Gas generator boilers. Do-it-yourself gas generator boilers: drawings. The principle of operation of a gas generator - gas generator

A gas generator boiler is an advanced equipment for producing heat as a result of combustion solid fuel.

It is characterized by a higher coefficient useful action and the longest operating time from one bookmark.

The operation of a gas generator boiler is based on the laws of physics.

How does heating equipment work?

Gas-generating boilers operating on solid fuel perform their task in two steps. The first step is heating the wood and releasing flammable gas.

After this, the supplied gaseous substance is burned, as in standard heating equipment.

The process by which gas is released and then burned is called pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition of fuel occurs at a temperature of about 900 degrees.

There is no need to constantly control the operation of the gas generator - it can be switched to automatic mode. The equipment is equipped with an electronic control unit that informs about temperature and power.

It allows you to control the supply of air masses and the combustion process itself.

Schemes and drawings:

In some solid fuel boilers operating on a generator, special automation is built in that can support the necessary temperature regime, which allows you to save on firewood.

Unlike standard solid fuel boilers, gas generating equipment operates for a long time and produces 40% more thermal energy.

A boiler whose operating principle is based on pyrolysis has other advantages:

• a perfect firebox device that instantly heats up to a high temperature and insulates the boiler from heat loss;
• a high-quality draft regulator that controls the supply of oxygen to the firebox and prevents fuel from burning untimely.

But a wood-fired gas generator boiler designed for long burning fuel, can also be characterized on the negative side.

The equipment functions only when it is loaded with firewood whose humidity is no more than 20%.

This means that the heating device will only work well with pre-dried wood. Otherwise, the heat transfer rate will be low.

Solid fuel with high humidity models of gas generator boilers are used, the design of which involves vertical stacking of firewood and bottom combustion.

The fuel at the top of the chamber gradually becomes dry as the temperature in the equipment increases to the desired high level.

A bunch of firewood placed in a long-burning boiler can provide heat from 6 hours to 2-3 days, depending on the equipment model.

A device that operates without adding a new batch of firewood for a maximum of time is expensive.

How and with what to heat the boiler?

Any solid fuel releases carbon monoxide in a certain amount during combustion. There is especially a lot of it when wood burns.

That is why it is wiser to add firewood rather than any other fuel to a gas generator boiler designed to create a comfortable temperature in the house.

In order for the premises to be heated well, the gas generator boiler must be used correctly:

• open the air damper and start a fire using a splinter;
• set the normal long-burning mode, in which the fire in the boiler will be maintained until the temperature in the firebox rises to the desired level;
• switch the damper to a mode that supplies air in a limited amount.

In modern wood-burning gas generator boilers, all of the above steps do not need to be performed, since their operation is fully automated.

The fuel is ignited using electric ignition; an automatic unit controls the supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber and the removal of gases resulting from burning wood.

Wood-burning gas-generating boilers must be loaded with a certain type of fuel. Beech, oak and acacia wood is best suited for this.

Photos and diagrams:

Coal should be abandoned altogether, as it negatively affects performance heating equipment.

To heat your home, it is wiser to use only high-quality fuel, since during its prolonged combustion more heat is produced.

As for the moisture content of firewood, gas generating equipment will not function on raw fuel.

That is, the wood will burn as in a conventional stove, and the boiler will not operate in gas generation mode.

In addition, fuel with excess moisture, if access to air masses is limited, will simply stop burning.

The design of the boiler itself influences the type of firewood with a moisture content that can be placed in gas-generating equipment.

If it has a side loading, then only firewood with a moisture content of no more than 20% is allowed to be loaded into it. Such equipment is very demanding on the quality of wood.

Top-loading wood-burning gas-fired boilers burn fuel gradually. To do this, it is placed in a firebox located vertically.

When the bottom layer of firewood burns out, it will sink down, being dried out. warm air. Boilers into which fuel is loaded from the top are switched to gas generation mode, even if the humidity of the wood is about 45 degrees.

Which equipment is better?

Choosing a gas generator boiler can be difficult due to large assortment such equipment.

In addition, when buying a device for heating a house, you need to pay attention to its characteristics: power, hours of operation from one load of firewood, the presence of a unit for automatic operation and additional capabilities.

To heat the house and have hot water, it is wiser to purchase a dual-circuit unit. If the choice was made in favor of a model without a hot water circuit, then you need to take a special boiler for it indirect heating, protecting against unexpected expenses.

When choosing a boiler, the following points are taken into account:

• Is the heating boiler equipped with a DHW circuit, which is indispensable in a house with an area of ​​more than 100 square meters? m;
• how well the house is insulated, because even the number of windows and doors affects how heat is retained in it.

The best gas generator boilers operating on solid fuel are considered to be units produced in Germany and the Czech Republic.

Models created in these countries are called Buderus and Viessmann and are sold at high prices. However, despite this, they are purchased quite often.

Among domestic boilers, the most popular heating equipment are Bastion, ZOTA and Topol M.

But their thermal engineering and performance characteristics an order of magnitude worse than that of Western units.

The fact is that boilers from Europe are designed according to the latest technologies allowing you to use them with special comfort.

The main advantage of heating equipment operating on fuel such as oak or acacia wood is the ability to connect it to an already made water heating system.

Installation of a gas generator boiler is carried out without serious financial costs. As soon as the equipment is connected, wood consumption will be reduced by 30%.

The main disadvantage of a gas generator boiler is its high price. Czech and German models are especially expensive.

In addition, poor quality fuel must not be used in such equipment, which may negatively affect the functioning of the heating unit.

Those who have already tried to heat a house with a gas generator boiler note that in Russian climatic conditions it is especially necessary.

Purchasing equipment that works on the principle of pyrolysis is a cost-effective solution.

10 YEAR WARRANTY FOR THE FIREBOOK!!!

WORKS ON ALL TYPES OF SOLID FUEL!

Execution options: single-circuit, double-circuit (heating + hot water), universal pellet (pellets/firewood/coal/briquettes).

Based on Cosmos boilers of all modifications, we produce a modular boiler room "Galaktika" for installation on the street.

The flagship of the enterprise is the solid fuel gas-generating pyrolysis long-burning boiler "Cosmos" KMV (multi-fuel hot water boiler) with stainless steel firebox at a very reasonable price.

You will be pleasantly surprised by the ease of achieving and maintaining a comfortable temperature in the house, the efficiency and low cost of installing the Cosmos boiler.

Operating temperature range for coolant supply to the system from 30 to 95 °Cwithout additional equipment.

Duration of burning wood at low loads is up to 12 hours, coal up to 24 hours. If you are already tired of being on duty at a constantly dying boiler or are planning to install a solid fuel boiler, then you have found the boiler you were looking for.

Thin-walled, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant construction of stainless steel allows you to transfer heat directly to the coolant with minimal losses. Have you seen a burnt kettle or samovar? No? So: thick walls of the firebox, especially fireclay, act as thermal insulation between the heat source and the coolant, which in turn reduces the efficiency of the boiler. The solid fuel pyrolysis boiler "Cosmos" heats up the coolant VERY QUICKLY. Thanks to the patented design, the boiler has an efficiency of 89% and is able to withstand operating pressure up to 5 atm. And operating temperature up to 123 o C!

Easy to maintain, reliable, durable. The use of heat-resistant stainless steel provides unsurpassed resistance to corrosion. The Cosmos pyrolysis boiler operates on both dry and wet wood.

This is how the boiler, which is already seven years old, works. Work at -30 o C

Boiler for any weather from -50 to +15 ºС!

Ease of operation allows even a person who has never had any idea about the existence of solid fuel boilers to cope with it.

The Cosmos pyrolysis boiler is very lightweight, making transportation and installation easier.Mounted in the boiler room, in the wall or outdoors.

Running around with firewood and being on duty at the boiler is a thing of the past!

Before you do it for yourself right choice, read very carefully the technical characteristics of the boilers you are considering and you will find many advantages of the Cosmos boiler in comparison with them.

• Automated installation for burning solid fuels.
• Automatic feeding: pellets, coal.

History of appearance solid fuel boiler"Cosmos" CMV

The unique performance indicators of the proposed boiler are the result of many years of work by engineers of the Termopass research and production enterprise to improve the design aimed at optimizing combustion processes in combustion chamber. The first solid fuel pyrolysis boilers long-burning "Cosmos" have already served grateful users 20 years without complaints.

The photo shows the boiler of the first series "Cosmos-30". In operation since 2000

No wonder the plant gives 10 years warranty for solid fuel boilers "Cosmos". The reliability of Cosmos boilers has been tested and proven both in the temperate Belarusian climate and in the severe Yakut frosts, where everything more people They prefer this solid fuel boiler. The operation of a gas generator boiler is based on the principle of pyrolysis fuel combustion, the essence of which is that under the influence of high temperature and in conditions of lack of oxygen, solid fuel decomposes into the volatile part - the so-called pyrolysis gas and the solid residue - charcoal(coke). This process is exothermic, involving the release of heat. Pyrolysis boilers "Cosmos" are produced with a power of 12, 15, 18, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 and 90 kW, which allows them to be used in both residential buildings so in production premises area up to 900 m². The power sufficient to heat a building in the climatic conditions of the Moscow region is considered to be 1 kW per 10 m². But this figure varies depending on the height of the ceilings, the overall heat loss of the building, etc. Based on the Cosmos boiler, it is also produced universal pellet boiler KMV with automation, working both on all types of pellets (based on the composition of raw materials, fraction, humidity), and onany firewood.

The uniqueness of the solid fuel boiler "Cosmos" KMV

So what is unique about this boiler? The firebox is made of heat-resistant stainless steel with a chromium content of 18%, whichhas high corrosion resistance when operating in organic acidic and other aggressive environments, and has scaling onset temperature∼+760ºC , which allows you to resist burnout at maximum and low temperature corrosion at minimum power, becauseWhen fuel is gasified at minimum power, tar and acids are released, which are a very aggressive environment. Thanks to this, long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boilers “Cosmos” are able to operate in a “squeezed” low-temperature mode for an indefinitely long time without the risk of leakage due to structural failure. Since the entire firebox is washed by the coolant, it turns out that the temperature of scaling is simply unattainable. Watch the video:

In this video, we place a plastic glass of water in the firebox. Thin firebox walls made of high-quality acid-resistant stainless steel are one of the main advantages of our boiler!

Below are some parameters of the most popular pyrolysis boiler "Cosmos-35" with a nominal power of 20 kW, for most of which it has no equal.

Test report KMV-20.

Smoldering combustion mode.

Advantages of the solid fuel boiler "Cosmos" KMV

If you do not heat the premises regularly, for example a dacha, and come only on weekends, then best option You won't find it. For example, "Cosmos-18" on maximum power 18 kW warms up the heating system from 0ºС to 60ºС with a coolant volume of 100 liters and normal circulation in less than 30 minutes from the moment of ignition; after reaching a comfortable temperature in the house, 5 kW is then sufficient.

For conventional steel solid fuel boilers, the minimum return temperature must not be lower than +60ºС, otherwise the firebox will burn out. The KMV pyrolysis boiler operates from +30ºС at supply. Why is there more than 60ºС in the supply if it is +5ºС outside, and where should the excess heat be put? In the windows? With the task of receiving optimal temperature Not every even very expensive solid fuel boiler can cope with complex system control with reserve tanks or cascade circuits, in which several boilers of different power are used to achieve required power in frequently changing weather conditions. And the more parts there are in the device, the higher the risk of failure of at least one of them, and the frost will not wait until the technician arrives with the necessary spare part (and it’s good if it is in stock and not on order in a couple of weeks). .. :).

Very often in winter period some rooms in the house are mostly empty and only need to maintain a positive temperature in anticipation of guests. This is where regular radiator taps with a thermal head come to the rescue. Reducing the temperature in some rooms will not make others hotter. The boiler itself will compensate for the drop in energy consumption. At the same time, the operating time will increase and will allow you to save fuel.

Pyrolysis boiler "Cosmos" KMV. Boiler operation.

Design of the Cosmos boiler KMV

The firebox has cylindrical shape, into which a grate revolution is inserted through the lower door, which acts as a blower. It is made of the same stainless steel as the firebox. During operation of the boiler, very little ash is formed, and it is very convenient to remove it from under the grate while the boiler is operating. This made it possible to do without the usual ash drawer.

Thanks to the patented method of strengthening the firebox, it is not subject to temperature deformation, which made the design less material-intensive and, as a result, the weight of the 18 kW boiler is only 100 kg. Between the firebox and the body there is insulation, thanks to which heat is not wasted. In this case, the boiler can be installed both indoors (boiler room) and outside. Small dimensions and weight greatly facilitate transportation and installation. No special foundation is required in the boiler room. In the heating system, you can use a storage tank and an indirect heating boiler to obtain hot water for water supply, produced by NPP "Thermopass".

The shape of the firebox is ideal for extracting heat from the entire surface, so the Cosmos pyrolysis boiler works clearly and predictably, maintaining the set temperature until the last ember. Even when the wood burns out, the coals still give off heat for a very long time, which continues to warm the coolant. It is enough to stir the ash, lay a new batch of firewood on the smoldering coals, open the ashpit slightly and the fire flares up again! It’s not easy to “miss” the fire in our cauldron! His vitality never ceases to amaze.

We take into account the wishes of the customer

Long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boilers "Cosmos", at the customer's request, can be manufactured with both right- and left-handed doors. And also the supply pipe can be on the right or left.

Installation of the Cosmos boiler

The boiler can be installed in the following ways:

1. In a boiler room located in a building in three ways:

1) on the floor

2) on the brackets you can place the boiler at a convenient height for you and you won’t have to bend down when servicing.

3) mounted in the wall, with the front part of the boiler located inside the room and the chimney outside. In addition to significant space savings in the boiler room, as well as increased fire safety, because... the hot chimney does not pass through the wall; this installation has a very original aesthetic appearance.

2. IN autonomous boiler room ,

3. Next to the house under a canopy, which is very welcome by our clients. The duration of operation without additional loading allows it to be placed outside a heated room.This simplifies the installation of a chimney that runs outside and rises Fire safety building. Thanks to its miniscule weight, the boiler can be installed on any flat surface or hang it on brackets to the wall.

An insulated sandwich pipe made of special stainless steel with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm should be used as a chimney.

The recommended pipe height to ensure the required draft is 6 m. The length of the horizontal section of the chimney when exiting through the wall to the outside should not exceed 1 m. No more than two turns of the chimney by 90 degrees are allowed.

For normal operation the boiler needs an insulated chimney, a safety group with a 1.5 atm valve, expansion tank And circulation pump installed on the return line. Using gravitational system no heating pump needed.

To ensure hot water supply, use in the system indirect heating boiler .

Burns any type of solid fuel

The design of the boiler allows you to burn any chopped or unchipped logs of dry or damp wood maximum length from 0.5 to 1.2 meters depending on the power of the boiler, pellets, coal, briquettes.

Additional loading can be done while the boiler is operating, without waiting complete combustion fuel. Anyone who has made a fire at least once in their life can handle ignition.

Our experiment

We conducted an experiment: how much firewood fits into the firebox of the Cosmos-18 boiler. We used ordinary birch firewood.

Loaded them into the firebox

Then they weighed them.

It turned out that the firebox holds 21 kg of birch firewood. Based on calculations carried out by plant specialists, the power released coniferous species wood with a moisture content of 35% when burned is 2.6 kWh/kg. For birch firewood, this figure is slightly higher, but even if we count it as pine firewood, the Cosmos-18 boiler is capable of generating almost 5 kW/hour for 12 hours. 2.6 kWh/kg*21 kg/12 h = 4.55 kWh. In practice, this power is more than enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in a heated building. We checked: when it’s +5°C outside the window and +40°C on the boiler, then in an insulated house with the windows open it’s +27°C! What will you do if the batteries are at +70°C, but they don’t allow it below? specifications boiler? In our opinion, there are three options: 1) Fork out for optional equipment. 2) Steam with a broom like in a bathhouse. 3) Put out the boiler and dress warmly. By installing the Cosmos boiler you will receive a device capable of providing comfortable temperature in the house in any weather and at no extra cost.

Operational safety comes first!

During operation, the body and doors of the boiler heat up slightly, which prevents skin burns from contact with them with an unprotected hand.

Appreciate your time, coziness and comfort in your home.

The boiler is not furniture! Choose it according to its technical characteristics.

The most ancient and simplest way to get heat is to burn a piece of wood that comes to hand. This process is so banal that any talk about its technological improvement may seem ridiculous. But the engineers who developed gas-generating solid fuel boilers still found an opportunity to make traditional method obtaining thermal energy more efficiently.

Operating principle

The advent of pyrolysis or gas generating equipment clearly showed that the world high technology able to reach even such devices as simple wood-burning ones. The improvements to which these units have been subjected can easily be called revolutionary. What are they? As it turned out, ordinary wooden ingots can be burned very in a cunning way, breaking the combustion process into two stages.

The first is wood smoldering, which occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the combustion chamber. It is accompanied by the release of a certain amount of heat and, what pleased the inventors most, the formation of so-called wood gas. This process is called pyrolysis or gas generation. Wood gas has no specific chemical formula, it is a mixture consisting of:

• carbon monoxide (CO3 - about 57%, CO - about 32%);
• hydrogen;
• methane;
• carbonic acid vapor;
• unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.

One kilogram of firewood releases about 200 g or 0.15 cubic meters (under normal conditions) of volatile substances. The great thing about wood gas is that it is also a fuel in itself. At various stages of gas generation, its calorie content can reach 4800 cal/cu. m. The combustion of this gas represents the second stage of fuel combustion occurring in a gas generator boiler.

Since the process of wood gas formation (first stage) and its afterburning (second stage) is carried out at different conditions, differing in the amount of supplied air, pyrolysis boilers are equipped with a two-chamber firebox. In the first chamber, fuel smoldering with gas generation occurs, then wood gas enters the second chamber through a nozzle, where air is supplied and where its (gas) combustion occurs. The second chamber can be located either above the first (pyrolysis) or below it. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages.

Units operating on pyrolysis technology are a type of so-called long-burning boilers. This name is due to the fact that a portion of fuel in such a boiler burns longer than in a regular one, releasing the energy stored in it. thermal energy gradually. The main advantage of long-burning boilers is their ability to work for a long time(compared to a conventional boiler) without user intervention, that is, without adding a new portion of fuel. In order to extend this period, a modern gas generator boiler can combine pyrolysis with the principle of top combustion of fuel. The advantages of the latter can be demonstrated by clear example with two matches lit at the same time. If one of them is turned upside down, and the second one is turned upside down, then the first one will burn a little longer.

Operating gas generator boilers with wood is the most efficient, but these units can also be heated with other types of fuel - coal (brown and stone) or peat.

Advantages and disadvantages

The list of the main advantages of boilers of this type is as follows:

1. Increased burning time portions of fuel, as mentioned above.

2. High level of automation.

It is much easier and more convenient to control the combustion process of gas than solid fuel in pure form. Therefore, pyrolysis boilers respond more quickly to changes in coolant temperature than other solid fuel equipment.

Depending on the type of automation used, gas generator boilers are divided into volatile and non-volatile. In the first case, electronic sensors and control units are used that need to be connected to electricity. If the power supply is interrupted due to weather or other reasons, such a boiler becomes inoperable. Second option - non-volatile boilers– they can easily do without electricity, since mechanical regulators are used to control power in these units.

An example of such a device is the FR124 regulator from Honeywell. Its main component is a bimetallic element, which is installed in the boiler heat exchanger. This element is connected by a chain to the air damper, thanks to which it can change its position (and, accordingly, the volume of air supplied to the combustion chamber) depending on the temperature of the coolant. The mechanical regulator can also be connected to a nozzle through which wood gas flows from the gas generator into the combustion chamber. Thus, the amount of fuel burned per unit time will be regulated.

Non-volatile gas generator boilers are less functional than their electronic competitors, but for regions with frequent problems in power supply they are more preferable.

3. Cost-effective.

Pyrolysis technology allows you to “squeeze” almost all of its calorific potential from fuel. If gas generator boilers are operated using wood, their efficiency can reach 93%. For other types of solid fuel equipment, this high level heat transfer is still unattainable.

4. Minimal care.

The way the fuel is burned in a pyrolysis boiler ensures little ash formation and an almost complete absence of soot. As a result, the owner very rarely has to clean the boiler, and the chimney does not require his attention at all.

5. Eco-friendly.

The fuel combustion products released from the gas generator boiler into the atmosphere contain significantly less environmentally harmful substances (for example, carbon monoxide) than those that occur in the case of using any other type of solid fuel heaters.

The disadvantages of solid fuel boilers based on the principle of gas generation include the following:

1. High requirements for the type of fuel and its quality.

For maximum effect Only wood should be used as fuel. If gas generator boilers are operated on coal, their efficiency will decrease. The moisture content of wood fuel should not exceed 20%; at higher levels, pyrolysis will be impossible.

2. High cost.

3. Due to the risk of condensation the coolant temperature at the boiler inlet must be at least 60 degrees.

Conclusion

The interest that solid fuel pyrolysis gas generator boilers arouse among consumers is well founded. These units are the most progressive type of solid fuel heating equipment. Some existing disadvantages turn out to be very insignificant against the background of such advantages as cost-effectiveness, a high level of automation and the ability to work for a long time without user intervention. I would like to hope that the manufacturers of such boilers will not rest on their laurels and will offer the world many interesting developments in the future.

Gas-generating solid fuel boilers during operation create conditions for the release of gases from wood. Subsequently, these gases are enriched with oxygen and burned. This approach makes it possible to make maximum use of the thermal potential of the energy carrier, which entails many different benefits.

What is a gas generator boiler

There is an energy-dependent turbocharging.

Gas generator boilers operate on solid fuel. They can use firewood and all its derivatives as an energy carrier, for example, pellets, medium-fraction wood industry waste. Sawdust and tyrsa are not suitable. Such solid fuel boilers work in tandem with an ordinary chimney, that is, they draw air from the room in which they are installed to maintain the flame. Therefore, it is advisable to make a separate boiler room for them.

Basically, such units are energy-dependent; they have a fan installed. Its task is to control the amount of supplied air to maintain the coolant temperature at the set level. Of course, not all heaters are equipped with automatic modes, some are quite simple:

• firebox;
• gas afterburning chamber;
• chimney pipe;
• pipes for primary and secondary air.

Primary air is needed to ignite the flames in the firebox during ignition. When the flame covers the entire area of ​​the firebox, the primary air is covered. Secondary air is supplied to the gas afterburning chamber; it enters constantly through narrow air ducts.

A wood-fired gas generator boiler can be single-circuit or double-circuit. Single-circuit ones heat only the coolant for the heating system, and double-circuit ones also for hot water supply. To do this, another water heat exchanger is installed in the firebox. Heating water and hot water supply do not intersect; they are separate systems that operate independently of each other.

How are gases generated?

From the very name of gas-generating solid fuel boilers, it becomes clear that the unit must generate gases. What kind of gases are these and where do they come from? It's simple - there is a process called pyrolysis. From ancient Greek it is translated as splitting under the influence of heat. IN in this case Firewood is split into two components:

Gases are generated in several stages.

• inorganic wood fibers (essentially wood);
• pyrolysis gases.

These gases are released under certain conditions, which can only be achieved if there are two combustion chambers (primary and secondary). As we have already said, fuel smolderes in the primary chamber, and pyrolysis gases are burned in the secondary chamber. The fuel must smolder; if there is a fire, the pyrolysis process becomes impossible. This is because fire requires oxygen, and wood pyrolysis begins only when there is a shortage of air.

Temperature is important. According to various sources, the temperature should be from 200 to 800 degrees, but optimally when it is 500 degrees - the golden mean.

When the firebox maintains a high temperature and there is practically no oxygen, then pyrolysis gas begins to be released from the firewood. It is highly flammable, but the problem is that the gas burns, there must be a flame. And the flame needs oxygen, which is not available in the primary furnace.

Therefore, pyrolysis gases are discharged into the afterburning chamber, where secondary air is constantly supplied. Enriched with oxygen, the gas ignites under the influence of high temperature. Naturally, when it burns, heat is released, which is used for heating DHW water and coolant in the heating system. IN conventional boilers this gas is simply not released, so their efficiency is lower than that of gas generators.

What are the advantages of gas generator boilers

The first advantage has already been announced - it is efficiency, which reaches 90%. For solid fuel boilers this is a high figure. If the heater uses energy more efficiently, accordingly, the amount of firewood heating season It will go less, you can save a lot of money on this.

More rational use solid fuel entails another important advantage - there is no need to frequently fill the firebox with firewood. This is relevant in houses where people live permanently, because there is no need to work on the boiler every four hours. It is generally unclear what workers should do in this case. A hydrolysis boiler operates for 8 hours or more on one load, depending on the size of the firebox.

When the firewood slowly smolders, there is almost no ash left, so you will have to clean the heater less often. This will save your time and effort, which is important. So, to summarize, a hydrolysis boiler gives you the following advantages:

• saving money;
• saving time on cleaning;
• no need to add firewood every 4 hours.

The only downside is the price, but a good thing can't be cheap. When purchasing, pay attention to the size of the firebox, the volume of coolant in the boiler, thermal power and the ability to connect additional equipment.

Piping of gas generator boilers

Solid fuel gas generator boilers operate a little more stable than conventional ones, but temperature changes are inevitable. After all, the fuel burns unevenly, there are periods of inactivity, so the heater must be connected through a heat accumulator. This is a reservoir that accumulates excess heat during operation of the heater and releases it when the boiler is not operating.

To stabilize the system, a heat accumulator is included in the piping.

There can be many piping options, but we recommend installing a three-way valve between the boiler and the buffer tank and bypass. The temperature on the three-way valve is set at 55 degrees. As a result, the boiler does not experience thermal shock when cold return flows to it and efficiency increases. Behind three way valve is installed . And of course, it is installed on the boiler pipes on American ones.

The buffer tank can be connected to the heating system:

• according to a single-pipe scheme;
• according to a two-pipe scheme;
• according to the collector circuit.

In this case, the wiring can be either horizontal or vertical. For proper operation circuit, you need to choose a heat accumulator with a volume of at least 500 liters. This value largely depends on the thermal power of the entire heating system.

Can be made. Such equipment has become widespread today, because for its operation you can use various woods by type of pressed briquettes, waste and logs. The operating principle of the installations is somewhat different from conventional ones solid fuel models. At first glance, the design seems more complex, but it has a lot of advantages and also saves money spent on heating.

Construction of a gas generator boiler

In order to make gas generator boilers with your own hands, you first need to become familiar with the structure and principle of their operation. The basis of such an installation is the firebox, which has two compartments. In the first of them, wood burns with insufficient oxygen, while in the second compartment the released gases burn out. These compartments are separated from each other using a grate. If we talk about the differences between a pyrolysis boiler and a regular classic one, then the main one can be identified as the movement of air in the downward direction. Significantly excludes the possibility of free circulation of air masses. Therefore, forced draft is installed, which is provided by the blower fan method (it is replaced in some cases by a smoke exhauster).

The main principle underlying the operation of the installations of this type, consists in the decomposition of wood under the influence of high temperatures. Subsequently, the fuel is separated into gaseous volatile mixtures and coal. The process occurs in the bookmark chamber at high temperature, however, there should not be enough air for complete combustion; volatile mixtures that enter the second chamber burn out at temperatures reaching up to 1000 degrees. Ultimately, carbon monoxide is directed through the convective part into the chimney, giving off its heat. In order to ensure ideal conditions for burning wood, inner surface must be lined with a refractory lining. Both chambers must be lined.

It is quite difficult to assemble gas generator boilers with your own hands, which is why it is recommended to use a Belyaev boiler as a basis. The master himself will be able to decide on changing the design; it will depend on engineering and professional skills, as well as the desire to experiment. The internal volume of space should not be changed. Instead of the liquid coolant in the described equipment, it can be used to heat a house hot air, which will circulate through the pipes. This option eliminates freezing, which is why such systems have become widespread, because they can be installed in country houses. In winter, there will be no problems when operating such heating.

Preparation of materials for work

In order to make gas generator boilers with your own hands, you will need to prepare some materials and tools. You will need a grinder with brushes for cleaning and cutting wheels, welding machine, and Consumables. Among the latter are pipes for cold and hot water supply lines, doors, as well as locks and fastenings for them. You will also need a blower fan, metal of considerable thickness, and a grate.

Features of gas generator boiler assembly

If you decide to make a gas generator boiler yourself, you need to review the drawings before starting work. At the first stage, four walls are prepared, which are cut out of sheet metal. You need to make two rectangular holes in the front wall using a grinder. The lower one is intended for the ash pan, while the upper one is for the firebox. The back wall can be set aside for a while. The remaining plates must be welded together, and at the joints the resulting growths must be carefully sanded, using the same grinder for this. After assembling the heat exchanger, water or any other coolant will circulate through it; as a rule, it is liquid. All constituent elements must be reliably welded and cleaned; the result should be a structure that is devoid of joints and seams.

Installing a heat exchanger and working on a smoke exhauster

If you decide to assemble a gas generator boiler with your own hands, it will be important for you to know its structure. The technology at the next stage involves installing a heat exchange device in the furnace itself. Water must be run through the pipes and operating pressure must be created; this will allow us to determine the presence of defects that can be expressed in leaks. The combustion chamber will be located at the bottom, and not at the top, as in factory models. It must be separated from the gasification area, which is mounted above the grate. The fuel combustion section must be lined with refractory bricks at the bottom, sides and top. It is also important to provide for the presence of an air duct. The next step is to install the doors, which should be pressed as tightly as possible against the walls. After the smoke exhauster is installed, it is necessary to install temperature sensor, which will control the state of heating inside and the combustion process.

Final works

If you make it yourself, the diagram and principle of operation must be considered. They are presented above in the article. On final stage it will only be necessary to cut out the holes for the smoke exhauster and sub-tubes, only after that it will be possible to weld back wall and perform grinding. Now you can check the efficiency; to do this you will need to use a device that is already ready for operation. If no carbon monoxide is observed at the outlet, then the equipment is considered fully operational and can be operated.

Additional work in the manufacture of a pyrolysis boiler

Safety precautions

It is quite difficult to manufacture pyrolysis equipment on your own; such work is not always justified. The resulting model can be used for heating an oversized utility room, as well as a residential building. In the latter case, experts recommend purchasing factory equipment. It is important to install the gas generator boiler correctly. Square vent in the room should be approximately 100 square centimeters. Equipment must be removed from the surface and other objects at a distance of 0.2 meters. In front of the boiler you need to lay sheet metal, the thickness of which is 3 millimeters. This will prevent the occurrence of a fire when combustion products such as coal or ash fall out during equipment operation and fuel loading. A gas generator furnace can be made with your own hands from available materials. However, it is important to place such a device on a brick or concrete base. For necessary separate room. This could be a boiler room that needs to be protected as much as possible from fire. The chimney should be well insulated with insulation so that soot and other deposits do not form inside due to hypothermia.

Conclusion

The design and diagram of a wood-burning gas generator boiler, which are presented in this article, will help you with self-production equipment. However, it is important to remember that professional craftsmen It is not recommended to use such settings as heating systems for a residential building. This is not always justified and can cause a fire. That is why it is not recommended to save on purchasing quality equipment.