En y in French. Pronouns in French: les pronoms. Nouns used with the preposition de, which acts as the object of the noun in a sentence

Friends, let's talk about such tricky words as the pronouns En and Y in French. Many people learning French encounter some difficulties when encountering these pronouns.

The thing is that these two pronouns have their own functions and special cases of their use, which we will talk about in this article. Verb pronouns en and у

The pronoun En and its role in French

The pronoun En can be:

• direct or indirect addition;
• replaces mainly inanimate nouns

The pronoun En with the indefinite or partial article des, du, de la:

• J'ai des problems. - I have a problem's. - Et qui n'ena pas? – Who doesn’t have them?
• Veux-tu du gâteau? - Do you want some cake? - Oui, j'enveux bien. -Yes I want it very much.

The pronoun En with the indefinite article un, une :

• Avez-vous une carte d'invitation? - Do you have an invitation card? - Oui, j'enai une. -Yes, I have one / yes, I do.
• Et moi, je n'enai pas. - But I don’t have it.

The pronoun En is also used with a quantitative word (noun, adjective or numeral, adverb):

• Un kilo
• Un paquet
• Une boîte
• Beaucoup
• Assez
• Plusieurs
• Quelques-uns
• Aucun
• D'autres
• Trois

For example:

• Combien de boîtesde chocolats as-tu? - How many boxes of chocolate do you have? – J’en ai sept - I have seven of them.
• Pierre a fait peud'erreurs et Lucie en a fait beaucoup. – Pierre made few mistakes, but Lucy made many.
• Tu as trois photos, et moi, je n'enai que deux. You have three photos, but I only have two.

The pronoun En with the preposition de:

• Est-elle sûre deson succès? Is she confident of his success? – En est-elle sûre? – Is she sure of him (this)?
• Est-ce que Armand a parlé deces dictionnaires? – Did he talk about these dictionaries? - Non, il n'en a pas parlé. – No, he didn’t talk about them.

The pronoun En replaces the infinitive:

• Est-il ravi de les voir?- Is he glad to see them? - Oui, il enest ravi. - Yes, I’m glad.
• Est-ce que tu as peur de perdre? -Are you afraid to lose? - Oui, j'en ai peur. - Yes, I'm afraid.

En can be an adverb of place (= from there):

• Nous revenons de Moldavie. - We are returning from Moldova. - Nous enrevenons. - We are returning from there.
• A quelle heure reviens – tu de l’école? - What time do you return from school? – J'enreviens à deux heures. - I'll be back at two o'clock.

En is used in the stable expression J'en ai assez - I've had enough; I'm tired; how tired I am of this, etc.
Example sentences

Features of the pronoun Y

Now it’s our turn to talk about the pronoun Y. Pronoun Y:

• can only be an indirect addition;
• replaces an inanimate noun with the preposition à:

For example:

• Nous pensons à notre promenade. - We are thinking about a walk. - Nous upensons. – We are thinking about her.
• -Est-ce que Nadine s’intéresse à la chimie? -Is Nadine interested in chemistry? – Oui, elle s’yintéresse. -Yes, he is interested.

The pronoun Y replaces the whole sentence:

Tu pourrais faire un rapport. - You could make a report. -J'y penserai. -I will think about it).

Y can be an adverb of place (meaning “there”), which replaces nouns with prepositions à, dans, en, sur, sous and others.

• Je vais au Canada. - J'y vais. I'm going to Japan / there.
• Depuis quand es-tu dans cet Université? - Since when have you been at this university? - J'y suis depuis l'année passée. - I've been here since last year.

Where En and Y appear in a sentence

The pronouns En or Y are placed:

Before a verb in personal form:

• Est-ce que vous en parlerez? -Are you going to talk about this?
• Elle s’yest intéressée. – She asked about this.
• N'ypensez pas! - Don't think about it!

Before verbs in the indefinite form:

• Pierre vient d'en - Pierre took advantage of this.
• Tu dois t'yhabituer. – You have to get used to it.

Before the words voici or voilà:

• Est-ce que tu veux une pomme? - Do you want an apple? – Envoilà une très bonne. That's very good.

The pronouns En or Y are placed after the imperative mood in the affirmative form:

• Parles-en! -Tell about it!
• Songez-y! - Think about it!

The pronouns En and Y are now behind us in French too. All you have to do is remember these rules!

• may be a direct or indirect addition;
• replaces mainly inanimate nouns

with an indefinite or partial article ( des,du, dela):

J'ai des ennuis. - I'm in trouble.

Et qui n' en a pas? – Who doesn’t have them?

Veux-tu de la glace? — Do you want ice cream?

Oui, j' en veux bien. -Yes I want it very much.

with the indefinite article un, une:

As-tu une carte d'invitation? — Do you have an invitation card?

Oui, j' en ai une. -Yes, I have it.

Et moi, je n' en ai pas. - But I don’t have it.

In affirmative and interrogative form un/une repeats itself. In the negative, no.

with a quantitative word (noun, adverb, adjective or numeral):

Combien de boîtes de bonmbons as-tu? — How many boxes of chocolates do you have?

J' en ai cinq - I have five of them.

Marc a fait peu de fautes et Luc en a fait beaucoup. Mark made few mistakes and Luke made many.

Tu as cinq photos, et moi, je n’ en ai que deux. You have five photos, but I only have two.

with a pretext de:

Es-tu sûr de son succès? Are you confident in his/her success?

En es-tu sûr?

Est-ce qu'il a parlé de ces articles? Was he talking about these articles?

Non, il n' en a pas parlé. No, he didn't talk about them.

• replaces the infinitive:

Est-elle ravie de les voir? Is she happy to see them?

Oui, elle en est ravie. -Yes, I'm glad.

Tu as peur de perdre? Are you afraid of losing?

Oui, j' en ai peur. -Yes, I'm afraid.

• replaces an entire sentence with a preposition de:

Daniel n'est pas reçu. Sa mere en est chagrinée. Daniel was not accepted. His mom is upset.
Personne ne viendra? En êtes-vous sûr? No one will come? Are you sure about that?

• En can be an adverb of place (= from there):

Nous revenons de Bulgarie. — We are returning from Bulgaria / from there.

Nous en revenons.

A quelle heure reviendras-tu, de l’école? - What time will you return from school?

J' en reviendrai à trois heures. - I'll be back at three o'clock.

Pronoun y

• can only be an indirect addition;
• replaces an inanimate noun with a preposition à :

Nous pensons à notre voyage. — We are thinking about the journey / it.

Nous at pensons.

Est-ce que Nathalie s’intéresse à la chimie? -Is Natalie interested in chemistry?

Oui, elle s’ y interesse. -Yes, he is interested.

• replaces the whole sentence:

- Vous pourriez faire un rapport. - You could make a report.

J'y penserai. -I will think.

Y can be an adverb of place (- there), which replaces prepositional nouns à, dansen, sur, sauce … .

Je vais au Japon. - J'y vais. I'm going to Japan / there.

Depuis quand es-tu dans ce lycée! — Since when have you been at this lyceum?

J'y suis depuis l'année passée. - I've been here since last year.

Place enand y in a sentence

One pronoun en or y is placed

Before a verb in personal form:

Vous en parlerez? Will you talk about this?

Je m' y suis intéresse. I was interested in this.

N' y pensez pas! Don't think about it!

Before the infinitive:

Je viens d' en profiter

Tu dois t' y habituer.

Before voici/voila:

Veux-tu une pomme? Do you want an apple?

En voilà une très bonne. That's very good.

En or at is placed after the imperative in the affirmative form:
Parles- en! Talk about it!

Songez- y! Think about it!

Two pronouns en And at(or those, te, lui, ...) are put:

Before the verb in the following order:

Des places? - Places?

Il y en Avait beaucoup. There were a lot of them there.

Des conseils? Adviсe?

Je ne leur en ai pas donne. I didn't give it to them.

Qui va leur en parler? who will tell them about this?

Ne lui en parlez pas! Don't tell him about this!

Aidez-nous- y! Help us with this!

Parle-m' en! Tell me about it!

En — adverb means "from there":

Il est allé à Moscou et il en est revenu. — He went to Moscow and returned from there.

En pronoun

En is also a personal unstressed pronoun and denotes mainly objects. En replaces:

1. Noun with preposition de, serving as an object to a verb (most often inanimate):

Il apperçut la maison et s’en approcha (= s’approcha de la maison). — He saw a house and approached it.

2. Noun with preposition de, serving as an addition to a noun:

Cette expédition est bien organisée, le succès en est certain (= le succès de cette expédition ). — This expedition is well organized, its success is predetermined.

3. Noun with partial article:

Mangez-vous de la soupe? - J'en mange. — Are you eating soup? - I eat it.

4. Plural noun used with the indefinite article des:

Lisez-vous des journaux? - J'en lis. — Do you read newspapers? - I read them.

5. Nouns preceded by a quantitative adverb or numeral:

Combien de cahiers avez-vous? - J'en ai deux. — How many notebooks do you have? - Two.

Quantitative adverbs:

• combien (de) - how much;
• beaucoup (de) - a lot;
• assez (de) - enough, enough;
• peu (de) - little;
• un peu (de) - a little;
• trop (de) - too much.

6. Whole sentence with the preposition de.

In this case, it is equivalent to the demonstrative pronoun cela with the preposition de:

Vous avez bien passé vos examens. Nous en sommes très contents (= très contents de cela). — You did well in your exams. We are very pleased with this.

Y adverb

means “there”, “there”.

J'y travaille. — I work there.

J'y vais. — I'm going there.

Y pronoun

Y as a personal pronoun replaces:

1. Inanimate noun with the preposition à:

Cet appareil est très fragile, il est défendu d’y toucher (= toucher à cet appareil). — This device is very fragile and should not be touched.

2. Nouns with prepositions en, dans, sur:

Elle prit un vase et y versa de l'eau (= versa de l'eau dans le vase). — She took a vase and poured water into it.

3. Whole sentence with the preposition à.

In this case, it is equivalent to the demonstrative pronoun cela with the preposition à:

Vous me proposez de prendre part à la discussion? J'y consens (= consens à cela). — Are you inviting me to take part in the discussion? I agree to this.

Place of en and y in a sentence

En And y– pronouns are unstressed and therefore are always placed before the verb (in complex tenses - before the auxiliary verb avoir or être), except in cases where the verb is in affirmative form of the imperative mood(Vas-y - Go there; Occupe-t'en - Get busy with it). In this case, they follow the verb, and verbs of group 1 have 2 units. ending appears -s, If en/y come immediately after them (Parl es-en; but N'en parl e pas).

Pronom y Pronoun y

Pronoun y replaces a noun denoting an object or phenomenon (inanimate), which plays the role of an indirect object in a sentence with the preposition à or sur; can also replace an entire sentence; in this case it is equivalent a cela.

Like unstressed pronouns and the pronoun en, the pronoun at is a verb and always comes before the verb (with the exception of the imperative mood in the affirmative form):

J "y pense, nous at avons aussi pensé.

S" y Est-elle habituée? Refléchisses- y !

Here are a few verbs that are used with the preposition à, and with which the pronoun y can be used:

Pronom en Pronoun en

Pronoun en replaces a noun that plays the role of an indirect object in a sentence and is used with a preposition de(inanimate object or animal name):

J"ai envie du gâteau. J" en ai envie.

En can replace an entire sentence:

Etes-vous sûr qu" elle est vraiment malade? Oui, j" en suis sûr.

Pronoun place en always before the verb, except for the imperative mood in the affirmative form, and in complex tenses - before the auxiliary verb:

Il en parle.

Il n" en parle pas.

En avez-vous parlé?

Il ne m" en a pas parlé.

Parles- en! – N’ en parle pas

Note. In the imperative mood in the 2nd person singular. verbs of the first group have -S at the end when they are used with en or with y:

If the noun that is replaced by the pronoun en, refers to the infinitive, the pronoun is placed before the infinitive:

Combien de tarte doit-il acheter? - Il doit en acheter trois. (acheter trois tartes)

Several verbs are followed by the preposition de:

Pronoun en also used as a direct object.

1.En replaces a noun with an indefinite article, acting as a direct object in affirmative sentence and noun with preposition de in a negative sentence.

A-t-il une sour? Oui, il a une sour.

Oui, il en a une.

Ont-ils un livre? Oui, ils ont un livre.

Oui,ils en ont un.

Please note that the article un (une) is repeated:

Non, il n"a pas de sour.

Non, il n" en a pas.

2. En replaces the direct object of the noun preceded by a word that denotes quantity (noun, adverb, numeral). This word is repeated:

A-t-elle beaucoup de cousins? Oui, elle a beaucoup de cousins.

Oui, elle en a beaucoup.

Non, elle n"a pas beaucoup de cousins.

(Elle a peu de cousins.)

Non, elle n" en a pas beaucoup.

Elle en a peu.

Combien de cours tu choisis?

J' en Choisis six (six courses).

Do you know why the pronoun was named that way? Actually, because it is used instead of a name. It is used as a substitute for a noun, proper or common noun. There are many of them in French:

• percussive and unaccented;
• direct and indirect;
• acting as the subject;
• possessive;
• relative;
• uncertain;
• negative and interrogative.

Today we will look at reflexive pronouns en And y.

EN

So, personal pronoun en coincides in form with the adverbial particle and can be translated as “ from there». En replaces a noun with a preposition de, indefinite nouns and phrases de cela.

Je suis sûr de ta victoire. J' en suis sûr. - I am confident of your victory. I'm confident in her.

Nous parlons de nos projets. Nous en parlons. - We are talking about our plans. We talk about them.

En Est-il satisfait? - Is he satisfied with this?

J'ai des fl eurs. J' en ai cinq. — I have flowers. I have five of them.

As-tu un appartment? — Oui, j' en ai un. — Do you have an apartment? - Yes, there is one.

Combien de fi lms avez-vous vu cette semaine? — Nous en avons vus trois. — How many films did you watch this week? — We looked at three (of them).

A-t-elle des allumettes? - Non, elle n' en a pas. - Does she have any matches? - No, no.

Avez-vous des enfants? — Oui, j' en ai deux. - Do you have any children? - Yes, I have two of them.

Negation is placed before en and after the verb. For example:

Vous avez des brioches? — Non, je n"en ai pas. — Do you have brioche (bun)? - No, no.

Vous avez un stylo? — Non, je n"en ai pas. — Do you have a pen? - No, no.

Here are a few examples when en acts as a particle:

Quand viens-tu de Paris? -J' en viens dans quinze jours. — When do you arrive from Paris? - I'll arrive in two weeks.

A quelle heure sors-tu de la maison? -J' en sors à sept heures et demie. — What time do you leave the house? — I leave (there) at 7.30.

Y

Y like en and also has an identical adverbial particle, which translates as “ there», « there». Y replaces inanimate nouns with prepositions à, sur, dans, en And a cela. And with animates, stressed personal pronouns are used ( moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles).

Example:

Je pense à ma vieillesse. J' y pense. - I think about old age. I think about her.

But:

Je pense à ma mère. Je pence à elle. - I think about my mother. I think about her. (It would be nice to help too.) (Here we use à elle, since we are talking about an animate noun.)

Elle ne répond pas à ma lettre. Elle n' y repond pas. — She does not answer my letter. She doesn't answer him.

Nous mettons nos cahiers sur le bureau. Nous y mettons nos cahiers. — We put our notebooks on the desk. We put our notebooks on it/there.

Le chef va en France. Il y va. — The boss is going to France. He's going there.

Les étudiants vont à l'Université. Ils y vont. — Students go to university. They are going there.

When negative, turnover ne...pas surrounds both particle and verb.

Il n"y va pas- He doesn't go there

Je n"y pense pas.- I don't think so.

Il n"y en a plus.- There is nothing there.

Also, in French there are several stable phrases with pronouns en And y. In such combinations, it is sometimes difficult to decipher the veiled meaning, so we recommend immediately memorizing them in full:

J'en ai assez.- I'm over it. I'm sick of.

Voilà où en sont les choses.- This is the situation / how things are.

C'en est fait!- It's over, it's over; decided.

En arrive à…- get to the point where...

Ne pas en croire ses yeux / ses oreilles- don’t believe your eyes/ears

En être à se demander- ask yourself a question

S'en faire pour qn- worry, worry about smb.

En finir avec qch- to finish with smth.

En vouloir à…- get angry

Il y a beaucoup d'animaux exotiques dans le parc zoologique.— There are many exotic animals in the zoo.

Y a pas!- It's nothing you can do!

J'y suis!- Understood! Moved in! Got it!

Ça y est!- Ready! Exactly! This is true!

N'y etre pour rien- have nothing to do with smth.

S'y connaître en qch- to be good at smth.

Y perdre son latin- to be lost, to be confused

Sans que rien n'y paraisse- without showing it

S'y prendre- to take up, to take on smth.

An interesting fact is that in common parlance y often replaces pronouns il, ils, lui(to him).

For example:

Y faut les bouffeurs.- Let’s eat them / deal with them.

Y dit une menterie. - He's lying.

J'y ai dit bonjour.- I said hello to him.

We hope our article was useful to you and we finally managed to solve this terrible counting puzzle en And y.