And Oleg remembered his horse 4. Prophetic Oleg or Grand Duke of Kievan Rus

Subject. Chronicles. “And Oleg remembered his horse.”

Lesson objectives: introduce children to excerpts from chronicles, help them understand the need to know history; develop interest in history and historical works; develop attention and observation, the ability to find outdated words in the text.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment.

2. Goal setting.

3.Checking homework. Work in groups.

II. Updating students' knowledge
- What new genre of works did we get acquainted with in the previous lesson?

What is a chronicle?
- Who is the main character of the chronicle you read? What did you find out about him?
III. Formation of the educational task of the lesson
- Guys, today in class we will continue working on chronicles. But before formulating the educational objective of the lesson, I suggest you listen to an excerpt from a poem by A.S. Pushkin’s “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” and understand what else we don’t know about the Grand Duke?
Listening to a short excerpt from A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” (from the beginning of the poem to the words “But you will accept death from your horse”)

SONG ABOUT THE PROPHETIC OLEG

How is the prophetic collected now?
Take revenge on the foolish
Their villages and fields for a violent raid
He condemned him to swords and fires;
With his squad, in Tsaregrad armor,
The prince rides across the field on a faithful horse.

From the dark forest towards him
An inspired magician is coming,
An old man obedient to Perun alone,
The messenger of the covenants of the future,
He spent his entire century in prayers and fortune-telling.
And Oleg drove up to the wise old man.

“Tell me, magician, favorite of the gods,
What will happen to me in life?
And soon, to the joy of our neighbors-enemies,
Will I be covered with grave soil?
Reveal to me the whole truth, do not be afraid of me:
You will take a horse as a reward for anyone.”

“The Magi are not afraid of mighty lords,
But they don’t need a princely gift;
Their prophetic language is truthful and free
And friendly with the will of heaven.
The coming years lurk in darkness;
But I see your lot on your bright brow.

Now remember my words:
Glory is a joy to the warrior;
Your name is glorified by victory;
;
Both the waves and the land are submissive to you;
The enemy is jealous of such a wondrous fate.

And the blue sea is a deceptive wave
In the hours of fatal bad weather,
And the sling and the arrow and the crafty dagger
The years are kind to the winner...
Under the formidable armor you know no wounds;
An invisible guardian has been given to the mighty.

Your horse is not afraid of dangerous work;
He, sensing the master's will,
Then the humble one stands under the arrows of enemies,
Then he rushes across the battlefield.
And the cold and the lashing are nothing to him...
But you will receive death from your horse.”

What event happened in Oleg's life?
- Look at the title of the chronicle that we will read today, correlate the title with the content of the excerpt from the poem by A.S. Pushkin and determine the learning objective of the lesson.
- What do you think we will need in order to understand how Oleg accepted death from his horse? (children offer options: read, analyze, draw conclusions).
IV. Reading the Chronicle
Reading aloud "Chain"
V. Conversation on content
- Did you like the chronicle? What exactly?
- What did you learn from the plot of the chronicle? What did you discover?
- Look at the illustrations in the slide show, do they correlate with the content of the chronicle? What events do they depict?
- What was unclear about the content? What words and expressions would you like to clarify? (make out the words “magician”, “magi”, “prince”, “reproach”, “this”).

VII. Re-reading the chronicle with a preliminary task
- Guys, re-read the chronicle yourself again and try to find the answer to the question “Was Oleg’s weakness or strength of character manifested in an event that happened in Oleg’s life?”
VIII. Analysis of the chronicle text
- Guys, is it possible to unambiguously answer the question posed before re-reading the chronicle? (no, because you need to think about it).
- Let's try to figure it out. Read Oleg's dialogue with the magician. What do the lines “and these words sunk into Oleg’s soul” mean?
- How did Oleg react to the magician’s prediction?
- Why do you think Oleg made such a decision: was he afraid or did he show fortitude?
- Re-read Oleg’s dialogue with the groom. What did the groom tell him? How did Oleg react to the groom’s message about the horse’s death? (“Oleg laughed and reproached that magician...”).
- Why did Oleg react like that, why did he laugh and say that the Magi lied to him? (he was disappointed in their predictions).
- Re-read the episode in which Oleg goes to say goodbye to the horse and see its bones. How does this episode end? Why did Oleg die?
- What qualities of Oleg’s character do you think are manifested in this episode: the strength and weakness of his character?
- When a person is very worried about something, is it strength or weakness? Does a person have the right to worry and sympathize? Does a warrior, the leader of an army, have the right to do this? (The main thing is for children to understand that worrying, sympathizing and caring about someone is a normal human state, that’s why he is a man, to feel. Prince Oleg is also a man, and nothing human is alien to him. He loves his horse, and , of course, is very worried about his death, so even if this can be called weakness, one cannot blame him for it).
- Read the episode about how the people grieved after Oleg’s death.
- What words and expressions does the chronicler choose to show how hard the people suffered the news of the death of Prince Oleg?
- How do you feel when you read these lines?
- Do you think the chronicler and his people are experiencing great grief? How did you find out about this? Prove it. (He selects special words and constructs sentences in a special way to convey the intonation of crying and grief. It is especially necessary to draw children’s attention to the rhythm “and they mourned, and suffered..., and buried...”, which creates the image of a woman wailing at a funeral).
- If the chronicler conveys his feelings and his attitude towards what is happening, can this be attributed to elements of artistry? (Yes, sure).
- Let's see if the chronicler conveys the feelings and emotions of his hero - Prince Oleg? Find lines in the text that confirm your assumptions (“And these words sunk into Oleg’s soul,” “Where is my horse, which I ordered to feed and take care of?” (experience and care for the horse, love for his friend), “Oleg laughed and reproached that magician (disappointment): “The wise men are telling lies, but everything is a lie: the horse died, but I am alive” (some irritation from disappointment).
- Look again carefully at the text of the chronicle and try to guess what else is in this text that never happens in scientific texts? (Dialogues).
- Can we finally say that thanks to the chronicles we were able to imagine the image of Prince Oleg? (Yes, we can already tell what he was like).
- Now draw a conclusion about what elements of artistry are present in this chronicle.
- And the last question that we must answer is why did the Russian people love Oleg so much? (He was a great commander of that time, faithfully served his state, took care of his people, and at the same time was a man who was not alien to human weaknesses - he believed in magicians, loved his horse, feasted with his squad after military campaigns, etc.).
IX. Reading the chronicle by role
- Now guys, when we know what feelings the chronicler reflected in his chronicle, we will try to convey these feelings to the listeners. We will learn to read expressively by role.
- Determine how many readers should be involved? (narrator, Prince Oleg, magician, groom).

X. Consolidation of the studied material.

1. Comparative analysis of A.S. Pushkin’s poem and the chronicle.

Learn to read from printed texts.

What is this poem about?

2. Word drawing. What kind of illustration can you draw?

What will you draw in the foreground? In the back?

“Oleg on horseback and the Magi”, “Oleg next to the horse’s skull”, “Oleg’s funeral”.

XI. Lesson summary. Why did the chroniclers write, and why do you and I read?

Homework: Differentiated:

Group I - expressive reading of the last passage of the chronicle.

Group II - compose the syncwine “Prince Oleg”.

Subject. Chronicles. “And Oleg remembered his horse.”

Kuban. "Chronicles of the Kuban Land."

Lesson objectives: introduce children to excerpts from chronicles, help them understand the need to know history; develop interest in history and historical works; develop attention and observation, the ability to find outdated words in the text.

Equipment: “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” by A.S. Pushkin – printed texts.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment.

2. Goal setting.

3.Checking homework. Work in groups.

Updating knowledge.

Chronicle – recording the most important events from year to year, from summer to summer.

Birch bark – the top layer of bark removed from birch bark.

Birch bark letters –Old Russian letters on birch bark.

Scroll - a rolled-up parchment manuscript.

Parchment – specially treated leather (calf, lamb, pork) so that you can write on it.

4.Work on new material.

1. Primary reading with commentary(Texts are distributed to students).

Because - because. Magi, magicians- sorcerers, sorcerers. Prince - a polite address to the prince. To reproach is to blame. This one is this one. Reputed - known.

2. Conversation on content:

Which prince are we talking about in this passage?

What death did the Magi predict for the prince?

What did Prince Oleg do with his horse to avoid death?

Did he manage to escape fate?

Have you noticed that almost every sentence begins with the conjunction “AND”?

(This gives the speech melodiousness and coherence, one sentence seems to flow into another). What other genres of literature are characterized by such melodiousness and slowness?

3. Repeated expressive reading.

5. Physical training

The horse's hoof clattered

shook his head

Bowed his head low

And he drank water in the river.

Raised his head again

And he galloped across the field.

6. Consolidation of the studied material.

1. Comparative analysis of A.S. Pushkin’s poem and the chronicle.

Learn to read from printed texts.

What is this poem about?

2. Word drawing. What kind of illustration can you draw?

What will you draw in the foreground? In the back?

“Oleg on horseback and the Magi”, “Oleg next to the horse’s skull”, “Oleg’s funeral”.

3. Kuban. Chronicles of the Kuban land. Exhibition of books.

7. Lesson summary. Why did the chroniclers write, and why do you and I read?

Homework:Differentiated:

Group I - expressive reading of the last passage of the chronicle.

Group II - compose the syncwine “Prince Oleg”.

We know about the ancient Russian prince Oleg the Prophet from the “Tale of Bygone Years”, which was written by the monk Nestor the Chronicler. In his work, Nestor described all the events that took place in the life of the Slavic people, the princes who led the powerful state.

What do we know about Oleg the Prophet?

The Tale of Bygone Years also describes how the inhabitants of Kievan Rus fought against invaders who encroached on the territory of their state. Prophetic Oleg is a prince who managed to unite Kievan Rus into one great state. In 907, Prophetic Oleg gathered his army and went on a military campaign against Byzantium.

The inhabitants of Byzantium did not expect that the prince had such a large army and were forced to surrender. However, Oleg did not need their territory; he ensured that the Byzantines recognized Kievan Rus as an independent state and concluded military and trade agreements with them. It is interesting that Prince Oleg served as a prototype for the creation of the hero of Russian epics, Volga Svyatoslavovich.

“And Oleg remembered his horse”

The poem “And Oleg remembered his horse” is an excerpt from “The Tale of Bygone Years.” Nestor the Chronicler tells us about the mysterious and mystical circumstances of the death of the prophetic Oleg. One day, the Magi came to the Prophetic Oleg, who told him that he would die because of his horse.

The prince did not want to believe in the prediction, because he loved his horse, which was his faithful assistant in all battles. However, the prince did not want to play with fate, and, saying goodbye to his friend, personally killed him. Oleg ordered the dead horse to be burned on the top of the mountain so that nothing remained of it.

A few years later, the prince remembered the predictions of the Magi and decided to climb the mountain to see the bones of the horse and make sure that the Magi were wrong. Only the horse's skull remained on the mountain. Oleg took it in his hands and grinned: after all, the skull could not kill him.

At that moment, a poisonous snake crawled out of the eye hole on the skull and bit the prince. A few minutes later, Prophetic Oleg died next to the skull of his horse. The magi's prediction came true - the prince was killed because of the horse.

The authenticity of the legend about the death of Prophetic Oleg

Chronicle sources have survived to this day, in particular the “Tale of Bygone Years”, the Novgorod Chronicle, which confirm the circumstances of the death of the prophetic Oleg from the bite of a poisonous snake. However, doubts are raised by the fact that there were many such legends at that time.

Shortly before Oleg's death, an Icelandic Viking died in the same way Odd Orvare, to whom a sorceress prophesied death by horse at the age of twelve. Some historians are confident that the prophecy of the Magi was made up by a contemporary of the prince in order to make his death mystify.

• Together with your parents, find and read the work of A. S. Pushkin “Song of the Prophetic Oleg.”
  What new information did you gain about the main character and historical events from this work?

The magician predicted to the prince that he would die from his beloved horse. Oleg ordered the horse to be taken away and remembered the prediction only four years later, when the horse had long since died. Oleg laughed at the magician and wanted to look at the bones of the horse, stood with his foot on the skull and said: “Sleep, lonely friend!” (According to legend: “Should I be afraid of him?”) However, a poisonous snake lived in the horse’s skull, which fatally stung the prince.

• Observe the language and style of the text of the chronicle and Pushkin’s work “Song of the Prophetic Oleg”. Draw your own conclusions. Pay attention to the use of information (dates, descriptions of historical events), means of artistic expression.
  What phrases from the poetic text would you like to use in your story about Oleg the Prophet? Write it down.

A.S. Pushkin worked a lot on the text of the poem, described in artistic form the events conveyed in the chronicle, selected rhymes, and the chronicler only sought to convey the facts, although he reported them with feeling. What sounds more concise and restrained in the chronicle is filled with substance in Pushkin. This allows you to better understand the characters' characters and the reasons for their actions. In the chronicle, the image of Oleg is more generalized, it has few individual features. In the ballad, the prince is more humane, he has a stronger expression of emotions. Before us appears the image of not only a mighty warrior and ruler, but also a person with his own strengths and weaknesses. In the poem by A. S. Pushkin, the image of Prince Oleg is the most picturesque. The chronicles do not describe the appearance of Prince Oleg; only from A.S. Pushkin’s poem do we learn that Oleg was blond, like many Slavs. The chronicle mentions dates and maintains the chronology of events.

Farewell, my comrade, my faithful servant,
The time has come for us to part...

Magician, you lying, crazy old man,
I would despise your prediction!

Sleep, lonely friend! ...
So this is where my destruction was hidden!
The bone threatened me with death!

Prophetic Oleg is the founder of Kievan Rus. In pagan times he was revered as one of the most powerful magicians. His power was practically limitless. He knew the past and the future, and knew how to control the forces of nature. Oleg had no doubt: the Gods favor him.

From the Tale of Bygone Years, 912

“And Oleg, the prince, lived in Kyiv, having peace with all countries.
And autumn came, and Oleg remembered his horse, which he had previously set out to feed, having decided never to mount it. For he asked the wise men and wizards: “What will I die from?”
And one magician said to him: “Prince! Your beloved horse, on which you ride, is the one you will die from!” These words sank into Oleg’s soul, and he said: “I will never sit on him and see him again.”
And he ordered to feed him and not to take him to him, and he lived for several years without seeing him, until he went against the Greeks.
And when he returned to Kyiv and four years had passed, in the fifth year he remembered his horse, from which the wise men predicted his death.
And he called the elder of the grooms and said: “Where is my horse, which I ordered to feed and take care of?”
He answered: “He died.” Oleg laughed and reproached that sorcerer, saying: “The sorcerers speak lies, but it’s all a lie: the horse is dead, but I am alive.”
And he ordered him to saddle his horse: “Let me see his bones.”
And he came to the place where his bare bones and bare skull lay, got off his horse, laughed and said: “Should I accept death from this skull?” And he stepped on the skull with his foot, and a snake crawled out of the skull and bit him on the leg.
And from this he got sick and died. All the people mourned him with great lamentation, and they carried him away and buried him on a mountain called Shchekavitsa; His grave exists to this day and is known as Oleg’s grave.
And all the years of his reign were thirty and three.”

While walking around Podol, walk along the ancient street Olegovskaya, named after Kyiv Prince Prophetic Oleg. There are still old houses here, the facades of which are decorated with wooden carvings.

This street leads to the top of the Kyiv mountain Shchekavitsa. This is one of the mountains from which Kyiv began. The mountain is named after Cheek, one of the brothers who founded the city of Kyiv. You can read more about the founding of Kyiv in the article

People also call it Olegovka or Oleg's mountain. According to legend, he was buried on this mountain Kyiv prince Prophetic Oleg.

Once upon a time, A.S. Pushkin loved to wander around Mount Shchekavitsa, trying to find the grave of Prince Oleg.

Read:

Famous poem A.S. Pushkin's "Song of the Prophetic Oleg"

How the prophetic Oleg is now planning to take revenge on the foolish Khazars,
Their villages and fields for a violent raid
He condemned him to swords and fires;
With his squad, in Tsaregrad armor,
The prince rides across the field on a faithful horse. An inspired magician walks towards him from the dark forest,
An old man obedient to Perun alone,
The messenger of the covenants of the future,
He spent his entire century in prayers and fortune-telling.

And Oleg drove up to the wise old man. “Tell me, magician, favorite of the gods,
What will happen to me in life?
And soon, to the joy of our neighbors-enemies,
Will I be covered with grave soil?
Reveal to me the whole truth, do not be afraid of me:
You will take a horse as a reward for anyone.” “The Magi are not afraid of mighty rulers,
But they don’t need a princely gift;
Their prophetic language is truthful and free
And friendly with the will of heaven.
The coming years lurk in darkness;
But I see your lot on your bright brow. Now remember my word:
Glory is a joy to the warrior;
Your name is glorified by victory;
Your shield is on the gates of Constantinople;
Both the waves and the land are submissive to you;
The enemy is jealous of such a wondrous fate. And the blue sea is a deceptive shaft
In the hours of fatal bad weather,
And the sling and the arrow and the crafty dagger
The years are kind to the winner...
Under the formidable armor you know no wounds;
An invisible guardian is given to the mighty. Your horse is not afraid of dangerous work;
He, sensing the master's will,
Then the humble one stands under the arrows of enemies,
Then he rushes across the battlefield.
And the cold and slashing are nothing to him...
But you will receive death from your horse.”
Oleg grinned - however
And the gaze was darkened by thoughts.
In silence, leaning his hand on the saddle,
He gets off his horse, gloomy;
And a faithful friend with a farewell hand
And he strokes and pats the cool guy’s neck.

"Farewell, my comrade, my faithful servant,
The time has come for us to part;
Now rest! no one will step foot

Into your gilded stirrup.
Farewell, be comforted - and remember me.
You, fellow youths, take a horse, Cover it with a blanket, a shaggy carpet;
Take me to my meadow by the bridle;
Bathe; feed with selected grain;
Give me spring water to drink.”
And the youths immediately departed with the horse,
And the prince was given another horse. The prophetic Oleg feasted with his retinue
At the clink of a cheerful glass.
And their curls are white as morning snow
Above the glorious head of the mound...
They remember days gone by
And the battles where they fought together... “Where is my comrade? - said Oleg, -
Tell me, where is my zealous horse?
Are you healthy? Is his running still as easy?
Is he still the same stormy, playful person?”
And he heeds the answer: on a steep hill
He had long fallen into deep sleep. The mighty Oleg bowed his head
And he thinks: “What is fortune telling?
Magician, you lying, crazy old man!
I would despise your prediction!
My horse would still carry me.”
And he wants to see the horse’s bones. Here comes the mighty Oleg from the yard,
Igor and old guests are with him,
And they see - on a hill, on the banks of the Dnieper,
Noble bones lie;
The rain washes them, the dust covers them,
And the wind stirs the feather grass above them.

The prince quietly stepped on the horse's skull
And he said: “Sleep, lonely friend!
Your old master outlived you:
At the funeral feast, already nearby,
It’s not you who will stain the feather grass under the ax
And feed my ashes with hot blood!

So this is where my destruction was hidden!
The bone threatened me with death!”
From the dead head of the grave serpent,
Hissing, meanwhile she crawled out;
Like a black ribbon wrapped around my legs,
And the suddenly stung prince cried out.
The circular buckets, foaming, hiss

At the mournful funeral of Oleg;
Prince Igor and Olga are sitting on a hill;
The squad is feasting on the shore;
Soldiers remember days gone by
And the battles where they fought together.

Vladimir Vysotsky in his work he presents his vision of past events