These events influenced. The impact of various events on financial markets. Unnecessary blanks and stainless steel

There is a lot you can't predict in the market. Surprises, both good and bad, arise constantly and have a huge impact on traders' positions. One of the key tasks of trading is to respond as quickly as possible to new events and changes in market conditions. But it is equally important to do everything to reduce the number of “market surprises”.

What can trigger “market surprises”? These are planned events and unplanned events.

Planned events affecting

Scheduled events include those events that can and should be marked on the calendar in advance. For example:

· publication of data on the income of certain companies,
· publication of data on the income of competitors of those companies whose shares you hold,
· preliminary news about the stocks you are trading,
· scheduled economic reports such as Philly Fed, Jobless Claims, GDP, etc.,
· FOMC central bank meetings. They can be highlighted on a separate line,
· reports on harvests or the goods you deal with.

It is important to avoid hasty conclusions here. You cannot predict the results of events occurring in the world of finance. So don’t blame yourself if you didn’t “realize” that the Fed Chairman gave a speech in a “special way”, after which some stock soared or S&P500 index sank a lot. Guessing the outcome of events is like playing in a casino. A trader only needs to know when these events will occur and affect prices. But how they will affect is unknown.

With unplanned events, everything is much more complicated. These events most often occur spontaneously. They could happen in the next five minutes, in a week or a month. It is very difficult to accurately predict their appearance. For example:

· resolving a legal issue for a specific company (litigation, etc.),
· laws that may affect the company's activities,
· approval or rejection of a patent, new medicine, etc.,
· an unplanned (rumored) announcement of a new product or line of business from a company you follow,
· decisions on geopolitical issues or other macroeconomic events.

These things are harder to predict due to timing uncertainty, but both sets of events will be handled equally. Any “external” (non-system) event can be dealt with in two ways.

Event Forecasting

You may be trying to predict the outcome of events: tracking which drug will be approved by the FDA; anticipate that country A will send tanks to the border of country B and disrupt the flow of goods to C; find out that, contrary to expectations, the fields were watered generously, so the harvest report should be positive. Is it worth doing? Maybe. But for each case there is a specialist who earns money for trying every day to predict the results of certain events. The vast majority of people reading this article are not experts in the field of financial forecasting and their conclusions about the impact of news and reports on the price of a stock or the value of a derivative financial instrument are mere guesses. Of course, there are many people who have tried to do such work without sufficient experience and knowledge. But before you try yourself as financial analyst and ask yourself a few questions:

Can you obtain data that is not available to ordinary market participants?
- Do you have enough knowledge and experience to analyze them and understand them correctly?
- Is there any reason why you will do the analysis better than the specialists?

You have no idea how difficult this work is. If you want to achieve results, you will have to study for ten years with those who are well versed in the field of forecasting. You will not become better than others by reading books, listening to the news, browsing social networks, getting an education at an educational institution, or using any other source of knowledge. Forecasting ability comes when all these things are combined with an understanding of the logic of the market.

But in the long term everything is not so bad. We are just warning you how difficult the forecasting process is. If you choose this path, you will have to gain serious practical experience. And even if you correctly predict the results of events, in some cases, they will differ from expectations.

Event Management

There is an easier way for traders: understand that these events will cause volatility in the market and increase risk. If events are planned, then you clearly know when the market condition will change. But how to use this information? View events as random impulses: “I know they will happen at a specific time and act as a trigger for the market. I don’t know in which direction, so the result could be good or bad.” What to do?

Let's try to give simple answers to this question, and you adapt them to your situation. It is best to simply reduce the size of your position or liquidate it before events occur that change the state of the market. If you are in a very promising position that should give a significant profit, then realizing that it will soon increase sharply and anything can happen, it is better to pull the stop order to breakeven and be patient.

It should be noted that there are also surprises: some events do not affect in any way, while others give an unexpectedly strong impetus. It is part of a trader's job to deal with such changes in the market. But remember that you cannot suffer a setback from a planned event that you somehow did not know about. Earnings reports, central bank meetings, economic releases—these are not events you should trade ahead of, but you should be aware of and mindful of. So always keep an eye on the events calendar.

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The history of Russia is very diverse, ambiguous and fascinating. This country has existed for hundreds of years and has significantly contributed to the development of world history. Russia has experienced a lot of collapses and falls, but it always got up from its knees and moved on to a bright future. Countless attempts to capture it have ended in resounding failures; no one will ever be able to conquer this great power. The people stood steadfastly for their independence and freedom and no one bowed their heads to the lords and invaders. Today, Russia is a leading country in the world in many different areas. This includes astronautics, mechanical engineering and much more.

The twentieth century was marked for Russia and a number of other countries by terrible and bloody wars, which unfortunately claimed millions of human lives. After the end of the Second World War, Russia as part of the USSR continued its rapid development in absolutely all sectors, this was the case until the collapse of this great and indestructible power. A decade has passed, a very difficult decade, and now Russia is again zealously striving forward, towards a bright and carefree future. What's next for her? Everything depends on the Russian people, who have always amazed the whole world with their resilience and steadfastness.

1861 February 19 - abolition of serfdom

A significant date for the entire Russian people, from now on the country was free from the shackles of slavery. This year began a new stage in Russian history. The internecine wars were over. A truly strong and wise empress ascended the throne, who managed to raise Russia from its knees and achieve its greatness and respect in Europe.

1905-1907 - the first Russian revolution

The bloody revolution ended in failure. The autocracy was not overthrown and the king remained on the throne. The main revolutionaries of nineteen seventeen took part in the period of the first revolution. This young generation of rebels and reformers tried in every possible way to change the political system that had reigned in Russia for many centuries

1914, August 1 - Russia's entry into World War I

It is impossible not to touch upon this event. The first war of the imperialists in history ended with monstrous human losses in the first place. As a result of this war, the world's leading empires collapsed - Ottoman, German, German. Along with the war, Russia was also experiencing a great revolution. This period was extremely difficult for the country, but in the end we all know that the most powerful state on the planet was formed

1917, February 27 - uprising in Petrograd

1917, February 27 - armed uprising in Petrograd (soldiers of the Petrograd garrison went over to the side of the rebel population).

These years were marked by the formation of the Temporary Committee of the State Duma and the election of the Petrograd Soviet. Unanimous victory in the elections to the Petrograd Soviet of the Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks. A new stage in the history of the Great Power.

1918, March 3 - signing of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty

From now on, Russia left the battlefield. There was now an urgent need to end the outbreak of civil war and bring the country's economy to growth. After the signing of the treaty, one of the stones oppressing Russia fell asleep.

The great power found its feet and smoothly began to move towards development. The civil war was completely over. The USSR set a course for a bright future. The economy began to gradually grow, and the wounds from the civil war began to gradually heal.

1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9 - Great Patriotic War

The most terrible war in the history of mankind began on this wonderful summer and carefree day. For four long years, the people fought fiercely against the Nazi invaders who treacherously invaded the territory of the USSR.

1945, May 8-9 - surrender of Nazi Germany, victory day

May 9 is Victory Day. Victory Day! It is this holiday that is forever imprinted in the memory of absolutely every young and adult resident of this great country. At the cost of millions of lives, the country achieved the desired victory over the bloodthirsty enemy. Now the USSR has proven that it is worth something!

1956, February - XX Congress of the CPSU

The congress was marked by the world-famous “dispelling of the personality cult of Stalin.” Nikita Khrushchev literally shocked everyone present with his fiery speech. This is a new stage in the history of Russia and the entire USSR. This so-called thaw period left its mark forever.

1991, December 8 - signing of the Belovezhskaya Agreement

1991, December 8 - signing by B. N. Yeltsin (RSFSR), L. M. Kravchuk (Ukraine), S. S. Shushkevich (Belarus) of the Belovezhsky Agreement on the dissolution of the USSR.

This is the end of a great and powerful power. Seventy years of existence have not remained without a trace. Russia again became the right successor of the USSR. Again wars, hostility, political and economic crises. All this accompanied the country throughout the difficult nineties against the backdrop of total devastation, the war in Chechnya and much more.

year 2000

Election of Vladimir Putin as Russian President. A radically new period in the history of Russia. The new head of state was able to lead the country out of a long-term crisis, out of virtual ruin. The country's economy was boosted several times, the armed forces became powerful again. Various space programs were re-launched, and the country moved forward again! Now everything depends on the people of Russia, their fate belongs to them and no one else!

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As you know, every action has its consequences - good or bad, one way or another changing the course of life of individual people or all of humanity.

website I have collected for you events that influenced the course of events to varying degrees.

Prohibition and Caesar salad

On July 4, 1924, a stormy feast was taking place in a restaurant located in Mexico near the US border. And if there were no problems with alcohol, then food supplies had come to an end. And then the owner of the restaurant, Caesar Cardini, had the idea to prepare a dish from what they had not yet eaten.

Among the supplies of the resourceful cook were romaine lettuce, wheat bread, Parmesan and eggs. It was from romaine leaves, croutons, grated Parmesan and a sauce consisting of eggs, lemon juice, garlic, Worcestershire sauce and olive oil that the world's first Caesar was prepared.

Error in calculations and contamination of a vast area

In 1954, a nuclear bomb was tested in the Bikini Atoll area, the explosion of which was 2.5 times more powerful than predicted - 15 megatons instead of the most probable 6.

The error was caused by the bomb's designers, who decided that the lithium-7 present in the bomb would be inactive.

The result of this monstrous mistake was not only a change in the contours of the Bikini Atoll and radioactive contamination of a gigantic territory, but also the death of many people from the consequences of radiation sickness.

Defective wine and Dom Perignon

In the mid-17th century, Benedictine monk Pierre Perignon studied ways to remove bubbles from the wine that was produced in his monastery. According to the monk, it was the bubbles formed during fermentation that made the wine ignoble, and barrels of the drink exploded quite often. In order to correct all this, he came up with the idea of ​​​​pouring wine into bottles and plugging them with wooden stoppers, allowing them to contain carbon dioxide.

However, with the coming to power of the regent Philip II of Orleans, who preferred the foamy drink, the entire Parisian court, in the intention of pleasing the ruler, began to drink it exclusively.

The wounds of Inigo de Loyola and the Jesuit Order

According to Loyola himself, reading these books opened up an “incomprehensible world” in him, and gradually the gallant knight began to immerse himself more and more in religion. Nineteen years later, Iñigo organized and became the head of the Jesuit order, which played a major role in the revival of the Catholic faith in Europe after the Reformation.

Sawmill Construction and the California Gold Rush

On January 24, 1848, American River sawmill construction manager James W. Marshall discovered small yellow pebbles in the water wheel. He took the find to his employer, John Sutter, who, after testing it, concluded that it was pure gold.

Despite the fact that Sutter wanted to hide the fact of the discovery of gold, very soon the news of this spread throughout the country.

A huge number of people rushed to California, the population of the town of San Francisco increased from 1,000 to 25,000 people in 2 years, and the construction of roads, schools and churches began throughout the state. By the way, it was in California in 1853, during the gold rush, that Levi Strauss sewed and sold the world's first jeans.

Revenge and chips

Surprisingly, chips and jeans appeared in the same year. On August 24, 1853, the chef of the American restaurant Moon’s Lake House, George Crum, prepared the usual portion of French fries for one of his customers. However, the visitor did not like the thickness of the sliced ​​potatoes, which he complained to Krum about.

The cook got angry and responded by cutting the potatoes into slices no thicker than paper and frying them in boiling oil. However, the visitor was wildly delighted, and since then a new dish has appeared in the restaurant - “Saratoga Chips”.

Despite the fact that the recipe for such a dish was mentioned in a cookbook of 1817 and George Crum, most likely, is not its inventor, the credit for the popularity of chips undoubtedly belongs to him.

Wrong route and the start of the First World War

As you know, the reason for the outbreak of the First World War was the assassination of Prince Franz Ferdinand, which occurred in 1914. However, few people know that despite the fact that Gavrilo Princip was one of the conspirators who planned the crime, he managed to kill the prince by chance.

When the car turned onto Franz Joseph Street, along which the prince was driving to the town hall in the morning, it was noticed by Princip standing near the cafe, who actually fired the first shots of the First World War.

Melted chocolate and a revolution in cooking

In 1945, Percy LeBaron Spencer had already been working on radar development for the American company Raytheon for 20 years. One day, while passing by an installation emitting high-frequency waves, he noticed that the chocolate in his pocket (according to another version - a cheese sandwich) had melted.

Percy was not at a loss and bought dry corn kernels from a nearby store, which the machine immediately turned into popcorn. Then he decided to use it to boil an egg, which successfully exploded.

The patent for the first microwave oven, named Radarange, was received on October 8, 1945. After 2 years, the first commercial oven appeared on sale, the “height” of which reached 180 cm and weight - 340 kg. This “unit” cost $5,000.

Unnecessary blanks and stainless steel

In 1913, self-taught English metallurgist Harry Brearley studied alloys in search of the ideal metal formula for making gun barrels. He simply put the blanks that were unsuccessful, in his opinion, in a pile, where they rusted.

One day Harry noticed that one of the castings made a month ago, unlike the others, was not rusty at all. Brearley sent the castings to two manufacturers in Sheffield, where there had been factories for the production of knives and cutlery for several centuries, but they were not interested in his opening.

Only a year later, Brearley met a school friend, with whom they came up with a way to process the alloy so that it was not brittle. Already in 1916 they managed to obtain a patent for their invention in the USA.

Tea and the Revolutionary War

On December 16, 1773, an event took place in Boston, America, that went down in history as the Boston Tea Party. A group calling themselves the “Sons of Liberty,” dressed in Indian costumes, threw 342 boxes of tea that were in the holds of ships arriving from England into the water as a sign of protest against the Tea Law adopted in May.

Despite the existing disagreements between the North American colonies and Great Britain, historians believe that it was the Boston Tea Party that became the catalyst for the Revolutionary War, as a result of which the United States of America was formed.

Erased Records and the Moon Landing

According to official data, on July 20, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong was the first to walk on the surface of the Moon. According to various rumors circulating around the world since then, this is all a complete hoax and the Americans have never landed on the Earth’s satellite.

The rumors were also fueled by the fact that the original footage capturing the historical moment was accidentally destroyed by NASA specialists who were freeing the films for new video recordings. Only 4 copies have survived, transferred at one time to various television companies.

In 2009, Hollywood experts restored the recordings from existing copies, and today they are available to everyone on the NASA website. However, what exactly was restored in Hollywood and whether it was restored at all, given the capabilities of modern technologies, we are unlikely to know.

All these events happened in the first 16 years of my life. After that, nothing particularly excited me...

Children think a lot about life, but know very little about it. Therefore, they have much more in their heads than they see or can ask. That is, their inner world is much larger and richer than the outer one.

1. One day I stole a friend's car. I couldn't play it. I began to suffer terribly. My mother found out about this and advised me to call the boy’s parents. The shame was monstrous, the very thought of calling was unbearable, but I made up my mind. Then I realized that courageous actions are more difficult to do than shameful ones, but they make you stronger...

2. When I was little, I considered myself very smart. At least, it was difficult for me to imagine a smarter person, except perhaps a few adults. This feeling passed when I read Tolstoy’s book “Childhood. Adolescence. Youth". I was amazed that the writer remembers himself in the same words and with the same words. Around the same time I learned about the infinity of the universe. Then I realized how many small inner worlds there are and what an inexplicable big world they form...

3. One day I went to a pioneer camp because I was in love with a pioneer leader. Before that, I had only been to the camp once, but I escaped. Here I was appointed standard bearer. I really liked the white gloves, the red ribbon over the shoulder and the cap, but it turned out that at the end of the ceremony of handing over the banner he would have to be kissed. This seemed a little unnatural to me, especially since by that time I had never kissed. In general, the appointment did not take place. Besides, I didn't have a social life, I didn't like the candle game, and I never learned to play the drum. I didn’t do anything wrong, but the activists hated me. I had to leave again. Then I realized that even if you are a good person, this does not mean that everyone will love you...

4. One day my friends and I were sitting in the school locker room after school. A primary school teacher passed by and decided that we were picking through our pockets. The trial began. The case of theft was announced at a parent meeting. It was impossible to make excuses; even my parents doubted it. Before this, I had to lie, but, as a rule, it was unsuccessful. Therefore, the power and authority of truth was indestructible for me. But then I realized that even if you are right, this does not mean that they will believe you. It turned out that we must fight for the truth...

5. Once, as part of a cultural exchange program, my class and I went to Hungary. Abroad shocked everyone. My Hungarian had a wine cellar in his house, and for lunch they ate cherry soup. Our peers took girls for rides on their own motorcycles, drank wine and walked at night. A friendly football match took place between us. The girls, of course, were fans. In a word, you will never see such battles! Borodino faded before this battle. It was imperative to win. And we won. Then I realized something about patriotism...

6. In youth, physical strength and a sense of justice mean a lot. That's why I fought a lot at school. At the age of 16, I broke my classmate's nose. In principle, as the investigator explained, this was considered grievous bodily harm. But after the interrogation, he promised not to open a case, but offered to inform him about cases of theft and distribution of pornography at school and left his phone number. The piece of paper had to be thrown out in the corridor because the victim was listening at the door. Then I realized that dignity should always be stronger than fear...

7. The first separation from your beloved is never easy. I also had a difficult time experiencing this moment until I sat down at the table and wrote a heartfelt, lyrical story about a submarine officer. When the paper was marked at four in the morning, I was healthy and went to bed. Then I realized that art is a great power...

8. And one last thing. Even as a child, I was struck by the difference between a man and a woman. This shock has not yet passed.

The development of world history was not linear. At each stage there were events and periods that can be called “turning points.” They changed both geopolitics and people’s worldviews.

1. Neolithic revolution (10 thousand years BC - 2 thousand BC)

The term “Neolithic revolution” was introduced in 1949 by the English archaeologist Gordon Childe. Child called its main content the transition from an appropriating economy (hunting, gathering, fishing) to a producing economy (farming and cattle breeding). According to archaeological data, the domestication of animals and plants occurred at different times independently in 7-8 regions. The earliest center of the Neolithic revolution is considered to be the Middle East, where domestication began no later than 10 thousand years BC.

2. Creation of the Mediterranean civilization (4 thousand BC)

The Mediterranean region was the birthplace of the first civilizations. The appearance of the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia dates back to the 4th millennium BC. e. In the same 4th millennium BC. e. Egyptian pharaohs consolidated the lands in the Nile Valley, and their civilization quickly expanded across the Fertile Crescent to the eastern coast of the Mediterranean and beyond throughout the Levant. This made Mediterranean countries such as Egypt, Syria and Lebanon part of the cradle of civilization.

3. Great Migration of Peoples (IV-VII centuries)

The Great Migration of Peoples became a turning point in history, defining the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Scientists are still arguing about the causes of the Great Migration, but its consequences turned out to be global.

Numerous Germanic (Franks, Lombards, Saxons, Vandals, Goths) and Sarmatian (Alans) tribes moved to the territory of the weakening Roman Empire. The Slavs reached the Mediterranean and Baltic coasts and settled part of the Peloponnese and Asia Minor. The Turks reached Central Europe, the Arabs began their campaigns of conquest, during which they conquered the entire Middle East to the Indus, North Africa and Spain.

4. Fall of the Roman Empire (5th century)

Two powerful blows - in 410 by the Visigoths and in 476 by the Germans - crushed the seemingly eternal Roman Empire. This jeopardized the achievements of ancient European civilization. The crisis of Ancient Rome did not come suddenly, but had been brewing from within for a long time. The military and political decline of the empire, which began in the 3rd century, gradually led to the weakening of centralized power: it could no longer manage the sprawling and multinational empire. The ancient state was replaced by feudal Europe with its new organizing center - the “Holy Roman Empire”. Europe plunged into the abyss of turmoil and discord for several centuries.

5. Schism of the church (1054)

In 1054, the final split of the Christian Church into Eastern and Western occurred. Its reason was the desire of Pope Leo IX to obtain territories that were subordinate to Patriarch Michael Cerullarius. The result of the dispute was mutual church curses (anathemas) and public accusations of heresy. The Western Church was called Roman Catholic (Roman Universal Church), and the Eastern Church was called Orthodox. The path to the Schism was long (almost six centuries) and began with the so-called Acacian schism of 484.

6. Little Ice Age (1312-1791)

The beginning of the Little Ice Age, which began in 1312, led to an entire environmental catastrophe. According to experts, during the period from 1315 to 1317, almost a quarter of the population died out in Europe due to the Great Famine. Hunger was a constant companion of people throughout the Little Ice Age. During the period from 1371 to 1791, there were 111 famine years in France alone. In 1601 alone, half a million people died in Russia from famine due to crop failures.

However, the Little Ice Age gave the world more than just famine and high mortality. It also became one of the reasons for the birth of capitalism. Coal became the source of energy. For its extraction and transportation, workshops with hired workers began to be organized, which became a harbinger of the scientific and technological revolution and the birth of a new formation of social organization - capitalism. Some researchers (Margaret Anderson) also associate the settlement of America with the consequences of the Little Ice Age - people came for a better life from "God-forsaken" Europe.

7. Age of Great Geographical Discoveries (XV-XVII centuries)

The Age of Great Geographical Discovery radically expanded the ecumene of humanity. In addition, it created the opportunity for the leading European powers to make the most of their overseas colonies, exploiting their human and natural resources and extracting fabulous profits from it. Some scholars also directly link the triumph of capitalism with transatlantic trade, which gave rise to commercial and financial capital.

8. Reformation (XVI-XVII centuries)

The beginning of the Reformation is considered to be the speech of Martin Luther, Doctor of Theology at the University of Wittenberg: on October 31, 1517, he nailed his “95 Theses” to the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church. In them he spoke out against the existing abuses of the Catholic Church, in particular against the sale of indulgences.
The Reformation process gave rise to many so-called Protestant Wars, which seriously influenced the political structure of Europe. Historians consider the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to be the end of the Reformation.

9. The Great French Revolution (1789-1799)

The French Revolution, which broke out in 1789, not only transformed France from a monarchy into a republic, but also summed up the collapse of the old European order. Its slogan: “Freedom, equality, brotherhood” excited the minds of revolutionaries for a long time. The French Revolution not only laid the foundations for the democratization of European society - it appeared as a cruel machine of senseless terror, the victims of which were about 2 million people.

10. Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)

Napoleon's irrepressible imperial ambitions plunged Europe into chaos for 15 years. It all started with the invasion of French troops in Italy, and ended with an inglorious defeat in Russia. Being a talented commander, Napoleon, nevertheless, did not disdain the threats and intrigues with which he subjugated Spain and Holland to his influence, and also convinced Prussia to join the alliance, but then unceremoniously betrayed its interests.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and a number of other small territorial entities appeared on the map. The commander's final plans included the division of Europe between two emperors - himself and Alexander I, as well as the overthrow of Britain. But the inconsistent Napoleon himself changed his plans. The defeat in 1812 by Russia led to the collapse of Napoleonic plans in the rest of Europe. The Treaty of Paris (1814) returned France to its former 1792 borders.

11. Industrial revolution (XVII-XIX centuries)

The Industrial Revolution in Europe and the USA made it possible to move from an agricultural society to an industrial one over the course of only 3-5 generations. The invention of the steam engine in England in the second half of the 17th century is considered to be the conventional beginning of this process. Over time, steam engines began to be used in manufacturing, and then as a propulsion mechanism for steam locomotives and steamships.
The main achievements of the era of the Industrial Revolution can be considered the mechanization of labor, the invention of the first conveyors, machine tools, and the telegraph. The advent of railways was a huge step.

The Second World War took place on the territory of 40 countries, and 72 states took part in it. According to some estimates, 65 million people died in it. The war significantly weakened Europe's position in global politics and economics and led to the creation of a bipolar system in world geopolitics. Some countries were able to achieve independence during the war: Ethiopia, Iceland, Syria, Lebanon, Vietnam, Indonesia. Socialist regimes were established in the countries of Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet troops. World War II also led to the creation of the UN.

14. Scientific and technological revolution (mid-20th century)

The scientific and technological revolution, the onset of which is usually attributed to the middle of the last century, made it possible to automate production, entrusting the control and management of production processes to electronics. The role of information has seriously increased, which also allows us to talk about an information revolution. With the advent of rocket and space technology, human exploration of near-Earth space began.