Sketch and working design, what is the difference? Sketch design of a country house Design of a sketch design architecture
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The technical documentation at the preliminary design stage includes:
1) drawing of a general view of the object;
2) dimensional drawing of the object;
3) theoretical drawing of the object;
4) general types of main components;
5) an explanatory note containing the following sections:
a) selection and justification of the proposed technical solution;
6) technical characteristics of the object (purpose, dimensions, weight, power consumption, performance, operating mode, etc.);
c) description of the design of the object indicating its features;
d) calculation of technical and economic indicators of the facility’s operation and comparison with the highest indicators achieved to date;
e) calculations (kinematic, dynamic, strength, etc.);
f) statement of preliminary design.
As a rule, the EP also includes: diagrams (kinematic, hydraulic, electrical, etc.), a list of purchased products, a statement of approval for the use of purchased products, programs and test methods, calculations, tables, a patent form, a map of the technical level and quality of products.
The preliminary design may also include design documentation of models of individual parts of the object’s structure to verify the principles of their operation approved in the technical proposal.
During preliminary design, in contrast to the technical design stage, calculations are performed using more refined data and methods. If calculations confirm the economic effect determined at the stage of development of the technological process, then a decision is made to continue development. Otherwise, you need to make a change to it.
During the implementation of electronic design, designers, technologists, materials scientists, standardization and unification specialists, accountants, suppliers, production workers, designers, and economists work together. Thus, the process engineer, together with the project developer, tests the design for manufacturability, which includes:
The final choice of a rational design scheme;
Fundamental assessment of the manufacturability of the main components;
Identification of components that can be standard or unified;
Identification of components that can be borrowed;
Identification of assembly conditions for the product and its components;
Identification of the range of construction materials used;
Identification of product maintenance conditions;
Identification of conditions for monitoring, adjusting and preparing the product for operation;
Identification of conditions for production preparation and determination of basic aggregated data for organizing technological preparation of production;
Identification of new technological processes requiring technical equipment and development.
Calculation of manufacturability indicators is carried out on the basis of the basic data established in the technical specifications.
At the stage of execution of the electronic signature, work continues to identify patentable solutions that may appear during the layout of the object. Applications for inventions are filed both for the device and for the industrial design. Countries or consumer companies of the object are identified, proposals are developed for patenting inventions abroad.
The problems of choosing fundamental design solutions that give a general idea of the structure and operating principle of the product are solved. At this stage, a preliminary calculation of the functional parameters and quality indicators of the product being developed is performed. Signs of normal development of product quality at the stage of electronic design are:
The correct choice of design solutions, depending on high-quality calculations, successful layouts and choice of material, reasonable assignment of tolerances, design of kinematic units, sufficient structural rigidity, taking into account technology requirements;
Technical project
After coordination and approval of the preliminary design, the final design procedure is carried out - technical project(Tech. Pr).
In contrast to the preliminary design, at the technical design stage, all design solutions must be developed in full. At the same time, the technical documentation of the project should give not a general, but a complete and final idea of the structure of the facility, including all the necessary data for the development of working documentation and the guaranteed strength of the main structural elements with the dimensions and sections of the parts specified in the project.
At this stage, a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of circuit and design solutions of the technical object being developed is carried out on mock-ups or special installations.
The technical design must contain calculated confirmation of the compliance of individual functional parameters and quality indicators with the specified requirements. After selecting elements and determining the modes of their use, optimization of product quality indicators is carried out.
Technologists, participating in the development of a technical project, test the design for manufacturability, achieving the best values of its indicators.
At the technical design stage, issues of ensuring maintainability and suitability control, which are components of manufacturability, must also be addressed. When testing a technical object for maintainability, you should pay attention to the following requirements:
Simplicity and convenience of assembly development;
Access to parts and assemblies that have increased quality requirements for replacement;
Degree of application of standardized parts and assemblies;
Availability of element markings.
The engineering, psychological and artistic elaboration of the object determines: the final layout and design of workplaces, means of ensuring habitability conditions, specific tasks and functions performed by the operator, the technical form of the object and its components.
Patent research substantiates the possibility of using technical solutions protected by patents, checks newly created designs for patentability, and files applications for inventions.
The technical documentation at the technical project stage includes:
1) theoretical drawing;
2) dimensional drawing;
3) drawing of a general view of the object;
4) drawings of general views of the object’s components;
The correct choice of technological solutions, depending on the manufacturability of the parts and the product itself, the choice of processing accuracy, the choice of control methods and the type of connection (welding, soldering, mechanical fastening);
Absence of production errors due to the use of low-quality raw materials, materials and components, the use of equipment, machines, tools that do not meet technological requirements, deviations from technological regimes, violation of inspection and acceptance rules;
Absence of errors caused by operation, use of inappropriate fuels, lubricants and other operating materials; violation of maintenance rules, conditions and operating modes.
When developing an electronic design, methods of inversion, analogy, and constructive continuity are used to select technical design options and the overall design of an object. Particular attention is paid to the requirements for compliance with quality indicators, technical aesthetics, increasing the profitability of the facility and increasing the economic effect throughout the entire period of work.
Failure to complete the preliminary design may lead to the selection of non-optimal object parameters.
5) kinematic, electrical, hydraulic and other circuits;
6) assembly drawing of the object;
7) explanatory note containing the following sections:
a) purpose and scope of application of the developed object;
b) a review of existing samples of objects of similar purpose of domestic and foreign production (prototypes) and a comparative assessment of their design features and performance indicators;
c) a brief description of the design features of the new facility;
d) resolving issues of safety and industrial sanitation;
e) solving issues of manufacturability from the point of view of the production conditions of the manufacturer;
f) calculations of the scale of production of new objects and the effect of their introduction to consumers;
8) calculation note, including detailed kinematic, dynamic, strength and other calculations;
9) list of components;
10) statement of technical design.
As a rule, the composition of Tech.pr. also includes:
List of special tools and spare parts,
List of purchased items,
Statement of approval for the use of purchased products,
Technical conditions, program and test methods,
Patent Form,
Map of technical level and product quality.
Upon completion of the Tech.pr. stage. a conclusion is drawn up on the quality of the technical object.
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The preliminary design stage is the first and very important stage in the development of an individual house project. This is the most creative part of the whole job.
A preliminary design (architectural concept) is the result of a comprehensive analysis of a large number of different factors, making informed conceptual decisions with reference to the original technical specifications for the design.
It is important to understand that at the stage of developing a preliminary design, detailed calculations of structural elements are not carried out, therefore the architect must have sufficient knowledge and technical literacy so that the decisions made do not contradict building codes.
In the process of working on a preliminary design, the Customer is presented with several solutions to choose from. The options may differ in minor details or, conversely, be the complete opposite of each other. After analyzing several proposals, the customer chooses the option that suits him in all respects.
Why is a preliminary design necessary?
It makes it possible to visually present and agree on fundamental decisions on style, architectural design, functionality, planning solutions, dimensions, and layout of the house on the land plot in a short time.
Allows you to determine the estimated cost and timing of work on building a house, their order and list, the facility’s need for energy supply, as well as determine the preliminary work necessary to prepare the site for development.
Together with the accompanying documents, it allows you to coordinate and obtain a construction permit from the authorities
It is the basis for the detailed development of adopted design solutions and the issuance of working documentation necessary for construction
Composition of the preliminary design
The composition of the preliminary design is regulated by state standards GOST 2.119-73 "Unified system of design documentation".
The initial data for its development are the design specifications, urban planning plan, and topographic survey of the site.
The list of drawings that make up the preliminary design varies depending on the technical specifications and the complexity of the object being designed.
The set of documentation for the “Sketch Design” section consists of text and graphic parts – an explanatory note, sketches, 3D images of the object. The form of presentation of the preliminary design documents (paper or electronic) is determined by the developer in agreement with the customer.
Main sections of the preliminary design:
- master plan diagram on a scale of 1:500 with access roads;
- floor plans with overall dimensions and areas of premises;
- drawings of facades with elevations showing frontal images of the house on each side;
- sections of the object in characteristic zones;
- roof plan;
- 3D visualization;
- explanatory note.
Location of the house on the site (master plan). A capital construction project cannot be placed on a site arbitrarily. When choosing the layout of the house and adjacent buildings, fire safety requirements, sanitary standards and other building rules are taken into account. It is important to correctly orient the elements of the house relative to the cardinal directions, ensuring proper insolation of the premises, and to coordinate the chosen solution with the surrounding landscape and the layout of existing communications. The master plan diagram shows not only the object being designed, but also adjacent buildings and access roads.
Floor plans. The architect develops layout drawings of the main premises of the floors with the location of load-bearing walls, partitions, ceilings, roofs, door and window openings, flights of stairs, and foundation. This takes into account the thickness of walls, floors and ceilings, foundation structures and the layout of equipment and communications. All decisions are consistent with fire safety requirements. By prior agreement, at this stage a conceptual arrangement of furniture and selection of finishing materials can be carried out.
Facade drawings. Facades play an important role in sketch drawings, since they most clearly reflect the plans of the architect and engineer (authors of the project). The concept of the appearance of the house, its overall and height dimensions, colors, types of building and finishing materials are presented in graphic form, the layout of windows, doors, balconies, and terraces is thought out. Despite the variety of graphic techniques for making facades, the drawing must be extremely accurate in design, concise and easy to understand.
Roof plan. It is one of the mandatory drawings intended for construction and installation work and represents a top view of the building. Carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 21.501-2011 “System of design documentation for construction”. The roof plan of a building gives a general idea of the shape of the building and determines the position of all protruding roof elements, including the drainage system.
The following is applied to the building roof plan:
- coordination axes and outlines of the outer perimeter of the building, indicating the main dimensions and linking the elements;
- the slope values are indicated and a schematic representation of the transverse profile of the roof is drawn;
- ridges, ribs and valleys are indicated and the direction of the slopes is indicated;
- the positions and main dimensions of the roof elements are plotted (dormer windows, stove and ventilation pipes, deflectors, ventilation shafts, lanterns, parapets, fire escapes, etc.);
- elements of the roof fencing, funnels and gutters of internal and external drainage systems are indicated.
Explanatory note. The text part of the project provides a description of the characteristics and functional purpose of the object, and discusses some of its technical and economic indicators. The explanatory note indicates the approximate volume of basic building materials and construction and installation work. After developing the conceptual design, the picture of the upcoming financial costs and labor costs for designing the building becomes clear.
People rarely think about how important it is to correctly draw up a preliminary design of the intended object. But any construction should begin precisely from this stage. Moreover, by the time the first brick or log is delivered to the construction site, the sketch must already be agreed upon, developed and approved.
After all, without it, the customer (that is, you) will not be able to get a correct idea of what the completed building will look like. But this should be represented not only by you, but also by the builders who will carry out the entire work process. Therefore, it is worth taking this issue seriously, understanding it down to the smallest detail.
To begin with, a preliminary design of a house is a set of primary documents that is necessary to
And also correctly compile all the documentation used directly in this case. Having a sketch of the house in hand, you can easily formulate your requirements when communicating with the designers who will develop it.
How is it compiled
You are contacting a company that provides . First of all, after concluding the contract, you talk with the architect.
An experienced specialist will ask you in a simple and accessible manner about exactly what the house you would like to get should look like. Perhaps you will bring photographs of buildings that would fully suit you. But it is possible that you will have certain wishes: change the shape and location of the windows, use a tiled roof instead of a slate one, and a number of other minor changes.
All these wishes will be taken into account by the architect, who, after talking with you, will begin work.
For an experienced specialist, developing a preliminary design will take no more than a few days.
After this, you will be presented with a set of diagrams and color illustrations, allowing you to fully appreciate the external and internal appearance of your future home. Yes, some may wonder why you need to draw up a project practically from scratch if you already know what your house will look like.
Sample house plan After all, this will take a lot of money and time. And yet, drawing up a sketch is not at all a trick of specialists who want to take up your time and extract extra money from you. After all, any changes in the appearance of a building, even the most insignificant ones, can seriously affect its entire structure.
The simplest example: have you decided to enlarge the window? This means that the load on the entire window opening will increase significantly. And he will definitely need to be strengthened so that he can withstand it without harm to himself. Do you want to use ceramic tiles instead of metal tiles? This means that the rafters will have to be strengthened so that they can withstand the significantly increased load.
Of course, it is simply impossible to carry out all these calculations by eye, without drawing up a special sketch or project. In addition, the finished sketch allows you to fairly accurately determine the complexity of the work and the amount of materials required. And, therefore, you will be told the price of the house.
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Projects and construction of houses made of stone and brick
Example of estimate for materials Moreover, specialists will be able to calculate for you separately the cost of construction and finishing materials, as well as the cost of the work carried out. And this is very important. Perhaps no reasonable person would agree to start building a country cottage without knowing exactly how much it will cost him.
The sketch necessarily contains a number of illustrations by which you can evaluate your future home from the inside and outside.
Using the latest architectural programs allows you to make the sketch as visual as possible.
You just have to decide whether all your requirements were taken into account during construction, or whether you would like to make additional changes, achieving maximum compliance with the plans that you have in mind.
What is needed to conclude a contract for drawing up a sketch?
Developing a sketch is a very difficult and responsible job. Of course, it is carried out only after concluding an agreement with the company. And for this you will need to collect the following documents:
- Technical specifications for design. Here you need to submit in writing your requirements that the future object must meet;
- Urban planning plan for a plot of land;
- Geodetic survey of a land plot (scale 1:500);
- Certificate that the existing footage is suitable for use.
When these documents are collected, you can safely go to sign the contract for the provision of services. Immediately after this, you will be directed to the architect-designer to coordinate all the work. Having received all the necessary information from you (in addition to the technical specifications), he begins to develop a sketch.
House sketch example It is worth saying that creating a sketch is a very difficult and important stage. From the outside it may seem that everything here is quite easy and simple: every person can live in the way he would like to live. However, drawing up and drawing a sketch with your own hands very often leads to sad consequences. Still, the finished illustrations that are shown to you along with the sketch are just the tip of the iceberg. And the gigantic amount of work done remains in the drawings, which will tell little to a person not related to construction.
Indeed, in order to draw up a sketch, a specialist carries out a series of calculations, which are later used to develop a project according to which construction will be carried out. And a non-professional will hardly be able to do all the work with the same quality, guaranteeing the integrity and durability of the structure, as a specialist who has gotten his hands on this over many years of work.
house design example To more clearly explain how many factors have to be taken into account when developing a preliminary design of a building, it is worth listing the main ones.
Location on the site
When locating housing on a plot of land, it is necessary to comply with a number of sanitary and fire safety requirements, as well as building standards. The distance from the house to the border of the neighboring plot must be no less than the established minimum. It is also necessary to correctly orient the house relative to the cardinal directions. Technical rooms are best located on the north side, while residential rooms should be placed on the south.
Of course, the house should fit gracefully into the surrounding landscape, and not stand out from it.
When drawing up a master plan for a site, an experienced architect will successfully place on it not only the house itself, but also all the buildings that the owner of the site considers necessary. This could be a number of other buildings.
- The plan of a site divided into functional zones is called fore sketch.
- Garden zoning- this is the basis for future design work; it is zoning that allows you to present the author’s plan for organizing garden and park space. The fore sketch shows the front area, recreation areas, road and path network, ponds, children's and sports grounds, the location of small architectural forms and green areas of the garden or park.
- An excellent way to visualize is included in the preliminary design perspective images of key viewpoints garden or park. Sketches of viewpoints develop the ideas of a preliminary design of landscape design - they provide clarity and the most detailed display of design ideas.
- Separate elements of landscape design are contained in compositional sketches, revealing details of the most significant elements. Compositional sketches are an artistic representation of MAF, decorative compositions, buildings, garden furniture, etc. A compositional sketch is an architectural technique used to add additional detail to the most significant elements of a garden design.
- 3d design allows you to display the future landscape design of the site in a three-dimensional, three-dimensional design. Made using professional computer programs, three-dimensional sketch models can be made in sufficient detail and cover an unlimited number of view points. 3D design allows you to clearly present to the customer all the plans of the landscape architect.
- General plan- This is the final draft design of a garden or park. The master plan for the landscape design of the site is drawn up when the customer has familiarized himself with all the options for the preliminary design, made a choice of garden style, and approved his final decision on the organization of garden space. Only after the approval of the General Plan it becomes possible to clarify the range of plants.
- The master plan allows you to complete the main stage of approvals and begin detailed design.
As a rule, Garden Labyrinth specialists prepare two versions of a preliminary design and allow the customer to choose between them. As a result, one of the solutions forms the basis of the preliminary design.
Our clients always have a choice - to approve one of the options, approve a mixed option, or offer a new vision of garden design. It is the competent visualization of the author’s ideas that makes it possible to put an end to the issue of choice. Without a preliminary visualization of the project, it is quite difficult to achieve harmony between the customer’s initial plans and the real possibilities for their implementation.
What does the landscape design of the site look like in the sketch?
A landscape design sketch is a professionally executed site plan with a top view. All elements of landscape design are applied to the sheet with a sufficient degree of detail. For elements that require more detailed representation, separate sketches and drawings are created that are included in the general set of preliminary designs.
All elements that require explanation are described in the project itself or in the attached explanation. Large components and other elements that require detailing can be presented in additional sketches. The 3D models attached to the project improve the perception of the functional areas of the garden and individual viewpoints.
What other sketches can be included in the garden project?
After approval of the sketch of the landscape project, it becomes possible to begin preparing the most important document from the set of working documentation - the dendrological plan.
But in some cases, a sketch of a dendroplane can initially be drawn up, which contains data on the types, number and location of plants on the site. A dendroplan sketch allows you to visualize the location and size of plants in the garden, and understand how the plants will look in combination with the surrounding environment. The dendroplan sketch contains more detailed planting material than the garden sketch design, but it does not include an assortment list of plants and is not as detailed as the dendrological plan itself. The purpose of the dendroplane sketch is to visualize the landscaping project for the customer even before the creation of working drawings. The latter are a more complex and detailed study of the landscape project, therefore adjustments in terms of species and arrangement of plants are easier to carry out on a dendroplane sketch.
Also, at the beginning of detailed design, additional sketches can be created, clarifying and revealing design ideas even before they are designed in detail. These could be sketches of small architectural forms, a preliminary design of a winter garden or a sketch of a night garden with visualization of garden lighting in the dark.
You can see more examples of preliminary designs for gardens and parks in our Portfolio.
INTERSTATE STANDARD
UNIFIED SYSTEM OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
BASIC POINTS
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
GOST 2.119-73
IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS
1999
INTERSTATE STANDARD
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Unified system of design documentation SKETCHPROJECT Unified system for design documentation. Preliminary design |
GOST |
By Decree of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated February 28, 1973 No. 501, the introduction date was established
from 1974-01-01
This standard establishes requirements for the implementation of preliminary designs for products from all industries.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 . A preliminary design is developed if this is provided for in the technical specifications or protocol for reviewing the technical proposal.
A preliminary design is developed in order to establish the fundamental (structural, circuit, etc.) solutions of the product, giving a general idea of the principle of operation and (or) structure of the product, when it is advisable to do this before the development of a technical design or working documentation.
At the stage of developing a preliminary design, options for the product and (or) its components are considered. A preliminary design can be developed without considering various options at this stage.
1.2 . When developing a preliminary design, they carry out the work necessary to meet the requirements for the product and make it possible to establish fundamental solutions. The list of required work is determined by the developer depending on the nature and purpose of the product and is agreed upon with the customer if the product is being developed according to orders from the Ministry of Defense.
An approximate list of works for products for national economic purposes is given in.
Note. At the preliminary design stage, the work presented at the technical proposal stage is not repeated if it cannot provide additional data. In this case, the results of previously carried out work are reflected in the explanatory note.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 4).
1.3 . The set of preliminary design documents includes design documents in accordance with GOST 2.102-68 provided for in the terms of reference and protocol for consideration of the technical proposal. When executing documents in electronic form, the electronic structure of the product and the electronic model of the product (assembly unit, complex) are performed with a level of detail corresponding to the stage of the preliminary design.
Design documents developed for manufacturing material models according to GOST 2.002-72, are not included in the set of preliminary design documents.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
1.4 . Copies of the draft design documents, compiled according to GOST 2.106-96 . It is allowed, in agreement with the customer, to submit original documents of the preliminary design.
1.5. The form for submitting the preliminary design documents (paper or electronic), if it is not specified in the technical specifications and (or) the protocol for reviewing the technical proposal, is determined by the developer in agreement with the customer. Types of documents are determined by GOST 2.102-68 . It is allowed to include documents in various forms of presentation in the set of preliminary design documents.
(Introduced additionally Change No. 5 )
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPLETION OF DOCUMENTS
2.1 .General requirements for the execution of documents
2.1.1 . Design documents containing various product options are carried out according to GOST 2.118-73 in terms of posting information about various options, placing images of options, constructing tables containing data on various options, etc.
2.2 .General view drawing
2.2.1 . At the preliminary design stage, a general drawing or an equivalent electronic model of an assembly unit should generally contain:
a) images of the product (types, sections, sections), text and inscriptions necessary to understand the structural design of the product, the interaction of its components and the principle of operation of the product;
b) names, as well as designations (if any) of those components of the product for which it is necessary to indicate data (technical characteristics, quantity, instructions on material, principle of operation, etc.) or link to which necessary to explain the images of the general drawing, describe the principle of operation of the product, indicate the composition, etc.;
c) dimensions and other data applied to the images (if necessary);
d) a diagram, if required, but it is not practical to document it as a separate document;
e) technical characteristics of the product, if necessary for the convenience of comparing options according to the general drawing.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.2.2 . Images are made with maximum simplifications provided for by the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation. The component parts of the product, including borrowed (previously developed) and purchased ones, are depicted with simplifications (sometimes in the form of contour outlines), if this provides an understanding of the structural design of the product being developed, the interaction of its components and the operating principle of the product.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.2.3 . Separate images of the component parts of the product are placed on one common sheet with images of the entire product or on separate (subsequent) sheets of the general view drawing.
When making a general view drawing in the form of an electronic model of an assembly unit, it is recommended to place models of individual components of the product in separate files.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.2.4 . The names and designations of the component parts of the product in the general drawings are indicated in one of the following ways:
a) on the shelves of leader lines;
b) in a table placed on the same sheet as the product image;
c) in a table made on separate sheets of A4 format in accordance with GOST 2.301-68 as subsequent sheets of the general view drawing. In the general drawing, made in the form of an electronic model of the assembly unit, it is recommended to indicate the names and designations of the component parts of the product using methods according to a) and c).
If there is a table on the shelves of leader lines, indicate the position numbers of the components included in the table.
The table generally consists of columns: “Pos.”, “Designation”, “Name”, "Count," "Additional instructions."
When making a general view drawing in the form of an electronic model of an assembly unit, it is recommended to use simultaneous display of the electronic structure of the product (instead of a table) and its electronic model, providing the ability to highlight (highlight) a component of the electronic model when indicating the corresponding element of the electronic structure of the product.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.2.5 . It is recommended to place the names and designations of the component parts of the product in the table and (or) electronic structure of the product in the following order:
borrowed products;
purchased products;
newly developed products.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.2.6 . Elements of a general arrangement drawing and (or) an equivalent electronic model of the assembly unit"; delete the words: “for working drawings(item numbers, text of technical requirements, inscriptions, etc.) are performed according to the rules established by the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation for Working Drawings.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.3 .Sheet of preliminary design
2.3.1 . All design documents included in the set of documents of the preliminary design are entered into the draft design sheet in the manner established GOST 2.106-96 , regardless of which variant the document belongs to.
It is allowed to indicate in the “Note” column the option corresponding to this document.
It is allowed to include equivalent documents in various forms of presentation (in paper or electronic form) in the set of documents of the preliminary design, and it is recommended to indicate the form of presentation of the document in the “Note” column.
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.4 .Explanatory note
2.4.1 . The explanatory note of the preliminary design is carried out according to GOST 2.106-96 taking into account the following basic requirements for the content of sections:
a) in the “Introduction” section indicate the name, number and date of approval of the technical specifications. If the development of a preliminary design is provided not by the technical specifications, but by the protocol for considering the technical proposal, then make an entry like: “The development of the preliminary design is provided for by the technical proposal...” and indicate the number and date of the protocol for considering the technical proposal;
b) in the section “Purpose and scope of the product being developed”, provide the relevant information from the technical specifications and technical proposal, as well as information that specifies and supplements the technical specifications and technical proposal, in particular:
a brief description of the area and conditions of use of the product;
general characteristics of the object for which the product is intended (if necessary);
c) in the “Technical Specifications” section the following is given:
main technical characteristics of the product (power, speed, productivity, electricity consumption, fuel consumption, efficiency and other parameters characterizing the product);
information about compliance with or deviations from the requirements established by the technical specifications and technical proposal, if it was developed, with justification for the deviations;
data comparing the main characteristics of the product with the characteristics of analogues (domestic and foreign) or provide a link to a map of the technical level and quality;
d) in the section “Description and justification of the selected design” the following is given:
description of the design, justification of the fundamental decisions made at this stage (constructive, circuit, etc.). When executing an explanatory note in the form of an electronic document, it is allowed to provide a link to electronic layouts (models) made in accordance with GOST 2.052-2006.
Provide illustrations if necessary;
information about the purpose of material models (if they were made), electronic layouts (if they were developed), test or analysis program and methodology (or a link to a separate document - test program and methodology), test results and data assessing the compliance of the layouts with the specified requirements, including ergonomics and technical aesthetics;
photographs of material models (if necessary);
designations of the main design documents according to which material models were made, number and date of the test report (or protocol), etc. (for reference);
information about manufacturability;
data from checking decisions made for patent purity and competitiveness;
information about the use of inventions in this development, about submitted applications for new inventions;
information about the product’s compliance with safety and industrial hygiene requirements;
preliminary information about packaging and transportation of the product (if necessary);
technical requirements for new products and materials used in the product under development, which must be developed by other organizations. Such technical requirements can be given in the appendix to the explanatory note;
information on the compliance of the borrowed (previously developed) components, purchased products and materials used in the product with the product being developed in terms of technical characteristics, operating modes, warranty periods, operating conditions;
basic issues of product manufacturing technology;
information about the safety of the product and its impact on the environment;
information on product disposal;
e) in the section “Calculations confirming the operability and reliability of the design” the following is given:
approximate calculations confirming the performance of the product (kinematic, electrical, thermal, calculations of hydraulic systems, etc.);
approximate calculations confirming the reliability of the product (calculation of indicators of durability, maintainability, storability, etc.).
If the volume of calculations is large, they can be drawn up in the form of separate documents, and only the results of the calculations are presented in this section. For each type of calculation, indicate the software and information support of automated systems (if they are used to perform calculations);
f) in the section “Description of the organization of work using the product under development,” preliminary information is provided on the organization of work with the product at the site of operation, including:
description of techniques and methods of working with the product in the modes and conditions provided for in the technical specifications;
description of the procedure and methods of transportation, installation and storage of the product and its commissioning at the site of operation, as well as maintenance during storage and operation;
information about the qualifications and number of service personnel;
g) in the section “Expected technical and economic indicators” provide approximate calculations of economic indicators;
h) in the section “Level of standardization and unification”, preliminary information is provided on the use of standard, unified and borrowed assembly units and parts in the product being developed;
(Changed edition, Change No. 5 )
2.4.2 . The appendix to the explanatory note provides:
a copy of the technical specifications;
if necessary, a list of work that should be carried out at the subsequent stage of product development;
materials of artistic and design elaboration that are not design documents;
list of used literature, etc.;
a list of documents used in the development of a preliminary design and received by the product developer from other enterprises and organizations (copyright certificates, patent research report, consumer certificate on the required production volume of the products being developed, etc.); in this case, documents are not included in the appendix to the explanatory note, but the explanatory note may contain the necessary information from these documents (for example, the subject of the invention, the required quantities of products for a quarter, for a year, for a five-year period), as well as the number and date of the document or accompanying letters.
list of software and information support for automated systems used in the development of the preliminary design
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1,).
APPLICATION
LIST OF WORK PERFORMED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SKETCH DESIGN
In general, when developing a preliminary design, the following work is carried out:
a) execution of variants of possible solutions, establishment of the features of the variants (characteristics of variants of component parts, etc.), their design elaboration. The depth of such elaboration should be sufficient to compare the options under consideration;
b) preliminary resolution of issues of packaging and transportation of the product;
c) production and testing of material mock-ups and (or) development and analysis of electronic mock-ups in order to test the principles of operation of the product and (or) its components”;
d) development and justification of technical solutions aimed at ensuring reliability indicators established by the terms of reference and technical proposal;
e) assessment of the product for manufacturability and the correct choice of control means (tests, analysis, measurements);
f) assessment of the product according to standardization and unification indicators;
g) assessment of the product in terms of its compliance with the requirements of ergonomics and technical aesthetics. If necessary, to establish the ergonomic and aesthetic characteristics of the product and for the convenience of comparing different options, they are manufactured according to these characteristics. material layouts and (or) develop electronic layouts;
h) checking options for patent frequency and competitiveness, filing applications for inventions;
i) checking the compliance of options with safety and industrial hygiene requirements;
j) comparative assessment of the options under consideration, issues of metrological support of the product under development (possibility of choosing methods and measuring instruments).
p) elaboration of issues that ensure the possibility of using design documentation in electronic form at subsequent stages of development.”
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 5)
The comparison is carried out according to product quality indicators (purpose, reliability, manufacturability, standardization and unification, economic, aesthetic, ergonomic).
In this case, one should take into account the design and operational features of the developed and existing products, trends and prospects for the development of domestic and foreign technology in this area;
k) selection of the optimal product option(s), justification for the choice; making fundamental decisions; confirmation (or clarification) of the requirements for the product (technical characteristics, quality indicators, etc.) established by the technical specifications and technical proposal, and determination of technical and economic characteristics and indicators not established by the technical specifications and technical proposal;
l) identification, based on the adopted fundamental decisions, of new products and materials that should be developed by other enterprises (organizations), drawing up technical requirements for these products and materials;
m) compiling a list of work that should be carried out at the subsequent stage of development, in addition to or clarification of the work provided for in the terms of reference and technical proposal;
o) study of the main issues of manufacturing technology (if necessary);
o) preparation of proposals for the development of standards (revision and amendments to existing standards) provided for in the terms of reference at this stage.
APPLICATION. (IN entered additionally, Rev. No. 4).