Temple on Kropotkin St. Antipas. Temple of Antipius in the Kolymazhny yard. Church near the sovereign's stables

The restoration and reconstruction of the Temple of the Holy Martyr Antipius in Kolymazhny Yard is nearing completion.
And the other day we had the opportunity from the lips of a very good restorer, not even that, Restorer (with a capital R. As always, I don’t remember names the first time, that’s why I didn’t remember his name. Although they want to bow down for such work) find out how they did it and see what happened as a result.
I will not tell the history of the Temple here. The parish very carefully preserves the history of its Temple, which has recently become very rare.

I have almost no pictures of the outside. It is not possible to remove it entirely from close up.



The temple consists of three things:

This photo is not mine. Photo from the Archnadzor website.
This is clearly visible in the photograph. The oldest is in the middle of the very end of the 16th century, 1596. White with two apses of different sizes and, which is rare, a small apse of a deacon, in fact, this chapel of St. Gregory the Decapolite has its own small dome.
The main altar in honor of the Hieromartyr Antipius of Pergamon.

Everywhere in the church they make very beautiful floors in the Byzantine style.

The shoulder blades have this finish.



natural plaster, with brick chips. It has a very pleasant warm terracotta shade. You don’t have to write it down anymore.



The old portals of the 16th century have been restored.


Deacon-chapel of St. Gregory the Dekapolite. The throne and altar were made very authentically.

Initially, a closed walkway was made around the Temple. In the 17th century, instead of a gallery on the south, the Nikolsky chapel was built, which was replaced in 1739-1741 by the current volume.


the high quad was restored. It was cut down during the last restoration.

On February 9, 1739, it was “allowed, at the request of Prince Sergei Alekseevich Golitsyn, instead of the dilapidated chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker at his parish church of the Holy Martyr Antipas on the Lazy Market at the Old Stables to build again in the same place at his expense, having previously dismantled the dilapidated chapel.” By 1741, the construction of the chapel was completed, and it was consecrated on May 4 of that year. The chapel located under it in honor of St. Great Martyr Catherine has been known since 1773. In the building of the southern aisles in the middle of the 19th century. The ceiling of the Catherine's chapel was dismantled and a circular gallery was made on the columns of the St. Nicholas Altar, so that it seems to be located in the choir.


in Soviet times there were two floors here without any of these wonderful arches, balustrades, etc.


Upper iconostasis of the Nikolsky limit


Lower St. Catherine



Sorry for the quality!!!

The iconostases here are all new, the old ones have not survived. They try to make them stylistically true to the photographs. It’s good that they didn’t gild the wood, as is fashionable now.


A cast iron staircase leads to the balustrade.



At first I thought, the Kasli casting must have been preserved.


It turns out no, this is a new staircase. Cast in the Moscow region. After all, we can!!

The floor is also mosaic



This arched window connected the central church with the St. Nicholas chapel

In 1798 with north side a chapel was added in honor of the Nativity of John the Baptist with a western porch and a bell tower. The additions of 1798 mark the last major construction period in the history of the temple.


Interestingly, all the extensions are highlighted with a corresponding color on the outside.


The painting in the northern aisle is almost finished. Here she was safer than in the rest of the area. That's why they knew what to write.



The dome painting was restored. The Archangels have been updated.



The rest was written again.


John the Baptist. They wrote the plot based on the surviving inscription under the fresco.

Address:

The Church of Antipas of Pergamon is located near the Kremlin in Kolymazhny Lane. You can quite rightly assume that the name that specifies it is also somehow connected with the name of the lane. Yes, in fact, the church is also called “Kolymazhny Dvor”. And the name is connected with the word “cracker”. IN modern language the word is used in an ironic manner in relation to a certain clumsy vehicle. However, in ancient times this was the name of a heavy horse-drawn carriage. And the Kolymazhny Yard, the storage place for the royal carriages, was built under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The Church of Antipas of Pergamon has existed here since the beginning of the 16th century.
And then - complete mysteries. The name of the architect is unknown, although it is assumed that it was built by the Italian Aleviz Fryazin. But it is only assumed.

In essence, it is unknown and exact time construction of the church.
The name of the temple builders remains a complete mystery. Although there are suggestions that the fact of the appearance of the temple is connected with the name of the Skuratov family and even with Malyuta Skuratov himself.
It is also unknown and incomprehensible why in old Moscow and in this very place a church was consecrated in the name of Saint Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, disciple of the Apostle John the Theologian.
Be that as it may, the Church of Antipas of Pergamon enjoyed exceptional popularity in the capital, perhaps like no other.

And that's why. Imagine the level of medicine in the 16th century. And imagine the level of dentistry at that time. Frankly speaking, none, because this area of ​​medicine is actually incredibly complex. At best, they could pull out a tooth with iron pliers. Can you imagine how many people suffered from toothache back then? No knowledge, no doctors, no medicines, no toothpastes, not even basic toothbrushes and the habit of brushing your teeth. What is toothache? You hardly need to tell about this. So the relics and icons of Antipas of Pergamum were famous not just for healings, but specifically for healings from toothache.

It is known that Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich himself went “to Antipius” and once even put “two silver teeth” to the miraculous image - then it was the custom to bring it to the icon of St. Antipia pendants in the form or with the image of a tooth and with a prayer for health.

According to legend, Ivan the Terrible married his wife in the church. another wife, and among his family prayer shrines was the tooth of Saint “Ontypius the Great”, bound in silver.
Another feature of the temple is two altars instead of the traditional one: the second one was consecrated in the name of St. Gregory the Decapolite.

But in general, the Temple of the Hieromartyr Antipas is considered the most interesting example of a temple that combines buildings from three architectural periods of Orthodox Moscow.

Contacts: Church of the Hieromartyr Antipas at Kolymazhny Yard

Address: Kolymazhny lane, 8/4, building 1

Nearest metro stations:
Kropotkinskaya (340m)
Borovitskaya (370m)
Arbatskaya (510m)

Driving directions:

The temple is a complex complex of structures different years the buildings. Its oldest part is the actual church of Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon. The time of its construction is indicated differently in different sources: the 1530s, 1596, 1617, 1624. The church arose in the grooms' settlement, and later the Kolymazhny Yard was transferred here from the Kremlin (located on the site of the current museum named after A.S. Pushkin) . A special feature of the temple is the presence of two asymmetrical apses (one contains the side altar of Gregory the Decapolite). This is the only two-apse church in Moscow.

Later, other parts of the building were built: in 1722 the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was added to the south (in 1739-1741 it was rebuilt into a temple), in 1798 - the northern chapel of the Nativity of John the Baptist and, from the west, a small refectory-narthex and a bell tower. These structures partially hid the old part of the temple.

The building has been restored since the late 1960s, with the old part of the temple being returned to its ancient forms (to end of the 19th century centuries they were significantly simplified: the quadrangle was covered hipped roof, the drum is devoid of decoration and is crowned with a large onion-shaped head). Initially, the work was led by the famous restoration architect L.A. David, who proposed to dismantle all the buildings of the 18th century and leave only the ancient core of the monument. The Museum opposed this fine arts, who intended to use these areas for a library. However, the top with the head of the Nikolsky chapel was dismantled (not restored, there is a restoration project).

The temple was re-consecrated on February 25, 2005, and regular services are held. Temple website - http://www.hramantipa.ru/.

It was presumably built in 1530 near the Sovereign's Kolymazhny yard, where at first there were stables, and then the royal carriages, carts and kolymags. Some construction and decorative techniques in architecture, churches are brought closer to buildings Italian masters who worked in Moscow in the first half of the 16th century.

The main building of the temple has a rare feature: it has two altars instead of one. The large altar was consecrated in the name of the Hieromartyr Antipas, and the small altar, which has its own blind dome, in the name of St. Gregory Dekapolit. The apses end, instead of a cornice, with two rows of small decorative kokoshniks. Inside the main temple there is a cross vault, without pillars. The light drum is crowned with a helmet-shaped head and decorated with light arcature.

The dedication of the chapel of the temple to St. Gregory the Dekapolite allows us to associate the construction of the building with the name of the closest associate of Ivan IV the Terrible - Malyuta Skuratov. In addition, the Skuratov estate in the 17th century. was closely adjacent to the territory of the church site, and the church, apparently, served as their family tomb.

One-headed, pillarless stone temple with the throne of the Hieromartyr Antipas, Bishop of Pergamon, later became the main core of the now existing complex building. In 1722, the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was added to the church from the south (rebuilt into a church in the Baroque style in 1739-1741 by Prince S. A. Golitsyn). In 1773, the northern aisle of the Great Martyr Catherine was erected. In 1798, a two-tier bell tower was erected with the northern aisle of the Nativity of John the Baptist located in it in strict classical forms, as well as a small refectory-narthex. The temple was renovated in early XIX V. and in 1901.

Closed in 1929. Used for housing, then as a utility room for the Pushkin Museum, which continues to retain its lease. In the 1950s, the domes and the head of the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker were destroyed. Inside the aisle and on the vaults of the refectory, fragments of the original painting with floral patterns have been preserved; on the vaults and niches of the Predtechensky aisle there are murals from the mid-19th century.

The temple community has existed since 1991.

Temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon, in the Kolymazhny yard May 14th, 2012

In Moscow, at the intersection of Kolymazhny and Maly Znamensky lanes, there is one of the oldest churches in the city - the temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon, in the Kolymazhny yard. Its construction belongs to XVI century.


The temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon, was built in the third quarter of the 16th century, although in historical sources there are more early date- 1530. In those days, the temple was located near the sovereign's Kolymazhny yard, where the royal carriages - kolymagi - were kept. Now on the site of Kolymazhny Yard is the building of the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin.

In 1514, for the grooms in the royal service who lived close to the Kremlin, the architect Aleviz Fryazin built a church made of wood. In the 1560s, instead of a wooden church, a stone church with two chapels was built. The main altar was consecrated in the name of the holy martyr Antipas, and the small altar in the name of Gregory Dekapolitus. There is a legend that the wedding of Ivan the Terrible to one of his wives took place in the church.


In 1627, Patriarch Filaret held a funeral service for the governor Dmitry Fedorovich Skuratov in the church. In 1737, the church was damaged due to the Great Fire of Moscow.

Now the church is an asymmetrical volume - from the south it is adjoined by the St. Nicholas chapel, built in 1739-1741, and from the northern and western parts by the chapel of John the Baptist (1798). Also in the temple there is a chapel of the Great Martyr Catherine (1773).

In 1798, an additional bell tower was built. The bell tower, consisting of two tiers, represents an important architectural accent in the development around the building.

In 1830, the Kolymazhny yard was broken. Its buildings, made of stone, were converted first into a riding arena, and soon into a transit prison. Then this transit prison was moved to Butyrki. After much squabbling, the territory of the former courtyard was given over for the construction of a museum of fine arts, since this place was the only one available for construction in the center of Moscow. The museum opened in 1912.

And this is the temple in 1881. The photograph was taken from the territory of Kolymazhny Yard, which had been dismantled not long before (heaps of stone remained from its buildings).

Two photographs of the temple taken shortly before the revolution from Maly Znamensky Lane. In 1913-1914:

And in 1916:

Iconostasis of the left altar of the Church of St. Antipius between 1920 and 1925:

The temple in the 1920s (view from Kolymazhny Lane):

The temple was closed in 1929. It was planned to open a neophilological library in the church. Then the church was transferred to the Central Art Courses of the Association of Artists of the Revolution. View of the temple in the 1920s from Maly Znamensky Lane:

The dome and head of the chapel of St. Nicholas the Pleasant were broken in the 1950s. In 1966, M.L. Bogoyavlensky described the condition of the temple: “The temple stands abandoned, its appearance is sloppy. Some crosses have been knocked down, there is no roof on the bell tower, rotten sheathing is falling down in pieces, the domes are full of holes, the plaster has fallen off. People live in the temple, some are occupied by stock". A photograph of Kolymazhny Lane from the 1950s shows a church without crosses:

The main restoration of the church took place in 1968. The restoration work was carried out by the architect L.A. David. At first, he intended to demolish all parts of the temple that dated back to the 17th-19th centuries and leave only the ancient core of the 16th century in place. But the Museum of Fine Arts interfered with the architect's plans, since he was going to place a library in the church; if the architect had managed to carry out his plan, the library simply would not have fit in the reduced building. In a photograph from 1976, the temple is already in scaffolding:

In 1983, the external restoration of 3 main parts of the temple took place; the dome and the dome with a cross over the southern church remained unrestored; the restoration was not considered complete. Two pictures from the mid-1980s:


The first color photograph found from 1988-1989 shows that the temple has already been externally restored:

In 1990, the external restoration of the church was carried out again, but the southern aisle was left without a dome. By 1991, the church community had re-formed. Classic view of the temple in 1993 (the same, but modern view can be seen in the first photo of the article):

February 25, 2005, on the day of remembrance of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow and Iveron Icon Mother of God, the temple became the property of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 2006, the church held its first bishop's service. Modern look to the temple from Kolymazhny Lane from the Museum of Fine Arts:


The temple of Antipius, Bishop of Pergamon is located in the Kolymazhny courtyard at the address: Kolymazhny lane, 8/4, building 1. The nearest metro stations are “Borovitskaya” or “Kropotkinskaya”.
Official website of the temple.

In the very center of the capital there is an ancient church, well known to Muscovites as the Temple of Antipas of Pergamon on the Kolymazhny Yard. For many years it housed first art courses, then a library, and only in the years following the changes introduced into our lives by perestroika did it open its doors to parishioners again. Our short essay about her.

Church near the sovereign's stables

At the time, to the north-west of the Kremlin there were royal stables. Since ancient times, this place was called Chertolye, and in subsequent years it received the name Kolymazhny Dvor, although the sovereign's carriages hardly looked like rattles. It is known that it was first mentioned in historical documents dating back to 1365.

Since nothing was done in those years without Heavenly protection, two churches were erected there - in the name of the Conception of John the Baptist and in honor of the holy great martyr Antipius of Pergamon. The first has not survived to this day (it was dismantled in the 18th century), but the second still stands today, reminding Muscovites of the days of the long past.

At first, the temple of Antipas of Pergamon in the Kolymazhny yard was wooden, as evidenced by a record made in 1530. But after stables with horses appeared on its western side in 1547, which were ridden (no joke!) by the sovereign himself, it was rebuilt and the walls were built of stone. The main throne, and it was double-throne, was consecrated, as before, in the name of the faithful disciple of John the Theologian - Bishop of the Pergamon Church Antipius, who glorified the Lord by his martyrdom. His memory is still celebrated by the Orthodox Church on April 24.

One of Ivan the Terrible's favorite churches

According to legend, Tsar Ivan the Terrible married one of his wives in this church, but when and with which one is unclear, there are different opinions. Although church charter allows no more than four marriages, the loving sovereign managed to do this seven times - after all, the law is not written to kings. However, it is possible that the last three wives were not married to him.

It was not by chance that the Temple of Antipas of Pergamon in Kolymazhny Yard was used special attention He considered the formidable king, the holy great martyr Antipas, one of his heavenly patrons, and among the most revered family heirlooms he kept his tooth, set in silver.

Tomb of the Skuratovs

It is also known that the church near the royal stables became the family tomb of the Skuratov family, one of whom, Malyuta, who was the head of the guardsmen of Ivan the Terrible, went down in Russian history as perhaps the most bloodthirsty villain of the past centuries. By the way, there is reason to believe that he took an active (financial, of course) part in the construction of the church itself and was buried in it after his death in 1573.

After the territory on which Chertolye was located was given to the Oprichnina in 1565, and everyone who lived on it was evicted, houses for the tsar’s entourage began to be built there. Among them was the estate of the sovereign's steward Pyotr Skuratov, one of Malyuta's relatives, mentioned in documents from 1638. It was adjacent to the church fence.

Aristocrats - temple parishioners

When one of the worst fires in its history broke out in Moscow in 1737, the Church of Antipas of Pergamon in the Kolymazhny Yard became a victim of fire, like most city buildings. Its restoration by various reasons took a long time and was completed in 1741. Thanks to the generous financial assistance Prince S.A. Galitsyn managed to completely rebuild the border of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and later add another one - in honor of the Great Martyr Catherine. For for long years Among the parishioners of the temple were representatives of the most prominent aristocratic families, and at the beginning of the 20th century, one of them was the wonderful Russian artist Valentin Serov.

The end of the Kolymazhny stables

In 1830, the court stable at Kolymazhny Yard was abolished. The buildings themselves - still quite strong - were first used as a riding arena, and then they housed a transit prison, known mainly for the fact that at one time the Polish revolutionary Jaroslaw Dombrowski safely escaped from it.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the prisoners in it were transferred to Butyrka, and the building itself was destroyed. In 1912, the Museum of Fine Arts was inaugurated on the vacant site, which in 1937 was named after A.S. Pushkin. Its founder was Moscow University professor Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, the father of the famous Russian poetess Marina Tsvetaeva.

Courses for proletarian artists

After the October revolution, the Church of Antipas in Kolymazhny Yard remained open for several years. It is known that in 1922, the future Russian new martyr Ilya Gromoglasov was ordained there as a deacon, and a few months later he was shot on charges of organizing resistance to the confiscation of church valuables.

The Church of the Hieromartyr Antipas at Kolymazhny Yard was closed in 1929. At first they planned to use its building to house library collections, but then they decided to transfer it to courses that trained the so-called “artists of the revolution,” called upon to glorify with brush and chisel the great achievements of the victorious people.

Enlightened barbarians

Despite the fact that over time the main dome and one of the limits were dismantled, the Antipas Church in Kolymazhny Yard still suffered not the worst fate - they could have been completely destroyed, as they did with thousands of churches and monasteries throughout Russia. But, nevertheless, the creative workers, into whose jurisdiction the church was transferred, treated it barbarously.

From the description compiled in 1966, it is clear that by this time the building had acquired an abandoned and sloppy appearance. The roof of the bell tower was missing, and pieces of rotten sheathing hung from the walls. There were gaping holes in the domes that had survived until then, and traces of collapsed plaster could be seen everywhere. At the same time, part of the temple of Antipas of Pergamon in the Kolymazhny Yard was used as housing for artists-singers of the new life, and the rest of it was used as a warehouse.

Revival of a former shrine

It happened gradually, starting back in 1968 - long before, in the wake of perestroika, the state began to return the property seized from the church to the church. However restoration work Those years affected only the façade of the building, since the library of the Museum of Fine Arts was located inside it.

Nowadays, the Church of Antipas of Pergamon in Kolymazhny Dvor, whose address is Moscow, Kolymazhsky Lane, 8/4, building 1, has become one of the many parishes of the capital. Owned Orthodox Church it was transferred in 2005, but long before that a community was formed under it, which was then headed by Archpriest Vladimir (Volgin).

Church of Antipas at Kolymazhny Dvor: schedule of services

Already in 2016, priest Father Andrei (Shchennikov) was appointed to the position of rector of the church. Under his leadership, the Church of Antipas of Pergamon in the Kolymazhny Yard developed its religious life in its entirety. The schedule of services held there is as follows: weekdays morning services start at 8:00, and evening at 17:00. On holidays and weekends, a late liturgy is added at 9:40 am. Any changes made to the schedule will be announced in advance on the temple’s websites.