How to teach your child to determine verb tense. How to determine verb tense in English

27.09.2019

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Instructions

So now practice. Verbs can change according to number, and in the singular - also according to gender. Moreover, they do not have multiple face shapes. To form the past tense in speech, it is necessary to use an infinitive stem or a past tense stem with the suffix -l, which change according to gender and number. For example: “He spoke a lot and passionately and attracted the audience,” “She said interesting things and attracted the audience,” and “They spoke outside the rules and attracted the audience.”

Moreover, in the form of the masculine singular, the only indicator of gender and number is zero: “Last day he was wet through and through”, “He prudently warned those around him about the danger”, “He faithfully guarded the catch”, “The man was very cold and was constantly shaking” and “The old one suddenly became deaf and did not move.”

It is also interesting that the historical formation of the past tense form, according to the opinion large quantity linguists, goes back to the perfect participle, which has the suffix -l and is used in the perfect with the present tense form and with the help of the auxiliary verb “to be”.

Video on the topic

In Russian, there are two forms of verbs in the future tense. These are the future simple or synthetic and the future complex or analytical. In addition, and depending on belonging to the first or second category, verbs of the future tense change in only two ways.

PRESENT TENSE
Verbs in the present tense show that the action occurs at the moment of speech: Vesela shines a month over the village. White snow sparkles with a blue light (I. Nikitin).
Verbs in the present tense can denote actions that are performed constantly, always: After winter comes spring. The earth rotates around its axis. A mother's affection knows no end (proverb).
Verbs in the present tense change according to persons and numbers.
PAST TENSE
Verbs in the past tense show that the action took place before the moment of speech: Late autumn. The rooks flew away, the forest was exposed, the fields were empty (N. Nekrasov).
When describing the past, the present tense is often used instead of the past tense: I was returning home from the station yesterday, walking along a dark street. Suddenly I see something white near the lantern.
Verbs in the past tense form are formed from the indefinite form (infinitive) using the suffix -l-: build - built, built, built; work - worked, worked, worked.
Verbs in the indefinite form in -ch, -ti, -path (not perfect form) form the forms of the past tense singular masculine without the suffix -l-: take care - took care / but took care of), carry - carried (but carried), oven - baked / but baked), dry - dry / but dried), etc. d.
From the verb to go, the past tense went, went, went; from the verb find past tense found, found, found; from the verb to grow - grew, grew, grew, grew.
Past tense verbs change according to numbers (told - told), and in the singular - according to gender. In plural verbs in the past tense do not change according to persons.
Something to remember correct accent in the past tense forms of verbs: took, took, brald, took; was, was, bylo, byli; took, took, took, took; drove, drove, rotten, gpamp;li; lived, lived, lived, lived; occupied, occupied, occupied, occupied; gave, gave, gave, gave; cleared, understood, understood; floated, wept. plamp;lo, plamp;li; raised, raised. raised; arrived, arrived, arrived; accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted; cleaned up, tidied up.
FUTURE
Verbs in the future tense show that the action will take place after the moment of speech: You will see what kind of person this is! You will immediately love him and become friends with him, my dear! (A. Chekhov); I’ll go home now and feed myself with hopes (A. Chekhov).
The future tense has two forms: simple and compound. The future form of the compound imperfective verbs consists of the future tense of the verb to be and the indefinite form of the imperfective verb: I will draw, I will try. From perfective verbs the simple future tense is formed (I will read), from imperfect verbs the future tense is formed (I will read).
The future simple form of perfective verbs is formed in the same way as the present tense form: I will open, you will open, you will open, we will open, you will open, they will open; learn, learn, learn, learn, learn, learn. In future simple verbs have the same personal endings as imperfective verbs in the present tense.

Step 2: determine the type

This is a little more complicated. Legend: V1 is the first form of the verb, V2 is the second form of the verb, V3 is the third form of the verb, Ving is the verb ending in -ing.

Simple: the sentence contains only V1, V2 or will + V1.
Continuous: corresponds to the structure to be + Ving.
Perfect: corresponds to the structure to have + V3.
Perfect Continuous: corresponds to the structure: to have + been + Ving

The above forms are typical for active voice. Move on to step 3 to identify the passive voice.

Step 3: determine the collateral

The structures for the active voice are written above. Formula passive voice: to be + V3. You can try to determine the pledge without formulas. In the case of the passive voice, an action is performed on the object, rather than the object itself performing it.

Simple Passive: am/is/are/was/were/will be + V3
Continuous Passive: being + V3.
Perfect Passive: have/has/had/will have + been + V3.
Perfect Continuous Passive: not used.

Let's practice and understand with examples

1) I don't eat much ice cream. — Present Simple Active, because contains do + V1.
2) I was sleeping in the tent yesterday at 12 o’clock. — Past Continuous Active, because contains was + Ving.
3) The shop was being visited yesterday at 12 o’clock. — Past Continuous Passive, because contains was + being + V3.
4) What have you been doing? — Present Perfect Continuous Active, because contains have + been + Ving.
5) The missing children have been found. — Present Perfect Passive, because contains have + been + V3.
6) They will be swimming tomorrow at 7 o’clock. — Future Continuous Active, because contains will + be + Ving.

I tried to cover everything complex cases. Pay special attention to examples 4 and 5. If something does not fit into the scope of this article, and you still cannot determine the tense of a verb in English, then either you misunderstood something, or you came across: infinitive, participle or gerund.

Which verbs change tenses?

Firstly, we must remember that when we talk about tense forms of a verb, we are talking about the indicative mood, that is, we are talking about an action that, in our opinion, is happening, has happened or will happen in reality.

In the imperative and conditional moods, verbs do not have tense forms.

Verb tenses

The verb in Russian has three tenses: present, past and future.

Verbs in the present tense denote actions performed at the moment of speech, i.e. at the moment when we pronounce this verb (I I'm running- this means that I say the word “run” and run at the same time).

Verbs in the past tense denote an action that occurred or was performed BEFORE we uttered this word: I ran, came running- that means now, when I say this, I’m no longer running. Performed or performed an action before the moment of speech.

A verb in the future tense denotes an action that has taken place or will take place after we have uttered this verb.

Changing verb tenses

Let's change the verb tenses walk.

In the past time: walked - what did you do? Walked, walked, walked, walked. I have already gone there and returned.

Past tense:

Present tense. What am I doing, what are you doing, what are you doing? and so on : walking, walking, walking…

Present tense:

I'm walking we're walking

are you walking are you walking

he walks they walk

Future tense. I will walk, you will walk. IN in this case person and number are determined by auxiliary verb, to which personal endings are added (I will, you will, we will), and the verb itself walk costs in indefinite form. This form of the future tense is called the future complex.

Future tense:

I will at we will walk eat walk

you will eat you will walk yeah walk

he will no they will walk ut walk

All three tense forms: past, present, future, and the future is complex, will be in imperfective verbs - walk, decide ( but not decide), sign, draw.

There are only two tense forms: past and future, and the future is simple for perfective verbs: come, decide, sign, draw.

Present tense forms are not formed from perfective verbs.

Education is temporarý x shapes

Firstly, some verb forms are formed not only with the help of endings, but also with the help of suffixes.

For example, the suffix - l- of the past tense does not form a new word, but forms the form of the past tense, i.e., unlike the overwhelming majority of suffixes in the Russian language, it is formative, not word-forming and, therefore, is not included in the base, just like the suffix - t indefinite form and suffix - And imperative mood.

Go- l, laughing- l-ah, I think- l-and, come- l-axis.

Secondly, the verb to form tense forms usually uses not one stem, like a noun and an adjective, but two!

Spelling vowel before l in past tense verbs

In past tense verbs before l the same vowel is written as in the indefinite form: depend - depended, bark - barked.

Bibliography

Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

Lik-bez.com ().
School-collection.edu.ru ().

Homework

Exercise No. 1.

Rewrite by inserting the missing letters, find the verbs and determine their tense.

SOUNDS OF SPRING.

Thousands of sounds appear in the spring in the animated forest. From stump to stump he tried... stings, the mouse squeaked thinly..., buzzed, hit the edge and the beetle fell heavily. The cuckoo will soon cuckoo on the m...head. A wild pigeon will coo at the very top of the oak tree. At sunset, an eagle owl will hoot terribly in the forest.

Exercise No. 2.

Find the verbs in the present tense and write them down.

1. Fell 6. Dancing

2. Reads 7. Mine

3. They laugh 8. I will paint

4. I’ll write 9. We’ll cook

How to determine the past tense of a verb? Answer to asked question you will get from the presented article. In addition, we will tell you how the past tense of a verb is formed in English.

General information about verbs

Before we talk about what the past tense of a verb is, we should find out what it even is.

A verb is a part of speech that denotes the state or action of an object, and also answers the questions “what to do?” or “what should I do?” It should be especially noted that they vary in mood, are transitive and intransitive, and can refer to the perfective or imperfective form.

Verb tenses in Russian

This part of speech can be used in the following tenses:

the present;
future;
past.

Past tense of verb

The part of speech that stands in shows that this or that action has taken place up to the present moment. However, when describing past situations or events in life, the present tense is often used instead of the past tense.

How to form a verb in the past tense? Let's find out together

The past tense of a verb in Russian is formed from the initial form (that is, the infinitive) by adding the suffix -l- (ran, wanted, talked, helped, etc.). However, there are exceptions to this rule. Thus, verbs that are in the indefinite form, imperfective form and ending in -nit, -ti or -ch, are converted into the past tense (in the singular masculine) without using the above-mentioned suffix (cut - cut, etc.).

Do verbs in the past tense change?

The past tense of the verb allows the verb to change in number. In turn, the singular number can easily be declined according to gender. It should also be noted that verbs in the past tense in the plural do not change according to persons.

Forms of verbs in the past tense by meaning

Verbs in the past tense can have a perfect and aorist meaning (only the perfect form). Let's look at them in more detail:

Verbs in the past tense can have the following grammatical meanings (imperfective only):

An infinite single concrete action that was performed before the moment of speech. For example: Once under New Year the girls were guessing.
An action that is repeated all the time until the moment of speech. For example: Annushka clasped her hands every time, and her eyes lit up with delight.
An action that is constantly happening. For example: Impenetrable forests stretched almost all the way to the river.
Generalized fact. For example: Someone asked you.

Past tense: English verbs

As mentioned above, the past tense is a form of a verb that indicates an action that has already been performed. In English, this change in words is called "Past Tenses". It should also be noted that such time differs in duration and quality. In other words, in English there is a simple past tense called "Past Simple", a continuous past tense called "Past Continuous" and a past perfect tense called " Past Perfect" Let's look at each of the forms in more detail.

Past Simple

This tense expresses absolutely any action that took place in the past. Past Simple is formed quite simply: if the word refers to irregular verb, then for this you need to take its second form from the table. If the verb is correct, then it is added to it. If it is necessary to pose a question, then the auxiliary word did should be used.

By the way, the past tense of the verb to be has 2 conjugations, namely were and was. As a rule, were is used with nouns only in the plural, and was - in the singular. In this case, with the pronoun you (translated as you or you) it is necessary to use only were.

Past Continuous

This form differs from the previous one in that in this case the action of the past is shown in process. As a cheat sheet, it is recommended to remember that the presented verb will have an imperfect form. It should also be noted that to form the Past Continuous, only knowledge of the following forms of the verb to be is required: were and was.

Past Perfect or perfect continuous past tense

It will take time to create such a perfect knowledge all forms and correct). It should also be noted that for the Past Perfect it is necessary to have. By the way, the past tense has the following form: had.

It should also be noted that the Past Perfect also includes such a tense as the Past Perfect Continuous, which has the following Russian meaning: perfect continuous past tense. To form it, you must use to be, which should be put in the Past Perfect form, that is, had been.

Let's sum it up

Knowing the basics of the formation of past tense verbs in Russian and English, you will be able not only to correctly deliver speech during personal communication with foreigners or your compatriots, but also to write them a competent letter.