Evgeny Savitsky biography. Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich. Biography. During the Great Patriotic War

Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich

24.12.1910 — 06.04.1990

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union

Decree dates

1. 05/11/1944 Medal No. 1324

2. 02.06.1945

monuments

Bronze bust in Novorossiysk

Tombstone (view 1)

Tombstone (view 2)

Bronze bust in Novorossiysk (detail)

Memorial plaque in Moscow

Savitsky Yevgeny Yakovlevich - commander of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps of the 8th Air Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front, Major General of Aviation;

Commander of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps of the 16th Air Army of the 1st Belorussian Front, Lieutenant General of Aviation.

Born on December 11 (24), 1910 in the city of Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Territory, in the family of a shipbuilder. Russian. He began his career as an assistant in the port, then at the shipyard as a mechanic. He graduated from the FZU school at the Proletariy cement plant, worked as a car repair mechanic, and as a driver. He was the secretary of the Komsomol committee at the Proletariy plant.

In the Red Army since November 1929. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1931. In 1932 he graduated from the 7th Stalingrad Military Pilot School of the Volga Military District. After graduating from school, he remained in it as an instructor-pilot and temporary acting (vreed) flight commander. From February 1934 to February 1936 - flight commander, commander of an aviation detachment of the 18th light assault air squadron of the Ukrainian military district (Kyiv); from February 1936 to July 1937 - commander of the aviation detachment of the 32nd assault air squadron of the Air Force of the 1st Separate Red Banner Army; from July 1937 to September 1938 - acting commander of the 61st reconnaissance aviation detachment; from September 1938 to September 1940 - assistant commander and commander of the 29th aviation regiment of the 26th aviation brigade of the Air Force of the Far Eastern Front; From September 1940 to April 1941 - commander of the 3rd Fighter Regiment; from April 1941 to March 1942 - commander of the 29th Fighter Aviation Division as part of the Air Force of the Far Eastern Front.

On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, Lieutenant Colonel Savitsky since January 1942. He served as commander of the Air Force of the 25th Army (March-April 1942), commander of the 205th Kirovograd Fighter Aviation Division (from May 5 to November 1942), commander of the air group of the 17th Air Army (November-December 1942). From December 1942 until the end of the war - commander of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps of the 8th Air Army.

He fought on the Western, Voronezh, Southwestern, Stalingrad, North Caucasian, Southern, 4th Ukrainian, 1st and 3rd Belorussian fronts. He participated in the battles for the liberation of the Kuban, Donbass, Ukraine, Crimea, Belarus, the Baltic states, Poland, during the storming of Berlin (the Battle of Stalingrad, the Battle of Kursk, the Donbass, Melitopol, Crimean, Vilnius, Warsaw-Poznan, East Pomeranian, Berlin offensive operations).

The commander of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps (8th Air Army, 4th Ukrainian Front), Major General of Aviation E.Ya.Savitsky by March 1944, made 107 sorties, shot down 15 enemy aircraft.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 11, 1944, Aviation Major General Yevgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 1324).

From the combat characteristics: "... in these battles, Major General of Aviation Savitsky showed examples of skill in organizing air combat, interaction of aviation with attached means of strengthening and controlling units in difficult conditions of an offensive battle ...".

The commander of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps (16th Air Army, 1st Belorussian Front), Lieutenant General of Aviation E.Ya.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 2, 1945, Lieutenant General of Aviation Evgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky was awarded the second Gold Star medal.

After the war: until October 1947 he continued to command the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps, from October 1947 to August 1948 - Head of the Fighter Aviation Combat Training Directorate of the Main Directorate of the USSR Air Force. From August 1948 to February 1952 - Commander of Fighter Aviation of the Air Defense Forces, simultaneously acting as Commander of the 19th Air Defense Fighter Army (in February 1949, the army was renamed the 78th Air Defense Fighter Army), then commander of the 64th Air Defense Fighter Army. From May 1953 to January 1954 and from November 1955 to July 1960 - again commander of the fighter aviation of the Air Defense Forces of the country. From January 1954 to November 1955 he was a student of the aviation department of the Military Academy of the General Staff. From July 1960 to July 1966 - Commander of Aviation of the Air Defense Forces of the country.

He made a significant contribution to the rearmament of this type of aviation, the development of new technology, the organization of retraining of personnel of aviation fighter formations and units.

From July 1966 to April 1980 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces of the country. Under his leadership, a set of measures was taken to increase the combat capability and combat readiness of this branch of the USSR Armed Forces.

From April 1980 - military inspector - adviser to the Group of General Inspectors of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1961-1966. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 6th convocation (in 1962-1966).

Author of articles on issues of military science ("Commander and Air Combat", "Air Defense Fighter Aviation", "For New Successes in Combat Training. On the Tasks of Combat Training of Fighter Aviation Pilots", etc.).

Lived in Moscow. Died April 6, 1990. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Colonel (07.1942);

Major General of Aviation (03/17/1943);

lieutenant general of aviation (05/11/1944);

Colonel General of Aviation (08/08/1955);

Air Marshal (05/06/1961).

Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution (12/23/1980), 5 Orders of the Red Banner (including 03/16/1942, 11/23/1942), Orders of Suvorov 2nd degree (03/19/1944), Kutuzov 2nd degree, Patriotic war of the 1st degree (03/11/1985), 2 orders of the Red Star, orders "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" of the 2nd and 3rd degrees, medals, foreign orders. Honored Military Pilot of the USSR (08/19/1965). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1978). Honorary citizen of the city of Novorossiysk (1970).

The bronze bust of the Hero is installed in the city of Novorossiysk. The Pushkin Military Institute of Radio Electronics of the Space Forces is named after him. In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which he lived.

His daughter, Savitskaya Svetlana Evgenievna (b. 1948), twice Hero of the Soviet Union, USSR pilot-cosmonaut, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.

Compositions:

In the sky over Malaya Zemlya. Krasnodar, 1980;

Heaven is for the brave. M., 1985;

Half a century with the sky. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1988;

"I am the Dragon." I'm attacking!" M., 1988.

Biography supplemented by Alexander Semyonnikov

Evgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky December 24 (according to Art. 11), 1910 April 6, 1990 Nickname, call sign "Dragon" Birthplace Novorossiysk, Russian Empire ... Wikipedia

Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich Encyclopedia "Aviation"

Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich- E. Ya. Savitsky Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich (1910-1990) - Soviet military leader, air marshal (1961), Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). In the Soviet Army since 1929. He graduated from the military school of pilots ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"

Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich- E. Ya. Savitsky Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich (1910-1990) - Soviet military leader, air marshal (1961), Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). In the Soviet Army since 1929. He graduated from the military school of pilots ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"

Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich- E. Ya. Savitsky Savitsky Evgeny Yakovlevich (1910-1990) - Soviet military leader, air marshal (1961), Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). In the Soviet Army since 1929. He graduated from the military school of pilots ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"

- (b. 1910) Air Marshal (1961), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). During the Great Patriotic War, the commander of a fighter air division and an air corps, personally shot down 22 and in a group 2 aircraft. In 1966 80 Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Troops ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- [R. 11 (24) 12.1910, Novorossiysk], Soviet military leader, air marshal (1961), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (11.5.1944 and 2.6.1945), Honored Military Pilot of the USSR (1965). Member of the CPSU since 1931. In the Soviet Army since 1929. Graduated from the Military School ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (1910 1990) Soviet military leader, air marshal (1961), Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). In the Soviet Army since 1929. He graduated from the military school of pilots (1932), the Higher Military Academy (1955; later the Military ... ... Encyclopedia of technology

- (1910 1990), air marshal (1961), Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). During the Great Patriotic War, the commander of a fighter air division and an air corps, personally shot down 22 and in a group 2 aircraft. In 1966, 80 Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (12/24/1910 1990) fighter pilot, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, laureate of the Lenin Prize (1978), air marshal (1961). During the war he commanded 3 Jacob. He personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft and 2 in the group. After the war, he commanded air defense aviation ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

The Air Force is holding celebrations on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of a talented military leader and air ace, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Air Marshal Yevgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky. He is one of the galaxy of soldiers of the Victory who showed exceptional courage and skill, who raised the greatness of the feat in the name of the Motherland to an unattainable height.

In 1954, at the training camp of air unit commanders, which were held regularly, for the first time I had a chance to see with my own eyes the commander of air defense aviation, Lieutenant General Savitsky - quite tall, elegant, agile, quick in thoughts and deeds. The commander did not give lectures, he made comments and gave vivid examples in many classes.
“... You are being taken to the battle zone. What are you going to do?" he asked the audience.
- Immediately occupy the excess and prepare for the attack.
- The theory is correct. However, our radar stations are not yet so perfect, most likely, you will be taken out only to the target area. Having an excess, you are unlikely to quickly see camouflaged NATO aircraft against the background of the earth. Keep low: against the background of the sky, the plane is easier to spot. And when you find out, then immediately take a position with an excess to attack.
25 years will pass, and the figure of the flight commander, for the significance of which General Savitsky fought, will largely lose its positions. “Why is your accident rate an order of magnitude lower?” - one of Savitsky's successors once asked the commander of the GDR Air Force.
- Because we have the main figure in aviation - the flight commander, and you are asked for everything from the commander of the air regiment, - the commander answered.
Later, I had to deal with non-standard solutions and approaches of the talented military leader Savitsky more than once. Somehow a pilot lands after a flight ... and an honest mother! Both planes of the Yak-28P in the corrugations after the "pickup" - the aircraft is completely disabled. Naturally, the pilot was “fucked off” for this, they reported the incident to the district. And suddenly, four hours later, Air Defense Aviation Commander Yevgeny Savitsky lands in a fighter jet in Gudauta. He examined the rumpled plane, took the pilot aside. We thought that our "ace" should not fly anymore! And the commander took him to the post of test pilot in Vladimirovka. “Of course, he ruined the plane,” the commander explained his decision, “but he saved dozens of lives.”
Once in Novosibirsk, the pilot Privalov "in Chkalov's style", flew at breakneck speed under the bridge across the Ob River near the city beach on a fighter jet
MiG-17P. Immediately, a command followed from the Kremlin: remove the air hooligan from his post. Marshal Savitsky summoned the violator to Moscow: what's the matter?
- Yes, I'm tired of crawling across the sky, Comrade Commander, - the pilot frankly admitted. - Chkalovsky spirit disappears in aviation. Pancake flights lead to a dead end, this will not reduce the accident rate, on the contrary, it will increase.
The pilot was left in his position, he was soon appointed deputy squadron commander, and later - deputy commander of the air regiment.
Where did so many interesting ideas and extraordinary approaches come from for a person who grew up in a working-class family, in Novorossiysk, which was out of place at that time? In life and service, nothing was easy for Savitsky: he knew what efforts of will and labor required bold decisions. He himself became an innovative instructor, to whom the head of the aviation school, corps commander Ivan Bogoslov, began to personally entrust especially important tasks. Yevgeny Yakovlevich was talented in many ways: he brilliantly piloted an airplane and fought air battles, skillfully drove a car without a musical education, and freely voiced popular melodies on a captured piano.
Before the start of the war, having arrived as a transfer to the 61st Special Purpose Aviation Squadron, Captain Savitsky saw stagnation and routine. The new commander sharply increased the intensity of flights of increased complexity, ordered to learn to shoot not at a stationary, but at a moving target - in a word, he revived the flying business. Having received at his disposal the worst 29th Fighter Aviation Regiment in the district, Captain Yevgeny Savitsky did not protest - he got into the cockpit, took off and demonstrated a cascade of the most complex figures, rushing in conclusion above the ground itself with wheels up.
“This is how we will fly from now on!” - he puzzled the pilots standing in the ranks, most of whom were older than him in age. They believed him. A year later, the regiment took first place in the district, having received the challenge Red Banner.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Divisional Commander Savitsky, appointed to the post at the age of 28 (!), rushes to the front, but only seeks permission for a short internship. Savitsky leaves for Moscow: he goes into battle as an ordinary pilot, led by a couple. Here he shoots down his first plane, receives the first military order and the first thrashing for “scattering” the link in the air. In general, gaining combat experience, he prepared for the upcoming battles near Stalingrad, Voronezh, and the Kuban. Departing for the granary of the Soviet Union, commander Savitsky, in fire order, forms the 3rd air corps from lightly fired air fighters. By the beginning of the hot battles in April 1943, we had only 600 combat aircraft in the Kuban. The Germans, on the other hand, had 800 combat vehicles in their assets, and they could attract up to 200 bombers from the Donbass.
“... We flew to the Kuban with regular staff. The Germans pulled all the cream there - the elite squadrons "Richthofen", "Melders", "Udette", "Green Heart" with aces of diamonds, tigers and panthers on the sides, scattered leaflets describing the countless victories of their aces, - Grant Ishkhanov, a participant in those battles, recalled . - Far from being in critical situations, we lost several crews. The next morning, Savitsky flew to the regiment.
- How are you? - Glancing over the formation of pilots, the general asked.
The building was silent: there was nothing to say.
- Ok, I see. We heard a lot of tales, read leaflets. The German is a master of these things. Let's see how good he is in combat. Airplane to me. Any! - moving his eyebrows, ordered the commander. - Who will go to battle with me?
Experienced pilots threw their hands up.
- No, you will fly here, young! He pointed at the newcomer standing on the flank.
The couple took off. Only half an hour later it broke into the air: “I am the Dragon, I attack! Cover...” And again silence. The planes landed 40 minutes later. Savitsky literally jumped out of the cab. Throwing to the regiment commander: “I urgently need to go to another airfield, he will tell you everything,” nodded towards the follower.
- Brothers! You can beat the tambourines! The commander has now failed two! - the pilot began to tell in a voice trembling with excitement. The news of the air battle Savitsky quickly spread through the shelves, and the vaunted fascist "aces" began to burn. For three weeks of hot battles, the Nazis lost about 1,200 military vehicles in the sky of the Kuban ... "
High flying skills, physical fitness, composure and will often helped the general out not only in battle. When the corps was based in the Crimea, intelligence reported that Luftwaffe chief Hermann Goering was to land in Ploiesti (Romania). An order was given to try to destroy it. Savitsky, on a captured Messerschmitt, flew out on a dangerous mission personally. Loitered around the Ploiesti military airfield for a long time, but Goering never arrived. There was not enough fuel for the return trip, so we had to land in the Belbek area in the steppe. And here are three Soviet soldiers with carbines.
- Hyundai hoh!
- Comrades, I'm mine! - getting out of the plane with German crosses, the pilot said with genuine calmness.
The general then convinced the fighters to deliver him to headquarters ...
Having passed the Southern Front, fierce battles in Belarus and the Baltic states, having personally shot down 22 enemy aircraft plus 2 in the group, having received two Gold Stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union, General Savitsky met victory in Berlin. And already in 1948, a relatively young general headed the country's air defense fighter aircraft, although marshals also applied for the position. This was preceded by some circumstances.
In the summer of 1945, over the Soviet zone of occupation in the air, Savitsky was unexpectedly attacked by an English fighter. Coming out from under the blow, after several difficult figures, the pilot Savitsky went into the tail of the "ally" and pressed him so hard that the attacker was forced to shamefully flee. The commander-in-chief of the Soviet occupation forces, Zhukov, was furious at this incident. But in Zhukov's office, Stalin unexpectedly demanded the general to the phone.
- Hello, comrade Savitsky. Report what kind of battle you staged with our allies?
- Comrade Stalin, he was the first to attack me in our zone, - the pilot answered and told the details.
- It turns out that you defeated him in a training battle imposed on you?
Savitsky spoke about the superiority of the Soviet "Yak" over the "Typhoon", explaining that it was not difficult to win.
- So, our technique is better? ..
- Undoubtedly, better, Comrade Stalin!
- Good. Continue commanding the corps...
In 1948, having watched the first group aerobatics of five jet fighters led by Savitsky in Tushino, Stalin turned to Air Force Commander-in-Chief Air Marshal Vershinin:
- You have been looking for a candidate for the post of air defense fighter aviation commander for a long time. This aircraft will be reactive. Who knows this aircraft better? The one who flies. So let Savitsky lead it ...
General Savitsky had to create the organizational structure of air defense aviation practically from scratch, turning it into the main means of protecting the Soviet sky at that time. From 1955 to 1975, more than 30 violations of the USSR State Border were prevented, 13 violators were shot down or forced to land. Under General Savitsky, the Aviation Administration of the Air Defense Forces was an exceptionally authoritative and close-knit team. Evgeny Yakovlevich was warmly and respectfully spoken of by everyone with whom he had the opportunity to serve and work in different periods. Most of them noted the high professional and moral qualities of a person and leader, simplicity and accessibility, loyalty to the word and friendship. But no one knew him better than his close, dear people:
“Being strict, my father, however, never imposed his own will,” recalls the marshal’s daughter, USSR pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya, “saying that everyone should do the thing that he prefers. He did not push his brother, let alone me, to fly. We chose the sky ourselves...” So the unique, the only aerospace, star-bearing dynasty in the world was formed spontaneously.
Air Marshal Yevgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky was a deeply statesman. Even being in the group of general inspectors of the USSR Ministry of Defense, he continued to work actively. So he will remain forever in the memory and hearts of his descendants.

General in his field:
corps of military topographers General of Infantry Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky

In Grodno, at the Old Russian Orthodox Cemetery, located on the picturesque steep bank of the Neman River along Antonova Street, among the many graves of the 19th-20th centuries, behind a low iron fence stands a perfectly preserved monument made of black granite by local master Osip Kachan. There is a brief inscription on the monument in a military style: “General of Infantry Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky, deceased. December 7, 1908, 70 years old. A little lower, at the foot, is a modest epitaph - "Peace be to your ashes." The path to the grave of a military leader of an irretrievably bygone era has long been overgrown. There are no relatives of the general among the living, nor witnesses of his glorious life. Since 1908, many historical cataclysms and fateful events have swept over our land, which have erased many famous names from historical memory.

Cadets of the military faculty of Grodno State University named after Yanka Kupala, who traditionally look after military graves at the cemetery, drew attention to the very high rank of Mikhail Alexandrovich: “general of infantry” (infantry), corresponding to the modern rank of “colonel general”. But what did he command, in what wars did he participate, in what battles did he show his talent as a commander?
Now only a few local historians know that one of the most famous Russian military topographers is buried under this modest tombstone, who conquered the fields of future great battles of the first half of the 20th century with a theodolite level and astronomical instruments in his hands: an officer, a pioneer and scientist, a general in his case, Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky, whose experience has been actively studied within the walls of the Russian military topographic school since the mid-1870s. The name of General Savitsky was known among surveyors and topographers far beyond the borders of the Russian Empire.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Savitsky was born on November 8, 1838. He belonged to the untitled Russian noble and Orthodox family of the Savitskys, whose coat of arms was placed in the 12th part of the General Armorial of the Noble Families of the Russian Empire. The Savitsky family from time immemorial served the Fatherland in the military field. Military historians know the names of Captain-Lieutenant Savitsky, who died of cholera on May 3, 1799, during the Mediterranean campaign of Admiral Ushakov's squadron, and was buried on the island of Corfu liberated by Russian sailors; Captain of the Ladoga Infantry Regiment Savitsky, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812; Lieutenant of the Tula Infantry Regiment Savitsky, wounded in the battle of Polotsk on August 5, 1812, whose name was inscribed on the plates of the 10th wall of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow; Colonel of the General Staff Ivan Fedorovich Savitsky, adjutant of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, future Russian Emperor Alexander II "The Liberator", and others. Thus, Mikhail was the heir to the rich military traditions of his ancestors, at the same time he dreamed of the starry sky and knowledge of the secrets of the Earth, which led him to the geodetic department of the Nikolaev General Staff Academy and to the practical course of the Pulkovo Observatory. Service to the Fatherland began for the future General Savitsky on November 2, 1853, a few days before his fifteenth birthday, when Mikhail entered the Topography School of the Military Topographic Depot.

Upon graduation, having received a military education in the 1st category, Mikhail Savitsky became an officer in the corps of military topographers, established in 1822, and, among other specialists, was engaged in field work, including determining astronomical points, laying a reference geodetic network, instrumental survey vast territories of the Russian Empire. December 6, 1863 Mikhail Savitsky was awarded the first officer rank of ensign. In the 1860s, he took part in extensive trigonometric and chronometric work on a European scale, conducted under the guidance of well-known Russian scientists, astronomers and geographers V.Ya. Struve and O.V. Struve. During these years, geodetic work was actively carried out on the territory of the Belarusian provinces. It was decided to lay a new series of triangulations in the vicinity of Bobruisk - triangles of a geodetic network, for direct connection of geodetic points of the Minsk province with points of the Mogilev province, to establish a connection between the heights between the points of the Mogilev and Chernigov provinces, to conduct astronomical measurements in the areas of Rogachev, Grodno and Bobruisk, along with similar measurements in Greenwich, Bonn, Leipzig and other Western European cities. On April 17, 1866, Mikhail Savitsky was awarded the rank of second lieutenant for distinction in service, and on October 30, 1868, another military rank of lieutenant.

In the 1870s, extensive trigonometric work began in Polissya, as well as along the Neman and Beaver rivers. Mikhail Savitsky was also involved in this work. Despite the difficulties caused by the wooded and swampy nature of the terrain, the necessary number of control points was obtained, and an accurate survey of many areas of the terrain was carried out for the preparation of maps on a scale of 250 fathoms per inch. Earlier, before 1845, surveys had already been carried out in the Grodno province for the production of maps on a scale of 200 sazhens in an inch, but over several decades the data obtained were hopelessly outdated.

On January 5, 1872, Lieutenant Savitsky was appointed junior assistant to the head of the geodetic department of the military topographic department of the General Staff; on January 29 of the same year, he was awarded the rank of staff captain for his success in service.

By the beginning of the 1870s, Mikhail Savitsky was one of the experienced and promising officers-surveyors of the corps of military topographers who managed to contribute not only to the practice of geodetic work, but also to science. At that time, as the telegraph network spread, a method for determining geographic longitudes began to come into use in Russia, based on the transmission of time between determined points by telegraph. This method was first used in Russia in 1860 by the Russian topographer Colonel Forsh (later General) - an innovator and author of a number of inventions in geodesy. Mikhail Savitsky also learned a lot from him. In 1872, Savitsky, together with the surveyors Kartazi, Bonedorff and Kulberg, determined the difference in longitude between Pulkovo and Moscow. In 1875, at the request of the head of the Austrian degree measurements, Professor Opolzer, an astronomical connection was made between Austrian triangulations and Russian ones. For this purpose, the longitude differences from Pulkovo to Vienna, from Vienna to Warsaw, and from Warsaw to Pulkovo were determined by telegraph. The first two longitude differences were determined by Captain Savitsky (he was awarded the next title on March 22, 1874) together with the Austrian astronomer Anton, and the last one, which served as a control for the first two, was determined by Savitsky together with the surveyor Tsinger.

From 1871 to 1877, leveling and surveying were carried out along the lines of actively built railways, including those laid through the territory of the Belarusian provinces of St. Petersburg-Warsaw, St.

Thus, in the 60s and 70s, the most important astronomical, geodetic and topographic works were carried out on the territory of the Belarusian provinces, carried out using the latest achievements of science and technology and aimed at equipping a possible theater of military operations in terms of topographic and geodetic terms, preparing and creating a supply of modern topographic maps, diagrams and plans for the needs of the military department. However, in the second half of the 1870s, the pace of this grandiose work was reduced due to the aggravation of the situation in the Balkans.

With the beginning of the mobilization of troops in 1876, which preceded the start of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, at the field headquarters of the army in the field, assembled near the Russian-Turkish (or, rather, Russian-Bulgarian) border, a military- topographic department. On November 4, 1876, Captain Mikhail Savitsky (since April 17, 1877 - lieutenant colonel) was appointed assistant head of the military topographic department of the army. The department was a small topographic detachment of 17 people, which by the beginning of hostilities managed to carry out significant work to meet the current needs of the troops.

Even before the transfer of troops to Bulgaria, the department began to reconnoiter the left bank of the Danube, and to determine, with the help of a telegraph, the differences between the cities of Chisinau, Iasi, Galati and Bucharest. This work was carried out under the direction of Mikhail Savitsky. Later, detailed plans were made for the cities of Nikopol, Sistov and Zimnitsa with their environs, several surveys were made of the vicinity of Plevna, as well as various positions of the troops, the geographical coordinates of a number of settlements were determined, and a road map of a part of Bulgaria was compiled. Thanks to the activities of the detachment, the troops could navigate in a completely unfamiliar area before. I had to work even under cross-gun and artillery fire, under extremely harsh conditions and hardships, often in difficult-to-reach and mountainous terrain. At Arab-Konak, topographers lived in tents during blizzards, fogs and frosts, reaching up to 20 degrees. Nevertheless, up to 10,000 square versts were qualitatively filmed, the astronomical coordinates of several dozen points were determined, and a large number of original maps and plans were lithographed. Lieutenant Colonel Savitsky showed high efficiency, showed his subordinates an example of stamina, dedication and endurance.

By the end of 1877, the number of representatives of the corps of military topographers involved in the theater of operations was increased by 40 people, and in 1878 brought to 102 specialists. These forces managed to organize topographic and geodetic support for Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian troops at the highest level.

The success of the case was hampered by diseases among the topographers. Field work in summer amid unbearable heat, in winter amid severe cold, incessant transitions from valleys to mountain peaks, unaccustomed food and deprivations of all kinds influenced the producers of work so detrimentally that all ranks, without exception, several times became victims of fevers, relapsing fevers and typhus. Many, wishing to fulfill the tasks assigned to them, worked in the intervals between paroxysms of the disease, 6 people paid with their lives for their devotion to their work, and 14 finally lost their health and were removed from work. Through selfless work, Russian topographers achieved remarkable results: from the end of 1877 to October 1879, they managed to cover the entire territory of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, part of Serbia and Romania with a trigonometric network (up to 1400 points), surveyed over 134 thousand square miles, determined up to 111 thousand heights, which ensured the brilliant victory of the Russian army in topographic and geodetic terms. A huge personal contribution to the work done during the war years on topographic and geodetic support of the troops was made by Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Savitsky.

After the end of the war, on November 9, 1878, Mikhail Aleksandrovich was appointed assistant chief of the Geodetic Department of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff. Soon, on April 7, 1880, for high achievements in the service, he was awarded the military rank of "colonel". In the capital, despite the convenience for the family, the brilliance of social life, career opportunities, Mikhail Alexandrovich was uncomfortable. He lacked the wide expanses of Russia, which were a vast field for his geodetic research. On March 30, 1884, Mikhail Savitsky was appointed head of the topographic survey of the Bessarabian province.

Soon, Colonel Savitsky had the opportunity to continue the topographic and geodetic work interrupted by the war on the territory of the Belarusian provinces of the Russian Empire. On April 3, 1885, Colonel Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky was appointed head of the Topographic Survey Department of the Grodno province. The administration was located in a strategically important western direction, which was not adequately equipped in terms of geodesy, and did not have satisfactory topographic maps for the entire territory, especially large scales. The Grodno administration was one of the largest and one of the most responsible areas: 50 of the 543 topographers and surveyors of the military topographer corps, who were on the list by the beginning of the 1880s, served in it. In studying the Western Belarusian expanses, Colonel Mikhail Savitsky at first was guided by the experience of his predecessors - a native of the Grodno province, lieutenant colonel of the General Staff Pavel Osipovich Bobrovsky, later an infantry general, an honorary citizen of the city of Grodno, who prepared in 1859-1863 a detailed geographical and military-statistical description of the Grodno province, and other officers who served in the Grodno garrison and in the topographic survey department. Great assistance in the work of Colonel Savitsky was provided by the assistant head of the department - the corps of military topographers, Colonel Feofan Dmitrievich Zyakin, holder of the Order of St. 35 years.

The Directorate, under the command of Colonel Savitsky, consisted of 49 officers of the corps of military topographers of various ranks and military ranks. Among them, in addition to the assistant, were the secretary, 3 map makers, 6 heads of survey departments, who had an average of 6 young officers - survey producers, and there were 38 of them in total. Among the heads of departments, one could single out experienced topographers who served in these positions since 1866: lieutenant colonels Iosif Tikhonovich Kondratenko and Anton Osipovich Ivanov, a participant in the Russian-Turkish war and holder of many Russian and foreign military orders, with whom Mikhail Aleksandrovich was lucky to work in the theater of operations in Bulgaria.

Being a well-deserved and highly professional commander who had combat experience, Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky enjoyed great prestige among his subordinates. The officer's awards eloquently spoke of great merits to the Fatherland. The chest of Colonel Savitsky was decorated with the Order of St. Vladimir 2nd (1905), 3rd (1886) and 4th degree (with swords and a bow) (1878), St. Anna 2nd (with swords) (1883) and 3rd 1st degree (1874), St. Stanislaus 1st (1896), 2nd degree (with swords) (1877). For participation in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877 - 1878, Mikhail Alexandrovich was also awarded a foreign military order - the Romanian Iron Cross (1878).

The Department of Topographic Survey of the Grodno Province, later called the Department of the Grodno Topographic Survey, was located near the Neman River, at the ferry crossing on Mostovaya Street (as it is still called), in the Bregman house. Even during the life of General Savitsky, construction of the then Petrovsky-Nikolaevsky, and now the Old, bridge was started next to the administration building. Mikhail Alexandrovich himself lived in a rented apartment on Novy Svet Street (later Sapernaya, Narutoovich, and now Dzerzhinsky), in a house located not far from the barracks of the 4th engineer battalion built at the end of the 19th century, which now houses the State Institution "1134 military -Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. Mikhail Aleksandrovich forever fell in love with the old cozy streets of ancient Grodno, having served in it permanently as head of the topographic survey department for over 23 years, until his death, refusing tempting offers to continue serving in the capital St. Petersburg. During his service, he studied and literally put on topographic maps every corner of the Grodno province so dear to him.

Mikhail Alexandrovich was married, was known as an exemplary family man, and adequately raised three sons. Son Alexander graduated from an infantry school, served as an officer in the 35th East Siberian Rifle Regiment of the 9th East Siberian Rifle Division. Another son - Vladimir - continued his father's work, became a military topographer. Another son - Nikolai, in 1910 - 1914 was a member of the Grodno City Duma, served as tax inspector of the Sokolsky district treasury.

General Savitsky did not shy away from public affairs, was a member of the Council of the Grodno Orthodox Sophia Brotherhood, took an active part in its work, including in the solemn farewell to the troops of the Grodno garrison to the Far East in 1904, in raising funds for the needs of sick and wounded soldiers, families of participants in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, for the needs of the Russian Red Cross Society. With his participation, a boarding school for orphans of officers from the 2nd Army Corps who died in the Russian-Japanese war, whose headquarters was located in Grodno, was founded in the city. Mikhail Alexandrovich took an active part in the activities of the brotherhood in the construction of the Grodno military church in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, which became a temple-monument to the soldiers of the Grodno garrison who died in the Russian-Japanese war, and now the main Orthodox church in the city of Grodno. Together with Mikhail Alexandrovich, members of his family also took part in the work of the Sofia Brotherhood. So, the general’s wife, Elizaveta Pavlovna Savitskaya, was an honorary member of the Grodno Sofia Orthodox Brotherhood, chairman of the Ladies’ Charitable Circle at the Grodno Orthodox Brotherhood, which provided great assistance to the soldiers of the garrison during the Russo-Japanese War, became one of the founders of the Grodno community of sisters of mercy

On December 6, 1894, for services to the Fatherland, Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky was awarded the military rank of major general, he became one of the six generals of the corps of military topographers. December 6, 1902 he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. Being the most experienced specialist, the head of the Department, which solved the most important state tasks, Mikhail Alexandrovich continued to serve even after reaching the age of 70, having over 55 years of service, which is a rare example in the history of the Armed Forces. Hardened during field topographic and geodetic work in various climatic conditions, he had a high capacity for work, was an energetic, enterprising, accurate and responsible officer, had high moral and spiritual qualities, and an inquisitive mind. All this, taken together, allowed him to achieve, on the one hand, the heights of skill, on the other, the heights of career growth, and in a relatively unpromising in terms of career advancement, in comparison with the infantry and cavalry, the corps of military topographers. His work was highly appreciated by the command of the corps and the military department. In 1908, Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky was awarded the high military rank of General of Infantry. Mikhail Alexandrovich became an elder among the generals and officers of the numerous Grodno garrison and an elder of the corps of military topographers, in the list of generals by seniority he occupied one of the first places among more than one and a half thousand generals of the Russian Imperial Army. He did not spare himself and continued to work, share experience, and bear a great social burden. On December 7, 1908, Mikhail Alexandrovich's heart stopped.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Savitsky was buried next to the ancient cemetery St. Marfinskaya Church, not far from the grave of Yevgeny Vladimirovich Geyser (1872 - 1895), second lieutenant of the corps of military topographers, who served under him. Later, in 1913, General of Infantry Georgy Aleksandrovich Zmetnov (1859–1913), chief of staff of the Second Army Corps of the Russian Imperial Army, who, like General Savitsky, was a veteran of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878, was buried near his grave. years. Members of the Grodno Sophia Orthodox Brotherhood are buried nearby, to which Mikhail Alexandrovich gave so much energy and strength ...

His father's work in the Department of Grodno Topographic Survey was continued by his son, Captain Vladimir Mikhailovich Savitsky, who in 1908 headed one of the departments of the department.

So another white page has been filled in the history of the native land and the Grodno garrison. And let this page, which tells about the life of an officer, a scientist and an outstanding person, our fellow countryman, be useful in educating the younger generation of defenders and workers of the Belarusian land, and let the undeservedly forgotten name of General Mikhail Aleksandrovich Savitsky take its rightful place in national history.

Foreign awards

Evgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky (December 11 (24) ( 19101224 ) - April 6) - Soviet military pilot and military leader. As-fighter of the Great Patriotic War. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). Air Marshal (1961).

Biography

Evgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky was born in the city of Novorossiysk, Black Sea Governorate (now Krasnodar Territory) on December 11 (24), 1910. At the age of seven, he lost his father. He graduated from the FZU school and worked for several years as a diesel operator at the Proletariy plant in Novorossiysk.

Pre-war service

During the Great Patriotic War

He fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from January 1942. In that year, he served as commander of the Air Force of the 25th Army, commander of the 205th Fighter Aviation Division, commander of the air group of the 17th Air Army. In December 1942 he was appointed commander of the 3rd Fighter Aviation Corps, which he led until the end of the war. By March 1944, Lieutenant General Savitsky shot down 15 enemy aircraft in air battles.

He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on May 11, 1944 for his skillful leadership of the corps and 107 sorties in which he shot down 15 enemy aircraft.

By the end of the war, Savitsky had 22 personally shot down and 2 in a group of enemy aircraft. In total, they made 216 sorties.

During the war, Savitsky was mentioned 22 times in thanksgiving orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Post-war service

Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1961-1966). He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 6th convocation.

Evgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky died on April 6, 1990 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Awards

• Two medals "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union (05/11/1944, 06/02/1945);
• three orders of Lenin (including 05/11/1944, 1954);
• Order of the October Revolution (12/23/1980);
• five orders of the Red Banner (including 11/23/1942, 03/16/1942, 1945, 1955);
• Order of Suvorov, 2nd class (02/14/1944);
• Order of Kutuzov 2nd class (07/26/1944);
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (03/11/1985);
• two orders of the Red Star (including 11/03/1944);
• Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 2nd degree;
• Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree (04/30/1975);
• laureate of the Lenin Prize (1978);
• Honored Military Pilot of the USSR (08/19/1965);
• other foreign orders and medals.

Memory

Bibliography

• In the sky over Malaya Zemlya. Krasnodar, 1980.
• Savitsky E. Ya.. - M .: DOSAAF, 1985.

• Savitsky E. Ya.. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1988.
• Savitsky E. Ya.- M .: Mol. guard, 1988.
• Savitsky E. Ya.. - M .: news of the councils of people's deputies of the USSR, 1985.

see also

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Notes

Literature

• Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M .: Military Publishing, 1988. - T. 2 / Lyubov - Yashchuk /. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.

Links

. Site "Heroes of the Country".

• .

An excerpt characterizing Savitsky, Evgeny Yakovlevich

In the booth, which Pierre entered and in which he stayed for four weeks, there were twenty-three captured soldiers, three officers and two officials.
All of them then appeared to Pierre as if in a fog, but Platon Karataev remained forever in Pierre's soul the most powerful and dearest memory and personification of everything Russian, kind and round. When the next day, at dawn, Pierre saw his neighbor, the first impression of something round was completely confirmed: the whole figure of Plato in his French overcoat belted with a rope, in a cap and bast shoes, was round, his head was completely round, back, chest, shoulders, even the arms that he wore, as if always about to embrace something, were round; a pleasant smile and large brown gentle eyes were round.
Platon Karataev must have been over fifty years old, judging by his stories about the campaigns in which he participated as a longtime soldier. He himself did not know and could not in any way determine how old he was; but his teeth, bright white and strong, which kept rolling out in their two semicircles when he laughed (as he often did), were all good and whole; not a single gray hair was in his beard and hair, and his whole body had the appearance of flexibility and especially hardness and endurance.
His face, despite the small round wrinkles, had an expression of innocence and youth; his voice was pleasant and melodious. But the main feature of his speech was immediacy and argumentativeness. He apparently never thought about what he said and what he would say; and from this there was a special irresistible persuasiveness in the speed and fidelity of his intonations.
His physical strength and agility were such during the first time of captivity that he did not seem to understand what fatigue and illness were. Every day in the morning and in the evening, lying down, he said: “Lord, put it down with a pebble, raise it up with a ball”; in the morning, getting up, always shrugging his shoulders in the same way, he would say: "Lie down - curled up, get up - shake yourself." And indeed, as soon as he lay down to immediately fall asleep like a stone, and as soon as he shook himself, in order to immediately, without a second of delay, take up some business, the children, having risen, take up toys. He knew how to do everything, not very well, but not badly either. He baked, steamed, sewed, planed, made boots. He was always busy and only at night allowed himself to talk, which he loved, and songs. He sang songs, not like songwriters sing, knowing that they are being listened to, but he sang like birds sing, obviously because it was just as necessary for him to make these sounds, as it is necessary to stretch or disperse; and these sounds were always subtle, tender, almost feminine, mournful, and his face was very serious at the same time.
Having been taken prisoner and overgrown with a beard, he, apparently, threw away everything that was put on him, alien, soldierly, and involuntarily returned to the former, peasant, people's warehouse.
“A soldier on leave is a shirt made of trousers,” he used to say. He reluctantly spoke about his time as a soldier, although he did not complain, and often repeated that he had never been beaten during his entire service. When he told, he mainly told from his old and, apparently, dear memories of the "Christian", as he pronounced, peasant life. The proverbs that filled his speech were not those, for the most part, indecent and glib sayings that the soldiers say, but these were those folk sayings that seem so insignificant, taken separately, and which suddenly acquire the meaning of deep wisdom when they are said by the way.
Often he said the exact opposite of what he had said before, but both were true. He loved to talk and spoke well, embellishing his speech with endearing and proverbs, which, it seemed to Pierre, he himself invented; but the main charm of his stories was that in his speech the simplest events, sometimes the very ones that, without noticing them, Pierre saw, took on the character of solemn decorum. He liked to listen to fairy tales that one soldier told in the evenings (all the same), but most of all he liked to listen to stories about real life. He smiled joyfully as he listened to such stories, inserting words and asking questions that tended to make clear to himself the beauty of what was being told to him. Attachments, friendship, love, as Pierre understood them, Karataev did not have any; but he loved and lived lovingly with everything that life brought him, and especially with a person - not with some famous person, but with those people who were before his eyes. He loved his mutt, loved his comrades, the French, loved Pierre, who was his neighbor; but Pierre felt that Karataev, in spite of all his affectionate tenderness for him (which he involuntarily paid tribute to Pierre's spiritual life), would not have been upset for a minute by parting from him. And Pierre began to experience the same feeling for Karataev.
Platon Karataev was for all the other prisoners the most ordinary soldier; his name was falcon or Platosha, they good-naturedly mocked him, sent him for parcels. But for Pierre, as he presented himself on the first night, an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth, he remained so forever.
Platon Karataev knew nothing by heart, except for his prayer. When he spoke his speeches, he, starting them, seemed not to know how he would end them.
When Pierre, sometimes struck by the meaning of his speech, asked to repeat what was said, Plato could not remember what he had said a minute ago, just as he could not in any way tell Pierre his favorite song with words. There it was: “dear, birch and I feel sick,” but the words did not make any sense. He did not understand and could not understand the meaning of words taken separately from the speech. Every word of his and every action was a manifestation of an activity unknown to him, which was his life. But his life, as he himself looked at it, had no meaning as a separate life. It only made sense as a part of the whole, which he constantly felt. His words and actions poured out of him as evenly, as necessary and immediately, as a scent separates from a flower. He could not understand either the price or the meaning of a single action or word.

Having received news from Nikolai that her brother was with the Rostovs in Yaroslavl, Princess Mary, despite her aunt's dissuades, immediately prepared to go, and not only alone, but with her nephew. Whether it was difficult, easy, possible or impossible, she did not ask and did not want to know: her duty was not only to be near, perhaps, her dying brother, but also to do everything possible to bring him a son, and she got up. drive. If Prince Andrei himself did not notify her, then Princess Mary explained that either by the fact that he was too weak to write, or by the fact that he considered this long journey too difficult and dangerous for her and his son.
In a few days, Princess Mary got ready for the journey. Her crews consisted of a huge princely carriage, in which she arrived in Voronezh, chaises and wagons. M lle Bourienne, Nikolushka with her tutor, an old nanny, three girls, Tikhon, a young footman and a haiduk, whom her aunt had let go with her, rode with her.
It was impossible to even think of going to Moscow in the usual way, and therefore the roundabout way that Princess Mary had to take: to Lipetsk, Ryazan, Vladimir, Shuya, was very long, due to the lack of post horses everywhere, it is very difficult and near Ryazan, where, as they said, the French showed up, even dangerous.
During this difficult journey, m lle Bourienne, Dessalles and the servants of Princess Mary were surprised by her fortitude and activity. She went to bed later than everyone else, got up earlier than everyone else, and no difficulties could stop her. Thanks to her activity and energy, which aroused her companions, by the end of the second week they were approaching Yaroslavl.
During the last time of her stay in Voronezh, Princess Marya experienced the best happiness in her life. Her love for Rostov no longer tormented her, did not excite her. This love filled her whole soul, became an indivisible part of herself, and she no longer fought against it. Of late, Princess Marya became convinced—although she never said this clearly to herself in words—she was convinced that she was loved and loved. She was convinced of this during her last meeting with Nikolai, when he came to her to announce that her brother was with the Rostovs. Nikolai did not hint in a single word that now (in the event of the recovery of Prince Andrei) the former relations between him and Natasha could be resumed, but Princess Marya saw from his face that he knew and thought this. And, despite the fact that his relationship to her - cautious, tender and loving - not only did not change, but he seemed to be glad that now the relationship between him and Princess Marya allowed him to more freely express his friendship to her love, as she sometimes thought Princess Mary. Princess Marya knew that she loved for the first and last time in her life, and felt that she was loved, and was happy, calm in this respect.
But this happiness of one side of her soul not only did not prevent her from feeling grief for her brother with all her strength, but, on the contrary, this peace of mind in one respect gave her a great opportunity to give herself completely to her feelings for her brother. This feeling was so strong in the first minute of leaving Voronezh that those who saw her off were sure, looking at her exhausted, desperate face, that she would certainly fall ill on the way; but it was precisely the difficulties and worries of the journey, which Princess Marya undertook with such activity, saved her for a while from her grief and gave her strength.
As always happens during a trip, Princess Marya thought about only one trip, forgetting what was his goal. But, approaching Yaroslavl, when something that could await her again opened up, and not many days later, but this evening, Princess Mary's excitement reached its extreme limits.
When a haiduk sent ahead to find out in Yaroslavl where the Rostovs were and in what position Prince Andrei was, he met a large carriage driving in at the outpost, he was horrified to see the terribly pale face of the princess, which stuck out to him from the window.