Cold attic or warm attic: what to choose? Attic or cold attic: what to choose Nuances of organizing ventilation

Users of the site are well aware that the appearance of a house largely depends on the shape of its roof. Any homeowner would like his cottage not only to look spectacular, but also to be functional, warm and comfortable. Therefore, even at the stage of choosing a project, we choose a cold attic or warm roof. Let's figure out what to do better, more functionally and more economically feasible.

In our material, we have collected the most common questions that will help you make your final decision.

From this article you will learn:

• What is the attic of a building and what room is called an attic;
• What is the difference between a warm attic and a cold attic?
• What features can a cold attic and a warm attic have?
• Is there any benefit to building a cold attic or is it better to build a warm attic?
• How to properly insulate an attic;
• What is the difference skylights from ordinary ones.

Attic vs attic

Every year, prices for land for development are growing more and more, and therefore many homeowners often think about whether there is a way to “increase” the usable area of ​​the house by small area. The simplest option is to increase the height of the house, build two-story cottage with an unheated attic. Or go the other way and build a house with a warm attic. Both options have their pros and cons, which we will discuss below. First, let's define what is the attic of a building and what is an attic.

Vera Vavilova Managing director of the company "DDM-Stroy", Moscow.

The attic is the non-residential space between the ceiling last floor and the roof of the building. An attic is the space between the ceiling of the top floor and the roof of the house, which is already used as a living space.

Due to its design, the attic creates a well-ventilated buffer space under the roof. This means that ensuring ventilation of the under-roof space in the attic through dormer windows is much easier than in the attic.

On two sides, the attic has vertically straight pediments, and on the other two, the facades are formed by sloping surfaces or sloping roof. Thus, the attic ceiling is also the roof.

Roman NakonechnyHead of the construction department of the company "RonasGroup"

The main difference between an attic and an attic is the purpose of the premises. While an insulated attic is called a full-fledged living space, a cold attic is intended solely for storing things.

Anton Borisov Expert of TechnoNIKOL Corporation

Traditionally, the attic space between the ceiling and the roof is used either for storage of household equipment or not used at all. But the attic can become additional living space: a guest room, an office or a nursery.

The advantages of the attic, compared to the attic, is that it allows you to create additional living space, without increasing the overall height of the house and without adding an additional floor.

It should be remembered that finishing an attic, like any other room, requires the investment of additional funds, while it is possible to equip an attic at minimal cost.

The advantages of the attic are also the simplicity of its construction and the possibility of easy access from inside the second floor room to inspect the roof, if it is necessary to repair the roof, in case of a leak, etc.

It should also be remembered that in order to access the under-roof space, it is necessary to arrange a separate entrance leading to the attic. Usually, a hatch is made for this with a retractable or folding vertical ladder.

Sergey Petrov Architect at Home in the Woods

You can make additional rooms in the attic floor, thereby reducing the actual area of ​​the house relative to the site, reducing costs for the foundation, roofing and external walls. This is important, because the foundation and roof are the most expensive elements in the house.

Great advantage attic floor is that you can arrange sleeping areas there, for adults and children separately. But the attic is just empty space.

Vera Vavilova

When constructing an attic, you end up with an uninhabitable void between the interfloor ceiling and the roof. The advantage of an attic is savings. The insulation is laid only on the ceiling, reducing its consumption, and the resulting attic space creates air gap. The gables can remain cold, which also leads to savings.

Unlike an attic, a warm attic requires insulation of the gables. Roof insulation is carried out according to the topography of the roof, which results in a much higher consumption of insulation than in the case of an attic.

The attic floor implies a straight ceiling of the last floor, which greatly limits the design possibilities of the room. When installing an attic, the rafter system can be made visible, which gives unique design the room and gives a special flavor to the space.

The attic ceiling is not made straight, but according to the internal relief of the roof, and you get a large volumetric space that can be beautifully played out in the interior.

Vera Vavilova:

The second floor must have a height of at least 2.5 m to make living on it comfortable. All external walls of the house and internal partitions you need to raise it to the height of the second floor. Accordingly, spend the material and pay for the work. External walls must have appropriate insulation, depending on the material of the house. Further above the second floor you have an attic, the installation of which will also require material and labor costs.

The main benefit of building an attic and a full second floor is the usable area of ​​the second floor. You get a second floor of equal height, comfortable for living. You don't have to worry about whether the cabinet will fit against the wall. You don’t have low “pockets” that need to be played up in the interior and thought about how they can be used functionally.

The non-residential space of the attic can be used as a storage room, which also significantly increases the usable area of ​​the house.

Sergey Petrov

Very often they build a cold attic, considering that it is expensive to insulate the roof. However, the pie that is in the attic, that is in the ceilings of the upper floor of the attic, has almost the same view . It is still necessary to insulate the ceiling of the second floor, but reducing the area of ​​the roof and foundation itself, plus the area of ​​walls and ceilings, can be much more profitable. As an interior designer, I can say that attic rooms with pitched ceilings always become a source of special mood, they are not boring and very picturesque, the main thing is – beat them correctly.

But, as with any construction, everything should be approached thoughtfully, carefully weighing all the pros and cons.

Roman Nakonechny

The costs of building a cold attic can be several times lower than the construction and finishing of a residential space. If roof insulation is required both during the construction of the attic and during the construction of the attic (these costs are approximately equivalent), then for finishing the living space you will need additional funds, such as interior decoration walls, floors, ceilings, room heating, as well as its furnishings.

Many people think that designing an attic is much more complicated than an attic, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of the house project. But, as experience shows, this is not at all the case.

Roman Nakonechny

Designing an attic is slightly more expensive than an attic. It’s just that the project will take into account the living quarters, their location, and the area of ​​the rooms will be given Special attention, so that it would be comfortable to live in them later.

The attic will also be included in the project, there will simply be fewer requirements for its location and area, but the work for designing the attic will still have to be paid according to the area of ​​the room. The main thing when designing an attic – carefully consider the height of the walls and ceiling.

Sergey Petrov

Roman Nakonechny

The height of the attic is measured along the side wall, comfortable height walls - from 1.5 m.

With such a height of the walls it is possible to attic room To go to full height, and in the lowest places place either sleeping places or storage areas.

Vera Vavilova

When designing an attic, there are a number of nuances that need to be taken into account, and which you don’t have to think about when designing attic floor- height in rooms, etc.

In the attic, it is necessary to arrange the rooms in such a way that it does not turn out that the height of the shower stall does not fit into the bathroom, or that there is nowhere to put a closet in the bedroom.

The height of the second floor under the attic floor is at least 2.5 m - comfortable for people of average height and there are no problems with arranging furniture.

To make the attic functional, the side walls are usually raised by 1.2 - 1.4 m, obtaining, depending on the size of the house, about 3.5 - 4 m at the ridge. Then you will have a voluminous space that visually increases the area of ​​the second floor due to the volume of the premises.

In the attic, the roof can start directly from the floor, since in the technical space there is no need to create a full height; it is not needed for storing things. The useful area of ​​the attic depends only on the height of the side wall. Maximum height the side wall should not exceed 2-2.5 meters, otherwise it will become a full floor, not an attic. In order to maximize the usable area of ​​the attic and understand where it is necessary to place the supports, you can use the following advice:

Sergey Petrov

If you make plans for the second floor in advance with an approximate arrangement of furniture, it will be clear where power elements, for example, pillars, can be placed. Not only will the pole look very good in rooms with a pitched roof, but it will also carry the load. Truss structures for supporting the roof also look very good. From my own experience I know that with a roof slope of about 30 degrees or more, usable area Not much is eaten, only about a meter under the slopes.

Design features of the attic and attic

If the construction of a full second floor and a cold attic is carried out according to schemes worked out over the years (the main thing – pay attention to reliable vapor and waterproofing), then the construction of an attic requires a lot of knowledge and presents increased requirements to the qualifications of builders. And any mistake made at the attic design stage can lead to expensive repairs in the future.

As noted above, the attic significantly increases the “living” area, gives the house expressiveness, transforming and improving it. The main thing is that all construction work – insulation, vapor barrier and roof ventilation – were completed in accordance with established requirements.

If the roof truss system is subject to heavy loads, then some of its components should be made of beams made of laminated veneer lumber. These can withstand a much greater load than rafters made from ordinary boards. Small spans, the load on which is insignificant, require the use of rafters made of dry planed boards with a cross-section specified by the project.

But the most important thing is that it is properly laid and insulated." roofing pie" It determines whether your attic floor will be warm and comfortable, whether condensation will accumulate and the roof will leak.

Vera Vavilova

The size of the beams on the attic floor, as in any building, is determined by the length of the unsupported span. If the project provides for a large under-roof space without walls, then the rafter system can be reliably and beautifully made from truss structures.

They will help organize reliable design roofs, giving the room a unique modern design.

When installing an attic floor, special attention should be paid high-quality insulation roofs.

Anton Borisov

When it comes to living space, it is logical to assume that such a room, first of all, should be comfortable for living and, importantly, warm, especially if the house is used for year-round residence. To turn a cold attic into a warm attic, you need to insulate the floor and roof slopes.

When insulating the roof, the following conditions must be observed:

• Moisture should not accumulate in the insulation;
• The thickness of the thermal insulation layer must correspond to a certain size (according to the thermal calculation), sufficient to retain heat in the room in winter and summer.

Therefore, for better work your roof must be provided with a vapor barrier layer – to cut off steam coming from the room. It is also necessary to apply a certain thickness of the thermal insulation layer, according to the calculation for a particular region, and it is also necessary to provide a ventilated gap between the thermal insulation layer and the roofing.

Roman Nakonechny

For proper insulation Attics require steam and waterproofing. Mineral wool can be used as insulation for pitched roofs. In this case, the insulation is installed with an overlap in order to avoid cold bridges.

The second option is to use extruded polystyrene foam as insulation.

Also, when constructing an attic, special attention should be paid to ventilation of the insulation.

Sergey Petrov

You can use rafters with a section of 200x50 mm, and the thickness mineral wool take 150 mm. Since the insulation must breathe, the difference in the thickness of the rafters and the wool is, in essence, the breath.

To prevent the insulation from picking up moisture, vents must be made when installing the attic, otherwise in a couple of years the insulation will lose its thermal properties.

A standard attic roof pie looks like this:

• Roofing;
• Lathing;
• Counter-lattice;
• Diffusion film (hydro and wind insulation);
• Air gap;
• Insulation;
• Vapor barrier;
• Internal lining.

Vera Vavilova

The “roofing pie” of the attic floor must necessarily include a vapor barrier, insulation and waterproofing. Under no circumstances should steam or waterproofing be excluded!

Any finishing roof covering requires just such filling. The thickness of the insulation must be at least 200 mm. It is more convenient and efficient to use mineral slab insulation. It is also very important to properly insulate the junction points rafter system to the walls. This weak spots, where cold bridges can form. Cladding panels made of wood or plastic are inserted into the vertical grooves between adjacent rafters. They are inserted from the inner and outer edges of the wall. Insulation (200 mm thick) is laid between the facing panels, which protects areas on the upper edge external walls from heat leakage from the room and heat penetration in the summer.

Also when installing an attic special requirements are applied to roof windows. Since they are exposed to an aggressive environment and are subject to the influence of adverse weather conditions, then it is especially important to maintain tightness in the junction with the roof so that there are no leaks.

Features of attic floor insulation

When choosing a house project with full second floor and a cold attic, it is extremely important to ensure that the money spent on heating does not go down the drain. To do this, it is necessary to properly insulate the attic floor, which is also the ceiling of the second floor and the floor of the attic. After all, when rising upward, heat escapes from the house through the attic.

The size of the attic floor (the pitch and thickness of the joists) will largely depend on the thickness of the insulation. And to select the thickness of the insulation, first of all it is necessary to make a thermal calculation.

According to the same thermal calculations different types structures - floors, walls, roofing - must have different thermal resistances. Depending on this design, we ultimately get different thickness TI. There is one in the attic floor, and another in the attic floor structure.

The very design of the attic floor will be similar to the design of the attic floors, namely:

• Base;
• Insulation;
• Ballast (prefabricated screed with finishing coat etc.).

Insulation of attic floors can be done in several ways. Depending on the type of base, insulation can be done as per reinforced concrete floor, and by wooden floors. But the main stages of insulation are similar in both cases.

The slabs are laid on the leveled base of the floor extruded polystyrene foam, and then - a prefabricated screed or cement-sand mixture. And only then the finishing coating is installed on it.

How to insulate the ceiling of a cold attic.

Our forum member also talks about creating a presenter for the attic. Here you will find a discussion for a “cold” roof. Watch a video about the features of the rafter system of a house made of aerated concrete.

A.P. Starshov *, Head of the Technical Policy Department, CJSC TAF "Archproekt", Ufa

A.P. Starshov - work experience in construction industry more than 45 years, of which 30 years in the city repair and construction trust of Ufa, including the positions of chief engineer of the trust and general director and 15 years in a design organization, including the position of Deputy General Director for Production.

In the process of updating regulatory documentation in construction, the requirement for installing ventilated attics was excluded from regulatory documents ( technical floors) on apartment buildings residential buildings. During all previous centuries, houses with cold, ventilated attics were the most reliable, durable and did not require frequent repairs coating structures. And suddenly, since 2010, high-rise buildings with a combined, attic-free roof, which is unreliable, short-lived and not repairable, began to appear in all regions. These overly economical investors took advantage of the gaps in the new regulatory documentation and, in order to save money, began to cut off the upper part of the house, which is a technically ventilated floor - the attic. Such a roofless coating completely loses its properties due to condensation dampening of the insulation after 5-7 years. thermal insulation abilities, which leads to freezing of the upper floor and large heat losses. Heat, as is known, rises upward from all floors; heat loss through the roofing of a house reaches 15% of the heat loss of the entire house.

Types of roof structures

In construction practice civil buildings V climatic conditions Russia apply following designs roofs

Roofs with a cold attic

Most wide application in the construction of residential and public buildings in conditions middle zone Russia, they found roofs with a cold attic. Roofs with a cold attic have been considered the most reliable in Russia for hundreds of years. They are recommended (see paragraph 8.18) for residential buildings of any number of floors. In this design, a vapor barrier, usually rolled, is laid on the ceiling of the upper floor. Insulation is laid on top of the vapor barrier, the thickness of which depends on the climatic conditions of the construction area and the type heat-insulating material. Thermal insulation is open into the attic space, and underneath is protected by a layer of vapor barrier against the penetration of moisture vapor from the premises, which are especially intensely emitted in cold period time from rooms with damp conditions (for example, bathrooms). The volume of the attic from above is limited by the covering elements, which can be made in the form pitched roof with slopes of 25 degrees and above, with piece covering with slate, metal, or flat roof With roll coating And small angles slope, ensuring the flow of rain and melt water into the funnels of internal drains.

In the attic, vents are installed for free ventilation of the attic space in the form of holes in the external walls, or dormer windows with lattice filling, so the air temperature in the attic differs slightly from outside temperature and on inner surface roofing material no condensation forms. The attic is always dry; this attic design is called ventilated and ensures that the insulation dries out in all cases in case of accidental leaks or when it gets wet from condensation. If necessary, you can inspect and replace damaged insulation or add it to selected places, i.e. This design is optimally repairable. The attic allows you to combine channels exhaust ventilation and sewer risers and bring them above the roof in the form of a small number of shafts. The dry state of the insulation can significantly reduce heat loss through the top covering of the house and provide comfortable temperature ceilings in upper floor apartments.

Roofs with warm attic

For colder regions, the set of rules (clause 4.6.8.) prescribes the use of roofs in the form of a warm attic. In this design, all exhaust ventilation ducts and sewer risers are discharged into the attic space, warm air is collected in the attic and discharged above the roof using one large shaft with a cross-section of 1x1 m and a height of 4.5 m above the attic floor level. In this case, no vent holes are made in the external walls.

Due to the presence of influx warm air into the attic room, the temperature in the attic in winter is much higher than outside, so the attic is called warm and its walls and covering must be insulated. A warm attic allows you to reduce heat loss through the ceiling of the upper floor, since heat loss depends on the temperature difference between the internal and outer surface floor slabs. With such a system, the insulation, just like in a cold attic, is located in the ventilation zone and is not exposed to moisture, and in the event of accidental ingress of moisture it has the ability to dry out. At the same time, a large number ventilation ducts does not extend above the roof without violating its integrity; only one common exhaust shaft is installed for each section of the building.

Combined roofs

Attic coverings (combined roofs) are roof structures in which the floor slab of the upper floor, on which the insulation layer is located, simultaneously performs the function of a covering slab on which the roofing carpet is placed. In this design, a layer of vapor barrier is laid in a single “pie” above the floor slab, and above it is a layer of insulation, covered along the screed with a sealed layer soft roof. The insulation in such a roof is located in confined space- there is a roofing felt carpet on top, and a vapor barrier on the bottom, which prevents the moisture that condenses in cold weather from evaporating and the insulation from drying out. It says: “Experience in the use and operation of numerous varieties of combined large-panel roofs residential buildings showed that due to the low durability of the roof, all these roofs leak. It is extremely difficult to determine the location of the leak, and roof and roof repairs involve a large amount of disassembly and restoration work. In this regard, the need arose to use separate attic roofs for large-panel residential buildings.”

Experiments on the use of inexpensive combined roofs were carried out in the 60s of the last century in the city of Ufa. The first nine-story panel buildings (Sorge 49, Sorge 43/1) had combined roofs and after 5 years they failed; in the apartments on the upper floors there was frost on the ceilings in winter, since the wet thermal insulation layer lost its properties, and the roof leaked over the entire surface . Every year the roof was repaired at the site, the residents were driven to despair and complained to all authorities. The experiment was considered extremely unsuccessful, and no more were built in Ufa panel houses without ventilated space above the insulation. All standard projects brick houses for our climatic conditions they were used only with a cold or warm attic with the condition of mandatory ventilation of the insulating layer.

Reasons for the low performance of a combined roof

The main reasons for the low performance of a combined unventilated roof are the following:

1. In the thermal insulation layer, under conditions of temperature differences in the outside air, natural condensation of moisture occurs, since the insulation is located in a confined space (vapor barrier on the bottom, roofing felt roofing carpet on top) and, as a result, moisture accumulates during the annual cycle of outside air temperatures. The amount of accumulated moisture depends on the duration of the period with negative temperatures (for Ufa = 159 days). The plane of possible moisture condensation in a multilayer structure of a combined roof, according to Note 3 of paragraph 9.1, is located on the outer surface of the insulation, which in a combined roof is separated from the atmosphere by layers of roofing material, which does not allow the accumulated moisture to evaporate and the insulation to dry out. The accumulated condensation moisture settles on the inner cold surface of the roofing felt carpet or, when negative temperatures oh, it freezes to it, and then in the form of drops it gets into the insulation. At the same time, moisture, evaporating during warming in spring and heating from the sun, does not find a way out and, entering under pressure under the roofing carpet, tears it off from the base. With the periodic onset of negative temperatures, the excess moisture that has not escaped freezes between the layers of roofing material and delaminates the multilayer carpet, the roof turns into air cushion. Moistened insulation loses its thermal insulation properties, and the stratified, swollen roofing carpet, changing the slopes for drainage, contributes to the formation of standing puddles, which lead to the penetration of rainwater into the insulation. For these reasons, the ceiling in the upper floor apartments is from low temperature and high humidity becomes covered with mold, heat loss through the coating increases.

2. During operation, damage to the roof is inevitable (defects, accidental breakdowns, renovation work on engineering structures on the roof, etc.), while water that accidentally gets into the insulation cannot evaporate anywhere and, when added to the condensed moisture, additionally soaks the insulation, reducing its heat-insulating properties;

3. No matter how well the vapor barrier is done over bathrooms belonging to rooms with a wet regime, through leaks in the connection to sewer pipes Some of the water vapor will enter the insulation. It is impossible to ensure complete tightness of the joint, since the pipe has a high coefficient of linear expansion, and the temperature at the point where the pipe exits onto the roof ranges from -30 °C in winter to +30 °C in summer. At the same time, the absence of an attic does not allow combining groups of risers into a shaft, and each pipe from each bathroom will go out onto the roof independently, making a “sieve” out of the roofing carpet. In, paragraph 5.3 it is stated that the installation of an unventilated roof is not allowed above rooms with wet conditions, i.e. The roof above the bathrooms of residential buildings cannot be unventilated. However, from the updated version of SNiP “Roofs” the ban on the use of unventilated roofs over rooms with wet conditions is excluded.

4. The absolute lack of maintainability of the combined roof is expressed in the fact that in order to replace the insulation that has failed due to getting wet, it will be necessary to dismantle the roofing carpet over the occupied apartments, which, in turn, can lead, in the event of unexpected downpours, to flooding of the apartments with all the consequences.

For these reasons, in (see paragraph 8.23) it is recommended for multi-apartment residential buildings to use only ventilated roofs with the installation of ventilation ducts communicating with the atmosphere in the external enclosing structures to remove water vapor from the insulation layer. However, this regulatory document has not been updated, its status has not been determined, since it is not included in the list of the Government of the Russian Federation, both regulatory documents of mandatory application, and in the list of documents of voluntary application.

OPINION

Professor MGSU Zhukov A.D. oh owls placed roofs *

The design of a combined roof in the production of work is the simplest and cheapest solution for installing an insulated roof. Exactly because of this reason this design has become very widespread in the construction of roofs industrial buildings. The traditional design of a combined roof involves laying a vapor barrier directly on the floor slab of the upper floor. Then the insulation is laid, slopes are formed and reinforced screed is poured. Before laying the roofing carpet, the screed is primed and the roofing carpet is glued. In most roofs, the roofing is glued over the entire surface (solid).

The main feature of a combined roof is the location of the insulation between two layers with low vapor permeability, which leads to condensation dampening of the thermal insulation, loss of heat-protective qualities and destruction. Thus, moisture in a combined roof can accumulate both when the roofing carpet is damaged and as a result of condensation of vapors contained in the air. Particularly rapid accumulation of condensation moisture can occur due to defects in the vapor barrier.

Without installing steam exhaust devices, all moisture that has entered the roof structure will not come out. After replacing the roofing carpet, even in hot, cloudless weather spring period Leaks may occur due to the fact that moisture accumulated in the insulation in winter penetrates down into the room, and the resulting steam from the evaporation of condensate creates overpressure under the roof, causing bubbles and peeling of the rolled carpet to form on the surface.

As a result, the moisture-saturated layer of thermal insulation must be replaced, which within overhaul is not possible due to high costs. This makes such roofs practically unrepairable and inaccessible for repair.

Installation roof aerators(wind vane) and the installation of a breathable roof does not dry out the moistened thermal insulation layer, but only reduces the water vapor pressure under the roofing carpet, thereby preventing the formation of blisters.

Due to a decrease in the heat-insulating properties of the combined roof, due to the saturation of the insulation with moisture, the temperature on the inner surface of the slab (the ceiling of the upper floor room) occurs. As a result, there may be a violation of the temperature and humidity conditions of the premises located on top floor, and even the appearance of condensation moisture and freezing on the ceiling.

*Article “Roofs, defects and methods for eliminating them”

Why are houses built with combined roofs?

In updated in 2010-2013. The editions of regulatory documents on thermal protection of buildings and on roof design do not establish any requirements and no recommendations for the construction of attics. At the same time, the exclusion of requirements for attics from the new regulatory documents did not occur intentionally, but due to an oversight of higher authorities and due to the fact that changes were entrusted to non-specialized research organizations. Naturally, non-specialized organizations do not know the specifics of designing attics in apartment buildings.

The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that overly economical customers, taking advantage of gaps in the updated regulatory framework, they are completely abandoning attics in multi-apartment residential buildings and are forcing design organizations design residential buildings with a combined roof that has very low performance qualities. Designers cannot refuse such customer decisions, since the new regulatory documentation does not prohibit attic roofs for multi-apartment residential buildings. In many cities, builders are switching to construction apartment buildings without an attic, this increasingly leads to numerous complaints from the population about roof leaks. The latest visual story on central Russian television dated July 13-14, 2013 from Novosibirsk region, where a new multi-storey residential building without an attic was commissioned, confirms that a roof without an attic is unreliable - all apartments up to the 1st floor are wet, electrical wiring is damaged, decoration is damaged and furniture is damaged, residents, in extreme indignation, take to the street to protest .

OPINION

N.V. Dubynin, head of the department of architecture of residential and public buildings, TsNIIEP housing

In response to all inquiries regarding the need for an attic, our institute has long been recommending its construction. However, the institute cannot at will start updating the SP. This requires a decision by the investor (SRO, NOP, etc.) on the need for this work, a decision by Gosstroy to include this work in the plan, which is approved by the Ministry of Regional Development, a decision by the investor and Gosstroy to entrust this work to the institute. Updating the joint venture for residential apartment buildings V this moment was not entrusted to the institute.

The previous update of SNiP 01/31/2003, and then its processing into a joint venture, was carried out at OJSC TsNS without our participation. As a result, today's joint venture not only did not acquire the necessary additions, but also lost many important requirements(for corner and through ventilation, etc.). If its updating is entrusted to the institute, we will definitely take into account the opinion on the need to install attics in residential buildings.

Offers

To ensure guaranteed reliable roof structures, we have sent a proposal to the TsNIIEP of housing and TsNIIPromzdaniya - to include in regulations the following requirements: “Roofs should be designed taking into account the following requirements:

• in buildings constructed in climatic conditions with design winter temperature below -30°C - with a warm attic;
• in buildings constructed in climatic conditions with an estimated winter temperature of -30°C and above - with the installation of a cold ventilated attic;
• V public buildings, above rooms with dry and normal humidity conditions, it is allowed to use a combined attic-free ventilated roof, with the installation of vents in the longitudinal external walls on two opposite sides of the building, connected to the external atmospheric air. The installation of unventilated combined roofs in residential and public buildings with permanent occupancy is not permitted."

Literature

1. SP 23-101-2004 “Design of thermal protection of buildings”

2. SP 31-107-2004 “Architectural and planning solutions for multi-apartment residential buildings”

3. Textbook for university students studying in the specialty “Architecture”, Tanakov V.V., 2008

Despite the fact that the popularity of the residential attic is growing, many supporters remain for houses with a full second floor and a cold attic. This solution allows you to reduce costs. In general, a cold attic is structurally simpler, however, even here, designers and builders are not at all immune from mistakes, the price of which is a decrease in the comfort and service life of the building.

Most often you have to deal with improper insulation of the attic floor. The problem is that customers strive to reduce the cost of materials to the limit, and builders carry out work in the attic extremely carelessly, confident that the owner will not carefully inspect it non-residential premises. So, let's move on to a review of possible shortcomings.

The folding invisible ladder comes complete with an insulated sealed hatch. Photo: Fakro

Mistakes when arranging the attic

1. The insulation is laid directly on the suspended ceiling

Water vapor will inevitably seep into the thickness of the insulation, which will negatively affect its properties. In addition, there are inevitable gaps in the ceiling through which particles of insulation and/or emitted by it chemical substances will enter the rooms. Before installing the insulation, plank ceilings or rough rolls along beams must be covered with a continuous carpet of thin-layer roll vapor barrier with an overlap of strips of at least 10 cm.

General scheme insulation of the attic floor. Photo: Rockwool

2. The insulation layer is too thin

The attic floor is subject to the same thermal insulation requirements as the attic floor. Accordingly, the thickness of mineral wool slabs or sprayed cellulose wool or polyurethane foam should be at least 200 mm (if you focus on Northern European standards, then 300 mm), low-density polystyrene slabs - at least 150 mm. By the way, when insulating with polystyrene foam, the joints of the sheets and their junctions with wooden beams needs to be sealed.

3. The insulation is not protected from weathering

This point concerns fibrous materials, the structure of which is destroyed over time by air currents. Mineral or cellulose wool must be covered with a roll of vapor-permeable waterproofing on top.

Icicles on the eaves are a sure sign of insufficient insulation of the attic floor. Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev

4. Ventilation of the attic space is not provided

Water vapor somehow penetrates into the attic, and in cold weather it condenses on the sheathing, causing it to rot. And in summer heat the air under the roof gets very hot and through the smallest cracks and leaks in the ceiling “flows” into the rooms on the second floor, where it also becomes hot. To avoid these troubles, you need to organize intensive ventilation of the attic. Today, most experts believe that, attic roof, like the attic, should be equipped with perforated eaves soffits and a ventilation ridge.

Pedimental dormer windows often insufficient for attic ventilation. Photo: MidAmerica

5. Movement is possible only on beams and boards placed here and there

The attic space can be used for laying communications, installing engineering equipment(both sometimes need revision) and. But for this you need to make movement around the attic comfortable and safe, which means you can’t do without a floor, for which edged and unedged boards thickness from 35 mm or durable sheet materials(plywood, OSB, etc.).

Perforated soffits provide intense and uniform air flow. Photo: FineBer

6. Comfortable lifting, loft and lighting are not provided

Even if you don’t use the attic as a storage room, you still sometimes have to go up there to inspect roof structures, chimneys or ventilation pipes. Moreover, the need to get into the attic may arise urgently (suppose you smelled burning and overheated metal near the chimney). Going to the barn in search of a stepladder will waste precious minutes. Therefore, it makes sense to get stationary staircase or a special folding “invisible” one. And of course, we must not forget about the lighting - ideally it should turn on automatically (circuits with a motion sensor or a reed switch on the hatch).

A ventilation ridge originally designed for mansard roof, today they are often used in houses with a cold attic. Photo: Klober

If your dream is associated with a symbol such as an attic, you should not interpret this symbol as something dusty and abandoned. In the old days it was believed that if Holy Week come in with church candles into the attic, you can see the “owner”, i.e. the brownie. The attic hides many secrets and mysteries. It is considered one of the symbols of the past.

In today's life, the word attic has acquired new realities. In some cases it is associated with an empty head. People say about a stupid and stupid person: “He has an attic without a top: one rafter is missing.”

So, if in a dream you saw yourself in an old, abandoned attic, it means that in reality your affairs are not going as smoothly as you would like and therefore you remember with sadness the past times.

If in a dream you saw yourself in an empty and destroyed attic, then this means that your own stupidity will cause the destruction of well-being and success.

Seeing something in the attic that frightens you is a sign that there is an enemy next to you who will do everything possible to prevent the implementation of your plans.

Cleaning the attic in a dream means change.

Taking old, unnecessary things to the attic means that in reality you are taking into account the experience of your past mistakes and are full of strength to start all over again.

If in a dream you dry some herbs and roots in the attic, in reality you rely only on your fate and do nothing, that is, you are inactive.

A dream in which you are trying to climb up to the attic and cannot find the stairs symbolizes your penchant for simple and easy solutions.

Falling from the attic - in reality you will hear something interesting and unexpected.

Seeing a fire in the attic in a dream is a sign of excessive haste, which will interfere with business and can lead to complete ruin.

Rebuilding the attic means taking part in solving other people's problems.