Making molds for cinder blocks with your own hands. Making cinder blocks with your own hands - simple instructions with photos and videos

The most common materials for building walls in modern construction- blocks made from a variety of materials. Some builders, in order to reduce material costs, prefer to make required quantity DIY blocks.

To make blocks at home, you need to make molds for pouring. Both a vibropressing machine and a special vibrating table, equipped with one or more molds for pouring, can be purchased or made independently. Of course, this will require some effort.

In its simplest form, the block form is a box with a lid, which is filled with the prepared solution. But you can take the matter more seriously. With help welding machine can be created metal molds for pouring, which are suitable for making blocks at home.

Materials and tools for making molds

To build a mold for blocks you will need a metal sheet 5 mm thick. You should not use sheets with a smaller thickness: the walls will inevitably burst during vibratory pressing, and even with a small thickness of the walls ready block It turns out somewhat round. To make void formers you will need another sheet, 3 mm thick. The construction of voids in the blocks should not be neglected: they save about a quarter of the solution. Such voids contribute to the creation of finished wall air wells, which helps reduce thermal conductivity near the walls.

Tools you will need:

• universal angle grinder tool with which you will cut workpieces (disc diameter 115-125 mm);
• welding machine;
• sandpaper, coarse-grained and fine-grained;
• drill and metal drill bit.

When working with grinder You must be extremely careful, since the tool is classified as traumatic.

The workpieces to be worked with must be secured as securely as possible in a vice, and the tool must be held correctly while working. Keep your work area clean and tidy. Of course, compliance with safety regulations is mandatory.

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The process of making molds for pouring

You need to start working as follows. On a sheet of metal laid out on flat surface, complete the markup. You should end up with 2 trapezoidal pieces, the width of which is 260 mm, the length of one side is 386 mm, the length of the other side is 390 mm. The trapezoidal shape is necessary to ensure that the design has a somewhat special structure. This will allow you to remove the product from the finished block much easier than if you make it in the form of a parallelepiped. It is also advisable to make void formers in the shape of a cone.

The diagonals of the figures outlined on the sheet should be equal, the dimensions of the sides should be marked in exact accordance with the dimensions indicated above. If not fulfilled this condition the shape will be crooked.

Now make markings for figures whose width is 260 mm, one of the long sides is 196 mm, the other is 200 mm. Cut out the shapes from the sheets and check their sizes again. After this, on the side with a length of 196 mm, make a cut exactly in the middle, perpendicular to this edge, its length should be 70 mm.

All four pieces must be assembled into one product as follows: large pieces should take the place of the longer sides, smaller pieces form the ends. Those sides that are 4 mm shorter should be on top. The cuts must be strictly opposite each other.

Boil the resulting structure from the outside along all vertical ribs. This operation must be done as carefully as possible; all seams from the inside of the mold must be clean.

When constructing garages, residential buildings or others outbuildings, the cheapest building material is cinder blocks. In addition, they have a number of good technological characteristics. But the most important thing is that you can make machines for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands, and produce the blocks yourself.

General information about cinder block

They are called cinder blocks building blocks, which are obtained during the process of vibrocompression or hardening concrete mortar in the shape of. They are hollow and monolithic. The latter are durable and are more often used when constructing foundations or as a cladding material. The composition of cinder block (as well as foam block) is optimal for construction.

The composition of the cinder block solution may include: slag, ash, coal combustion waste. You can also add other ingredients to the mixture that are only available in your region. Including expanded clay screenings, sand, brick waste, sawdust, gravel, perlite, and much more.

As a result, making cinder block machines with your own hands is very profitable. The savings on building materials will be at least four times, since the market price is this building material not small.

Creating a Form

First of all, you need to decide what kind of machine you need. If you want to build a garage or temporary shed, then a machine with two or even one mold is enough. If you are going to organize a small business, then you will need a more productive machine, at least 3-4 matrices.

The most important part of the machine is the shape. The remaining parts and assemblies are additions that allow you to perform various manipulations with this form. For example - filling, lifting, compacting the solution, moving, etc.

When producing cinder blocks at the plant, standard iron molds are used, as well as professional equipment, which presses concrete into a mold under a weight of several tons. Do-it-yourself cinder block molds are most often made from wood. There are many types and designs.

In essence, the form is a container into which concrete is poured and where it remains until it hardens completely. It should be noted that the forms must be collapsible so that the finished cinder block can be easily removed. In most cases, they are even made without a bottom, and a plate of material to which concrete does not stick is placed under the bottom.

The most in a simple way to make voids in a block is to immerse it in soft concrete in the right place plastic bottles with water or glass bottles from under champagne, which is preferable. But if you want to fix small production cinder blocks with your own hands, then the void formers must be secured in the mold.

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Made of wood

First of all, you will need planed boards, the width of which will correspond to the height of the cinder block. Then you need to make the outer crossbars that will connect to the longitudinal boards "sliding grooves".

Then cuts are made with inside longitudinal boards over a distance equal to length cinder block. The transverse grooves must have a depth of 7 - 8 mm. The width of the cut corresponds to the thickness of the separating plates, which can be made of iron, getinax, textolite.

Plates can be made from other sheet material, the main thing is that it is smooth. The drawing above shows how to make wooden molds for cinder blocks with your own hands. It is advisable to open the details of the form any oil paint. This will make it easier to remove the cinder blocks from the mold.

Please note that the sketch shows smaller dimensions than required standard cinder block. Before creating the mold, you can make your own cinder block drawings. This procedure will not be superfluous and will not require much work.

The above forms are used without a vibrator. The solution in them should be poured into a softer solution with a higher water content. However, with a little effort, you can create a more advanced vibrating machine.

The molds for the vibrating table look a little different. Handles must be attached to the sides so that two people can lift them and place them on the vibrating table. There should be two cones at the bottom of each cell.

Form with big amount There is no point in making cells, as such a stretcher will be very difficult to lift. Such forms cannot be disassembled, and the cinder blocks from them are shaken out by tipping them over. Internal surfaces The molds must be smooth so that the products can be easily removed.

Made of metal

When creating a machine for making cinder blocks with your own hands, you will need a thick steel sheet 3-5 mm. Shape elements should be cut out of it based on the size of the cinder block. The standard is 190x190x390 mm; in accordance with these dimensions, do-it-yourself cinder block drawings are made. The height of the mold should be 5 mm above the block so that you can pour concrete mixture and press it on top with a plate

Since the cinder block must be hollow, it is important to make the void formers correctly. The easiest way to use pipes for these purposes. Please note that they need to be given a conical shape. Thanks to this, the product will be easily shaken out.

Blanks can be ordered from a turner so that he can remove a few mm from one side of the pipe. Sometimes rectangular void formers are made. Their shape doesn't matter, the main thing is that they are conical. Keep in mind that the cinder block should be hollow no more than 30% .

Advice! The mold elements should be welded to each other using tacks at a short distance so that the metal does not lead. The seams must be done from the outside so that even corners remain inside.

At the bottom of the mold along the perimeter you should make a wooden or rubber compressor, to avoid deformation of the edges of the matrix. You can also weld around the edges metal plates 20 mm wide.

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Making a vibrating table

You can find paid machine drawings on the Internet, but don’t waste your money. It’s not at all difficult to make drawings of a machine for producing cinder blocks with your own hands, based on those photographs and materials that are distributed on the Internet for free.

A vibrating machine will allow you to produce cinder blocks much faster, since you won’t have to wait a day for the solution to dry. You can use a sheet of metal as a tabletop. You will also need springs, for example, motorcycle springs.

The motor must be attached in the middle of the tabletop. It can be used from an old washing machine. A pulley with an eccentric is installed on the motor shaft, which will provide vibration to the motor and along with it the entire platform, attached at the corners with springs on top of the table top.

Thus, you will make a vibrating table for cinder blocks with your own hands - the most the hard part machine All other details and improvements can be customized during operation. For example, wheels can be attached to the frame structure so that the machine can be moved conveniently.

Advice! A washer with a displaced center of gravity is suitable as an eccentric. You can also weld a perpendicular bolt with nuts to the shaft.

Cinder block production

Vibration-free method

And so, the forms are ready, now it’s time to try to make the first cinder block with your own hands. To do this you need to do the following:

1. First of all, the form must be placed on a flat surface. Suitable for this reinforced concrete slab or metal sheet.
2. The internal surfaces of the mold must be wiped with sand or diesel fuel. You can remove excess grease with a rag. Please note that after each pouring, it is necessary to wash the mold from cement, dry it in the sun and lubricate it again.
3. The molds must be filled halfway with the solution, and then the bottles must be placed in them. They should not be immersed all the way, leaving a gap of about 40 mm.
4. After placing the bottles, it is necessary to bring the solution level to the edge of the equipment. Required amount cement should be added to the mold with a trowel.
5. After a few hours you can remove the bottles. At the same time, they must be rotated around an axis so that the still weak solution does not follow them.
6. After 24 hours, the cinder blocks can be removed. To do this, you need to tap the mold around the perimeter with a hammer, and then disassemble it. The separating plates should be tapped at a slight angle.

The use of void formers, in the role of which in this case bottles protrude will allow you to further reduce the cost of cinder blocks with your own hands. In addition, the voids will improve the thermal impermeability of the future structure.

This method does not require vibratory ramming or other compaction of the solution. At the same time, the product turns out to be so strong that it will not be easy to split it.

Vibration method

This method is more productive. The instructions for making blocks are as follows:

1. The forms must be placed on a vibrating table and filled with solution.
2. Turn on the engine for a few seconds.
3. When the solution is compacted, it must be replenished and the engine turned on for a few minutes.
4. After compaction, the cinder blocks can be shaken out. However, the product can only be moved after 4 hours.

For a shift on this vibrating machine up to 300 cinder blocks can be produced.

Nowadays, the construction of one-story premises, both residential and industrial, is very popular. In most cases, these are garages, bathhouses, small buildings near the house. Each of the newly minted builders, of course, is looking for all sorts of ways to save their money without losing quality, because basically everything is done for themselves.

So, among the huge selection building material, we will focus on the most profitable one this moment- cinder block.

Homemade building material

The cost of cinder blocks is low, and in size they replace about 5 ordinary bricks; there are products equal to 8-10 ceramic blocks. They are made from any available material, also called aggregate.

Fillers include:

• Sand.
• Expanded clay.
• Ash.
• Slag.
• Sawdust.
• Crushed stone.
• Broken brick.

Note!
The choice should be made depending on how high quality and durable you want the product to be.
For residential buildings it is better to use expanded clay, slag or sand, and for utility buildings ash and sawdust are suitable.

The strengthening element is based on cement. At self-production cinder blocks, you not only reduce the cost of future construction, but have complete control over the quality of the material produced. You can also choose the shape of future blocks yourself.

As for the equipment, it’s worth looking at the drawings of the machine for cinder blocks and unnecessary questions will immediately disappear. You don’t have to be a construction genius to make your own machines at home, that’s what we’ll tell you about in our article.

You can easily find it on the Internet homemade machines for cinder blocks, made by the same “masters” as you, so don’t doubt your abilities.

Important!
Before starting work, please read possible variations dimensions of the building material.
If you want to make a block standard form, then it has the following parameters -400 × 200 × 200 mm.
As for voids, they make up no more than 30% of the total volume.

Manufacturing of the machine

Cinder block machines are sold in wide range, their price varies from 3-4 thousand rubles to several tens.

But, since today we are talking about self-production, we will start by determining for what scale you need such a machine:

• If you need to do small building, then you're great the machine will do for the simultaneous production of one or two blocks.
• If you want to put this work “on the conveyor belt”, then you already need to make a matrix of four or even more blocks.

What does the equipment consist of?

Having decided how many cinder blocks you want to produce per day, let's look at the structure of this machine:

• The most main detail in the machine, this is a matrix, so you need to pay special attention at this stage manufacturing. After all, the shape, accuracy and dimensions of future cinder blocks will depend on it in the future.

Note!
All other components of the unit are intended only to simplify the use of such a machine, these are filling, compaction, extraction, movement.
Although each process is important in its own way for a positive final result.

• There are several ways to compact the solution; the most suitable and easiest to manufacture is an electric motor with a displaced center of gravity to create vibration. The motor is attached directly to the mold (matrix) and must be covered with casings. A shift in the center of gravity can be achieved by welding a bolt and nut perpendicularly to the engine shaft.

For your information!
To understand how this all happens, look at the photo below. They show drawings of a vibrating machine for cinder blocks.

How to do it yourself

Knowing the dimensions of the desired block, we proceed to manufacturing the matrix:

• Blanks are cut from sheet metal with a thickness of 3–5 mm.
• To make voids in a block, you will need a void former, which can be made from pipes required diameter. It is advisable to use tapered pipes to facilitate removal from the finished block. At your discretion, you can use not only pipes, but also rectangular void formers, the main thing is not to forget to make them cone-shaped.
• We connect the workpieces using tacks, since a continuous seam can lead to metal leaking.

Note!
Seams are made only on the outside of the mold, otherwise the block will not have the correct geometric shape.

• The height of the form should be 5 cm higher than the dimensions of the finished block. This is due to the fact that during vibration the mixture tends to be compacted, as well as for installation on top of a pressure sheet.
• The next stage is the frame. To make it easier to move the machine, the base is placed on wheels, which allows you to move the machine without disturbing the finished block. It is recommended to make the racks on which the form will walk a little longer, so to speak with a margin, because you will always have time to cut it off - for convenience. All mechanisms and parts are made according to individual preference, and based on your height.

Idea home production cinder blocks are by no means new. However, not everyone decides to make it with their own hands. In this article we will talk about in what cases making a cinder block with your own hands is considered justified and what is needed for this, we will consider the production technology.

Price or quality: why home cinder block is bad

A well-known truth: the greater the mass of the mixture, the more accurate the proportions. Unfortunately, with small volumes of home production, the heterogeneity of batches is too high, which means that there can be no talk of any standardization. This has a detrimental effect on product quality.

The second side of the issue: imperfect equipment. Technological cycle carefully calculated in factories research institutes, even air humidity during molding, amplitude and frequency of vibration are taken into account.

Industrial sanitation is also important: at home, drying and storage conditions are violated, not to mention more complex stages.

But at the same time, the responsibility of structures made from home cinder blocks is low, which means that some quality control rules can be neglected. Together with the high profitability of such production, this provides an obvious advantage. It turns out that a handicraft cinder block is perfect for individual housing construction, but there can be no talk of selling it.

Cinder block mold

Basic collateral successful production cinder block - high-quality form. It must be welded from steel sheet 3 or 4 mm, have a clear geometry. Inner dimensions shapes - 190x190x390 mm. About 30% of the volume should be void formers (VP) - plugged sections of 60 mm pipe, processed with an angle grinder until a cone is obtained. OP can also be made in any other shape.

The outside of the form is bordered by a steel strip, creating a kind of rim. Inside the form there is a bridge of the same strip connecting the two short sides of the rectangle. The OPs are attached to this jumper.

The form should have a neck for easy pouring. A pressure lid, divided into two halves, is inserted inside the mold. It has slots into which, when lowered, the form bridge and the OP will pass. The lid should be adjusted as precisely as possible so that the gap at the walls does not exceed 1-2 mm.

At the best option The design of the clamping lid has a lever clamping mechanism, and the mold is mounted on tubular guides along which it can easily rise above the molded block without touching it. This machine makes the production of cinder blocks fast and very convenient.

Vibration shrinkage is an integral part of the technological process

The main difficulty in making cinder blocks at home is the use of vibration shrinkage. As in vibrating tables, machines for the production of cinder blocks use platform vibrator motors. They are sometimes difficult to find, and the cost is high, so craftsmen use improvised means - old two-shaft engines from washing machines with homemade balance weights. The vibrator is attached to the mold body with bolts or welded studs.

Vibration shrinkage cannot be neglected; it is of exceptional importance in the production of products High Quality. In a poorly compacted mass, air veins can hide, leading to the product splitting after drying. Without shrinkage, slag concrete has a low density, which means that the solid wall loses not only strength, but also resistance to freezing, blowing and getting wet.

Slag-cement mixture: proportions, dosage, additives

Each master has his own recipes for cinder concrete and ways to prepare it. For small production volumes, a concrete mixer for 0.3-0.5 m 3 of mixture will be sufficient. First, you should pour about half a bucket of water into it and add cement, then sand and make sure that the lumps are completely dissolved. Then gravel and slag are added, various kinds additives, then mix thoroughly.

The mixture should be as dry as possible so that the molded product does not “spread” Perfect option- add water in small portions until the concrete begins to form well when clenched into a fist. In this case, a lump thrown onto hard ground should completely crumble into small crumbs.

The generally accepted ratio for the mixture is 2 parts of fine sand and gravel, 7 parts of slag, 1.5 or 2 parts of high-quality Portland cement grade M500 or M400, respectively. You can safely use plasticizers, but you should not abuse them. Remember that you still won’t be able to achieve a significant gain in strength, and this is not necessary, but increasing moisture and frost resistance will not be a bad idea.

Don't be afraid to experiment with the composition of cinder concrete. Not only blast furnace slag can be used as a filler, but also granite screening, expanded clay chips or specially prepared sawdust. There are a lot of materials and additives, therefore the properties of the finished blocks vary widely.

We prepare the equipment and start production

It is better to make cinder blocks in a covered and well-ventilated room with a hard and level floor. Production site you need to clear it of debris, prepare several dozen OSB plates measuring 30x50 cm, they will be placed under each molded cinder block.

So, the form is placed on the substrate and filled with concrete to the brim, then you need to turn on the vibrator for 20-30 seconds. After shrinkage, add concrete, turn on the vibrator again and press the mold lid until it rests against internal walls, limiting the height of the block. Next, with the vibrator turned on, the mold is removed from the product and the entire machine is shifted by 35-40 mm, where OSB is again placed and a new block is formed.

The blocks should stand motionless for about a day in a place that prevents their accidental deformation. They can then be moved to pre-drying. After a week of aging, the blocks can be stored in several rows. The time for complete hardening of slag concrete is four weeks. Ideal conditions- lack of direct sun rays and temperature 20-25 °C.

Cinder block is a popular building material that is widely used due to its low cost and good operational characteristics. will last 50 years or more. Equipment intended for the production of this building material is not subject to certification, so many are manufactured.

What is needed to produce blocks, making molds

In order to make a cinder block with your own hands, you need to purchase large quantities of all the components of the mixture, which necessarily includes cement and fillers, as well as various additives that improve the quality of the building material.

For production you will need a concrete mixer, a vibrating sieve and a vibrating machine. Special attention attention should be paid to the molds for making blocks.

You will need as many forms as you plan to make blocks per day. Molds can be made from wood or metal. For void formers, pipes of the required diameter are taken. You can also make rectangular void formers, but you need to take into account that the voidness of the block should not exceed 40%.

Foreman's advice: the usual dimensions of the blocks are 390x190x188 mm, but if you make the blocks with your own hands, you can make shapes of arbitrary sizes.

You can also make machines for producing cinder blocks with your own hands. Detailed drawings will help with this.

If you have a lot of time, you can make blocks without using a machine, just using molds. To do this, you need to pour the solution into it by a third, then tap its walls with a hammer along the entire perimeter so that the mixture settles. Then you need to pour the mixture again and repeat the action. Plastic bottles filled with water can be used as void formers. They need to be inserted at the same distance from each other. In this case, it will take 2-4 days to dry, after which the block can be removed and a new one prepared.

Using quality cement and strict adherence to production technology, blocks made by hand are of no less quality than those produced at the enterprise.

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