.

Care and finishing work

If you build a house with your own hands from laminated veneer lumber, then immediately after its construction you can begin finishing works. According to the rules, it takes about two years for a wooden house to shrink. During this time the tree adapts to climatic conditions where the house is located.

During this period, it is important to ventilate the room all the time to allow it to dry thoroughly and prevent rotting. After shrinkage, all cracks and cracks that appear on the walls must be sealed using a special mastic and constantly covered up as they appear in the future.

After the log house has shrunk, windows and doors are installed and you can begin to decorate it internally and externally. Houses made of profiled timber do not need finishing; they are beautiful in themselves.

In other cases external finishing involves painting or covering the entire facade facing materials. Interior decoration consists of finishing the ceiling and walls.

If finances allow or it is not possible to build a house with your own hands, you can buy a ready-made one. Prices for such houses depend on architectural project and designs.

Their cost ranges from 7 thousand rubles to 20 thousand rubles per square meter. The more complex the project, the more expensive it is, especially if the house is built according to an individual project.

Below is a table of approximate prices for houses made of profiled timber:

Houses made of laminated veneer lumber are about one and a half to two times more expensive. This is due to more complex production technology.

So that the house lasts long years, you need to constantly look after him. Renew the protective coating regularly every 3-4 years. Monitor the condition of the foundation; it should not be flooded to avoid rotting. With proper care, a house built from timber with your own hands can become a family nest and will last for decades.

Busy lifestyle in big city makes you want to get out into nature as often as possible to breathe clean air and take a break from the bustle of the city. For a comfortable stay you need a good, well-equipped home. Having bought a plot of land in an ecologically clean area, you can build a house from timber with your own hands, providing it with individual water supply, heating and a sewerage system. In this article we will tell you how to build a house from timber without construction experience, from the foundation to the roof.

Home design

Making a heating system yourself is not difficult. Work in this direction begins after the installation of windows and doors. Choice heating systems for a private home depends on nearby centralized communication systems. The most simple option There will be a water circuit installed with parallel connection of a gas, electric and solid fuel boiler. This is a guarantee of warmth in the house under any weather conditions and disasters.

To drain wastewater, you need to install a septic tank yourself.

It is impossible to imagine life in a house without electricity. Installation electric cable, wiring and connection of lamps and household appliances It is better to entrust it to a highly qualified specialist.

When all the work is completed, you can invite your friends to a housewarming party. A self-built house has special aura. It is always cozy and warm.

Video

We invite you to see all the steps described above. Watch the video.