Making a ramp with your own hands. How to install a folding ramp with your own hands. Standard sizes and designs

Residents of Moscow and the Moscow region have the right to free installation of ramps for children and wheelchairs in buildings.
Based on the documents below, entrances residential buildings, as well as any public buildings must be equipped with ramps for the movement of people with limited mobility, which includes citizens with strollers. If your entrance has stairs, but no ramp, demand its installation!

The right to a free ramp is regulated by the following legislative documents:
Law of Moscow dated January 17, 2001 No. 3. “On ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social, transport and engineering infrastructure facilities of the city of Moscow”
Law of the Moscow Region dated October 22, 2009 No. 121/2009-OZ (as amended on July 14, 2011) On ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups
settlement to social, transport and engineering infrastructure facilities in the Moscow region

Unfortunately, very often people are refused the installation of ramps for children and wheelchairs due to narrow flights of stairs - less than 2.5 m. In this case, it is possible to install a folding ramp.

Procedure for free installation of a ramp in the entrance

1. Statement
Write a statement to the Chairman of the HOA/Director of the State Unitary Enterprise DEZ of your area.


Address, telephone number and full name of the manager management company you can find out more via the link www.gorod.mos.ru (enter the address of your house in the field and click on the “search” sign, you will go to information about your house, to the right of the map select “apartment buildings”, information about the residential building will appear , on the right side, select the “house management” item, information about the management company will appear - name, full name of the manager, contacts).

2. Information about the ramp
Please attach information about the ramp you would like to install to your application.
If you are planning to install a folding ramp, please include information about folding ramps with your application. If this is not done, then you may be refused installation, citing a narrow flight of stairs, or install an inconvenient homemade ramp.
Folding ramp. Information
Ramp for disabled people. Information

3. Submitting an application with attachments
There are two options: notify in person/by letter or write on the city portal.
1) Send the application with attachments by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt. The notice must be saved. Or personally deliver the application in two copies and ask the recipient to certify your copy - put a number, date, stamp and signature with a transcript on it. This will serve as proof of your application. It is from this date that the period of 30 days will be counted, during which, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, a positive decision must be made and the ramp must be installed or an official refusal must be received.
2) Write an application for the installation of a ramp on the portal created on the initiative of the Moscow Mayor www.gorod.mos.ru. According to the rules of the portal, when applying through the portal, you must receive an answer and solution to your question within 8 days, or a reasoned refusal. Our practice shows that this method works efficiently.

Important

Please note that in the above-mentioned Moscow Law No. 3 of January 17, 2001, Article 5 states that the final decision on the impossibility of installing a ramp can only be made by a court. The same article states that the financial costs of installing a ramp fall on the owners and balance holders of the objects, i.e. in the case of installing a ramp at the entrance - to management companies or cooperatives.

Nowadays there are many people who have mobility restrictions, and there are many mothers with strollers. As a rule, these groups of the population very often experience difficulties when descending and ascending in the entrances, since devices that are designed to make their lives easier are not installed everywhere. Usually relatives and neighbors try to help somehow and try to make ramps with their own hands. How to do this correctly and not violate current requirements will be discussed in this article.

Types of ramps

Exist various designs ramps that can be installed:

Folding - a ramp that is installed on narrow flights of stairs in the entrance when there is a small area for placement. This design has the ability to rise and attach to the wall using a special mechanism. If necessary, it is detached and placed on the steps for use.

Stationary - a descent and ascent device that is installed on for a long time and in conditions of sufficient space. As a rule, it is installed in residential buildings and at the entrances to public places, and it's mostly concrete. This design is being developed according to special project and is installed strictly according to the standard. The main materials for its manufacture are concrete and metal.

Removable. Such structures are divided into three subtypes, depending on the structure:

Particularly popular, of course, are removable mechanisms that can be used locally, regardless of the conditions of ascent or descent. Since there are few places where stationary ramps are installed, such devices are very convenient for citizens.

Requirements for the ramp device

Manufacturing and installation of the ramp is carried out in accordance with the requirements state standard, which is established by law. Basic standards relate to the angle of inclination, the size of the ramp and handrails.

The angle of inclination is measured in percentage, is the ratio of the length of the structure to its height. It is necessary to comply with this requirement to ensure that movement around the structure is comfortable and at the same time safe. The following standards are established here:

• The correct inclination angle should be 5% or 2.9 degrees. The lifting height should not exceed 80 cm.
• If it is not possible to install the structure in accordance with the standard due to the fact that the height differences on the surface exceed 20 cm, then there is a mechanism with an inclination angle of up to 10%, which in degree terms is 5.7 degrees.
• If a ramp 60 cm long and 50 cm high is installed for some time, then it is quite possible to maintain an inclination angle of 8%, that is, 4.8 degrees.

One of important characteristics is also the width of the ramp itself. It is also regulated and the following rules must be observed during manufacture and installation:

• A single-lane structure should have a width of 90 cm, and a two-lane structure should have a width of 180 cm. The tilt angle in the latter case is 6.7%. In some designs, for two-way traffic, a handrail is provided in the middle.
• On both sides of the descent, that is, above and below, there should be platforms, the width of which is several times greater than the dimensions of the stroller.
• If the ramp has a turn or is too long, then you need to make intermediate platforms that will be wider than the ramp itself and have a depth of 150 cm. It is worth noting that a square platform provides less space for turning the stroller than a semicircular or rectangular one.

The installation of handrails is also regulated by rules that must be followed:

• Handrails are required for structures with a height of more than 15 cm and a length of more than 180 cm.
• Handrails must be installed along the entire ramp structure, parallel to the movement. As a rule, they are metal with a cross-section of 40 cm and protrude 30 cm before and after the ramp.
• The height of the handrails is set at 60 cm, sometimes this figure can be increased to 80 cm. The children's handrail is set at a height of 50 cm. You can make two-level handrails on one ramp.
• To prevent strollers from slipping, special bumpers 5 cm high are installed on each side.

Making a ramp with your own hands

Although the manufacture of a ramp should only be carried out by specialized services after an application from citizens or during a major overhaul, it is often not possible to wait for a positive decision, because installation is carried out several months after the decision to install it. It is precisely situations like this that motivate relatives of disabled people to make ramps with their own hands, because every person wants to live a full life.

The ramp structure at the entrance can be made from metal or wood; as a rule, if you follow the requirements, you can perform the installation no worse than specialized builders.

Installation of a metal ramp

A metal folding ramp can be installed almost anywhere. To make it yourself you will need:

• Metal channel in the amount of 2 pieces. The thickness must be sufficient to support the weight wheelchair with a person, but at the same time it was convenient to raise and lower the structure.
• Metal corners or spacers, at least 3 mm thick and approximately 3 cm wide.
• Fastening device, hinges for doors of sufficient thickness and spacers in the amount of three pieces per mechanism. The thickness of the spacers is no more than 5 mm, and the width is 40 mm.

Work on the installation of a metal folding ramp is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. The channel is drilled according to the holes that are in the hinges. The hinges are attached to the near channel using bolts.
2. The other side is treated with plates, which must be of such length as to attach the ramp to the wall or railing.
3. Extended plates are bolted to vertical type railing posts.

   Important! The rectangular recesses in the plates need to be made slightly wider than the vertical elements on the railing so that they can be firmly connected to each other.

4. The distance between the channels is determined in such a way that it is possible to move a wheelchair, a baby stroller, as well as a cart along them.
5. The channels are connected to each other at the bottom with metal spacers or corners using countersunk bolts.

   Important! There should be a maximum of three spacers and they should fit tightly to the steps so as not to create obstacles for the person supporting the stroller from behind.

6. The last step will be to install a door handle-brace on the channel, which will act as a hinge and a handle that will help unfold and assemble the ramp.

It is very convenient to make a ramp from aluminum. It is moderately strong, so it can withstand loads and, at the same time, it is lightweight, so anyone can lift it. But it is worth noting that such an alloy is not cheap, and hunters for non-ferrous metals will not pass by such a design. You can install a ramp with your own hands and from stainless or galvanized steel, but such a mechanism will require greater force when lifted.

Installation of a wooden ramp

Construction wooden structure The technology is not very different from a metal structure, but it is much more difficult to find material for it, because it is not always possible to find boards that will withstand significant loads. In addition, a wooden ramp is suitable only for those flights of stairs that have railings on both sides. If they are not there, then it is better to install additional ones on the side of the wall.

Before installing the boards, you need to properly prepare, or, more precisely, plan the material and cover it with drying oil, bottom part the paths need to be varnished, which does not need to be done when installing a metal wheelchair ramp. Along the entire length of the channel, small sides need to be filled on both sides to ensure safe movement.

Important! The ramp must be mounted at least 50 cm from the wall so that its parts do not touch vertical surfaces.

As with metal installation, two boards are fastened to each other using spacers, which are bars of suitable size.

The structure is attached to the wall or railing using door hinges. The size varies depending on the width of the strollers passing along the ramp.

Important! The spacers should not interfere with the movement of the person accompanying the stroller. In addition, there must be sufficient distance so that the person does not experience difficulty in ascending and descending.

When the mechanism is not in use, it is attached to the wall. If inner surface processed properly, it can even become a railing that will serve physically active people while moving up the stairs.

Attention should be paid to the fact that working surface The ramp must be non-slip to prevent the stroller from rolling down.

Conclusion

Installing a ramp with your own hands in the entrance of a residential building is not very difficult, and even those who are not good at construction can cope with this process, just stock up on materials and read the instructions. Installing a ramp with your own hands can make the life of a disabled person varied and fulfilling, because such people should not feel lonely and live separately from society. The main thing is to comply with all requirements during installation and then movement along the new ramp will be comfortable and safe

1. What are the types of ramps? What you should pay attention to before you are going to make a ramp with your own hands.
2. We make a ramp with our own hands.
3. Metal ramp. Stages of DIY installation work.
4. Wooden ramp.
5. Concrete ramp. Stages of work.
6. Ramp for dogs.

Attention! In addition to building a ramp with your own hands, you can also buy a ready-made ramp, or all the components to create a ramp yourself, using construction portal Stroyka.ru. Our catalog contains everything famous manufacturers and suppliers of construction and repair materials throughout Russia.

Fortunately for a certain category of citizens, our state is trying to make the existence of wheelchair users easier (although this should be a given), whose life is much more difficult than for people who do not have problems with the musculoskeletal system.

For this purpose, a simple way of moving along stairs was invented - a ramp. This simple device makes life easier not only for people with disabilities, but also for young mothers with strollers, and also, for example, for our smaller friends, dogs. In general, this useful device is a ramp. And the most important thing is that we can make it with our own hands.

There is nothing complicated in making a ramp and you can make it yourself. To do this, you just need to understand the device, and it is completely simple, as is installation.

Types of ramps

A ramp is a small platform installed at an angle that covers the unevenness of a staircase or curb. It can be a solid surface, or it can just be two parallel rails along which a child’s stroller or wheelchair can easily pass without obstacles.

The design of ramps can be different, depending on what purpose you are pursuing when installing such an auxiliary fastening and, even, regardless of the purpose, ramps differ in the material of manufacture: wooden, metal and concrete... stationary, removable or folding. And, for example, for a wheelchair user, it will be suitable perfect option a mobile ramp that can be easily folded and transported in a car.

Based on practical reviews, two-span ramps are considered popular. These are simply two parallel rails that do not cover the steps, which makes the descent of a mother with a stroller or a person accompanying a wheelchair user absolutely safe.

For people with disabilities who move independently, it is better to build a single-span ramp. This option is usually installed in government organizations or underground passages. The wheels reliably move along the continuous surface of concrete, tiles, wood or metal, ensuring reliable adhesion to rubber wheels strollers. In this option, it is very important to have railings, which should be installed at the level of the hands of a sitting person.

IN apartment building The option of retractable or folding ramps is very advantageous. They are not transferred from place to place, but allow themselves to be used only in necessary cases, without interfering with movement at other times. But, in any case, the ramp at the entrance of a high-rise building should be universal and convenient for everyone, and most importantly, safe. Therefore, it is better not to consider the single-span option in order to respect common interests.

When making a ramp, no matter from what material and for what specific purposes, there are several strict algorithms that it is advisable to follow:

• Climbing angle. For descent, according to the standards, the angle should not exceed eight degrees, and for ascent the norm is two degrees. But, according to GOST, in certain cases, installation of a structure is allowed, where permissible value may be exceeded based on relevant documents.
• The length of the rail must correspond to the size of the stairs. If there is room for maneuver, it is better to make the ramp longer than the steps, then the angle of inclination will become smaller, which will make the descent and ascent easier, as well as making them more convenient and safe.
• When starting the construction of a ramp in apartment entrance, obtain the consent of the majority of residents and a document from the building management.
• When installing the ramp, make sure that the structural elements do not extend beyond its boundaries for the safe movement of the remaining residents of the house.
• If you are installing a metal ramp, make sure that the selected material will not weigh down the structure, which finished form should not be heavy and tough. Otherwise, the ramp will not last long.
• It is imperative to have sound-absorbing and shock-absorbing pads to avoid complaints from residents of the lower floors.

Making a ramp with your own hands

As a rule, no one is in a particular hurry to solve someone else’s subjective problem, and then you have to solve it yourself: make a ramp with your own hands. Let’s highlight everything point by point to make it easier for you to understand the algorithm of actions:

• We take measurements. In some residential buildings, flights of stairs do not fit within the standard dimensions, which can change the angle of inclination of the rails big side and then you will have to either improve the design or achieve permitting documents. It may also be difficult to build a ramp if the barrier is higher than four centimeters.
• When making a ramp for a wheelchair, make sure that the area between the flights of stairs will allow the vehicle to maneuver freely.
• When choosing a ramp option, pay attention to design features and other matters that may affect safety or reduce efficient operation.
• Make a sketch of the ramp with all the dimensions, the pros and cons of the selected ramp materials and the number of fasteners you will need.
• Clear and prepare the area where the ramp will be installed.
• After finishing the work, paint the ramp if it is made of wood.

REMEMBER! If the ramp is installed with any violations, no matter what nature, then the person who installed the structure may be subject to penalties, and in the worst case, forced dismantling of the product. Therefore, if you feel any pitfalls in your venture, choose the option of a removable, folding or folding ramp.

Folding ramps, like stationary ones, are not removed from their installation site. Their convenience is undeniable in the fact that if there is no need for constant use, they simply rise up to the wall. Making a folding ramp with your own hands is no more difficult than a stationary one. Mounted on the wall metal hinges, which tenaciously hold the rails, and when they are removed from the stairs, the grips attached there fix the raised position.

In this way, you can avoid the reaction of dissatisfied neighbors, which are always found in any apartment building.

Folding ramps or, as they are also called removable, can be divided into three types:

Telescopic . Universal sliding mechanisms, which can be used not only for going up and down stairs, but also for overcoming thresholds and curbs.

Roll ramps . Their operating principle and range of use are practically no different from those described above. The compactness and lightness of the design allows it to be moved from place to place and one person can easily handle the layout.

Ramps for thresholds - these are small devices, in comparison with all other types, used exclusively for overcoming thresholds and curbs.

Metal ramp. Do-it-yourself stages

Folding and stationary ramp options

Installing a metal ramp with your own hands is not difficult if you know how to hold a drill in your hands and know how it turns on. You will need, regardless of whether it is folding or stationary option you make:

• Two rails. Or they are also called channels. The thickness should be strong enough to support a wheelchair because transporting a child is much easier. But at the same time, excess weight it shouldn’t be, and even more so if you are going to make a folding ramp with your own hands, so as not to burden the fastenings of the rail holders.
• Metal corners with a thickness of at least three millimeters and a width of at least thirty millimeters.
• Durable hinges. It is better to take door ones - this is for the folding version, as well as for both designs - plates and special fasteners in the size of at least three pieces. The quantity depends on the length of the ramp.

Work order

1. We attach the hinges at the bottom of the wall using bolts. Before installing the rails, measure the distance of the wheels of the chair or stroller. In cases where the ramp is designed for different types strollers - we make the runners of the rails themselves wider.
2. We install the strips in parallel in the folding version, and in the stationary version we simply secure the channel on both sides with bolts.
3. Spacers should be attached as firmly as possible under the steps in order to make the descent and ascent of the person pushing the stroller safe.
4. Next, we mount, in the folding version, we mount the plates and fastening loops to the staircase railings.

Wooden ramps

Installing wooden ramps with your own hands is identical to working with metal ones. Here, too, stationary and folding options are possible.

If you have undertaken to build a wooden ramp with your own hands, then it will be very important to choose wooden boards, which must withstand the weight of a wheelchair with a person (we focus on this indicator, because a stroller with a baby is obviously lighter).

And not just find, but find planed boards, on which a layer of drying oil should be applied, and the non-working surface of the board, plus the drying oil, will need to be covered with varnish or a paint layer to prevent rotting and the appearance of mold and mildew.

For safety, the edges of the sides of the board, as with outside, and from the inside, you should fill the slats with a width identical to the width of the stroller wheels.

IMPORTANT! When installing a ramp with your own hands, leave a gap of about fifty millimeters between the structure and the wall with railings.

Concrete ramp

This is, of course, the most reliable and durable option. At its core, this is the same staircase, but without steps. To build a concrete ramp with your own hands, there are GOST standards, in which the angle of inclination of the ramp should not exceed ten percent.

When constructing such a monolithic descent, the principle of construction can be taken as a basis ordinary stairs. Based on how the support is located, a concrete ramp can be divided into three types:

• With full support on the soil or embankment.
• Supported by a load-bearing wall.
• Monolithic ramp without support.

In all of these types, the design of the concrete ramp will have some differences. But, due to the rather complex construction process, making a concrete ramp with your own hands is a rather difficult task, so this option of lowering and ascent is rarely found in private homes.

Dog ramp

It often happens that stairs are difficult to climb not only for people with disabilities and young mothers, but also for our smaller brothers - dogs. And they also make a ramp for them with their own hands.

Most often, a portable ramp is used that can be attached to the car so that the pet can climb inside; to the horizontal bars, where training with dog handlers takes place; to a bed or sofa where an old or short-legged dog cannot climb on his own.

Making a ramp for a dog with your own hands is even easier than making one for strollers. As in any independent business, you need to draw up a drawing and calculate the amount of the material you have chosen as the main one, and this can be metal or wood.

For puppies, the structure should have a continuous plane with a slope, and large ones will need to have ladders made for the convenience of their paws.

A ramp is a device designed to simplify the movement of children's and wheelchairs.

It is customary to distinguish between two types of such devices: stationary and folding.

The first type of ramps is not suitable for all entrances apartment buildings. Its installation is impossible when the width of the stairs is less than 2.5 meters. A folding ramp is suitable for such stairs.

In accordance with Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Articles 15 and 16 of the Federal Law “On social protection disabled people in the Russian Federation", any resident apartment building has the right to request the installation of a ramp at the entrance of his house.

To do this, he must contact the Housing Office or Homeowners Association with a written application addressed to the boss. It must indicate in which house, entrance and on which floor the ramp needs to be installed.

Despite the fact that since 2013 there is no requirement to collect signatures from neighbors, it is still recommended to enlist their support. The more signatures from neighbors are collected, the more likely it is that the management company will make a positive decision on your application.

Please note: the application must be drawn up in 2 copies, one of which is sent to the housing office or HOA, and the second remains in your hands.

There are two ways to submit it:

• personally;
• by mail.

In case of personal appeal, your copy must be marked with the incoming number and date. When sending by mail, use only ordered letter with notice. Please attach the letter delivery receipt to your copy of the application.

Once the home maintenance organization receives your application, it will have 30 days to review it, after which it must make a decision on it and in writing give you the answer.

At whose expense is the ramp installed?

Installing a ramp in multi-storey building, by type of work, relates to reorganization and major renovation. Therefore, payment for its installation is charged to homeowners.

To install the ramp, they can choose any contractor or carry it out themselves in agreement with the management company. Moreover, it must have documents confirming its safety.

If they are absent, the ramp may be dismantled, and the management company may be fined 50,000 rubles.

What to do if the installation of a ramp is refused?

Despite the legislation, the management company or homeowners association, in some cases, may refuse to install a ramp. Most often, refusal is justified by inconsistency flight of stairs requirements for installing a stationary type of device.

You can make a complaint about a specific executive to such authorities as:

• prosecutor's office;
• city ​​administration;
• housing inspection;
• Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.

You can also appeal the refusal in court.

How to make a ramp yourself?

If you have expressed a desire to make a ramp yourself and have received permission from the management company or HOA, you can begin designing it.

First, you need to decide what type of ramp you need. Next, you should calculate its dimensions, taking into account the established standards and norms of SNiP and GOST.

Requirements for ramps

When designing, the following nuances should be taken into account.

1. The tilt angle of the device should not exceed 8% when lifting to a height of more than 20 cm and 10% if the lifting height is less than 20 cm.
2. Before and after lifting there should be space for the stroller, it minimum size must match the size of the stroller.
3. If the ramp is intended for one-way traffic, its width must be at least 90 cm, and for two-way traffic - at least 180 cm.
4. It is mandatory to have handrails on at least one side when the lift height is more than 15 cm or the length of the ramp is 180 cm.

Permission to install a ramp in an apartment building has been received, the device has been designed, now all that remains is to select the material for its manufacture. It can be either metal or wood.

Metal ramp

In a multi-storey building, due to narrow staircases, the most popular are folding ramps.

To make it you will need the following materials.

1. Two channels of the same length, and it should correspond to the length of the flight of stairs. Regarding thickness, their qualities such as load capacity and weight must be taken into account. When choosing material for channels, you need to give preference to light and, at the same time, durable metals. It is important to understand that a metal device can attract thieves.
2. Metal corners or strips of steel, which, in in this case, will act as spacers connecting the channels to each other. When choosing corners, you need to pay attention to their width and thickness, which should be no more than 40 and 5 mm, respectively.
3. 3 pieces of each of the following parts: durable door hinges, extension plates and fasteners.

The process of creating a metal folding ramp with your own hands

The process of working on the manufacture of a device can be divided into several stages:

1. The first stage comes down to making holes in the channels that completely coincide in size with the holes in door hinges. They are easy to make using a drill and a suitable drill bit. Next, the door hinges are connected to the near channel using bolts. It is extremely important to connect them in such a way that the bolt heads do not protrude from the structure. This can be achieved if you first remove the chamfers from the hinges. Since the extension plate is attached to the hinge on one side, it must be the same width as the hinge. The length of the plate must correspond to the distance between the nearest channel and the handrail, otherwise it will not be possible to assemble the ramp.
2. At the second stage, you need to measure the distance between the wheels of the stroller. Based on the data obtained, ramps are built. Please note that if the spacers do not fit snugly against the steps, a person walking behind the stroller may catch their foot on them and be injured. In this case, the ramp will be subject to dismantling, and the head of the management company may be fined in the amount of 50,000 rubles for providing the population with services of inadequate quality.
3. The final step is to install a loop to secure the assembled device. It is installed on the channel farthest from the wall. If the ramp is connected to a handrail when folded, a chain with a lock can be used for fastening. If there are no railings, you can use a regular latch to secure the device. It is installed on the wall and, when closed, grabs the loop of the ramp, thereby holding it in the folded state.

Wooden folding ramp

To make a ramp with your own hands, you can use not only metal, but also wood, and more precisely boards from her. The principle of working on a wooden ramp is almost the same as on a metal one. The only difference is in the materials used.

In this case, the channel, metal corners and the strips of metal are replaced with wooden planks and strips. Door hinges and bolts are also used to connect them together.

When connecting spacers to ramps, you need to pay attention not only to their location, but also to their width, since there should be enough space on the steps for the legs of the person walking behind the stroller.

Since wood can quickly become unusable, to extend the life of such a device, you need to thoroughly plan its working (upper) surface and cover it with drying oil, and varnish the bottom. For safety reasons, you can make small sides along the edges of the device by stuffing slats on them.

Important: you need to install the ramp at a distance of about 5 cm from the railing or wall, otherwise the descent, as well as the ascent, will be quite difficult.

Conclusion

A ramp is a necessary device for the movement of people with limited mobility and strollers. It can be installed in the entrance of your home, either independently (with the approval of the management company or HOA), or by their employees or hired workers. The selection of workers and installation of the device is carried out at the expense of the homeowners.

When installing the device yourself, it is important to comply with all the requirements for them. It is prohibited to install the ramp close to the railing or wall.

For self-made can be used various materials, but be aware that a device made of a metal such as aluminum may attract thieves.

How to make a ramp with your own hands? What is the peculiarity of concreting a monolithic ramp and how to correctly calculate the material for a slope? The article will tell you how to determine design parameters, calculate the length of the plane and the volume of material for a concrete ramp.

Ramp - an access with a slope for strollers, bicycles, carts and other light wheeled vehicles. Most of these elements duplicate the flights of stairs at the entrance to the building and are intended for the passage of wheelchairs and strollers.

Consumer requirements for the ramp:

1. Slight incline, gentle enough for a non-powered wheelchair to ascend.
2. Smooth plane, no obstacles to movement.
3. Weather resistance.

Structurally, the ramp is a concrete body flight of stairs(hereinafter referred to as the “body of the staircase”) without steps. Another difference is a significantly smaller slope. According to the requirements of SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility” and SP 35-101-2001 “Design of buildings and structures taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility”, the angle of inclination of the ramp should not exceed 10%. A lifting plane of more than 9% is considered non-standard, i.e., a person with disabilities will need an assistant to climb it.

To simplify calculations and work, we will take as a basis the principle of creating a concrete staircase. Depending on the location of the support, the ramp can be of three types:

1. With full support on the ground or bedding.
2. Based on load-bearing walls(walls).
3. Without support (monolith).

In all cases, the design of the ramp (as well as the stairs) will vary. In private construction, suspended marches and stairs are practically never found due to the complexity of construction. We will consider the option of installing a lifting plane on a “cushion”.

Determining design parameters

Depending on the height of the end point, the ramp can be single-flight or multi-flight. Maximum length lifting plane - 9 meters, lifting height of one flight - no more than 80 cm (SNiP). In all cases, you should first of all provide platforms before the race, after the rise and intermediate ones (if there are several marches). After lifting there should be no obstacles or barriers (doors, portals).

During the calculations, we will need to determine two main indicators:

1. Ramp shape. If the lift height is greater than the standard (or convenient), it should be divided into flights with an intermediate platform. Thickness concrete slab will remain unchanged.
2. The total length of the ramp taking into account the platforms.

Let's assume that we need a ramp 1 meter wide and 1.2 meters high. Sufficient slab thickness is 100 mm. Support walls - reinforced brickwork 125 mm (half a brick) or 200 mm cinder block.

Ramp calculation

With a slope of 8%, the normal ratio of height to length is 1:12, i.e. for 1 meter of vertical rise there will be 12 meters of ramp. With a height of 1.2 m, the length of the ramp in plan will be equal to:

• L pandas = H vert / 0.08 = 15 m

Building a 15-meter continuous ramp is not always convenient and this contradicts the requirements of SNiP. Therefore, it should be divided into two equal marches of 7.5 m each (in plan). Intermediate platform level height:

• H area = H vert / 2 = 1.2 / 2 = 0.6 m

The length of the lifting plane of the ramp (according to the Pythagorean theorem) will be equal to:

• L plane = square root. of (H2 vert + L2 pandas) = ​​square root. from 1.44 + 225 = 15.04 m, take 15 m

We take the intermediate platform to be 2x1 m (2 m2).

Note. The design of the ramp can vary significantly depending on the location - along the wall, parallel to the corner or adjacent marches. The article considers the option of adjacent marches.

Total length of concrete slab:

• L slabs = L flat + L area = 15 + 2 = 17 m

With a width of 1 meter, the area will be 17 m2.

Volume of concrete for the ramp:

• V bet = L slab x H slab = 17 x 0.1 = 1.7 m 3

We calculate the volume of the walls. To do this, you need to add up the area of ​​the walls and multiply by the thickness (it may vary). Since the shape of the walls is conditional right triangle, let's use the formula:

• S walls = H vert x L pandas = 1.2 x 15 = 18 m 2

Volume of walls with a thickness of half a brick:

• V walls = 18 x 0.125 = 2.25 m3

The number of bricks for the walls will be equal to:

• N brick = V walls / V1 brick = 2.25 / 0.002 = 1125 pcs.

The volume of backfill material will be approximately equal to the area of ​​one wall multiplied by the width (1 m):

• S1 walls = S walls / 2 = 18 / 2 = 9 m2

The backfill volume is 9 m3.

Calculation of reinforcement. The slab on the cushion is reinforced in one layer with a knitted mesh frame made of A3 reinforcement Ø 14-16 mm with a cell of 150 mm. The main nuance concreting a ramp - barriers made of reinforcement are required, which also need to be taken into account. They are installed (at a slope of 8%) in increments of 2 meters, 2 pieces for each. 1 m each, 15 m in total.

Number of longitudinal rods:

• N length = width / pitch = 1 / 0.15 = 6.67 = 6 pcs.

Length of longitudinal reinforcement:

• L reinforced length = L flat x N length = 18 x 6 = 108 linear. m

Number of cross bars:

• N cross = L flat / step = 18 / 0.15 = 120 pcs.

Length of transverse reinforcement:

• L cross = N cross x width = 120 running. m

Total length of reinforcement:

• L arm = L prod + L pop + L barrier = 108 + 120 + 15 = 243 linear. m

Operating procedure

1. After the position of the plane relative to the ramp is finally determined, you should mark the area for future design. To do this, use cords and pegs. Try first to maintain the internal width of the ramp.

2. After the breakdown, it is necessary to arrange a foundation for brick walls. The section of the beam for the half-brick wall is 200x200 mm.

3. We stretch the cords according to the slope of the lifting plane.

4. Then we lay out supporting walls made of brick according to the chosen principle of ramp construction. If the ramp goes around a corner, only one wall is needed (the other is the wall of the building).

Attention! Reinforcement of walls, especially corners, has great importance- they must withstand the load from backfilling and compaction. Apply masonry mesh every 2 rows.

5. The masonry should be kept for 21 days.

6. We fill the cavity between the walls with a tamper every 200-300 mm. You should compact it carefully, especially near walls.

7. Lay geotextile or polyethylene (so that the concrete does not mix with the backfill)

8. We knit the reinforcement frame. The distance from the pillow to the mesh is 50 mm. The frame must fit onto the walls.

Attention! Don't forget to set up barriers.

9. We install the flange on the dowels or press the panels from the outside. On the boards we place marks for the top of the plane.

10. Concreting the ramp is done from bottom to top.

The formwork can be removed the next day. After 28 days, you can install handrails or build walls.

A concrete ramp can serve as a base for asphalt, paving slabs or other type of finish. His exact dimensions determined by the needs of a particular object. But the basic principles of its design, described in this article, remain unchanged.