What are interior doors made of? Structural elements of interior doors Elements of interior doors

Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

Door panel straps (with frame solution)
- these are bars, mainly made of coniferous wood, located around the perimeter of the door.

Sredniki
- bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the straps.

Panels
- shields filling the space between the trims and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.

Mold
- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.

Layouts
- These are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass.

Frame (or bead)
- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Jaws or door strips
- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs
- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Decorative overlays (false croakers)
- overhead decorative profiles, glued to glass or double-glazed windows from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).

Skirting
- a sewn-on narrow panel, with the help of which the installation seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors are closed.

Platbands
- wooden (plastic) profile strips used to frame the doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.

Nightstands
- the transition from the platbands to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.

Narthex
- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or on the inside of the frame that closes the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold
- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Low tide
- a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Usually the ebb is installed on the outer side of the lower horizontal profile of the window and is its integral part.

Profile
- a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology is usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.

Profile system
- a set (set) of main and additional profiles that form a complete structural system of door (window) blocks, reflected in the technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.

Seals
- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and the sashes and protecting against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

Reinforcing liner
- a profile steel element installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads. Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.

Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable types of wood. The price of such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than doors with honeycomb filling, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of the wood, the manufacturer paints them with various wood impregnations or simply transparent varnishes. In addition to the decorative function, such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Semi-massive doors
The wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.

Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, which allows you to embed a lock on one vertical side and attach door hinges on the other. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.

Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. These doors have an absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.

Doors under glass
Window frames of various configurations are embedded in such doors. The buyer can choose the glass according to his taste. Here he will not experience any difficulties in choosing. A great variety of them are now offered: - corrugated, matte, stained glass, etc.

The doors are solid
These doors do not have window frames.

Single doors
An ordinary door consisting of one leaf.

Double-leaf swing doors (equal and unequal)
The door consists of two panels. These doors are also divided into equal and unequal. For equal-floor swing doors, both leaves are the same width; for unequal-floor swing doors, one of the leaves is much narrower, which can also be called a widening.

Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). Various tree species are used as raw materials. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.

Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.

Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.

Left-hand doors
Standing in front of the door, we open it toward ourselves with our left hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the left, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the right - the door is left-handed.

Right-hand doors
We open the door towards ourselves with our right hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the right, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the left - the door is right-handed.

Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.

Fireproof or fire-resistant doors (fireproof)
As the name suggests, these doors have special properties and meet increased requirements for fire resistance and sound insulation. They can be decorated with any of the above materials and colors. But their price is correspondingly higher than non-fire doors.

Door furniture
We are talking about locks, handles, plumbing latches (rotary knobs), cylinders (cores) and plugs. Manufacturers meet customers' needs, so the choice here is also very large. Try not to make a mistake in selecting hardware components and purchase them as a set. Although, now there are certain standards and successful combinations are possible. Oh, and don't forget the door hinges. When choosing them, take into account whether your door will be left-handed or right-handed. Some manufacturers already equip their products with embedded locks at the factory.

Door frames, platband
Usually supplied with the door. Both MDF and various types of wood are used as raw materials. There are boxes that are adjustable to the thickness of the walls. They can be painted or decorated with veneer or laminate. The same can be said about the platband.

Modern interior doors perform many functions, the main one of which is to delimit the space of different rooms into separate living areas, for each of which you can create an independent atmosphere, highlight the different purposes of the rooms and create completely different interior designs. Also, interior doors allow a person to retire in his own world and space. So, in one room a child can do his homework in complete silence, and in another room there will be a fun and noisy feast for his parents and family friends. If we talk about the aesthetic side, then interior doors can decorate and highlight the interior of a room, highlight some of its elements or visually enlarge the space.

One of the most popular interior doors are doors made of wood. Moreover, wooden interior doors can be either made of solid wood or made of a frame and MDF or chipboard. Next, we will look at the main structural elements of an interior door.

False box
A false frame is predominantly a wooden product, which is installed during the construction stage and greatly facilitates the future installation of an interior door. This product is a box into which the door frame is installed. Modern builders usually do not use false boxes - polyurethane foam is used instead. Polyurethane foam fixes the doors in the opening, and the fixation process itself is very simple, inexpensive and quick. However, polyurethane foam is short-lived and over time the door becomes loose. If you install a false frame in the opening, this situation will not occur - the doors will be rigidly fixed for a long time.

Door leaf
The door leaf is the movable part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Door leaves are divided into solid, paneled and glazed. Glazed door leaves are equipped with through openings into which transparent, frosted, colored or embossed glass is installed. Solid doors are distinguished by the absence of panels and glazing.

Paneled doors are distinguished by the presence of flat or convex panels. Panels can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard. It should be understood that solid wood panels are used least often, since when installed in rooms with a high level of humidity, they can change their shape and deform the door leaf or, on the contrary, shrink, which will cause the appearance of unpainted areas on the panels. That is why doors with similar elements require support for certain climate conditions, however, if the panels are made of MDF or chipboard, they are not so sensitive to humidity levels and temperature.

It should be understood that the canvases are made of solid wood or a solid wood frame with a honeycomb filling and MDF or chipboard panels. Doors made from a single piece of solid wood are heavy, which requires the installation of stronger door hinges, which require more careful maintenance. Unlike solid wood doors, frame doors are lightweight, which does not place any special demands on the quality and strength of door hinges.

Door frame
The door frame (frame) of an interior door is a fixed element, which is made of solid wood or MDF and is a profile to which the door leaf is attached. The door frame is securely installed in the false frame. In case of foaming, the door frame is installed directly in the doorway and attached to the wall. It is necessary to understand that during assembly, the dimensions of the door frame are adjusted directly to the door leaf, and not to the door connector in the wall.

The box consists of two vertical posts and one or two crossbars. Special slots are made in the vertical and transverse racks, which allow the installation of telescopic trims. If such an element is not provided, no slots are made.

In terms of stylistic design, the door frame is made to match the color and texture of the door leaf. However, it is not always made from identical coating material. For example, you can find doors made of natural veneer with a door frame with artificial coating to match the color and texture of the natural veneer of the door leaf.

Interior door frames
Platbands for interior doors are decorative overlay elements that hide the junction of the door frame and the doorway. The connection of the door frame can be either foamed or with a false frame. Platbands are traditionally made from various materials, among which the most popular are those made of solid wood, veneered MDF or plywood. According to the style of execution, platbands are divided into flat, figured and semicircular.

It should be noted that, depending on the installation, there are overhead and telescopic platbands. Overlay trims are simply applied to the door elements and part of the wall and secured using adhesives or fasteners. Telescopic platbands are distinguished by a special method of fastening, which is provided at the production stage of the door frame. At the production stage, slots are made in the door frame into which special guide elements of the platbands are inserted. This solution allows you to install the platbands perfectly evenly relative to the door frame and door leaf.

Door access
A door extension is an installation decorative element of an interior door, which is used if the width of the door frame does not match the width of the wall. The extension is a wooden panel that is installed between the platband and the door frame, which allows you to elegantly hide the excess of the wall, which was formed due to the difference in the width of the door frame and the wall.

The use of extensions made it possible to aesthetically solve the problem by finishing the section of the wall that was not covered by the frame. Previously, this part was covered with wallpaper, putty applied or painted. With the advent of door extensions, this problem was solved by itself. There is no need to invent anything, and most importantly, there is no need to draw out and level the corners of the doorway - they are completely formed by platbands and additional trim.

The door leaf is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

A door frame is an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

The door leaf straps (with a frame solution) are bars, mainly made of softwood, located around the perimeter of the door.

Middles are bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the frames.

Panels are panels that fill the space between the frames and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.

Molding is a shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.

Layouts are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass.

Frame (or bead) - an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Lips or door trims are embossed profile slats designed to cover the narthex of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs are blocks with a shaped profile intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Decorative overlays (false slabs) - overhead decorative profiles glued to glass or a double-glazed window from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).

Plinth is a sewn-on narrow panel that is used to close assembly seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors.

Platbands are wooden (plastic) profile strips that serve to frame the doorway and cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.

Bedside tables - the transition from the trim to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.

The narthex is the junction (connection) of the door leaf with the pillars of the door frame. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or on the inside of the frame that closes the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold is a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Flashing is a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Usually the ebb is installed on the outer side of the lower horizontal profile of the window and is its integral part.

A profile is a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology is usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.

Profile system - a set (set) of main and additional profiles that form a complete structural system of door (window) blocks, reflected in the technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.

Seals are elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section that run along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and sashes and protect against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

The reinforcing liner is a profile steel element installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads.

Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.

Today we will tell you about what types of interior door designs exist and what you should pay attention to when choosing them.

Often, a buyer in a store chooses a door based on its appearance. This is of course important. But no less important is its design feature: what it is made of, how it will behave in certain conditions.

• Natural array.
• Paneled.
• Shield ones.

Each of these types, based on a number of features of the composite material, production method, coating and appearance, has several design options.

Canvases of this type are produced in two ways: from solid wood and from spliced ​​wooden blocks. The first option is rarely found on sale due to its high price.

The spliced ​​solid wood structure has the following characteristics and composition:

• These sheets are made by gluing solid wood onto tenons.. At the same time, maximum durability of the canvas is achieved due to the absence of sampling of knots and resin formations from the tree.
• The wood is dried before entering the conveyor. At the exit, its humidity does not exceed 8 percent.
• Different types of wood are used in production: valuable – oak, walnut, mahogany; economy class - pine. Pine wood is more common because it costs much less than its counterparts.

Important! If you decide to update your interior with a door made of natural solid wood, then purchase 3 hinges for it. This type is very heavy!

• Wooden ones have excellent sound insulation(cm. ) . However, they do not differ in increased moisture resistance. To increase the service life of such canvases, varnish coatings are applied to them in several thin layers. The thinner the layer, the better the structure of the wood is preserved.

Advantages of natural wood: “solid” appearance, fairly high strength, extended service life, environmental friendliness, variety of color shades (see).

The disadvantages include the high weight of natural canvases, the rather high cost and the instability of the wood itself to withstand high humidity.

The modern design using panels has the following features:

• Canvas- consist of three main parts: frame (frame), paneled insert and finishing coating.
• Frame elements- made from glued timber. The main material for it is pine.
• – this is an insert (filler). It serves as a connecting link for the main frame. Made from MDF or chipboard. To secure the panel more firmly in the frame, solid wood glazing beads are sometimes used.
• MDF– environmentally friendly and reliable material. In its production, small shavings are used, which are bonded using a natural adhesive. This substance is released when wood is heated.
• Chipboard– chipboard. It is cheaper compared to MDF. But it has a lower moisture resistance coefficient.
• To increase strength, additional transverse inserts made of wooden beams are used. In any model, it is mandatory to strengthen the “lock” part of the canvas. That is, at the place where the lock is inserted (95-100 cm from the bottom edge of the canvas).

Important! The more panels separated by timber, the stronger it is.

There are combined paneled doors. The bottom of the canvas consists of a wooden frame and panel, and the top is hollow with honeycomb filling.

External covering of paneled interior doors

The protective function in the paneled structure is performed by the decorative outer layer. It is made from various materials: natural veneer, fine-line and laminate. Additional protection is varnish applied in several layers or paint.

• Natural veneer is a thin cut of wood 0.5-07 mm thick. In addition to its protective function, sliced ​​veneer is of no small importance in aesthetic terms. It preserves the entire structure of natural wood. It is made mainly from the following species: beech, oak, walnut, ash.
• Eco-veneer (fine-line) is manufactured using excellent technology. First, thin sections are made (like natural ones). Next, these sections are laid in the direction of the fibers and pressed into slabs with the addition of special resins and coloring fillers. After this, a cut is made across the grain.

Important! Eco-veneer is the most durable decorative coating available. It has excellent moisture-proof properties. With such a coating you can install it in the bathroom without fear.

• To increase the service life of the veneer, an MDF backing is inserted between it and the main structure of the veneer. Its thickness varies from 3.5 to 6 millimeters.
• Laminated coating. It costs less than veneer, but is also inferior in quality. If you decide to buy with laminate, then check that all its edges are securely taped.
• High enamels. Coating with high-quality “high” wood enamels in several layers significantly increases the cost of the finished product.

Panel door design

There are two design varieties: hollow with filler and solid:

• Hollow ones have a frame made of spliced ​​wooden beams, an internal filler (most often honeycomb), an MDF backing and a decorative protective coating.
• The internal cellular filler is made of cardboard or hardboard. It has a structure reminiscent of a honeycomb. The main properties: strength and noise reduction depend on the size of the cell in diameter. The denser the material and the smaller the size of the aggregate honeycomb, the higher these properties are.
• At the place where the lock is attached (see) there is reinforcement made of timber.
• The outer backing of the MDF sheet is veneered or laminated for protection.

The advantage of hollow panel doors is their low weight, low cost and the absence of “guidance” of the leaf due to design features.

Disadvantages - low level of strength and sound insulation.

• In solid panel doors, one or more chipboard slabs serve as a filler. If there are several of them, then between them there are special elastic pads made of cork material.
• An MDF gasket is glued to the chipboard, and then veneer or laminate is applied.

Glazing of an interior door

How are glazed interior doors made? Glass has a number of undeniable advantages over solid canvases - a more aesthetic appearance and the ability to transmit additional light into the room.

There are several design features of glazed panels:

• The glass is inserted and removed thanks to a slot in the upper end (see). This type is typical for paneled doors. With this production method, inexpensive glass is used: frosted, sprayed and fusing.
• The glass is solid from the top to the bottom edge of the canvas. This design uses high-quality glass - triplex. The glass surface is impact resistant. On the sides of the canvas there are wooden blocks with a groove into which glass is inserted to a depth of about 50 mm. To ensure secure fastening, silicone sealant is applied to the grooves.
• During the production of the canvas, glass is inserted from the side and then covered with the side of the frame. This method is used in collapsible types. Their frame is not tightly glued, but is tightened with anchors, which are hidden under the edge finishing coating.