When answering the question of what soils require liming, you need to proceed from what group of agricultural crops the plants you are going to cultivate in a particular area belong to. The fact is that not all of them react equally to soil pH.

The concept of liming

This agricultural practice is practiced on soils that have a pH less than 7. As is known, in this case, in the soil-absorbing complex (SAC), in which the hydrogen ion is located, when interacting with calcareous materials, it is replaced by a calcium ion, which helps to neutralize the medium in question. .

Thus, the question of which soils require liming requires a clear answer: acidic.

Groups of plants in relation to acidity

Each plant organism has its own optimal environment in which it is convenient and comfortable to grow and develop. Therefore, soil liming is not carried out for all cultivated plants. They are usually divided into certain groups depending on their relationship to soil acidity:

• Media that do not tolerate an acidic reaction - cabbage, various types of beets, alfalfa - respond strongly to the application of lime materials even on slightly acidic soils.
• Sensitive to high acidity, preferring neutral soils and responding well to the method in question: wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, lettuce, cucumber, onion, legumes - react positively to soil liming with a norm of sesquihydrolytic acidity.
• Plants that can tolerate low acidification and grow in slightly acidic soils. On medium and strongly acidic soils, liming is carried out at full rates. These include: carrots, radishes, tomatoes, rye, millet, oats.
• Crops for which liming should be carried out with caution, only on medium and strongly acidic soils: potatoes, flax. Excessive application of lime reduces potato yields, and tubers are more affected by scab.
• Crops that do not like liming of soils: lupine, tea bush, seradella. Can grow on highly acidic soils. Liming reduces yields.

The majority of agricultural crops respond positively to liming.

For beets and cabbage, liming is carried out directly in the year of planting. Other vegetables are planted in limed areas in subsequent years.

Lime ameliorants

Soil liming can be carried out:

• slaked and quicklime;
• lake (drywall);
• burnt;
• limestone;
• calcite;
• cement dust;
• sugar production waste;
• dolomite flour;
• calcareous tuff;
• marl deposition.

Calcareous tuffs are found in places where springs emerge to the surface, along the banks of various reservoirs, on the slopes of cliffs and bedrock banks. The effect appears faster compared to ground limestone, but slower when compared to burnt lime.

The lake variety of chemical ameliorant is extracted from closed reservoirs that existed in this area in the past, as well as from former peat-filled depressions. Its effect manifests itself faster compared to calcareous tuffs.

Dolomite flour contains not only calcium, but also magnesium. Its action is slower compared to calcareous tuffs, which contain only calcium. Dolomite flour is made from the mineral by grinding it to the smallest fractions. It not only normalizes the acidity of the soil, but also improves the structure of the upper fertile layer.

Marl is limestone that contains large quantities of impurities such as clay and sand. It is mined from deposits common in the podzolic zone.

Burnt lime can be slaked (fluff) and quicklime. Quenching can be done at home using water, without getting close to the solution while it is boiling. This type of ameliorant is obtained by burning solid limestone. One ton of quicklime or 1.5 tons is equivalent to 2 tons of lime flour.

The quality of lime flour is mainly determined by the quality of grinding. The finer it is, the better the quality of the ameliorant.

In areas where the apatite industry is widespread, nepheline waste and oil shale ash are used.

If it is impossible to use special lime materials, you can use a synthetic mineral fertilizer called “Superphosphate”, which, in addition to phosphorus, contains calcium. However, it is believed to be associated with the basic element and sulfur, making it unavailable for regulating soil acidity.

Some suggest that gypsum materials can be used. However, this is a misconception. They are used in the opposite case, when the reaction of the medium is alkaline.

Determination of soil acidity

It can be determined visually by the presence of indicator plants. These include, first of all, plantain, horsetail, horse sorrel, horseradish. However, they can also develop in soils that are not acidic. In addition, it is difficult to judge by their presence the degree of acidity of a given type of substrate.

Therefore, the most reliable method is testing in laboratory conditions using special devices: ionometers or pH meters.

Timing for liming acidic soils

You shouldn’t be especially zealous when applying such ameliorants. With large doses, as with fairly frequent use, plants’ access to other nutrients, primarily such as potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, decreases. The water regime becomes more complicated, and their immunity to various diseases decreases.

Scientists and researchers involved in issues of agrochemistry advise liming soils at a certain time: thoroughly once every five years. If the soil is strongly acidic, then annual application of lime is allowed, in small portions for autumn (autumn) plowing (digging).

It is most effective to apply this ameliorant, like any fertilizer, locally. It is much more effective than scattered. Liming for vegetables is carried out a week before planting.

Norms

In the scientific literature, it is recommended to calculate application rates when liming the soil of ameliorants based on hydrolytic acidity. The maximum dose should be 1.5 of this value; if necessary, it can be reduced to a single dose.

However, this indicator can only be determined chemically in the laboratory. Therefore, soil liming rates are set based on the pH value of a particular substrate. So, for sandy loam and light loamy soil, from 25 to 40 kg/acre is required, depending on its acidity level. For medium and heavy loamy substrates, the rate is increased by approximately 1.5 times.

When carrying out repeated liming, the doses of ameliorants used are reduced by 50-65%.

Their combined use with manure promotes rapid mineralization of organic matter. By decomposing, manure contributes to the enrichment of the surface layer of soil with CO 2, which, in turn, accelerates the process of dissolution of calcareous materials.

Carrying out autumn reclamation

Liming acidic soil in the fall improves its chemical properties. The need for it can also be determined by indicator plants, which include alfalfa and If these plants grow abundantly on the soil, we can say that there is enough calcareous materials in it. Accurate determination of the pH of the environment is carried out using an ionometer.

Liming is carried out during autumn work. During the period of emergence of seedlings, lime cannot be applied. Calcium, which is part of it, promotes compaction of the substrate, which can impair the development of agricultural plants and even lead to their complete death.

During the application period there should be no precipitation, as well as stagnation of moisture on the soil surface.

Some sources indicate that lime cannot be applied together with organic fertilizers, although other authors write that mixing such materials with manure is permissible. It is undesirable to combine them with ammonia forms of nitrogen fertilizers.

Liming the garden

Initial measures for the implementation of these reclamation works are carried out at the stage of establishing nurseries. They are also carried out in the autumn, combined with the application of organic fertilizers. Liming of the soil can also be carried out in winter by applying dolomite flour on the snow, but the thickness of its cover should not exceed 30 cm.

Precautionary measures

Like any reclamation measure, soil liming must be carried out using personal protective equipment. Work is carried out in protective glasses and rubber gloves. Liming should not be carried out in windy weather. If it is impossible to use plows or cultivators to plow the lime, it must be plowed immediately after spreading it with a shovel or fork.

You need to be especially careful when working with slaked gas and if it gets into your eyes, the victim should be laid on his back and rinsed with a stream of water. Then castor oil is instilled into the eyes or ointment is applied, after which they consult a doctor.

Finally

In this article, we examined the process of liming acidic soils, the timing and norms of using chemical ameliorants. They do not need to be used for all crops; the main refueling should be carried out once every five years. It is best to add them to the soil in the fall. On sandy substrates, maintenance liming must be carried out annually at reduced rates. Full standards are calculated by hydrolytic acidity or pH. When working with these chemical ameliorants, precautions must be taken.

​Similar articles​

Why is soil acidity harmful?

​And potatoes are 20 rubles.​

How to apply lime?

​Why grow potatoes in the country?​

Liming standards

Dolomite flour is also good. It will deoxidize the soil with lime or dolomite; potatoes do not like acidic soils, so it does everything right.​

KakProsto.ru

Quicklime. Quicklime construction lump. Application

​20 kg = 200 rubles (about the same price in St. Petersburg)​

general information

​Pounded limestone​ ​Of course​ ​is used. Having it,

Classification

​* This figure indicates the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in grams per liter of solution.​

Production

Soil acidity is harmful to varying degrees

Technology for obtaining a finely ground mixture

​In accordance with the chemical composition, the mixture is divided into air (consisting mainly of magnesium and calcium oxides) and hydrate (containing a large amount of oxides of iron, aluminum and silicon). In industry, quicklime is used for construction, lump and powdered. The latter is also divided into two types. The first is ground quicklime. The second type is obtained by using special technology. Slaked lime (fluff) is obtained by slaking magnesium, calcium and dolomite lime using a limited amount of water. There are other types. These include, in particular, bleach and soda lime.​

Application of quicklime and its products

​To obtain good harvests, it is necessary that the soil on the site meets the acidity and nutritional requirements of the crops. Otherwise, the plants will die or the harvest will be disastrous.​
​It’s easier to grow a box of grapes and exchange it for 10 boxes of potatoes from a neighbor.​

Finely ground quicklime. Advantages

​I also understand when there is a plot of 100 acres.​

How are high-quality concrete and mortar mixtures obtained?

When planting, let the potatoes be treated with Prestige. And the potatoes won’t get sick and the bugs won’t eat them. This year I processed it, the beetle only began to land on it in the fall and I dug up the potatoes and there were no rotten ones. It’s also good to sprinkle a spoonful of wood ash into a hole when planting, it also helps against diseases.​

Storage and cost

​However, you need a LOT. Not less than 100g per square meter, and if for the winter, then 200-300g won’t hurt.​

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Soil liming, why it is carried out, and whether all lands need to be limed. Soil acidity.

Why are acidic soils unfavorable for plants?

- the main lime fertilizer. You can also use other lime-containing substances: fluff (slaked lime) (135%) *, ground dolomites (75 - 108%), ground chalk (90 - 100%), calcareous tuff (75 - 96%), lake lime (70 - 96%), dolomite flour (95 - 108%), marl (25 - 75%), depending on the admixture of earth, peat tuff (10 - 50%) and various industrial wastes: defective beet factories (75%), belite flour ( 80 – 90%), oil shale ash (65 – 80%), cement dust (80%), open hearth slag (140%), blast furnace slag (85%), calcined dolomite dust (150%), gas lime (120%) , tannery podzol (110%), carbide lime (silt) (140%), peat ash (10 - 50%) and much more.​ ​lime must be added before planting the garden​

​gardener​​Using analysis data​

​for our plants, it oppresses them and interferes with normal development, affects the structure of fruit and berry plants, which is shown on this page. But there are plants that grow on slightly acidic (even neutral) soils, for example, currants, and those that are loved by strongly acidic soils are cranberries.​

​Building quicklime is produced using natural calcium-magnesium rocks. They mainly include calcium and magnesium carbonate. They also contain admixtures of clay and sand. During heat treatment (when heated) in a furnace to a temperature of 800 to 1200 degrees, calcium-magnesium rocks begin to decompose. As a result of this process, magnesium (MgO) and calcium (CaO) oxides are formed, as well as carbon dioxide. Soil acidity is characterized by pH (hydrogen index). A neutral soil indicator is pH 7. This is the most favorable acidity ratio for optimal plant development, which a gardener should strive for. The fact is that in acidic soil, plants do not absorb nutrients well, it does not contain useful microelements that increase soil fertility, and those that exist are in a form inaccessible to plants. To understand that the soil is acidic, you can contact a special laboratory, where acidity is determined using litmus or special equipment. You can guess that the pH level is lowered if cornflower, heather, buttercup, horsetail, plantain, sedge, horse sorrel, and coltsfoot grow on the site. As a rule, soils in low floodplain areas are acidic, where water stagnates in abundance for a long time. The only way to correct the situation is to lime the soil.​ ​Experiments have established that clubroot is a highly contagious disease of cruciferous plants. Prof. Voronin, as an experiment, watered healthy plants with water into which the growths of plants affected by clubroot were dipped; as a result, all the watered plants turned out to be diseased, while those watered with clean water all remained healthy. The main preventive measure is to remove all plants affected by clubroot and burn them. The roots must be especially carefully selected from the ground so that not a trace remains of them. It is recommended not to plant cruciferous plants on soil contaminated with clubroot for two years. But experiments have proven that cabbage can be successfully grown on contaminated soil if, during planting, holes are made at the base of each plant 1.5-2 inches deep, into which a handful of quicklime is poured, after which the holes are filled up again. Under these conditions, cabbage and cauliflower planted in clubroot-contaminated soil remained healthy and developed normally; nevertheless, plants without lime were infected. M. Sanson confirmed the results of these experiments: instead of pits with quicklime, lime slag, obtained after burning lime, was scattered throughout the field and sealed to a depth of 1 inch, after which the field was well harrowed. The cabbage planted in this field survived the clubroot.​

​You can plant potatoes and any other vegetables you want.​

How a gardener can determine whether the soil on his site is acidic

​In many cities there are Plant Protection bases of the VIZR type, at greenhouses, greenhouses, garden centers, there are specialists in the fight against plant diseases and pests and preparations for control, they can be called to the place. There are consultants in home plant stores. you have some kind of complex infection with some kind of rot, you need drugs, fungicides, etc. It’s better to do this procedure IN THE SPRING AND IN EACH HOLE (EVERY HOLE) literally a TABLE SPOON of this flour.

​Required doses​​, in the process of preparing a personal plot, but sometimes it is possible later. In the area intended for planting strawberries, lime is applied a year or two before planting. Where it is occupied by fruit and berry plants, you can add it at any convenient time.​ He can do the analysis himself. Analysis instructions, of course, are included with the device.​​or a number of characteristic symptoms. For example, a whitish (ash-like) layer lying close to the surface is the first symptom of acidic soil. If clover once grew on our site, then the soil is not acidic; it does not grow well there. If there is a lot of sorrel, horsetail, and other coarse grains growing on the ground, then the soil is acidic. ​Soil acidity​​Grounded quicklime is obtained by grinding the mixture in conventional ball mills. Their work is carried out in a closed cycle with a separator that releases particles of the required size. In some cases, two separators are placed in the unit in series. This significantly increases productivity. To date, issues regarding fine grinding of lime have not been sufficiently developed. In the process of selecting mills and grinding schemes, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the degree of firing of the material (high, medium or soft fired product). The presence of overburning, underburning, and the presence of solid inclusions must also be taken into account. It is more expedient to grind highly and medium-burnt lime, affecting its particles by abrasion and impact. This is what happens in ball mills. It should be noted that the tendency of solid particles to aggregate requires short mills and rapid removal of fine fractions from the total mass of the crushed mixture, as well as the use of methods that reduce aggregation. It is better to carry out liming in the fall, before deep digging of the soil. In this case, you need to carefully study the characteristics and preferences of the crops that you plan to plant in the garden, since some plants prefer slightly acidic soils, while others like alkaline soil. Lime must be applied in powder form in order to mix it evenly with the soil and achieve rapid dissolution. It is better to use fluffed lime for this: slaked lime that has been frozen. This lime is easy to apply and quickly dissolves in the soil. Instead of lime, you can use ground limestone, dolomite flour, chalk or calcareous tuff. In the case when you have to add quicklime, you first need to fill it with water (for 10 kg of lime 4-5 liters of water) so that the chemical reaction takes place, only after that the lime will be suitable for use.​ ​treat with a solution of copper sulfate, tear off all the lower the leaves apparently were watered too much. Or last year tomatoes grew in this place and you did not till the soil before planting the cabbage. Also, if there is ash, sprinkle it.​

Why liming the soil, and does all land need to be limed?

​And when there are only 6 acres, one way or another you have to choose what to grow.​​Sow winter rye in the potato plot. There are two options going forward. If there is room for potatoes, then leave the rye until the end of summer, mow it in the fall and leave it on the plot. And only after a season can you plant potatoes. If there is no more space, then mow the crop in the spring and immediately plant potatoes. The first option is better, but not convenient for everyone. Do this every year. . Be sure to change the planting material. Lime won’t hurt either, but rye is best!​ ​It’s kind of useless for the winter. It will be of little use, unless, of course, the lime is FREE. Depends on certain conditions: the acidity of the soil and its composition, the type of limestone fertilizer, depth and incorporation, and others. On lands with high acidity, it is applied in increased doses. To calculate the amount of some kind of lime waste that we want to add, we multiply by 100 and divide by the percentage of lime content of the required fertilizer. But where there are strawberries, only when the roots take root well, about two months after planting, it is best to next year.​

When is the best time to add lime to the soil?

​As is known,​ ​Another way is indicator paper​​Both directly and indirectly affects plants.​

​This substance is widely used in various areas of human activity. The largest consumers include: ferrous metallurgy, agriculture, sugar, chemical, pulp and paper industries. CaO is also used in the construction industry. The connection is of particular importance in the field of ecology. Lime is used to remove sulfur oxide from flue gases. The compound is also capable of softening water and precipitating organic products and substances present in it. In addition, the use of quicklime ensures the neutralization of natural acidic and waste waters. In agriculture, upon contact with soils, the compound eliminates acidity, which is harmful to cultivated plants. Quicklime enriches the soil with calcium. Due to this, the cultivability of the land increases and the rotting of humus is accelerated. At the same time, the need to apply nitrogen fertilizers in large doses is reduced. The rate of lime application is different for different soils and plants; there are special standards for this, which are best studied in detail in advance, but to improve slightly acidic soils, the liming rate is 300-400 g/sq.m. . m, followed by digging. When planting shrubs, trees and plants, lime is applied to the planting holes and then sealed. With the active use of mineral fertilizers, the rate of lime application should be increased; if organic fertilizers are applied, the need for liming is reduced. Excessive lime in the soil is also harmful; on alkaline soils, plants suffer from chlorosis - with this disease they also cannot receive enough mineral elements and die. Therefore, liming should be carried out only as needed, taking care not to harm the plants. Treat the soil with lime next year.

What kind of lime should be applied to liming the soil?

​Some people choose what is easier to grow, others choose what they can grow.​​was not extinguished, it will be extinguished by water in the soil, only he has these worms crawling out of the ground, from overheating

What is used as lime fertilizers, and in what doses?

​It is not recommended to plant potatoes in the same place year after year. In the place where potatoes need to be alternated with strawberries.​ ​* In brackets next to each type of fertilizer it is shown how much lime, in terms of limestone, it contains.​

​Lime​​liming of soil​

​, is on sale, with the help of which, of course, it’s not very accurate, but you can still determine the acidity of the soil. With certain skills you can determine

Approximate doses of adding ground limestone to the soil (in grams to a depth of 20 cm per 1 m2)

sadovodam.com

The neighbor wants to sprinkle quicklime and dig up his garden for the winter, seemingly to cure the soil of diseases.

Alexey Zamyatin

The hydrate mixture is used in poultry and livestock farming for feeding. This eliminates the lack of calcium in the diet. In addition, the compound is used to improve general sanitary conditions when keeping and breeding livestock. In the chemical industry, hydrated lime and sorbents are used to produce calcium fluoride and hydrochloride. In the petrochemical industry, the compound neutralizes acid tars and also acts as a reagent in basic inorganic and organic synthesis. Lime is widely used in construction. This is due to the high environmental friendliness of the material. The mixture is used in the preparation of binding materials, concrete and mortars, and the production of products for construction.​
Until a certain time, puffed lime was used in construction only in slaked form. In the thirties, I.V. Smirnov proposed using the substance differently. He, and subsequently Osip B.V. showed that under certain conditions hydrate hardening of the material can occur. This process is similar to the hardening of Portland cement or gypsum.​
​Mix lime with the soil in the hole, pour it with foundation and plant for good health. Checked)))​
But usually they choose what is more economically profitable to grow:
​manure is the best option leaves can be trained moss add ash from the stove the earth is exhausted everything has been pumped out of all the strength from it

Liming helps to alkalize the soil if it is acidic. And from acidic soil, potatoes often get sick.

strath

​Soil acidity (pH)​

Alexander Zhmurikov

​added in spring or autumn before deep tillage (digging).​

She-Wolf Tambov

​is carried out to reduce the acidity of the soil, which will significantly improve the growing conditions of fruit plants shown in this section. Lime does not need to be added to soils with zero acidity, but not all soils need to be limed. The bulk of fruit and berry plants grow on slightly acidic soils. This means we lime the soils with high acidity. For the bulk of plants this is
​soil acidity​

Margarita Ruzaikina

​Soil acidity​

The Scarlet Flower

​Quicklime, as mentioned above, is used in the manufacture of concrete and mortars. This connection has a number of advantages. In particular, in comparison with hydrated lime in the form of dough or powder, the finely ground mixture does not leave waste. At the same time, all its components are used most rationally during hardening. Ground quicklime has a lower water requirement. In addition, its specific surface area is also significantly smaller. In this regard, the “workability” of concrete or CaO-based mortar is obtained with a reduced volume of water. Reducing the water requirement of concrete and mortar mixtures helps to increase their strength during hardening. When hydrated in already prepared mixtures, lime binds more water (up to 32% when turning into hydrate). This contributes to the production of products, concretes and mortars of increased density and strength. During the process of hydrate hardening of quicklime, a significant amount of heat is released. In this regard, products based on this compound at low (below zero) temperatures harden more calmly and have better strength indicators, since environmental conditions provide rapid heat removal and a reduction in thermal stresses. It is these advantages that lead to the widespread use of CaO in the construction industry.​

Zaragoza

​Lime is a concept generally accepted throughout the world, conventionally combining the products of firing (and subsequently processing) chalk, limestone and other carbonate rocks. Classification is carried out in accordance with the chemical composition. As a rule, the word “lime” means quicklime and the product of its interaction with water. This material can be in powdered, ground form or in the form of dough. The formula of quicklime is CaO. This compound is a product of roasting rocks in which calcium oxide acts as the main chemical component. It actively interacts with water. As a result of hydration, slaked lime is formed - Ca (OH)

Adelaide Markoffеva

​keep crop rotation​

Alexei

​grapes, nuts, cherries, apricots, pears, apples.​

tramp

It is necessary to use green manure. After harvesting, I sow white mustard, which I dig up before flowering. I have time to sow the rye and dig it again before frost. Green manure treats the ground and fertilizes it with its green mass. Lime decomposes in the ground within three years.​

Tatyana B

​Special fertilizers are sold. still need to know. what kind of soil? there is clay. there is sour. black soil, etc.

Lyudmila

​This is ACIDIC SOIL.​

rondo

​Add the powder
​pH below 5.0,​
​by some external signs, but this is better done based on the results of the analysis. It is carried out in the laboratory, where the soil is sent. The analysis itself is simple, it is carried out using some special instruments, one of them is known commercially under the name
​indicated by pH and the number *​
​With hydrate hardening of quicklime, good results are possible if a number of conditions are met. First, the mixture must be finely ground. It is also necessary to maintain a certain ratio of lime and water. During the hardening process, optimal heat removal is necessary or other methods should be used that do not allow heating of hardening concrete or mortars to temperatures that can cause intense evaporation of moisture (especially during boiling). It is also important to stop stirring the mixture at a certain stage of the lime hydration process.​
​2​
​Follow the link: http://otvet.mail.ru/question/27281763/​
​Grapes cost about 200 rubles/kg, nuts about 300, the same for cherries. Apricots, pears, apples 50 rubles each.​
​My potatoes also hurt. I bought 2 bags of 10 kg of lime for the garden in the store, but it turned out to be not enough, they only filled in half a plot (3 hundred square meters), and the potatoes were born. Where there was lime, there were no wireworms or diseases.​

His land is bad.

Increased acid content in the soil reduces crop yields. Optimal acidity is achieved by liming. The most effective chemical reclamation is carried out in the fall. The application rates of lime material can be calculated independently. You can learn when and how to lime the soil by watching the video.

To a large extent, the yield and quality of crops depends on the acidity of the soil. An increased acid content in the soil prevents the plants from fully absorbing microelements. Essential substances such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium do not reach the plants, even if fertilizers are applied. Plants grow poorly and do not bear fruit. The level of acids can be reduced by adding acid neutralizing substances. Such substances include:

• slaked lime;
• dolomite flour;
• wood ash;
• peat tuffs;
• sugar production waste;
• blast furnace slag.

Attention! You cannot lime the soil with gypsum; it crystallizes salts in the soil, which leads to increased acidity.

You can determine the increased acid content in the soil using traditional methods. If horsetail, sorrel, plantain, heather, and mint grow well on the site, then the soil is acidic. A more accurate scientific method for determining acidity can be done in a laboratory. An easier way to determine the acid content in points is possible using an indicator that is sold in flower shops. To do this, wrap a handful of soil in a cloth and lower it into water for a couple of minutes. We lower the indicator into the cloudy water. We compare the color change of the indicator with the color of the scale:

• 3-4 – very sour;
• 4-5 – sour;

Testing soil acidity

• 5-6 – slightly acidic;
• 7 – neutral;
• 8-9 - alkaline.

Soil acidity and composition are interdependent. The greatest amount of acid is found in clay; sandy soils are considered less acidic.

Optimal acidity, types of liming

Each plant reacts differently to acid levels:

1. Cabbage, as well as beets, grow poorly in soils with high acidity.
2. Tea and lupine grow well in acidic soils.
3. Legumes, as well as corn, lettuce, onions and cucumbers prefer neutral soil.

Liming the soil can lead to an improvement or deterioration in its quality. First you need to determine what crops will be grown on the site. It is possible to carry out partial liming of individual beds intended for specific crops.

Examples of optimal acidity for garden crops:

• raspberry and gooseberry bushes – 5.5;
• different types of currants – 6;
• pear and apple tree – 6.5;
• plum -7.

Different crops prefer different soil acidity

Liming can be basic or supporting. Gardeners do most of this once. Maintenance liming procedure - once every 4-5 years. To deoxidize the soil, choose the autumn or spring period. Carrying out chemical reclamation in the fall is most effective. We evenly distribute the required amount of lime material over the soil surface. At the same time, we apply fertilizers with a high content of magnesium and potassium.

Advice. The soil must be dug to a depth of 15-20 cm. Applying lime material to the surface without loosening reduces the effectiveness of liming.

Spring deoxidation is carried out before applying chemical fertilizers. Lime material is spread over the surface, then fertilizers are applied and the soil is dug to a depth of 4-6 cm.

Dosing of liming substances depending on the acid content in the soil

When liming the soil, it is important to follow the standards, since different liming materials have different percentages.

When adding fluff (slaked lime), the norms are distributed as follows:

1. 500-600 g per 1 m² with high soil acidity (pH less than 4).
2. If the acid content in the soil is high (pH=4), add 400-500 g per 1 m².
3. If the acidity index varies from 4 to 5, add 300-400 g per 1 m².
4. In slightly acidic soils (pH = 5-6) add 200-300 g per 1 m².

Soil liming is carried out in the fall

These indicators are only suitable for slaked lime. Chalk, cement dust and other substances are added in different proportions, since their calcium content is different:

• slaked lime – 130%;
• chalk -100%;
• dolomite flour – 90-95%;
• crushed chalk – 90%;
• lake lime -80%;
• cement dust 75%;
• marl – 70%;
• peat ash – 50%.

• determine the rate of slaked lime for the site;
• multiply this indicator by 100;
• then divide by the percentage of lime content in the substance.

Let's calculate the amount of lake lime per 1 m². Let's assume that the acidity of the soil is 4. 400-500 g of lime must be added per 1 m². 500 x 100: 80 = 625 g of lake lime per 1 m². For marl with soil acidity equal to 5: 200 x 100:70 = 285.7 g per 1 m². The fluff can be prepared at home. Quicklime is scattered on a hard surface and filled with water. As a result of a chemical reaction, lime is formed, which is safe for plants.

As a last resort, you can lime the soil without determining the acidity:

• clay soils – 600-700 g of lime per 1 m²;
• loams – 500 g per 1 m²;
• sandy soils – 300-400 g per 1 m².

Adding lime has a beneficial effect on plants:

• enriches the soil with microelements, including magnesium;
• plants almost do not accumulate toxic substances;
• the soil structure becomes looser;
• has a beneficial effect on the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.

You can liming the soil yourself, the main thing is to know the acid content in the soil on the site and calculate the required amount of different liming materials. Each plant is adapted to a certain level of acidity. Liming an area or individual beds will help achieve a higher yield.

Soil deoxidation: video

Increased acid content in the soil reduces crop yields. Optimal acidity is achieved by liming. The most effective chemical reclamation is carried out in the fall. The application rates of lime material can be calculated independently. You can learn when and how to lime the soil by watching the video.

To a large extent, the yield and quality of crops depends on the acidity of the soil. An increased acid content in the soil prevents the plants from fully absorbing microelements. Essential substances such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium do not reach the plants, even if fertilizers are applied. Plants grow poorly and do not bear fruit. The level of acids can be reduced by adding acid neutralizing substances. Such substances include:

• slaked lime;
• dolomite flour;
• wood ash;
• peat tuffs;
• sugar production waste;
• blast furnace slag.

Attention! You cannot lime the soil with gypsum; it crystallizes salts in the soil, which leads to increased acidity.

You can determine the increased acid content in the soil using traditional methods. If horsetail, sorrel, plantain, heather, and mint grow well on the site, then the soil is acidic. A more accurate scientific method for determining acidity can be done in a laboratory. An easier way to determine the acid content in points is possible using an indicator that is sold in flower shops. To do this, wrap a handful of soil in a cloth and lower it into water for a couple of minutes. We lower the indicator into the cloudy water. We compare the color change of the indicator with the color of the scale:

• 3-4 – very sour;
• 4-5 – sour;

Testing soil acidity

• 5-6 – slightly acidic;
• 7 – neutral;
• 8-9 - alkaline.

Soil acidity and composition are interdependent. The greatest amount of acid is found in clay; sandy soils are considered less acidic.

Optimal acidity, types of liming

Each plant reacts differently to acid levels:

1. Cabbage also does not grow well in soils with high acidity.
2. Tea and grow well in acidic soils.
3. Legumes, as well as corn, lettuce, onions and cucumbers prefer neutral soil.

Liming the soil can lead to an improvement or deterioration in its quality. First you need to determine what crops will be grown on the site. It is possible to carry out partial liming of individual beds intended for specific crops.

Examples of optimal acidity for garden crops:

• raspberry and gooseberry bushes – 5.5;
• different types – 6;
• pear and apple tree – 6.5;
• plum -7.

Different crops prefer different soil acidity

Liming can be basic or supporting. Gardeners do most of this once. Maintenance liming procedure - once every 4-5 years. To deoxidize the soil, choose the autumn or spring period. Carrying out chemical reclamation in the fall is most effective. We evenly distribute the required amount of lime material over the soil surface. At the same time, we apply fertilizers with a high content of magnesium and potassium.

Advice. The soil must be dug to a depth of 15-20 cm. Applying lime material to the surface without loosening reduces the effectiveness of liming.

Spring deoxidation is carried out before applying chemical fertilizers. Lime material is spread over the surface, then fertilizers are applied and the soil is dug to a depth of 4-6 cm.

Dosing of liming substances depending on the acid content in the soil

When liming the soil, it is important to follow the standards, since different liming materials have different percentages.

When adding fluff (slaked lime), the norms are distributed as follows:

1. 500-600 g per 1 m² with high soil acidity (pH less than 4).
2. If the acid content in the soil is high (pH=4), add 400-500 g per 1 m².
3. If the acidity index varies from 4 to 5, add 300-400 g per 1 m².
4. In slightly acidic soils (pH = 5-6) add 200-300 g per 1 m².

Soil liming is carried out in the fall

These indicators are only suitable for slaked lime. Chalk, cement dust and other substances are added in different proportions, since their calcium content is different:

• slaked lime – 130%;
• chalk -100%;
• dolomite flour – 90-95%;
• crushed chalk – 90%;
• lake lime -80%;
• cement dust 75%;
• marl – 70%;
• peat ash – 50%.

• determine the rate of slaked lime for the site;
• multiply this indicator by 100;
• then divide by the percentage of lime content in the substance.

Let's calculate the amount of lake lime per 1 m². Let's assume that the acidity of the soil is 4. 400-500 g of lime must be added per 1 m². 500 x 100: 80 = 625 g of lake lime per 1 m². For marl with soil acidity equal to 5: 200 x 100:70 = 285.7 g per 1 m². The fluff can be prepared at home. Quicklime is scattered on a hard surface and filled with water. As a result of a chemical reaction, lime is formed, which is safe for plants.

As a last resort, you can lime the soil without determining the acidity:

• clay soils – 600-700 g of lime per 1 m²;
• loams – 500 g per 1 m²;
• sandy soils – 300-400 g per 1 m².

Adding lime has a beneficial effect on plants:

• enriches the soil with microelements, including magnesium;
• plants almost do not accumulate toxic substances;
• the soil structure becomes looser;
• has a beneficial effect on the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.

You can liming the soil yourself, the main thing is to know the acid content in the soil on the site and calculate the required amount of different liming materials. Each plant is adapted to a certain level of acidity. Liming an area or individual beds will help achieve a higher yield.

Soil deoxidation: video

The need for the introduction of lime materials arises with an acidic and strongly acidic reaction, practically at a pH below 5.5. Moreover, the advisability of introducing these so-called agromeliorants is associated not only with the need to neutralize soil acidity, but also with increasing the content of calcium in the soil, and in some lands, magnesium.

The relevance of enriching the soil with these elements is explained both by the physiological need of plants for these nutrients and by their participation in the formation of soil structure. This manifests itself as follows: the earth is a colloidal system, the particles of which should normally be in the so-called coagulated (collapsed) state, and this requires calcium and magnesium ions, the amount of which should be proportional to the absorption capacity, depending on the mechanical composition of the soil, the amount and humus quality.

If there is not enough calcium and magnesium, then the soil particles are peptized (as if in suspension). At the same time, the soil floats, and this is accompanied by a decrease in pore volume, that is, there is less air in the soil (which means the roots can suffocate), an increased tendency to form a soil crust, and an increase in the stickiness and viscosity of the soil, which leads to more difficult processing.

The harmfulness of increased soil acidity reduces the availability of certain nutrients, inhibits beneficial soil bacteria and earthworms, increases the content of aluminum ions poisonous to plants in the soil, and reduces the structure of the soil.

Those who have forgotten about the essence of acidity can be reminded that natural environments can be acidic, neutral and alkaline, and an acidic environment implies an excess of hydrogen ions (H+). The most relevant is liming for crops that are most sensitive to soil acidity, such as legumes.

Visually, increased acidity of the earth may indicate poor development of cultivated plants with the simultaneous prevalence of some weeds - indicators:

• horsetail,
• pikes,
• sorrel,
• creeping buttercup.

For increased acidity may also indicate strong development of a podzolic horizon with a whitish color, floating of the arable horizon, lack of structure in the soil and frequent formation of a crust.

And the most accurate pH level can be determined using a pH meter or strips of indicator paper, which should be dipped into the soil extract. As a rule, liming is required on podzolic, sod-podzolic and peat soils.

Pros and cons of liming in the fall

In principle, soils can be limed both in spring and autumn. Autumn liming is often recommended due to the fact that many people dig up the soil in the fall. One of the arguments in favor of liming in the fall is the incompatibility of many liming materials with ammonium-containing nitrogen fertilizers, for example, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate.

The disadvantage of autumn liming may be the incompatibility of deoxidizing agents with some organic fertilizers, which are often applied in the fall. When choosing the time of application, in addition to the selected fertilizers, it is important to take into account the reaction of plants to an increase in calcium content and changes in soil reaction, weather conditions, since it is better to spread lime materials on relatively dry soil.

How to lime?

Liming usually comes down to uniform distribution of calcareous material over the surface of the earth with further incorporation into the soil during the process of loosening or digging. In conditions of collective gardening, it is most convenient to measure out the required amount of agromeliorant in glasses or jars, for example, half a liter.

Step by step instructions:

• Quicklime is scattered on a flat surface of the ground;
• Afterwards it is sprayed with water;
• After 20 minutes, some of the lime will be extinguished and dry;
• The resulting flour needs to be collected and the remaining lumps moistened.

For timely deoxidation of the soil, it is important to choose the right lime material. These include:

• slaked lime,
• limestone flour (dolomite),
• agromel.

Wood ash

In addition to typical calcareous materials, also can be considered as a soil deoxidizer. ash. Despite the name, slaked lime itself is used on a smaller scale for soil deacidification, possibly due to higher production costs and prices.

If we compare limestone flour with dolomite flour, the latter has some advantage, most relevant for light soils, namely the presence of magnesium. As for chalk, its main difference from ground limestone or dolomite is its smaller particle size, which speeds up its interaction with the soil and ensures faster deoxidation.

Doses

Before you begin liming, it is important to determine the pH level and texture of your soil, as they should be taken into account when choosing the dose of limestone material. As for determining the mechanical composition, it should be determined by connectivity, and not by color.

Table - approximate rates for adding lime material to the soil

Overdose

Possible harm from it depends on the type of agromeliorant, the crop that will grow on freshly limed soil. Usually, negative consequences occur when using slaked lime, which often burns plants because it is an alkali, because the rest are carbonates.

As for the characteristics of crops, potatoes most often suffer from excessive liming. This manifests itself in increased susceptibility to scab and decreased starch content. These consequences, especially the latter, more often occur with insufficient potassium supply.