Coniferous trees names. Evergreen long-livers of the earth - coniferous trees Her Majesty - thuja
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In addition to flower crops, interest and demand for evergreen and coniferous trees and shrubs has recently grown. And this is understandable. Because they look the same all year round, they support the composition of the garden or plot, which in itself is very profitable and attractive. In addition, these plants are very beautiful and combine harmoniously both in a group and individually.
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Grape
In gardens and personal plots, you can choose a warmer place for planting grapes, for example, on the sunny side of the house, garden pavilion, or veranda. It is recommended to plant grapes along the border of the site. The vines formed in one line will not take up much space and at the same time will be well lit from all sides. Near buildings, grapes must be placed so that they are not exposed to water flowing from the roofs. On level areas it is necessary to make ridges with good drainage due to drainage furrows. Some gardeners, following the experience of their colleagues from the western regions of the country, dig deep planting holes and fill them with organic fertilizers and fertilized soil. The holes, dug in waterproof clay, are a kind of closed vessel that is filled with water during the monsoon rains. In fertile soil, the root system of grapes develops well at first, but as soon as waterlogging begins, it suffocates. Deep holes can play a positive role on soils where good natural drainage, permeable subsoil is provided, or reclamation artificial drainage is possible. Planting grapes
You can quickly restore an outdated grape bush using the layering method (“katavlak”). For this purpose, healthy vines of a neighboring bush are placed in grooves dug to the place where the dead bush used to grow, and covered with earth. The top is brought to the surface, from which a new bush then grows. Lignified vines are laid on layering in the spring, and green ones - in July. They are not separated from the mother bush for two to three years. A frozen or very old bush can be restored by short pruning to healthy above-ground parts or by pruning to the “black head” of an underground trunk. In the latter case, the underground trunk is freed from the ground and completely cut down. Not far from the surface, new shoots grow from dormant buds, due to which a new bush is formed. Neglected and severely frost-damaged grape bushes are restored due to stronger fatty shoots formed in the lower part of the old wood and the removal of weakened sleeves. But before removing the sleeve, a replacement is formed. Grape care
A gardener starting to grow grapes needs to thoroughly study the structure of the grapevine and the biology of this interesting plant. Grapes are vine (climbing) plants and require support. But it can spread along the ground and take root, as is observed with Amur grapes in a wild state. The roots and aboveground part of the stem grow quickly, branch strongly and reach large sizes. Under natural conditions, without human intervention, a branched bush of grapes grows with many vines of different orders, which begins to bear fruit late and produces crops irregularly. In cultivation, grapes are shaped and the bushes are given a shape that is easy to care for, ensuring a high yield of high-quality bunches. Planting lemongrass
Schisandra chinensis, or schisandra, has several names - lemon tree, red grapes, gomisha (Japanese), cochinta, kozyanta (Nanai), kolchita (Ulch), usimtya (Udege), uchampu (Oroch). In terms of structure, systemic relationship, center of origin and distribution, Schisandra chinensis has nothing in common with the real citrus plant lemon, but all its organs (roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, berries) exude the aroma of lemon, hence the name Schisandra. The schisandra vine that clings or wraps around a support, along with Amur grapes and three types of actinidia, is an original plant of the Far Eastern taiga. Its fruits, like real lemons, are too sour to be consumed fresh, but they have medicinal properties and a pleasant aroma, and this has attracted a lot of attention to it. The taste of Schisandra chinensis berries improves somewhat after frost. Local hunters who consume such fruits claim that they relieve fatigue, invigorate the body and improve vision. The consolidated Chinese pharmacopoeia, compiled back in 1596, states: “the fruit of Chinese lemongrass has five tastes, classified as the first category of medicinal substances. The pulp of lemongrass is sour and sweet, the seeds are bitter and astringent, and in general the taste of the fruit is salty. Thus, All five tastes are present in it." Grow lemongrass
Coniferous trees are beautiful all year round; their resistance to changing seasons invariably attracts gardeners and landscape designers. For the most part, they are undemanding in terms of growing conditions and care, and can withstand both summer heat and winter cold. In addition, currently there are many varieties of coniferous plants - trees and shrubs; choosing something suitable for a given site is not at all difficult.
Spruce
Spruce is a landscape classic, an evergreen tree suitable for any site. Spruce will look great both as a central element and as a background for other plants; in a single planting, in a group, in the form of a hedge. Currently, there are more than 40 species of spruce, including species of natural origin and hybrid varieties. Many of the natural species have several ornamental varieties.
Spruce is a long-living tree; in Sweden, a spruce tree grows in a national park, which is 9550 years old. This is a record figure even for spruce trees, whose life expectancy is on average 200-500 years. The long-liver received his own name - Old Tikko.
The spruce grows slowly, in 10 years it grows to only one and a half meters in height, but it grows for centuries. In nature, this tree can be seen in the forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Spruce forest is dark and dense, most often without undergrowth, consisting of beautiful, slender trees up to 30 meters high.
Spruce is a monoecious tree, the crown is cone-shaped or pyramidal, with a whorled, prostrate or drooping arrangement of branches.
The roots of young trees are taproots, but with age the main root dries out and is replaced by numerous shoots that spread horizontally and shallowly in the ground.
The bark is gray or brown-gray, with thin flaky plates. The needles are tetrahedral, short, sharp, green. Each needle grows separately, from a leaf cushion, which becomes noticeable after the needles fall.
The cones are oblong and pointed, up to 15 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter. They do not crumble, but fall off after the seeds ripen in the year of fertilization. The lionfish seeds ripen in October and fall out of the cones. At this time, the wind picks them up and carries them around. Once in favorable conditions, they germinate and give birth to a new tree; their germination capacity lasts for about 10 years.
In the photo, one of the representatives of the family is a dwarf Canadian blue spruce:
Cedar
Cedar is another coniferous tree that has numerous forms that are attractive to designers. Naturally, if it is real cedar and not cedar pine. Cedar differs from other coniferous trees in the arrangement of its needles; they are collected in bunches of 20-50 pieces, whereas in pines and spruces they are single. A similar fastening of needles is observed in larch, but its needles are soft, while those of cedar are prickly and hard, and do not fall off in the fall.
Cedar cones stand on the branches, and do not hang down, like those of pines and spruces. They are similar in shape to fir cones, but rounder. After ripening, they crumble into pieces, while the seeds are scattered by the wind.
The shape of the crown is also unique. In Lebanese cedar it is wide, spreading like an umbrella. The branches in it are arranged in tiers, the symmetry of which is not observed in all trees. The needles are green, gray-green, blue-green, the length of the needles is 3-4 cm, they are collected in bunches of 30-40 pieces.
Atlas cedar
Atlas cedar has a cone-shaped crown, which makes it similar to a regular spruce. Its needles are also collected in bunches, they are very short - about 2.5 cm. The color is silver-gray or blue-green.
There is even a weeping form of Atlas cedar, which, without a doubt, will become the highlight of the landscape, especially if it is a rocky Japanese garden with a natural or artificial pond. Let's look at the photo:
Atlas cedar
Its branches hang down just like those of a weeping willow, only instead of delicate leaves there are prickly needles that look unusual, but are quite gentle and attractive:
Atlas cedar
Himalayan cedar
Himalayan cedar has a wide cone-shaped crown with a blunt top and horizontally growing branches. But it also has hanging shoots, although a non-specialist will easily mistake it for a spruce of a slightly unusual shape:
Himalayan cedar
The needles of the Himalayan cedar are light green, up to 4-5 cm long, and grow in bunches.
Despite certain differences, cedars have a lot in common. All of them are evergreen trees that grow up to 50-60 meters in height. At an early age they grow slowly, then increase in height faster.
The bark of young specimens is smooth, but with age it becomes scaly, cracking, and dark gray in color.
Cypress
Cypress is a completely different matter, a special species in the family of evergreen coniferous trees and shrubs. It’s not for nothing that in the East it is considered the standard of harmony. This tree with its entire appearance seems to indicate that it will not take up much space in your garden and will not require special care. But not all cypresses are laconic; among them there are also shrubs with wide, spreading crowns. This large family consists of 20 genera and 140 species.
Cypress prefers warm climates. In the Northern Hemisphere, it can be seen in the tropical and subtropical zones, on the coasts of the Black and Mediterranean Seas. And also in the Himalayas, the Sahara, and China. In the Western Hemisphere it grows in Central America, Mexico and the southern states of the USA.
The leaves of cypress trees are small, at first they are needle-shaped, like needles, then scale-like, tightly pressed to the branches. Cypress is a monoecious plant - male and female flowers appear on the same tree. The cones are ovoid or round, ripen in the second year after appearance, the seeds are flattened, with wings.
Cypress evergreen
Evergreen cypress is a tree that can be seen on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Crimea. Its height reaches 30 meters, the crown is narrow, columnar, with short branches raised up and pressed to the trunk. It has been cultivated since ancient times; it is a true long-liver, capable of living for more than 2 thousand years. In Turkey it is considered a tree of sorrow and is planted in cemeteries. In the photo are evergreen cypress trees:
Cypress evergreen
Arizona cypress
Arizona cypress is native to the southwestern regions of the United States and Mexico. This is a fairly tall tree, up to 20 meters high, with well-developed roots. Despite its southern origin, it can withstand frosts down to -25 degrees, but young trees must be covered with agrofibre for the winter.
Arizona cypress
Large-fruited cypress
Large-fruited cypress has a columnar crown. But this feature occurs only in young specimens; with age, the branches become gentle, bend and form a wide, spreading crown.
The needles of large-fruited cypress have a pleasant lemon scent, so it is readily grown in winter gardens or in bonsai culture.
Large-fruited cypress
Weeping Cypress
Weeping cypress has drooping branches. The plant comes from China, where it is often planted in cemeteries.
Cypress is also part of the Cypress family, and there are 7 species that grow in the Northern Hemisphere. The plant is evergreen, monoecious, coniferous, with a cone-shaped crown. Branches growing upward or prostrate and drooping, trunk scaly, brown or brown. Under natural conditions it grows up to 70 meters, in culture – up to 20-30 meters.
The leaves of the cypress tree are pointed and look like small scales. The cones are not large, woody, round, up to 12 mm in diameter. The seeds ripen in the first year.
Weeping Cypress
Lawson's cypress
Lawson's cypress is a tall and slender tree with a narrow cone-shaped crown that widens downward. Its top is tilted to one side. The trunk has thick, red-brown bark, which becomes patchy and scaly over time. The needles are shiny, green, with whitish stripes. The cones are oval and round, about 1 cm in diameter, light brown, with a bluish-blue coating.
In general, the tree is very beautiful, looks great in alleys and in plantings together with other types of cypress trees, but, unfortunately, low frost resistance does not allow it to be grown in regions with harsh winters. In the photo there is a Lawson cypress:
Lawson's cypress
Pea cypress
Pea-bearing cypress is a tall, up to 30 meters, tree with a cone-shaped crown, native to Japan. Outwardly, from a distance it looks like deciduous trees, but its needles are the same as those of all members of the family.
Pea cypress
Cryptomeria
Cryptomeria - the name of this evergreen tree is often written or pronounced along with the definition: “Japanese”. And for good reason - the tree comes from the Japanese islands, is considered a symbol of the Land of the Rising Sun, and has a second name: Japanese cedar. Although it belongs to the Cypress family, it does not belong to the cedar genus.
There is only one species of this plant in nature; there are no hybrid varieties based on it yet, although it has been known in cultivation since 1842. In Russia, it is grown in Crimea and on the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea.
The tree is quite tall and fast-growing, growing up to 70 meters. The crown is dense but narrow. The bark is fibrous, red-brown, the trunk is massive - up to 4 meters in diameter.
The needles are subulate, more like rose thorns than needles, but up to 3 cm longer. The color of the needles is light green, but in winter it acquires a yellowish tint.
The tree is monoecious, male flowers grow from the axils of the shoots in bunches. Female single, located at the ends of the shoots. The cones are round, 2 cm in diameter, ripen in the first year, but fall off the following summer. Seeds with wings, about 5-6 mm in length.
In the photo, Cryptomeria japonica:
Cryptomeria japonica
Larch
Larch is a deciduous tree of the Pine family. The leaves of this tree are very similar to needles, but in the fall they fall off and appear again in the spring, like deciduous trees, which is why in Russia it is called larch. There are 20 species of this tree in total, 9 of them grow in Russia.
The tree is large, up to 50 meters high, and a trunk diameter of about 1 meter. The growth per year is 1 meter, larch is a long-liver, capable of living up to 400 years, but it is rarely used in culture.
Its crown is not dense, in young specimens it is cone-shaped, in areas with constant winds it can be one-sided or flag-shaped. The root system is strong, branched, without a pronounced main root, but with numerous and deeply extending lateral processes.
The needles are soft, bright, grow spirally on long shoots, and in bunches on short shoots, like cedar. In autumn it falls off completely. The tree is monoecious with male and female flowers. Seeds develop in female cones from 15-20 years of age.
From a distance, larch can be mistaken for a beautiful spreading spruce:
Larch
Microbiota
Microbiota is a coniferous shrub of the Cypress family. There is only one species of this plant - cross-paired microbiota, growing in the Far East of Russia. The number of the species is declining due to the fact that seeds cannot spread far from the parent bush, and perennial thickets are destroyed by forest fires, so the species is included in the Red Book of Russia.
It is a prostrate shrub with creeping thin shoots, so it can be mistaken for the creeping form of the thuja. The needles are scaly, green in summer and brown in winter; in young plants they are needle-like on shaded shoots. The cones are small, single-seeded, and consist of 2-3 scales. The root system is fibrous and dense.
The microbiota grows very slowly, producing only 2 cm of growth per year, but is distinguished by its longevity - it can grow in culture for more than 100 years. In general, microbiota looks very appropriate in single and group plantings, therefore it is always in demand among gardeners. On the picture:
Microbiota
Juniper
Juniper is a dioecious, coniferous plant of the Cypress family, very common in the Northern Hemisphere. More than 70 species of this plant inhabit different climatic zones of the planet, some of which thrive in Russian spaces and can live up to 600 years.
Tree-like junipers are capable of forming separate forests, while shrubby ones grow as an understory or third layer in coniferous and deciduous forests, as well as on rocky slopes.
Juniper shrubs are creeping, with shoots about 1.5 meters long, but tree-like forms can reach 30 meters in height.
Juniper leaves are opposite, needle-shaped, oblong. In young specimens they can be in the form of needles, in adult plants they can be scale-like, pressed to the stems. The berries are cone-shaped, with tightly closed scales, each containing from 1 to 10 seeds, which ripen in the 2nd year.
Juniper
Fir
Fir is a coniferous tree of the Pine family. Just like cedar, its cones grow upward and fall apart on the tree. Up to 50 species of fir grow in the Northern Hemisphere. The tree is powerful and tall - up to 60 meters, with a moderately spreading cone-shaped crown.
The bark of the trunk is gray; in different species it can be smooth and thin throughout its life, or thick and fissured.
In the photo there are Korean fir cones:
The root is taproot, strongly recessed. The needles are flat, with a pointed or rounded tip, located singly or spirally on the branches.
The cones are cylindrical, ripen in 1 summer, disintegrate in the fall, releasing seeds with wings, carried by the wind.
In Russia, dark coniferous forests occupy quite significant areas, in the European part and Eastern Siberia - approximately 15 million hectares, with a total timber reserve of 2.6 billion m3. Coniferous trees grow both in mountainous regions and on plains. In dark coniferous forests, mainly evergreen, shade-tolerant coniferous trees grow, such as:
- Fir;
- Spruce (European or common);
- Cedar Pine Siberian.
These forests are always gloomy, shady, and humid. This is explained by the fact that in them there is low illumination and low heating of the underlying forest plants and soil due to the densely packed crowns of these trees and the high density of the tree canopy.
The average temperature in dark coniferous forests in July, the warmest month, is slightly above 10 degrees. It is at this temperature that, firstly, in coniferous trees, the “ripening” of young shoots that appeared in the spring occurs; secondly, the formation of a tank-protective layer on the surface of the needles and branches, necessary for the wintering of these plants.
In dark coniferous forests there are both pure stands of trees and mixed species of coniferous trees with other deciduous species. For example, in the Carpathians and the Caucasus, Fir grows together with Beech; in Siberia - Fir and Siberian Cedar Pine; in the Far East - Korean Cedar Pine, Fir, Ash; on o. Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands - Fir together with Ayanskaya Spruce. Mountain fir forests are of great water-protection, climate-regulating, soil-protecting and water-regulating importance.
Fir
The pine family is widespread in the mountains, less often on the plains, from the Carpathians to the Kuril Islands. This is an evergreen ornamental, coniferous pine tree of the dark coniferous forest. It has a straight trunk, the height of which reaches 80 (sometimes - 100 m), diameter - 0.5-2 m, a dense cone-shaped crown with whorled branching and interwhorled shoots. At the ends of the shoots there are developing buds, blunt or slightly pointed, greenish, reddish or brownish in color, in some species of Fir they are resinous.
On the smooth bark of the plant, numerous swellings (nodules) containing fragrant, transparent resin are visible.
Fir leaves are perennial, flat, linear, fragrant, non-thorny, dark green, shiny needles. At the top the needles are slightly blunt, on its lower side there are two oblong, white stripes. Each strip has 3-4 rows of stomata. Observations have shown that each needle can survive on a tree for 7-10 years. Fir blooms in May.
In the lower part of the edge, on the upper side of two-year-old shoots, in the axils of the needles, there are male spikelets (microstrobiles), single, oblong, with yellow or red anthers. The transfer of spikelet pollen even over long distances occurs due to the presence of two flying, air sacs in pollen grains.
In the upper part of the crown, at the end of last year's shoot, there are female seed cones (megastrobiles), single, green or reddish-violet. Inside the cone there are scales arranged in a spiral manner, covered with a protective layer of resin, in the axils of which the bud seeds sit in pairs. Ripe cones are erect, purple or brownish in color, oval or cylindrical. The winged seeds, after ripening in the first year, scatter along with the scales in September-October.
Fir reproduces by seeds, rarely vegetatively (cuttings and layering). Fir is a shade-tolerant, moisture-loving tree of the pine family that is demanding on soils: they should be light, sandy loam, loamy, fairly moist, well fertilized. The plant does not tolerate air pollution from smoke and gas; very unstable to fire, so fir forests suffer greatly from fires.
Various species of this plant are of great importance in various industries and medicine. Turpentine is obtained from fir resin, and essential oil is obtained from cone needles - the raw material for the production of medicinal camphor. In folk medicine, infusion of pine needles and decoction of buds are used to treat various diseases.
As the main forest-forming species, it is used in construction, in the pulp and paper industry, and in container production. As a beautiful ornamental plant, it is planted in gardens and parks of populated areas.
European or common spruce
Evergreen coniferous tree, pine family. Distributed in the European part of Russia, the Baltic states, Belarus, the Carpathians, Asia and North America. These are graceful, slender, decorative trees of the pine forest, the height of which reaches 20-50 m, have a straight, large trunk, gradually thinning to the very top. Covered with scaly bark of red-brown color. The crown is slender, dense, pyramidal, with horizontally spaced or slightly drooping branches, with rising branches at the ends.
Since Spruce is a shade-tolerant plant, its lower branches are well preserved and can even take root. But, having a superficial root system, it is not very stable and therefore can be uprooted by a strong wind. On the folds of the bark, which look like oblong pads, needles are located singly and spirally, which remain on the tree for up to 7-8 years. The needles are tetrahedral, prickly, pointed at the apex; “blooms” in May. In a closed forest stand it begins to “bloom” at the age of 25-30 years, in a sparse stand - from 10-15 years.
In spring, Spruce produces male spikelets and female cones. Male spikelets (microstrobiles) are greenish-yellow in color, located at the ends of last year's shoots. They consist of numerous scales arranged spirally on a rod. Each scale has two anthers containing pollen grains. Each pollen grain has two air sacs, which increases its flight properties. This coniferous pine tree is pollinated by the wind.
Female cones (megastrobiles) are fusiform or ovoid, have a central axis on which scales are located along the edge - wavy, in the axils of which there are other scales containing two ovules. The cones before ripening are erect, purple in color, after ripening they are sagging, light brown in color, shiny, the length of which is 10-16 cm, diameter - 3-4 cm. The seeds are oblong, winged, ripen in the year of “Spruce flowering” in October- November, after which they completely fall asleep (the scales do not crumble). Seed germination is good and lasts for 8-10 years.
Common or European spruce reproduces in nature - by seeds and vegetatively (by layering). In culture, mainly - rarely - vegetatively (by cuttings and grafting of apical shoots).
The soil for growing these coniferous trees requires well-drained, fresh, loamy, clay or sandy loam. This frost-resistant plant tolerates frosts of 40-55 degrees Celsius, suffers from both spring and autumn frosts, dry air, and gas pollution.
European spruce, common spruce, is an important forest-forming species. On the territory of Russia, the area of spruce forests exceeds 80 million hectares, the timber reserve is about 12 billion m3. Its elastic, soft wood is used in construction, in furniture production, for the manufacture of paper, and musical instruments (violas, violins, double basses).
Rosin, tar, and turpentine are extracted from Spruce; oil for making drying oil is obtained from the seeds of cones; tannins are obtained from the bark. Cone seeds are a favorite treat for squirrels. A decoction of Spruce buds, syrup from fresh buds, and ointment from oleoresin are used in folk medicine. As a beautiful ornamental plant, it is planted in gardens and parks, as well as in forest protection plantings.
Cedar Pine Siberian
The pine family is widespread in the northeastern regions of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia, and North America. This is an evergreen, coniferous tree, the height of which is 40 m and the diameter of the trunk is 1.5-2 m. Young pine trees have a sharp-pyramidal crown, in adults it is multi-vertexed, wide-spreading; has whorled branching. The upper branches are raised upward, candelabra-shaped.
On young branches and trunks, the bark is ash-silver in color, with transverse lentils of a brownish color. In adulthood it becomes fissured and gray-brown in color. The needles are long (5-12 cm), soft, in bunches of 5 needles, triangular in cross section, dark green with a bluish bloom. It remains on the tree for 3-7 years.
In early spring, male spikelets and female cones appear on the branches of the Siberian Cedar pine. In the middle part of the crown there are male spikelets (anthers). At the ends of the upper shoots there are female cones, 2-3 at the apical bud. Only the upper part of the crown bears fruit, the length of which is 1-1.5 m (rarely 2 m).
The cones are ovoid, 6-13 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, light brown in color. The scales of the cones are tightly pressed with thickened scutes. The cones contain from 80 to 140 brown seeds, the length of which is 10-14 mm, width - 6-10 mm. The seeds are mostly wingless, however, they are rarely found with a falling wing.
Siberian Cedar Pine has a tap-type root system, with lateral, widely spread roots; “blooms” in June. In closed stands it begins to “bloom” at the age of 40-50 years, in sparse stands - at the age of 13-15 years. In the second year after flowering, the seeds ripen in August, and a massive fall of cones occurs in September.
In a good year, one such large tree of the pine family can produce up to 10-15 thousand cones. It propagates in nature - by seeds, in culture - by seeds, seedlings, saplings, graftings. Cedar Pine Siberian, being a plant of a sharply continental climate, is frost-hardy. Light-loving in maturity, can grow on different soils, but loves well-drained, light, loamy, deep loamy, podzolic soils. Cannot tolerate air pollution from smoke and replanting in adulthood.
Siberian Cedar Pine is the most important forest-forming and nut-bearing species. The total area of forests that grows in Russia is 40 million hectares, the timber reserve is 8 billion m3. Industrial collection of pine nuts mainly occurs in the Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia.
Pine nuts are a valuable food product and a source of cedar oil. Resin is obtained from growing trees when they are cut. From pine needles - vitamin concentrates, pine pastes, pine flour. The soft, light, pinkish-yellow wood is used to make pencils, furniture, and musical instruments.
Cedar Siberian Pine is a very ornamental plant, thanks to its thick, golden, bluish, dark green needles. Therefore, it is planted in group or single plantings in gardens and parks in many countries around the world.
Can be found in the USA and Canada near small rivers, in coniferous forests, on mountain slopes, etc.
- evergreen conifer, with long branches that are pressed to the surface. The shoots are colored blue-green, and with the onset of the first frosts they acquire a brown tint.
The leaves on the reproductive shoots are needle-shaped, spiny, and extend no more than 6-7 mm from the branches. Juniper also has scale-shaped leaves that are oval in shape with a slight point at the end.
Introduced into decorative garden culture in the middle of the 19th century. Today it is often found in botanical gardens and arboretums. It began to appear in amateur gardens for decorative purposes quite recently, so horizontal juniper has only just begun to gain its popularity. 
It is very beautiful at the beginning of spring, because it is then that its needles acquire a steel tint, which is the main quality of coniferous plants. It will look beautiful on slopes, rocks, near small bodies of water, etc.
Mountain Mugus pine is widespread in the mountainous regions of the Alps and Balkans. In its natural habitat, this plant can reach a height of 2-3 m, but the width of its crown exceeds the height and is 3-4 m.
It is because of this shape that this coniferous plant is classified not as, but as. Mugus pine has short shoots that stretch upward.
Cypress trees are undemanding to the composition of the soil, so they are often found on the sides of roads and alleys in long and orderly rows. Their branches are dense and practically do not bend under snow or in strong winds.
Cypress wood is used in shipbuilding, and its oils have found their use in pharmacology and medicine.
This coniferous plant will be excellent among plantings. Due to the fact that it has a lush and slender crown, it is often planted in groups on alleys, terraces, etc.
Fir can be formed into an elegant and attractive crown, which will become a unique decoration of any yard, park or garden.
In its natural habitat, balsam is found on the rocky banks of small rivers and lakes. Due to its genetic predisposition, the plant can be planted near small artificial reservoirs, in which case the harmony will be at the highest level.
It should be noted that in decorative and landscape design, the most popular types of balsam are Nana and Hudsonia.But there are other varieties that differ in different colors of needles (from gray to silver), crown shape (pin-shaped, pyramidal, cone-shaped), and growth rate. 
Did you know?Fir balsam, which is isolated from balsam bark, is able to cleanse and rejuvenate the body. This balm has been known since ancient times; it was actively used by the inhabitants of Kievan Rus.
The needles have a comb arrangement on the branches. It is slightly dull, has a greenish tint, and small white stripes are observed in the lower part. The length of the needles varies from 20 to 25 mm.
Balsam fir cones are cylindrical in shape, tapering at the base. Their length reaches 10 cm, width - 25 mm. The color of the cones varies from dark purple to olive brown.
With proper care, a coniferous plant provides decorative value for 40-50 years. In its natural habitat, balsam fir lives for about 200 years.
Another representative of evergreen conifers, which is distinguished by exceptional longevity. In its natural habitat (North America, East Asia and Europe), the shrub can grow for 3000 years! 
There are many varieties, some of which have beautiful and lush decorative forms, others are large in size and are of no interest to landscape designers.
In decorative arts, yews are often used in the form of bushes or dwarf ones, which do not grow more than 3 meters in height.
Symbolizes the strength of the spirit, it is also a symbol of overcoming death. Guides in the Yalta Botanical Garden often recall that the yew guarded the entrance to the kingdom of Hades for many millennia, while it looked magnificent and slender, like an ardent Cerberus with a mountain of muscles.
Looks gorgeous both in a single planting and in an intricate composition. It will become a bright decoration and the main character of any garden, rock garden, or park. Decorative needles will be an excellent backdrop for graceful rock gardens and unusual alpine slides.
This decorative coniferous shrub has a dense crown and whorled branches. Its needles are of moderate rigidity, located alternately on short petioles.
Yew fruits are cone berries that have a cherry-red pericarp. Ornamental types of shrubs are demanding on the composition of the soil, but these are the only coniferous plants that can grow in shady places without much difficulty. 
Canadian spruce
A decorative type of coniferous plant, which, due to its low size, is more like a shrub. In the literature, there are often other names that accurately reflect the bright color of the needles: Glauca konika spruce, gray konika spruce, white konika spruce.
It is a miniature hybrid of gray spruce, so it is often used to decorate rock gardens, rocky gardens, terraces, and alleys. The plant was first discovered in the Canadian mountains at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Since that time, the miniature tree has rapidly filled homesteads, courtyards, parks and gardens around the world. Due to its compact size, the plant is used in art. Moreover, Canadian spruce is planted in pots and placed on windowsills.
Canadian spruce grows slowly and, with proper care and regular pruning, reaches a height of 1-1.5 m. Its crown is dense and very beautiful, the diameter varies from 1.5 to 2 m.
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