How to paint adobe walls. Exterior cladding of a house: materials and technologies. Fiber cement boards and siding

Adobe blocks are made exclusively from natural materials without the use of any chemicals. It is a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water, which are the main substances. A to additional ingredients, which are added if necessary, include: tyrsa, wood shavings or wood chips, sometimes fresh cow manure is used.

The walls of a house made of adobe are famous for their energy efficiency and comparative cheapness. Most owners of adobe houses appreciate the advantages of this natural building material: in the summer the house stays cool by being heated from the outside, and in the winter it stays warm by being exposed to sub-zero temperatures. Such an advantage is unlikely to be found in the properties of cinder blocks or bricks.

However, the disadvantage adobe house, as already mentioned, lies precisely in sensitivity to water and moisture, which is why it is so important to find the right solution for reliable and at the same time environmentally friendly cladding of its walls.

There are several finishing options adobe houses outside:

1. siding and composite sheathing;
2. lining a house with stone;
3. tiling;
4. plastering followed by painting facade paint;
5. “fur coat” finish.

Lovers modern trends in the exterior decoration of adobe houses, people come to the decision to use siding coverings, often forgetting about the harmfulness of some types of plastic. Typically, siding is attractive for its practicality in operation and sealed protection from moisture and dampness of the coating. Although such cladding of an adobe house is made using ventilated facade technology, plastic heated in the sun can still emit harmful substances that eat into the walls. Most people do not consider this point to be a fact, but in any case, if you compare the live natural material and synthetic - the advantage in safety for human health will still be given to environmentally friendly natural building materials.

Covering an adobe house with stone is considered an environmentally acceptable way to protect such a house from moisture, but it is not affordable for everyone. Stone often means the use of the following materials: wild stone, fake diamond, shell rock, sandstone. Stone also has a natural ability to “breathe,” allowing adobe blocks to “live and breathe” as well.

Ceramic tile cladding, although more labor-intensive to work with and less durable, is also an environmentally friendly material, just like stone. But there is one “but” - this is tile adhesive for exterior use, which can be quite toxic. Therefore, to achieve greater safety in the decoration of external adobe walls, they use cement mortars, or anchor or wire devices and fastenings.

Plastering adobe walls followed by painting is a very environmentally friendly way to cladding your home. Be sure to plaster using a special plaster mesh, which must first be fixed to fragile walls. Many people insulate walls using various insulation materials, such as special foam. Plaster is applied on top and after it dries, the walls are painted with facade paint. The environmental friendliness and durability of this coating are guaranteed!

Decorating the outside of an adobe house “like a fur coat” is also classified as in a safe way cladding. In addition, this method is considered quite economical and affordable in terms of cost of building materials for the “fur coat”. The house is also well protected from moisture, and at the same time allows the adobe material to “breathe”.

Thus, we see that four of the five proposed methods are the safest for lining and protecting the walls of an adobe house from moisture and other unwanted influences.

Adobe house built from homemade bricks, very environmentally friendly and comfortable. Thanks to the special composition of the walls (clay and grass), it is cool in summer and warm in winter. However appearance an adobe house often leaves much to be desired.

You will need: brick, cement, sand, nails, insulation, water, level, plumb line.

Instructions

• After building an adobe house, wait at least three to four years; only after several years can you start covering the walls with bricks. During this time, the adobe will dry out, shrinkage will occur, and the walls will be in the best condition.
• Inspect the foundation of the adobe house. The foundation must be strong enough to support, in addition to the weight of the house, the weight of the wall, as well as a wide ( Brick wall should be located at some distance from the adobe).
• If the foundation is narrow, unreliable or does not exist at all, make it separately for brick cladding. The width of the foundation should be 25-30 cm. In addition, raise the base - make formwork and fill it with concrete or lay it out of brick.
• To keep the amount of bricks spent on facing to a minimum, first lay out the row “dry”, taking into account doors and windows. Calculate how many bricks you will need; on average, brick consumption is 50-55 bricks per square meter.
• Make the removal of the cladding no more than 60 mm. At the same time, the distance between the adobe wall and the brick should not be too small so that the clay walls can be ventilated. Lack of ventilation will lead to dampness and a decrease in the strength of the walls of the adobe house.
• Make a connection between the walls; for this you can use ordinary 100 mm nails. The gaps can be filled with thermal insulation material (for example, expanded clay).
• Dilute the masonry mortar in the following proportion: 4 parts sand, 1 part cement. Determine the amount of water when mixing; the solution should not be too thick or thin. Optimal thickness seams between bricks - 13 mm.
• Place concrete lintels on the openings; they are strong enough and go well with the brick. In addition, you can use reinforcement, laying it on each row of bricks in the opening, all the way to the top.
• Do not forget to always check the horizontality of the rows with a level and the verticality with a plumb line. You can use any weight suspended on a string as a plumb line.

Decorating the walls of a house made of adobe is unlimited scope for creativity and implementation. creative ideas, as well as the opportunity to create environmentally friendly housing to your taste. The main thing when choosing finishing options is to preserve favorable microclimate eco-houses, take into account the recommendations of specialists on the selection of materials and strictly follow the installation technology.

Clay construction – The best decision for those who value energy-efficient and health-friendly technologies. And although adobe is not an innovation in construction, high-quality and performance characteristics material turned ancient technology construction of low-cost housing using 21st century technology. The main advantages of a house made of adobe - a mixture of sand, clay, water and straw: heat capacity, reliability, positive effect on the human body, medicinal properties, durability ( hundreds of years), natural moisture exchange. An additional “plus” is the unique exoticism of the adobe house and the ability to implement any design passages in the interior.

Decorating the walls of an adobe house: features of the choice of materials

Adobe is a 100% healthy material that creates a favorable microclimate in the room. Particularly useful in the composition of adobe is radium, which helps remove from the human body everything that decomposes, rots and leads to cellular disorganization. In addition, radium has a positive effect on nervous system- that is why the ancestors living in clay houses, did not complain about health. Therefore, the main thing when choosing materials is to keep them healthy, unique and therapeutic microclimate eco-houses.

General principles for choosing materials:

1. Decorating the walls from the inside of an adobe house performs only decorative functions - the enclosing structures DO NOT NEED to be protected! Therefore, when choosing materials, it is enough to pay attention to environmental friendliness, vapor permeability and aesthetic characteristics.
2. The best finishing option is using a small layer of adobe and with natural dye. When choosing dyes, it is recommended to give preference to mineral ones based on metal oxides - persistent compounds, well retaining the brightness of colors throughout their service life.

Important! Not allowed to be used when interior decoration adobe house cement, modern latex and water-dispersion paints! The latter are undesirable for two reasons: 1) insufficient vapor permeability; 2) the presence of polluting processes that are used in production.

Modern manufacturers offer a wide palette of shades of mineral dyes, which provides talented designers with unlimited scope for implementation. original ideas. A good decision for interior decoration is a combination of wall painting and.

1. The simplest finishing option is: prime the walls with heavily diluted glue, let dry and glue the material sheets.
2. All types of plasters, including gypsum, are suitable for finishing a house made of adobe. Looks fascinating textured plaster“antique”, which emphasizes the effect of adobe walls, is not only an opportunity to please the eye with a rough texture and give yourself a pleasant tactile sensation, but also a proven way to recreate cozy atmosphere rural house with excellent sound-absorbing properties.

From the point of view of preserving the unique microclimate of an adobe house, it is undesirable, since gypsum board sheets create an insulating air gap, which prevents the walls from accumulating heat and warming up from the inside. Therefore, due to the loose connection of drywall to curved adobe enclosing structures, freezing of the walls is possible.

When decorating the walls of an adobe house, special attention should be paid to amateurs. The easiest way is to stick the cladding onto a clay mortar - a short-lived option, as the tiles will fall off over time. Therefore, experts recommend using this type of finishing in rooms where it is difficult to do without cladding ( bathroom, toilet, kitchen).

If it fits well into the interior and is considered as the main type of decoration, then optimal solution There will be the use of drywall. First you need to screw the gypsum board sheets directly to the walls using long screws, or pre-make a frame from galvanized profiles, and then attach drywall to it. After this, prepare the surface and finish ceramic tiles- And beautiful wall will please the eye with a spectacular look of stylish finishing.

Building a house is an expensive undertaking. The building materials alone for the construction of the walls will cost a significant amount, but you also need to attract craftsmen to lay and finish them. Yes, with all the expenses on high-quality construction and finishing materials, you still need to make sure that they are environmental characteristics- You must agree that today this criterion is important. Meanwhile, it is quite possible to build a full-fledged house not only with your own hands, but also from construction material, created, again, independently and directly on the construction site - for production adobe brick no chemical components are required. Let's find out what adobe is, how to build a building from it and, finally, how comfortable it will be to live in such a house.

History of adobe houses

To shelter himself and his family from bad weather, a person needed a house. Several thousand years ago people developed various technologies construction, primarily dependent on the availability of the simplest building materials - stone and wood. For many peoples who inhabited the Earth around the perimeter of the equator before our era, wood and stone were in great short supply; they had to look for others Construction Materials. About 6,000 years ago, a solution to the problem was found - bricks were made from wet clay mixed with straw, dried in the sun, and buildings were erected from this simple structural material.

Molded and sun-baked bricks first appeared in Ancient Egypt- for their production, Egyptian builders extracted clay from the bottom of the Nile River. Subsequently, the technology for creating clay bricks was borrowed from the Egyptians by the peoples Ancient Persia, from where it spread throughout Asia, and then, together with the Moorish armies, penetrated into Spain. By the way, it was the Arab builders who gave clay brick the name at-tob, which centuries later was changed by the Spaniards to adobe - in Russia its Turkic name “adobe” is better known.

The oldest architectural complex in Asia, made entirely of adobe, until 2003, was the Persian “fortress of Bam” (Arg-e Bam), created around the 6th–4th centuries BC. e. Achaemenid dynasty. Unfortunately, at the end of 2003, the ancient Citadel was completely destroyed by an earthquake of magnitude 6.3, the epicenter of which fell almost on the territory of the old city. Let us note that the Iranian city of Bam suffered from the earthquake not only in the historical part, but also in the modern part - about 80% of the buildings collapsed.

The construction of buildings from mud (i.e. clay) developed independently among the peoples of the American continent. Indians from the Anasazi tribe (Pueblo) built in the southern part North America multi-storey complexes made of clay and straw, however, they did not make bricks - the prepared building material was laid in a wet state along the perimeter of the future building, as it hardened, a new tier was formed on top, and so on.

In the state of New Mexico (USA), buildings built from adobe about 1000 years ago still exist and are used for living.

Composition of adobe

Adobe blocks are made exclusively from natural materials without the use of any chemicals. It is a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water, which are the main substances. And additional ingredients that are added if necessary include: tyrsa, wood shavings or wood chips, sometimes fresh cow dung is used.

The walls of a house made of adobe are famous for their energy efficiency and comparative cheapness. Most owners of adobe houses appreciate the advantages of this natural building material: in the summer the house stays cool by being heated from the outside, and in the winter it stays warm by being exposed to sub-zero temperatures. Such an advantage is unlikely to be found in the properties of cinder blocks or bricks.

However, the disadvantage of an adobe house, as already mentioned, is precisely its sensitivity to water and moisture, which is why it is so important to find the right solution for reliable and at the same time environmentally friendly cladding of its walls.

There are several options for finishing the outside of adobe houses:

Siding and composite sheathing;
- covering the house with stone;
- tiling;
-plaster coating followed by painting with facade paint;
-fur coat finish.

Fans of modern trends in the exterior decoration of adobe houses come to the decision to use siding coverings, often forgetting about the harmfulness of some types of plastic. Typically, siding is attractive for its practicality in operation and sealed protection from moisture and dampness of the coating. Although such cladding of an adobe house is made using ventilated facade technology, plastic heated in the sun can still release harmful substances that eat into the walls. Most people do not consider this point to be a fact, but in any case, if you compare living natural materials and synthetic ones, the advantage in safety for human health will still be given to environmentally friendly natural building materials.

Covering an adobe house with stone is considered an environmentally acceptable way to protect such a house from moisture, but it is not affordable for everyone. Stone often means the use of such materials: wild stone, artificial stone, shell rock, sandstone. Stone also has a natural ability to “breathe,” allowing adobe blocks to “live and breathe” as well.

Ceramic tile cladding, although more labor-intensive to work with and less durable, is also an environmentally friendly material, just like stone. But there is one “but” - this is tile adhesive for exterior use, which can be quite toxic. Therefore, to achieve greater safety in the decoration of external adobe walls, cement mortars, or anchor or wire devices and fastenings are used.

Plastering adobe walls followed by painting is a very environmentally friendly way to cladding your home. Plastering must be done using a special plaster mesh, which must first be fixed to fragile walls. Many people insulate their walls using various insulation materials, such as special polystyrene foam. Plaster is applied on top and after it dries, the walls are painted with facade paint. The environmental friendliness and durability of this coating are guaranteed!

Finishing the outside of an adobe house “like a fur coat” is also considered a safe cladding method. In addition, this method is considered quite economical and affordable in terms of cost of building materials for the “fur coat”. The house is also well protected from moisture, and at the same time allows the adobe material to “breathe”.

Thus, we see that four of the five proposed methods are the safest for lining and protecting the walls of an adobe house from moisture and other unwanted influences.

Some building materials from which walls are erected immediately imply the need exterior finishing at home: it turns out to be a very unsightly picture. Others may lose their appeal over time. And the third case is extensive crack formation, which is “treated”, but the results remain visible. In all these cases, the question arises: “How to sheathe the outside of the house.” Moreover, most often it is necessary to “sheathe” - without using mortar or other similar means that require large quantity money and time. I want to do everything quickly and, very preferably, inexpensively, and, if possible, with my own hands. Oddly enough, there is a choice of materials and technologies, and a considerable one.

Basic Rules

When selecting materials for cladding a house from the street, be sure to remember that in order to maintain normal humidity In rooms, the vapor permeability of materials should decrease from inside the room to the outside. That is, the exterior finishing should conduct steam better than the wall material. Then high humidity, which is typical for our homes, will be discharged through the walls naturally (explanations in the photo).

If this principle is violated, moisture will accumulate at the interface of materials with different vapor permeability. It condenses, creating conditions for rotting and the development of fungi and mold. IN winter time freezes, destroying the wall material and/or finishing. Sooner or later such a system will have to be dismantled and rebuilt.

The trouble is that only wood meets this requirement. Most other materials for exterior finishing of a house have low vapor permeability. The problem is solved in two ways:

Today the second option is becoming increasingly popular. Very effective thermal insulation materials, allowing you to significantly reduce heating costs. But they have very low vapor permeability (expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam). When using them, only the second humidity control scheme is possible. When choosing what to cover your house with, consider these points.

Wood paneling

Wood has been used in construction and decoration for centuries, and it seems that it will be relevant for a long time. All thanks to its excellent appearance and ability to regulate indoor humidity. This is perhaps the only material that will remove excess moisture without problems, regardless of what material the walls are made of.

Wooden cladding can have a completely non-standard appearance: different colors and sizes, different direction. It's simple, but the effect is amazing

The most popular materials for wall cladding are block house and imitation timber. There is also lining for exterior finishing - it is thicker than what is intended for it, but otherwise it is no different.

The block house imitates the surface of a round log - the front part has rounded shape. Imitation timber is very similar to planed timber. Both types of cladding are attached to the sheathing, then sanded and coated with protective impregnations, and optionally varnished or painted.

What does lumber look like? external cladding Houses

If you can’t decide how to cover the outside of a foam block house, consider the option wood cladding. In this case, lathing (metal or wood) is nailed to the walls. If necessary, insulation is placed between the slats - basalt wool(foam or polystyrene foam cannot be used) and then the wood sheathing is nailed on.

This building is sheathed with imitation timber. Under the skin there can be brick, log frame, frame or any of the building blocks

If you need the most cheap option, for most regions of Russia this is an ordinary planed board. Its thickness is from 40 mm, it is stuffed in the same way as a lining or block house onto the sheathing, the lower end of the upper board extends 10-20 mm onto the one located underneath it. It turns out the principle of the cone. So you can veneer it cheaply country house or even residential. When properly processed, such cladding has a very good appearance.

How to cheaply cover the outside of a house? For middle zone Russia - wooden planed board

The disadvantages of such finishing are the same as with any wood: it can be damaged by pests, rot, without proper care it quickly loses its decorative effect, becomes dark and ugly. If you want to cover your house and not think about it for years, this is not your choice. Behind wood paneling maintenance is required, and, most often, annually.

Siding

In some regions, boards and other lumber are far from the most available materials. In this case, it’s cheaper. This is the option when, having completed the finishing once, you can forget about it for a long time.

If you are thinking about how to decorate the outside of a timber house, perhaps your option is siding

Since the sheathing is nailed onto the sheathing, the façade is ventilated. If you need to inexpensively finish wooden walls(made of timber, logs, panels) siding is one of the options. It can also be used for buildings made of any other material: foam block, aerated concrete, slag-filled concrete, etc. This cladding is universal.

Vinyl

Siding is made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and is therefore also called vinyl. It consists of strips of material 205 and 255 mm wide, 1.1 mm and 1.2 mm thick. The longitudinal edges have a lock on one side and perforation for fasteners on the other (self-tapping screws are more often used).

The siding is also attached to the sheathing. It is recommended to use a special metal one, but impregnated ones are quite suitable. wooden blocks. Only standard starting and side stripes will be needed. The only caveat: the screws need to be “undertightened” a little, leaving some play in order to compensate temperature changes materials. With this installation, the siding will not crack due to stress.

The advantages of this material for external cladding at home: low prices, easy installation.

Flaw vinyl siding: it fades quickly in the sun, so it is advisable to use soft colors. It has a fairly wide operating temperature range: from +50°C to -35°C, but even in slight frosts it becomes brittle and easily damaged.

One more point: houses covered with siding and having a broken configuration look good. If the building is rectangular, without architectural frills, it does not have the most attractive appearance(photo below as proof).

If the building is simply long, without reliefs or protrusions, covering the walls with sading will not embellish it very much

Metal

Metal siding consists of strips of thin aluminum or galvanized steel, onto which a protective and decorative coating is applied. It has the same fastening system as vinyl.

House cladding metal siding simple: you can do it yourself even without much construction experience

The coating can be made of polymers. It is distinguished by its reliability, resistance to burnout and other climatic factors. Its disadvantage is the limited choice of colors. Second coverage option - powder coating. The color range is much wider, the paint lasts for years without signs of peeling.

If you are looking for something to clad the outside of your home for a durable and bright finish, one of the metal siding options may be right for you. It can be bent, it is very difficult to break, installation is not very difficult: you need good scissors for metal, self-tapping screws, screwdriver or screwdriver. All installation features are the same as for vinyl, with the only difference being that metal can be installed at sub-zero temperatures.

It is not easy to harmoniously decorate a building covered with metal siding

From the point of view of durability, this is a good option, but from the point of view of aesthetics, it is difficult to work with: it looks too “manufactured”. The building no longer resembles a residential building, but rather a warehouse or some kind of workshop.

Tsokolny

This is one of the varieties of vinyl siding, but it has a completely different configuration, appearance and greater panel thickness. It was developed specifically for decorating and protecting the plinths of buildings, but I liked it so much that it began to be used for cladding facades. Exterior design- under brickwork different types and colors, with or without patterns, wild stone. Sometimes the imitation is so successful that you understand that what is in front of you is not brick cladding, and vinyl, you can only touch the wall.

It is mounted, like other types, on the sheathing, there are perforations and locks. The difference is that the basement siding panel does not look like a long rectangle, but a certain section of the wall with curly edges. These curly edges are used to join. Accordingly, the sheathing must be adjusted to the size of the fragment. When installing, first the edge of the panel is inserted into the already installed lock, a match is achieved, and then secured. The main thing is that during installation, do not overtighten the screws, leaving the siding room to move with temperature changes.

The sheathing can be made of treated wooden blocks (with protective impregnation) or from plasterboard profiles (galvanized). How to mount basement siding Look at the base in the video. It is mounted on the wall in the same way. The difference is in area.

Fiber cement boards and siding

Relatively recently, a new cladding appeared on our market: fiber cement boards and siding made of the same material. They consist of wood fiber, quartz, mica, cement, and may contain chlorine and asbestos (some materials used only for exterior decoration). This mixture is formed into sheets, then dehydrated in several stages, and fired using some technologies. Then a protective and decorative coating is applied to the surface:

The coating can be smooth - glossy or matte, or can imitate brickwork, wood and other finishing materials. It is installed on guide mounting strips and secured to the wall with clamps. This material may suit you if you don’t know what to cover frame house outside: it creates a continuous surface, the panel joints are sealed and precipitation will not get inside.

This house is also lined with fiber cement slabs

Watch the video to see how to attach fiber cement boards.

Fiber cement siding is produced using the same technology, only it is molded into long strips. They are basically standard: 3600*190*12 mm. This material is cut with a jigsaw and installed on wooden sheathing overlapping (like a cone) and nailed to it or screwed with self-tapping screws.

Thermal panels

Thermal panels are a material that performs two functions at once - cladding and external insulation of houses. A layer of thermal insulation is applied to the thermal insulation layer at the factory. decorative covering. It looks like marble or a natural stone, does not burn, has low performance by water absorption.

Do this finishing material based on foam plastic, mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. Depending on the type of insulation, the installation method is selected: polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam are glued to the appropriate composition. The joints are closed with a special aluminum strip or rubbed with paste.

Based on mineral wool, they are mounted only on special system profiles, joints are also sealed.

A very attractive idea is to immediately insulate the house and cladding it. Excellent appearance, and the characteristics of this cladding are impressive. It’s just a pity that there is little operating experience and no reviews yet: it appeared only recently.

There are also clinker thermal panels. Glued to the insulation clinker tiles. The material is not cheap, but the characteristics are impressive, as is the variety of finishes.

Another option for thermal panels is with clinker tiles

The choice of materials that can be used to cover a house at any time - winter or summer - is considerable. There are expensive options, and there are cheaper ones. In any case, in addition to cost, be sure to consider vapor permeability. Then you won’t have to deal with mold and dampness.