How to do punctuation analysis of a sentence in writing, example. How to do punctuation analysis
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In studying punctuation analysis, it is important to highlight the basic principles:
- search for grammatical basis;
- search for those involved or participial phrases;
- search for introductory structures.
We suggest you familiarize yourself with the main steps in the algorithm for punctuation parsing a sentence:
- First of all, you need to pay attention to the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. By whether there is a period at the end of the sentence, question mark or an ellipsis, the reader determines the emotional color of the statement. It is necessary that the student can explain in detail and clearly why this particular punctuation mark was chosen.
- The next step is to determine the construction of the sentence. The number of punctuation marks depends on whether the sentence in front of us is simple or complex. In order for students to easily distinguish a simple sentence from a complex one, they must be able to independently determine not only grammatical basis sentences, but also the type of subordinate clause.
- Next, you should analyze the functions of each punctuation mark; We remind you that they can be dividing and highlighting.
Students should understand the difference in the use of separators and emphases.
TO highlighting signs should include a dash, colon, comma, quotation marks and parentheses. With their help, isolations, definitions and generalizations, etc. are highlighted.
TO separators include comma, semicolon, dash, colon. Signs are intended to separate homogeneous members of a sentence, parts of a complex sentence, etc.
- Immediately before punctuation analysis, teachers recommend analyzing the sentence by composition with the obligatory highlighting of the grammatical basis, homogeneous parts of the sentence, definitions and circumstances.
- A graphical diagram of a sentence, compiled on the basis of analysis of the sentence by composition, will significantly simplify punctuation analysis.
- The final point is punctuation analysis.
Examples
We propose to consolidate the information received in practice. Students need to have an accurate understanding of what the teacher is asking of them, so it is important to provide them with a sample review.
Example 1
[Halfway into the doorway open window the trapezoid was pushed in sunlight], 1 (top corner which touched the edge of the mirror cabinet).(D. Rubina)
- Grammar basics: trapezoid pushed in, angle touched.
- The main clause and subordinate clause are separated by a comma.
[The boys looked at each other and, 1 |without taking their eyes off me|, 2 began to slowly and carefully back away]. (K. Paustovsky)
- Grammar basis: the boys looked at each other and began to back away.
- There is a period at the end of the sentence because the sentence is declarative and represents a complete statement.
- The participial phrase is highlighted in the sentence with two commas.
|Straining and turning purple|, 1 (the sun plopped down behind the village cemetery), 2 (and after me the blue twilight swirled across the brushwood). (M. Sholokhov)
- Grammar basics: the sun flopped down, twilight swirled.
- There is a period at the end of the sentence because the sentence is declarative and represents a complete statement.
- There are two punctuation marks in the sentence. In the first case, a comma separates two homogeneous gerunds, and in the second case, a comma separates parts of a complex sentence.
It is worth summing up. If a student is able to remember this simple algorithm, then he will master the punctuation parsing of a sentence to perfection.
What is punctuation analysis and how to do it, believe me, very urgently!?
-
- Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should follow graphic works, characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous members of a sentence, etc.)
3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including graphic designation the need for a punctuation mark (or absence).By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.
Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun. - Thank you
- Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.
Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun. -
Explanation of punctuation marks
10 a comma separates a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase and standing after the word being defined
- Punctuation analysis offers
Sentence punctuation scheme
1. Name and explain the punctogram at the end of a sentence (period, question mark, exclamation point, ellipsis, combination of characters).2. Name and explain the punctograms at the level complex sentence(punctuation marks between simple sentences as part of a complex sentence).
3. Name and explain punctograms at the level of a simple sentence.
Sample punctuation analysis of a sentenceHaving asked (which is more quiet), Pierre climbed onto the horse, grabbed the mane, 4 pressed the heels of his inverted legs to the horse’s belly and, 5 feeling (that his glasses were falling off) and (that he was unable to take his hands off the mane and reins), galloped after the general, 9 exciting the smiles of the staff ^ who were looking at him from the mound. (L. Tolstoy)
Explanation of punctuation marks
1. Period at the end of the sentence; a period is placed at the end of the sentence, since it is a declarative, non-exclamatory sentence that contains a complete message.
2. Punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence; This is a complex sentence with three subordinate clauses:
1 and 2 commas highlight the subordinate clause within the main one;
6 and 8 commas highlight subordinate clauses within the main clause;
7, a comma is not placed, because homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a single connecting conjunction and;
3. Punctuation marks between similar parts of a sentence; separation of circumstances and definitions:
3 and 4 commas separate homogeneous predicates connected without a union;
5 a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by a single gerund;
9, a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by an adverbial phrase;
- Punctuation analysis - explanation of the conditions for placing punctuation marks.
(grammatical, semantic...) - I don't know
- Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.
Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun. - Sample punctuation analysis of a sentence
Having asked (which is more quiet), Pierre climbed onto the horse, grabbed the mane, 4 pressed the heels of his inverted legs to the horse’s belly and, 5 feeling (that his glasses were falling off) and (that he was unable to take his hands off the mane and reins), galloped after the general, 9 exciting the smiles of the staff ^ who were looking at him from the mound. (L. Tolstoy)
Explanation of punctuation marks
1. Period at the end of the sentence; a period is placed at the end of the sentence, since it is a declarative, non-exclamatory sentence that contains a complete message.
2. Punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence; This is a complex sentence with three subordinate clauses:
1 and 2 commas highlight the subordinate clause within the main one;
6 and 8 commas highlight subordinate clauses within the main clause;
7, a comma is not placed, because homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a single connecting conjunction and;
3. Punctuation marks between similar parts of a sentence; separation of circumstances and definitions:
3 and 4 commas separate homogeneous predicates connected without a union;
5 a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by a single gerund;
9, a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by an adverbial phrase;
10, a comma separates a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase and standing after the word being defined.
- I didn't understand a bit
- Instructions
1
Start analyzing the sentence by explaining why a particular punctuation mark (period, exclamation point, question mark, ellipsis, etc.) was chosen at the end of the sentence. To do this, it is necessary to determine the purpose of the statement in the sentence and its emotional connotation.
2
If a sentence contains a complete message, then it is declarative. If something is asked, then the sentence is interrogative, and if there is an incentive to action, a request or order, then it is motivating. Exclamatory intonations require an exclamation point. When speech is interrupted by a pause or there is an understatement in it, then an ellipsis is added.
3
Next, determine whether the sentence structure is simple or complex. If the sentence is complex, find out how many parts it consists of and what is the connection between them - coordinating, subordinating, conjunction or non-conjunctive. This way you can explain the reason for choosing the characters that separate all these parts.
4
Analyze the functions of punctuation marks in a simple sentence or marks in each part of a complex sentence in turn. Find and explain the highlighting and separating signs in a sentence or its parts.
5
Emphasizing or emphasizing marks (comma, dash, colon, double signs - brackets, quotation marks) are used to highlight components that complicate a simple sentence. These are introductory words, phrases and sentences, addresses, homogeneous members offers, isolated definitions or applications, circumstances and additions that clarify and explanatory parts of the proposal.
6
Separating, or separators are used to separate homogeneous members of a sentence in a simple construction or to separate simple sentences into a complex one (comma, semicolon, dash, colon).
7
If the sentence contains direct speech, find and highlight the words of the author and, in fact, the direct speech itself, which can be in any position before the author’s words, after them, or interrupted by them. Remember that if direct speech occurs before or after the author's words, four punctuation marks are placed (to display the construction of direct speech). If direct speech is interrupted by the words of the author, the law of seven is observed, that is, seven punctuation marks in the display of direct speech.
8
To facilitate punctuation analysis of a sentence, complete its punctogram graphically. If your sentence contains several paragraphs, explain each of them separately.
9
Emphasize the grammatical basics, highlight homogeneous parts of the sentence. Draw an outline of the sentence, making a graphic designation of places where punctuation marks are necessary. - Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.
Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun. - parse the proposal
- pygakpgFCPA
- It is necessary to explain why this or that punctuation mark is in this place
For example: I drink. We need to explain why there is a dot there. - It will be easier and clearer to simply underline all commas and periods (exclamation mark! or question mark?).
And that's it.
Found in the analyzed. Traditionally, they are grouped as emphasizing and separating signs. The first group of signs (emphasizing) serves to indicate the boundaries of a syntactic structure introduced into a sentence to explain its members. It can also be used to semantically highlight any part of a syntactic unit and to limit constructions that are grammatically unrelated to other members (for example, addresses, introductory words). This group includes paired signs: two commas, brackets, quotation marks, two dashes. The second group of signs serves to distinguish independent sentences, or simple sentences as part of a complex sentence, or members. Suggestion marks also belong to this group. The period, question and exclamation marks, colon, dash, ellipsis and dot c form a group of separating characters.
Begin your punctuation by explaining your punctuation choices in . To do this, determine what the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement. If it contains , then it is a declarative sentence, a question is interrogative, a call to action (a request or an order) is incentive. Also, consider emotional character offers. If there is an exclamatory intonation, an exclamation mark is placed at the end; if a break in speech or understatement is indicated, an ellipsis is used.
Determine which syntactic structure is being analyzed, simple or complex. In a complex sentence, “count” the number of parts and determine the type of connection between them: subordinating, coordinating or non-union. Thus explain the choice of secession signs.
Determine what signs are used within a simple sentence or each syntactic unit within a complex sentence. To do this, find out what structures are used by the author to convey additional semantic shades. Thus, explain the choice of distinguishing signs (for isolated members of a sentence) and separating ones (for example, for series of homogeneous members).
Do a punctuation analysis of the sentence using the example.
I looked and couldn’t tear myself away; these silent lightnings, these restrained brilliances seemed to respond to those silent and secret impulses that also flared up in me. (I.S. Turgenev).
There is a period at the end of the sentence, because... this sentence contains a complete message and is declarative in terms of the purpose of the statement, and non-exclamatory in terms of intonation.
This is a complex sentence made up of three simple ones. Between the first and second there is a non-union connection, between the second and third there is a subordinate connection. Semicolon at non-union communications is placed because the second and third sentences represent a single semantic whole. A comma is used to separate the subordinate clause from the main clause.
Inside the second sentence there is a separating sign - a comma, which is used when listing homogeneous subjects. There is also a construction that is grammatically unrelated to other parts of the sentence - introductory word, distinguished by paired characters - two commas.
Modern schoolchildren, according to educational program, study several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morphemic, syntactic and punctuation analysis of sentences. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand moments.
Definition
Many students and their parents wonder what punctuation analysis of a sentence means. It is designed to find and clarify punctuation marks in a sentence. The ability to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence can increase the student’s overall literacy level. Analysis of simple (PP) and complex (SP) sentences has its own distinctive features.
Parsing a simple sentence
- Read the text provided for analysis.
- Assign a number to all punctuation marks present in the text.
- Indicate the punctogram that completes the sentence and explain the reason for its placement.
- Identify and explain all the signs found in the sentence.
It is according to this plan that punctuation analysis of the sentence is carried out. A sample parsing is presented below.
Analysis examples
Let’s take the punctuation analysis of a sentence as an example:
1. I can trust this secret to a person who knows how to keep his mouth shut.
2.Haven't you seen people running down the street holding flags, posters, Balloons?
Step one. The sentence is interrogative in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation. That's why it ends with a question mark.
Step two. By assigning a number to punctuation marks, we determine their number in a sentence:
Haven't you seen people running down the street (1), holding flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4)?
Step three. The sentence has one grammatical basis you did not see.
Comma number one highlights the participial phrase. Commas numbered two and three separate homogeneous members of the sentence flags, posters, balloons, expressed by additions.
Analysis of a complex sentence
Punctuation analysis of a sentence of this kind is somewhat more complicated.
1. Read the sentence.
2. Assign a serial number to all punctuation marks in the sentence.
3. Indicate the paragraph ending the sentence and explain its placement.
4. Indicate punctuation marks at the SP level and explain the reason for their use.
5. Explain the placement of punctuation marks in parts of the joint venture.
Analysis examples
As an example, we suggest conducting a punctuation analysis of the sentence:
1.We will probably not see Sergei again, since the insult inflicted on him is unlikely to be easily forgotten.
Step one. There is a period at the end of the sentence, because the purpose of the statement is narrative, and the intonation is non-exclamatory.
Step two. The numbering showed the presence of five punctuation marks in the sentence:
Probably (1), we will not see Sergei again (2), since the insult (3) inflicted on him (4) is unlikely to be easily forgotten (5).
Step three. This proposal is complex. Parts of a complex sentence are connected subordinating conjunction because the. A comma stands at the border between the main and subordinate clauses.
Step four. In the main sentence, a comma is used to highlight the introductory word. probably. In the subordinate clause, commas separate the participial phrase inflicted on him.
2. I am sure that you will carry out this assignment because you value my location and want to advance in your career.
Step one. The sentence ends with a period because it is declarative, non-exclamatory.
Step two. There are four punctuation marks in the sentence:
I am sure (1) that you will carry out this assignment (2) because you value my location (3) and want to advance in your career (4).
Step three. This sentence consists of one main clause and two subordinate clauses, which are separated from each other by commas numbered one and two.
Step four. In the main part and first subordinate clause There are no punctuation marks. In the second subordinate clause, a comma at number three separates homogeneous predicates you appreciate And you want to advance.
If the student knows what punctuation analysis of a sentence means, he will not make gross mistakes in the placement of punctuation marks. By doing so, he will significantly improve his performance and increase his chances of getting a decent grade in his final exams. This is important, because how well a student passes them determines his future admission to a university. And even such a small thing as an incorrect punctuation mark can deprive him of much-needed points.
Punctuation analysis of a sentence is quite easy to do if you know the scheme and master the basic rules of grammar. Essentially, this language analysis is based on finding and explaining the use of certain punctuation marks using knowledge of syntax.
Parsing scheme
There are differences between the analysis of simple and complex sentences, but the algorithm of actions itself remains the same. To understand how to do punctuation analysis, you need to know in what order to carry it out.
- Place numbers above all punctuation marks.
- Explain the sign (punctuation) that comes at the end. This can be a period, exclamation point or question mark. Ellipses are used less frequently.
- Analyze for the presence of commas or dashes. If the sentence is complex, talk about the use of punctograms, which together make up the construction.
How to do proper parsing
When you have all the numbers entered, we proceed directly to the analysis. To properly explain the use of a mark at the end of a sentence, you need to determine the purpose of the statement and its overall emotional tone. A period is added to show a complete thought. Such a sentence is called a narrative sentence. If the goal is to ask a question, there will definitely be a question mark at the end, and if this is an order or a call to action, after last word they put an exclamation point, and the sentence itself is called an incentive. If the thought is not completed or requires a long pause, an ellipsis is added at the end.
We determine the construction of the sentence. To explain the choice of signs in a complex statement, determine how many parts it consists of and how they are related to each other. The connection can be coordinating, subordinating, conjunction or non-conjunction.
IN simple sentences We explain the functions that this or that sign performs. Commas or dashes can be used to highlight inserted words or phrases, addresses, separate definitions and applications, as well as clarifying terms designed to attract the reader’s attention.
Commas also separate homogeneous members. The author's direct speech also requires commas and dashes.
At the end of the analysis, it is preferable to draw a diagram that graphically displays the places where certain punctuation marks are placed.
Let's give an example of parsing a complex sentence. Based on it, you can analyze the simple one.
Talk about the grammatical functions of signs.
Of course, (1) the modern Russian language is different from the one (2) spoken and written by Pushkin, (3) Gogol, (4) Karamzin and Turgenev. (6)
- 6 - a period at the end of a declarative sentence with a complete thought.
- 2 - a comma between parts of a complex sentence and separates subordinate clause from the main one.
- 1 - a comma separates the introductory word from the rest of the sentence.
- 3, 4 - homogeneous members are separated by signs, in in this case subjects that are connected without a union.
As we can see, it is quite easy to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence, but for this you need to be able to analyze the structure of the construction and explain the use of punctuation marks from a grammatical point of view. Therefore, it is worth studying not only the rules of writing, but also being able to divide words in a sentence into members.