Fundamental documents that establish the procedure and frequency of acceptance and periodic testing of ventilation systems smoke protection buildings and structures with artificial impulse, are the Norms fire safety of the Republic of Belarus “Smoke protection of buildings and structures. NPB 23-2000 “Methods of acceptance and periodic tests” and GOST 12.3.018-79 “Ventilation systems. Methods of aerodynamic tests".

Acceptance tests of smoke protection systems are carried out upon acceptance into operation of newly constructed, reconstructed and repaired buildings, as well as upon completion of major and restoration repairs of smoke protection systems. Periodic tests are carried out in accordance with the technical and operational documentation of the building, but at least once a year. Acceptance and periodic testing of smoke protection systems for buildings must be carried out by specialized organizations licensed to carry out installation, repair, maintenance, and adjustment of these systems in the presence of representatives of the state fire inspection.

All measurements during aerodynamic tests must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.018. Before starting aerodynamic tests in the building, the situation specified in NPB 23-2000, paragraphs 4.2-4.4 is reproduced. All measurements during aerodynamic tests of smoke protection systems are performed no earlier than 15 minutes after the situation in the building according to paragraphs 4.2-4.4 is created. and turning on the fans of the smoke protection system.

When conducting aerodynamic tests, it is recommended to use the following measuring instruments:

combined pressure receiver - for measuring dynamic and total pressures flow at air speeds of more than 5 m/s and static pressures in steady flows;

differential pressure gauges - for recording pressure differences;

anemometer - for measuring air speeds less than 5 m/s; barometer - to measure pressure in the environment;

thermometer - for measuring air temperature;

psychrometer - for measuring air humidity;

tachometer - to determine the number of revolutions of the electric motor and fan shaft;

stopwatch - to determine time intervals during testing;

ruler - to determine the coordinates of pressure and velocity measurement points, geometric parameters air ducts and smoke exhaust valves.

When carrying out tests, the aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation systems, excess static pressure in protected volumes (staircases, elevator shafts, elevator and staircase halls, airlocks), air flow rate removed through smoke valves directly from the premises, corridors (halls) on escape routes are determined , the flow rate (speed of movement) of air in the door when leaving the floor (room) on the evacuation route. The measurement locations for the listed controlled parameters are determined taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.3.018, the design solution of the smoke protection system and the space-planning solutions of the building.

The aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation systems and excess static pressures in the protected volumes of the building are determined using a combined pressure receiver and differential pressure gauge. Excess static pressure in protected volumes is measured in relation to the adjacent room (hall, corridor and other rooms), while static pressure receivers in these rooms are placed at the same height and located at a distance of at least 0.5 meters from the enclosing structures.

The speed of air movement in door openings, valve openings and other openings is determined using an anemometer.

Schematic diagram of measurements of parameters of the smoke protection system and gas exchange on the floors of the building during operation ventilation system smoke protection is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig 3.

1 - smoke removal shaft, 2 - smoke-free stairwell of the second type (H2), 3 - elevator shafts, 4 - floor corridor, -> - directions of air flow.

The amount of excess static pressure in the protected volumes must be at least 20 Pa. The measured volumetric air flow rate removed from the room or corridor must be no less than the calculated value. The maximum pressure drop at the doors of escape routes should not exceed 150 Pa. The air flow supplied to airlock vestibules operating during a fire with one open door into a corridor, hall or basement should be determined by calculation or by the air speed in the door opening (air speed must be at least 1.3 m/s).

Test results for smoke protection systems must contain:

full address, nature of use, departmental affiliation, series standard project buildings (if any);

type of tests (acceptance or periodic);

a list of measuring instruments used during aerodynamic tests, indicating the serial number and date of verification (calibration);

a brief description of the smoke protection system, including information about its constructive solution, installed equipment;

diagrams of the smoke removal and supply ventilation system;

information about the technical condition of the smoke protection system at the time of testing;

GOST R 53300-2009

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

Acceptance and periodic testing methods

The smoke control systems of buildings. Methods of acceptance and routine tests

OKS 13.220.50

Date of introduction 2010-01-01
with the right of early application*
_______________________
*See Notes label.

Preface

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State budgetary institution"All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" Ministry Russian Federation for civil defense matters, emergency situations and liquidation of consequences natural Disasters(FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"

3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 18, 2009 N 76-st

4 This standard takes into account the requirements international standard EN 137:2006* "Respiratory protective devices - Self-contained Breathe-helping machine open loop with compressed air with full face. Requirements, testing, marking"

________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting Customer Support. - Database manufacturer's note.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

6 REPUBLICATION. June 2019


The rules for the application of this standard are established in Article 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ "On Standardization in the Russian Federation" . Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system common use- on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

1 area of ​​use

1.1 This standard establishes the procedure and frequency of acceptance and periodic testing of smoke ventilation systems for buildings and structures for various purposes (hereinafter referred to as buildings).

1.2 The test results established by this method are intended to evaluate technical condition smoke ventilation systems at new construction and reconstruction sites, as well as at existing buildings.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative reference to the following standard:

GOST 12.3.018 SSBT Ventilation systems. Aerodynamic test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for current year. If an undated reference standard is replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If a dated reference standard is replaced, it is recommended to use the version of that standard with the year of approval (adoption) indicated above. If, after the approval of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is made that affects the provision referred to, it is recommended that that provision be applied without regard to that change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Frequency and composition of tests

3.1 Acceptance tests of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems are carried out during the commissioning of new construction and reconstruction projects.

3.2 The list of indicators monitored during acceptance testing of smoke ventilation systems is presented in Table 1.

Table 1

3.3 During acceptance tests, the indicators and characteristics given in 6-11 of Table 1 must be checked.

Additionally for a comprehensive condition check fire protection the object as a whole should be subject to control indicators 1-5 of table 1.

3.4 The required parameters of exhaust smoke ventilation systems must be taken on the basis of ventilation passports made in in the prescribed manner the organization that set up the systems.

3.5 Periodic testing of smoke ventilation systems must be carried out at least once every 2 years.

3.6 During periodic testing, only the parameters specified in 6-11 of Table 1 should be monitored.

3.7 When conducting periodic tests, at least 30% of total number supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems, identified by random selection.

4 Procedure and sequence of acceptance and periodic tests

4 Procedure and sequence of acceptance and periodic tests

4.1 Acceptance tests are carried out after completion of installation, running-in of ventilation units, adjustment engineering equipment, carrying out fire protection work, certification of systems.

4.2 During testing, the initiation of the operation of smoke ventilation systems must be carried out by the commissioning organization in the required combination of system interaction.

In the absence of data on the order of operation of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems, it is allowed to initiate the operation of the systems in the automatic control mode by first de-energizing the electrical receivers of the systems automatic fire extinguishing, alarm, voice notification, etc.

4.3 Monitoring of the actual parameters of exhaust smoke ventilation systems should be carried out at the smoke intake devices in the network sections furthest from the fans.

4.4 In above-ground smoke-free staircases of type H2, excess pressure measurements must be carried out in two stages:



- all doors of the staircase are closed, with the exception of the door on the floor leading from the building to the outside; measurements are taken on the closed door of the adjacent floor located above the floor equipped with an exit from the building to the outside.

In underground smoke-free staircases of type H2, excess pressure measurements should be carried out in two stages:

- all staircase doors are closed, measurements are taken at behind closed doors lower and upper floors;

- all doors of the staircase are closed, with the exception of the door on the floor leading from the building to the outside; measurements are taken on the closed door of the adjacent floor located below the floor equipped with an exit from the building to the outside.

4.5 When monitoring the actual parameters of the supply smoke ventilation systems specified in 4.4, all doors of the rooms (vestibules, halls, lobbies, corridors) located along the evacuation route from the staircase to the external exit must be open.

4.6 Determination of excess pressure in elevator shafts connecting above-ground floors should be made at the door of the adjacent overlying floor in relation to the main landing floor; in elevator shafts connecting underground floors - on the door of the adjacent lower floor in relation to the main landing floor.

In elevator shafts that provide a connection between above-ground and underground (including basement) floors, the values ​​of excess pressure on the adjacent floors below and above are subject to measurement in relation to the main landing floor.

4.7 When monitoring the actual parameters of the supply smoke ventilation systems specified in 4.6, the elevator must be on the “main landing floor”, the doors of the cabin and the elevator shaft must be open.

4.8 Measurement of excess pressure in elevator shafts on underground (including basement) floors should be carried out at open doors elevator halls.

4.9 Measurement of excess pressure in airlocks should be carried out with the doors closed in relation to the simulated smoke-filled room.

4.10 To determine the rate of air flow through the open doorway of the airlock, measurements must be made on the air supply device of the supply smoke ventilation system. It is allowed to carry out the above measurements in the channel section with a pitot tube in accordance with the provisions of GOST 12.3.018.

Recalculation of the results obtained must be carried out in accordance with section 6 of this standard.

4.11 All measurements must be made with the window openings closed.

4.12 Decorative and protective grilles of smoke intake devices that change the direction of air flow must be dismantled before testing.

4.13 All measurements are carried out no less than 2 minutes after the systems are started and reach stationary mode.

4.14 The number of air speed measurements must be at least:

- 6 for vane anemometers;

- 10 for hot-wire anemometers.

4.15 Measuring points with anemometers in the measuring section must be equidistant from each other.

4.16 Thickness fire retardant coating checked randomly, but not less than 15% of total area surfaces of fire-resistant air ducts.

4.17 Permissible value The discrepancy between the actual parameters in relation to the values ​​specified in the ventilation passports for exhaust smoke ventilation systems should be no more than 15%.

4.18 If it is necessary to determine the thickness of the fire retardant coating on open areas fire protection work, taking into account the provisions of 3.3, the value of the standard deviation from the nominal thickness of the fire retardant coating of the air duct is taken according to technological regulations for application of fire retardant composition.

5 Instruments and measuring instruments

5.1 The flow rate of air removed by exhaust smoke ventilation systems and the speed of air flow through the open doorway of airlocks are measured by anemometers with an accuracy class of at least 1.0.

5.2 The pressure drop in staircases, elevator shafts, airlocks, and elevator halls is measured by a differential pressure gauge with an accuracy class of at least 1.0.

5.3 The thickness of the fire-retardant coating of fire-resistant air ducts is determined by a thickness gauge with an accuracy class of at least 1.0.

5.4 Anemometers, differential pressure gauges and thickness gauges used during testing must be registered in State Register measuring instruments, have verification certificates.

5.5 The measurement ranges of instruments must comply with the requirements of Table 2.

table 2

5.6 Differential pressure gauges must be equipped with two hoses, each at least 3 m long. The internal cross-section of the hose is selected according to the external diameter of the pressure receiver.

6 Processing of measurement results

6.1 Based on the results of all primary measurements, the arithmetic mean values ​​of the measured parameters are determined

Where - present value measured parameter in the th dimension;

- amount of points.

6.2 The actual volumetric flow rate of air removed by the smoke control exhaust ventilation system is determined by the formulas:

where , is the air flow rate in the air intake and air supply device, respectively, m/h;

, - flow area of ​​the smoke intake and air supply device, respectively, m.

6.3 The speed of air flow through an open doorway is determined by the formula

Where - average speed expiration supply air through the open doorway of the airlock vestibule, m/s;

- area of ​​the door (larger leaf), m.

6.4 The standard deviation from the nominal thickness of the fire retardant coating is determined by the following formula

where is the standard deviation, mm.

7 Presentation of results of acceptance and periodic tests

7 Presentation of results of acceptance and periodic tests

7.1 Based on the results of acceptance and periodic tests of smoke ventilation systems, a protocol is drawn up, the form of which is presented in Appendix A.

Appendix A (recommended). Form of aerodynamic acceptance test report

Form of aerodynamic acceptance test report

1 Acceptance object

2 Purpose of acceptance

3 Acceptance method

4 Acceptance procedure

5 Acceptance results

5.1 List of indicators to be assessed and assessment results (Table 1).

Table 1

5.2 Main results of tests of exhaust smoke ventilation systems (Table 2).

table 2

5.3 Main test results of the supply smoke ventilation system (Table 3).

Table 3

6 Conclusions

Bibliography

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2019

After the introduction of GOST R 53300-2009 “SMOKE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. Methods of acceptance and periodic testing”, this type of work has become easier there is a generally accepted standard that can be referred to.

There are several types of tests, let's start with support in the stairwell, architects seem to call them H2 (above-ground smoke-free staircase).

It looks something like this:

Rice. 1. Ventilation of a smoke-free staircase, view from the outside.

The supply is usually from above, with the door to the street below. The bottom door opens outwards. Up close it looks like this:

Rice. 2. Exit to the street from the staircase. Internal doors

floors open towards the staircase.

The air supply for pressurization in this case looks like this: a valve at the top of the staircase, installation on the roof.

The choice of measurement points is described in GOST; questions arise about the details. First inconvenience passage impulse tube

. During testing, the door seems to be closed, so how do you get the tube through? Most appropriate place

In this case, a slight leak in the door ledge is possible, it has very little effect on the result, since in both test modes according to paragraph 4.4. sensitivity to small leaks is low. Although, of course, if in the second mode the pressure is at the lower limit, 20 Pa, then the opening needs to be sealed.

We measure the pressure, enter it into the log, and adjust it if necessary. Based on the final measurements, we draw up protocols. The second tube, not in the photo, in accordance with GOST sometimes needs to be moved away from the measuring point.

Tests are carried out in two modes:

At this stage, sometimes difficulties arise. The two test modes are very different; in order to meet the standard in the second mode, a powerful fan with high flow rate and, accordingly, pressure is needed.

When moving to testing in the first mode, with all doors closed, there is very high pressure in the stairwell.

Actually, this is not an adjustment issue: designers must provide for both options; there are two main ways: selecting a suitable fan or a pressure relief system. In the second case, adjustment comes down to adjusting the valve, in the first - to adjusting the fan.

Support in the elevator shaft

We simply fulfill the requirements of GOST we move the elevator to the desired floor and open the doors.

On the adjacent floor we open the elevator door, for this you need a triangular key, or, as a last resort, combination pliers.

The arrow shows the lock for manually opening the elevator doors.

We measure the backwater. Based on the measurement results, we compact or decompact the elevator shaft or ventilation network.

That's all. Due to the clarity of pressure measurements, the difficulties are hidden in the details.

Registration of measurement results

For each final measurement, a protocol is drawn up and attached to the passport. Therefore, the passports for smoke ventilation systems are thicker than the passports for general ventilation.

The fire testing laboratory of ANO "RAESA" has already conducted many tests of smoke removal systems at all possible facilities.

• Also, we periodically publish all our inspections and tests of a particular object. You can view the protocols for the following objects:
• M.Video stores;
• Air flow measurements of PD-1 and PD-2 systems in the Ermolino residential complex, Vidnoye;
• Checking the smoke removal system and air pressure in the building of the Multifunctional shopping complex with the Vesna hypermarket, Moscow region;

Aerodynamic testing of the ventilation system at the Giproniizdrav Business Center, Moscow.

PROTOCOL No.___

1. ______________________________________________________________________________

(name and address of testing center)

2. ______________________________________________________________________________

(name and address of the customer)

3. Characteristics of the ordered service _______________________________________________________________________________

(name of object, address and date of inspection)

4. Organization that carried out the installation ________________________________________________________________________________

(name of organization, details, certificate No., validity period of the Certificate)

5. Description of the test method and procedure ________________________________________________________________________________

6. Measuring instruments

7. Design solution ______________________________________________________________________________

8. Performance assessment ________________________________________________________________________________

9. Conclusions based on test results ________________________________________________________________________________

10. Performers

Tests were carried out by: ____________________________________________________________

(position, surname, initials, signature)

Additional Information(applications)

(accreditation certificate)

In conclusion, it should be written that if you have any questions related to conducting any tests in the field of fire safety, please write to us at

Smoke during a fire makes it difficult to breathe and the ability to clearly distinguish surrounding objects, being an additional factor of danger to the life and health of people. remove smoke from the room and provide a supply of fresh air.

Smoke removal systems include air ducts, smoke removal fans and fire dampers, automatically triggered when smoke appears. To ensure the reliable operation of the smoke removal system, it requires periodic testing.

Normative base

The regulations for testing smoke removal systems are prescribed in GOST R 53300-2009. The document lists the methods of acceptance and periodic tests, indicates their frequency, and provides a sample of the recommended form of the test report. The latter is a mandatory addition to the smoke control system passport and cannot be a substitute for this document. Some of the data entered into the test report duplicates the information given in the ventilation passport.

Types of smoke removal system tests

Acceptance tests. This type of testing is carried out during the commissioning of the facility. All smoke removal systems in a building or structure are tested. The list of indicators to be analyzed is listed in GOST R 53300-2009 in the form of a table:

Periodic testing. The frequency of periodic testing should be at least once every two years. At least 30% of smoke removal systems installed in a building or structure are analyzed. Despite the fact that the smoke removal system undergoes mandatory acceptance tests, deviations from GOST requirements are often revealed during periodic tests.

It is best to carry out periodic testing of smoke control systems: in administrative and commercial buildings - during non-working hours, during residential buildings– during the least activity of residents. In this case, it will be easier to measure air flow rates on the smoke removal system valves and excess pressure values ​​in smoke-free staircases, airlocks and elevator halls.

Typical problems and their effective solutions

The most common non-conformities identified during testing of smoke protection systems are the following:

• when triggered fire alarm the valves of smoke removal systems do not open;
• the permissible excess air pressure in rooms, corridors, halls, and elevator shafts has been exceeded.

A full readjustment usually allows you to return the smoke control system to normal performance.

Based on the test results, a test report is issued, which contains information about the object, purpose, methods, procedures and test results, as well as a list of indicators to be assessed, and the assessment results themselves.

It has great experience works on design, installation and maintenance of smoke protection systems for buildings and structures. With us you can always get detailed advice, order the design and testing of any necessary systems security.