Emotions and their manifestations. The ability to feel is the main wealth of a person

Everyone has it thinking man have your own inner world. For some, he is bright and rich, rich, as psychologists say, “a person with a fine mental organization.” Some, on the contrary, have a small room filled with phobias and imposed stereotypes. Everyone is different, unique, and therefore the world inside is different. How to understand this diversity, who is who?

What is the inner world of a person?

Some call it the soul, but this is not entirely true: the soul is unchanging, and the attitude towards the world, leading person throughout life, it can change.

A set of internal character qualities, a way of thinking, moral principles and life position, combined with stereotypes and fears - that is what the inner world is. He is multifaceted. This is a worldview, the mental component of a person, which is the fruit of his spiritual labor.

The structure of the inner world

The subtle mental organization of a person consists of several segments:

Based on all of the above, we can conclude that the inner world is such a clear structure, an information matrix as the basis of a human being. Together with the soul and physical body they form man as an individual.

Some people have a very developed emotional sphere: they subtly feel what is happening and notice the smallest changes in the emotions of those around them. Others have extremely developed thinking: they can handle the most complex mathematical equations and logical problems, but if at the same time they are poor on the sensory plane, then they cannot love with all their hearts.

Therefore, it is important if a person wants to unlock the potential inherent in everyone and expand his inner world to unprecedented horizons, in parallel develop all segments of his being.

What does a rich inner world mean?

This term means that a person lives in harmony with himself and the outside world: people, nature. He lives consciously, and does not go with the flow artificially created by society.

This person knows how to create a happy space around himself, thereby changing the outside world. The feeling of contentment with life, despite all the ups and downs, does not leave him. Such a person tries every day to become better than he was yesterday, consciously developing in all areas of his inner world.

Are principles and worldviews the same thing?

Principles are patterned subjective attitudes of the mind towards a situation, people and the world, which often control a person. They are individual for everyone, develop in the process of upbringing and are laid deep in the subconscious by life experience.

The worldview has no templates - it is flexible, but at the same time stable, like bamboo: it can bend strongly, but in order to break it, you will have to try very hard. These are moral values, priorities in choice life path and ideas about what life should be like.

What is the difference between the external and internal world of a person?

What is the outside world? This is the space surrounding a person: houses, nature, people and cars, sun and wind. This also includes social relationships and interaction with nature. The organs of cognition - vision, tactile sensations and smell - also belong to to the outside world. And the way we react to them, experiencing various emotions and feelings, is already a manifestation of the inner world.

At the same time, the inner world of a person is capable of influencing the outer world: if a person is satisfied with life, then his affairs are going well, his work is a pleasure and he is surrounded by positive people. If inside a person is irritated or angry, condemns everyone and everything, then nothing works out in everyday life, failures haunt him. Phobias and complexes have a destructive effect on the inner world: they distort the perception of the world and people.

Everything that happens to a person in life is a reflection of his inner state, and if there is a desire to change the world around him, then he needs to start with himself - with the transformation of the inner space.

How to develop your inner world?

What unusual things must be done for the spiritual world to begin to change? Actually do some pretty normal things:

1. Proper nutrition. Often the food that people eat poisons not only their body, but also their mind. A person with a fine mental organization will never allow himself to eat another creature, so vegetarianism is the first step.
2. Walk outdoors. This also includes traveling to other cities or countries, hiking and just trips out of town or to the sea. There is only one difference - these are not gastronomic tours: eat barbecue, drink beer with friends, try all the pizzas in a new city. Connection with nature is important: lie on the grass, admire the sunset or sunrise, watch the animals.
3. Meditation is one of the most powerful tools for development. Just don’t confuse this process with sitting eyes closed and crossed legs, waiting for the lesson time to end. Meditation is introspection, a path inside: a person immerses himself in observing his emotions, thoughts, or simply breathing (in the first stages of mastering his mind).
4. Reading spiritual books. This does not mean that you need to read the Bible or the Bhagavad Gita; each book has its time, and Pollyanna or The Little Prince are equally highly moral creations.
5. The ability to be grateful to everything that surrounds you, everything that happens. Even if it goes against plans. The Universe knows better which way to direct a person towards development.

The development of the inner world implies a strong desire, aspiration and subsequent actions with full awareness of what is happening. “I want” alone is not enough here: it must be followed by “I do” and “regularly.”

People are emotional. Everyone reacts in a certain way to certain events in life. This mental process occurs constantly and is inextricably linked with human activity: with the satisfaction of simple life needs, with study, work, creativity. It is even impossible to imagine that a person eats without any emotions; on the contrary, he will choose a dish that will not only help satisfy hunger, but will also cause certain positive feelings. A person experiences many emotions when communicating with loved and unloved people. According to some psychologists, this process is an important motivating force that determines the activities of every person from the moment of his birth. In other words, emotions strongly influence the conscious regulation of human behavior, and they can not only weaken, but also strengthen the will. A person’s performance and, in general, his desire to work depend on them. Thus, no matter what a person does, thinks or says, it is all connected with emotions, because they are a reflection of a person’s experiences of all phenomena and situations of the internal and external world.

The human emotional world is diverse. Both positive and negative emotions have a great variety of shades. Some events cause disgust in a person, others - admiration. Feelings, moods and emotions make a person’s life rich and bright, give it color, relieve dullness and despondency. In just a few seconds they can radically change a person’s behavior, change his attitude towards himself and other people. Depending on the emotions that a person experiences, he sees everything in a black light or looks at the world through rose-colored glasses.

But events in life do not always evoke exclusively positive emotions. Sometimes they are so terrible that it seems that it would be better not to have any at all. So, for example, the bitterness of loss loved one or a pet is unbearable, just like anger and irritation when something in life doesn’t work out or you can’t achieve your plans. And sometimes it happens that no external negative factors are needed for a person to feel simply disgusting. When a person is in a bad mood, he is unable to concentrate, everything irritates him, and even one little thing can cause an outburst of anger. At the same time, it should be noted that if bad mood or a person can cope with irritation on his own with a simple effort of will, sometimes there are such emotional states that one cannot figure it out without a specialist. For example, severe stress can cause mental disorders and depression. In the same way, a person is not able to overcome a state of affect, in which conscious control of activity is very weakened or practically absent.

Emotions are subjective, that is, different people can react differently to the same event. So, for example, when seeing a spider, one person will feel disgust and fear, while another will feel tenderness. Some people react to rain with joy and fun, while others, on the contrary, react with irritation and sadness. Throughout the day, a person can experience a wide variety of mental states: joy, surprise, interest, anger, irritation, delight, tenderness, anger, sadness. Moreover, emotions also arise when a person does nothing but simply thinks about something.

Some people are convinced that their life would be much better and simpler without emotions. After all, then there would be no need to pay for rash decisions, not be afraid of stress and strong feelings. Then it would be possible to always act judiciously, make correct, informed decisions. Then there would be no misfortune and grief, vain worries and empty worries. This kind of life is just a dream. But on the other hand, if there were no emotions, a person would lose a lot, because they perform a large number of very important functions. Thanks to them, a person can adapt to the conditions of the surrounding world. This is the evaluation function, which acts as an indicator to determine the comfort zone. Simply put, if a person experiences positive emotions, then he is in the comfort zone and everything is fine. If his thoughts disturb his balance, it means that the person has left his comfort zone. If a person listens to his feelings, he will be able to quickly change his attitude and actions to the situation in order to again find himself in the comfort zone. This is very important, because every time a person feels negative, his psyche is shaken, his energy is depleted, which becomes the cause of stress, depression and apathy.

Emotions perform and protective function, which has an effect at the physiological level in critical situations. So, for example, fear leads to an activation of the release of adrenaline, and a person is able to strike an unexpected blow in the event of a threat. Anxiety on an emotional level forces a person to be more vigilant and careful, and to reconsider his actions. Thus, emotions can activate and mobilize the body to perform certain actions, providing an optimal level of arousal.

The motivating function helps a person do something that he did not dare to do. For example, anger caused by criticism can force a person to prove that he can do much more. Or a person watched a film in which the hero succeeds in everything, and he is inspired and does what he has long dreamed of, but doubted.

If all these functions are of an adaptive biological nature, then the most important and useful for humans are the expressive and communicative functions, which are closely related to each other. Their importance lies in the fact that in addition to physical and biochemical changes, emotions are also accompanied by certain behavioral reactions, which include vocal expressions of emotions, facial expressions and pantomimes. Communicative and expressive functions due to their external manifestations help to distinguish even minimal changes in the internal state, which helps people better understand each other.

These functions are especially important in interpersonal communication, when it is necessary to tune in to your partner’s state and feel the same as he does. It is no secret that emotional and expressive movements are non-verbal means communications that convey up to 90 percent of the information during communication. Thus, we can say that emotions are a special language with the help of which people talk to each other about their thoughts, feelings, and internal states.

Another one important feature emotions are their connection with memory, perception, attention, thinking, imagination, that is, with cognitive processes. Emotions are the main factor in involuntary attention and memory. When the learning process evokes positive feelings, information is remembered much faster.

Each psychologist tries to create his own classification of emotions. But in reality they are like a palette of colors, in which there are several primary colors and many shades, but they are all individual. However, there are emotions that all experts identify as basic. These are fear, irritation, anger, shame, interest, surprise, admiration, joy.

Fear is a negative emotion that can develop into a feeling. It has a protective function and occurs in cases that pose a possible physical threat or severe mental shock.

Irritation is also a negative emotion, which is inherently an indicator that something or someone is taking a person out of their comfort zone and either the situation needs to be changed or communication with the person needs to be stopped. If this emotion is not listened to, it can develop into anger.

Anger shows that the person has gone very far beyond the comfort zone and that something is happening that threatens the person's needs. In addition, this emotion is an indicator that a person has a false belief in relation to someone or something that prevents him from objectively assessing the situation.

Another negative emotion is shame. She has a large palette of shades. It is generally accepted that shame is necessary so that a person can identify inadequacy own actions with established norms and rules of society.

Among positive emotions, the motivating function is performed by interest, which stimulates a person to learn, cognition, and develop skills. As a rule, it is accompanied by openness to new things and curiosity.

Another positive emotion with motivating and evaluative functions is admiration. It says that everything was done in full accordance with internal beliefs, views and worldview.

Joy is also a positive emotion that indicates that a person is in a comfort zone. It performs a motivating function, promotes good deeds and creativity. In addition, it stimulates the production of endorphins, which have beneficial influence on physical condition.

Surprise does not have a clearly defined polar character. It helps to concentrate attention on some person, object, thought, makes you rethink, reconsider something.

Thus, emotions open up a special world for a person - the world of art and creativity. For anyone creative process inspiration is needed. Very often, a person’s feelings become material for creativity: new image is born from the fusion of emotions and imagination. Without emotions, a person would not be able to appreciate all the beauty and uniqueness of music, poetry and painting. Emotions make the human world more interesting and rich, setting the direction for personal development.

Thus, only in the unity of the emotional and intellectual spheres can a person achieve ultimate goal of its activities - to satisfy needs. And even though emotions very often take over at the most inopportune moments, bringing misfortune and grief, at the same time they give life a real taste, making it more rich, colorful and vibrant. And even though the cause of many illnesses and troubles lies in excessive sensitivity and emotionality, and a person cannot make the right, adequate decision, still without emotions a person would lose a lot. A world without love, admiration, joy would look sad. And, for sure, life without thoughtless, impulsive actions would become boring, because they are what sometimes make life very interesting.

How a person expresses his feelings and emotions. Shows of friendship and love

Feelings are the greatest gift to a person, an integral part of his personality. Society has always valued and values ​​true feelings. They decorate the person himself and bring joy to others.

According to psychologists, this feeling internal attitude a person to something, a special emotional state. Love and hate, passion and anger, fear and joy, these and many other human states are formed by millions of years of evolution. Anyone who knows how to control their feelings and control their behavior easily finds mutual language with people, calmly and rationally perceives the actions of others. The richer a person’s inner world, the more diverse the manifestation of his emotional states.

Science has proven that positive emotions - joy, tenderness, pleasure and others - are more constructive than negative ones: anger, fear, rudeness. Positive emotions are the basis for the formation of life values, such as friendship and love.

One of the wonderful feelings of friendship appears between people not only when their interests and views are similar, but also when they differ. “Friendship is not necessary for life, it is one of those things without which life is not necessary” (C.S. Lewis).

Teenage friendship is a complex, often contradictory phenomenon. The teenager strives to have a close, loyal friend and feverishly changes friends. Usually he looks for similarities, understanding and acceptance of his own experiences and attitudes in a friend. A friend who knows how to listen and sympathize becomes a kind of psychotherapist. If he, busy with his own problems and affairs, shows inattention or otherwise evaluates a situation that is significant for both, a break in the relationship is quite possible. As numerous studies show, in adolescence, close friends, usually peers of the same sex, study in the same class, belong to the same environment. But a teenager’s social circle is not limited to close friends; on the contrary, it becomes much wider than before. At this time, children make many acquaintances and, more importantly, informal groups or companies are formed. Teenagers can be united into a group not only by mutual sympathy, but also by common interests, activities, ways of entertainment, and places to spend their free time. If a teenager ends up in a group with a sufficiently high level social development, this has a beneficial effect on the development of his personality.

Often a teenager feels lonely next to his peers in noisy company. In addition, not every teenager is accepted into the group; some of them end up isolated. Usually these are insecure, withdrawn, nervous children and children who are overly aggressive, arrogant, require special attention, and are indifferent to the general affairs and successes of the group. During the transition period between adolescence and adolescence (1416 years), communication with peers is necessary for the formation of self-determination in early adolescence, but it also has other functions. If a high school student resorts to confidential communication with an adult mainly in problematic situations, when he himself finds it difficult to make a decision related to his plans for the future, then communication with friends remains personal and confessional. A young man, like a teenager, introduces others to his inner world of feelings, thoughts, interests, and hobbies. The greatest disappointments currently experienced are discussed with your best friend or girlfriend. The content of such communication real life, and not life prospects, the information transmitted to a friend is quite secret. Communication requires mutual understanding, inner closeness, and frankness. It is based on treating another as oneself, in which one’s own real “I” is revealed.

Youthful friendship is unique; it occupies an exceptional position among other attachments. Youth is considered the privileged age of friendship, but high school students themselves consider true friendship to be rare. As it turned out during the survey, only 33% of boys from graduating classes find that " real friendship common among peers."

The ability to love is laid down from childhood, it is given to a person first of all by his mother and close people.

If a mother breastfeeds the child, strokes him with gentle and warm hands, looks at him with loving eyes, talks to him all the time, the baby feels that the world is full of love and begins to love himself. Later he will have to discover the complexity of relationships in his family and with friends. However, his friendliness and willingness to love will remain unshakable.

American psychologist Erich Fromm wrote that when a person develops a sense of individuality, the presence of his parents is not enough for him. The need for unity with someone else increases in him. But the attraction of one person to another, interest in him is not love. Love forms more high level person-to-person relationships. It manifests itself as a desire to experience joy reflected from the joy of a loved one.

Psychologists believe that a person must distinguish between infatuation, infatuation and love.

It can be difficult to distinguish infatuation from infatuation, and infatuation from love. A strong passion often determines many of a person’s actions and can serve as a motive for starting a family. But it soon passes. When falling in love, the object of attention is usually idealized.

Teenagers often consider love to be infatuation and falling in love. It is sometimes difficult for them to distinguish love from another similar feeling.

High school students, just like teenagers, are inclined to imitate each other and assert themselves in the eyes of their peers with the help of real or imaginary “victories”. Not only in middle school, but also in high school, easy crushes resemble epidemics: as soon as one couple appears, everyone else immediately falls in love. Moreover, many are simultaneously attracted to the same most popular girl (or boy) in the class.

When we are infatuated, in love and in love, we experience similar emotions and sensations. However, it is still possible to distinguish them, and the best adviser at this time. Falling in love can last a long time, and it seems that this is exactly the person with whom you want to connect your life. But time passes, and people remain just good friends. Therefore, the advice of elders “not to rush” is not without common sense.

“This mystery is great,” it was said in ancient times about love.

Youthful dreams of love reflect, first of all, the need for emotional warmth, understanding, and spiritual closeness. At this time, the need for self-disclosure, human intimacy and the sensuality associated with physical maturation often do not coincide.

The contrast between love as a high feeling and a biological sexual need is especially pronounced in boys. When falling in love, they generally correctly call the nascent attachment friendship and at the same time experience strong eroticism, devoid of subtle psychological content.

When a 15-year-old girl seriously asks: “Is there pure love? “This already contains the statement that all sensuality, starting with touching and kissing, is “dirty.” The deepening of such ideas may complicate family life in the future.

On the one hand, the youthful dream of love and the idea of ​​ideal love are often devoid of sexual content. On the other hand, among teenagers (1315 years old) “dirty” conversations and dirty jokes are not uncommon. Pornographic images cause teenagers increased interest, allow them to “ground”, “reduce” the erotic experiences that excite them, for which they are not psychologically and culturally prepared. Adults often believe that this is only characteristic of “spoiled” boys. In fact, both “dirty” sex and the “sublime” ideal of a beautiful beloved can exist in the minds of the same teenager (remember A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, V. V. Veresaev, D. Updike, etc. .).

Teenage cynicism offends adults, but we must take into account that discussing “forbidden” issues (this includes not only sex, but also many other experiences associated with physiological changes during adolescence) with peers allows you to relieve the tension caused by such conversations and partly defuse it with laughter . However, you should worry not only about those who conduct “dirty” conversations, but also about those who silently listen: it is these guys, unable to express and “ground” the vague experiences that concern them, who often turn out to be the most impressionable and vulnerable.

This is why it is so important for a teenager to communicate with an adult (teacher, doctor, parents) who knows the peculiarities of the physiological development of a teenager’s psychology and sexuality.

Those who work with teenagers must make maximum tact and effort to preserve and strengthen in their souls that thin “thread” that connects love, sexuality and high moral principles; help them understand that sexuality is outside human relations meaningless.

There is a well-known proverb: “She is the beauty whom the heart loves.” There is some truth in this statement: love makes a person beautiful. As M. M. Prishvin wisely noted: “Love is an unknown country, and we are all sailing there, each on our own ship, and each of us is a captain on our own ship and leads the ship in our own way.”

In adolescence, a boy and a girl learn what first love is. This feeling is remembered for a lifetime. By its nature, first love is romantic. It is associated with both joyful moments full of delight and experiences and disappointments. For some, first love becomes love for life, but for others it is just one of the pleasant memories. Nevertheless, nature created man in such a way that he cannot do without love...

First love is a wonderful, bright feeling. Teenagers are ready to surrender to this feeling completely, to realize love through physical intimacy or marriage. But such a rush prevents us from learning all the diversity of relationships between a man and a woman.

There are factors that are important for harmonious relations two loving people: patience, mutual respect and understanding. To create a family, it is not enough to have only a material base; you need a certain psychological and physiological compatibility, the ability to love a person as he is, and recognize his right to be himself, to give in on little things without compromising his own pride. Material well-being contributes to the stability of a marriage, but it will never replace spiritual intimacy.

Living together in the absence of sincere feelings turns into cohabitation between two people and becomes a burden to them. Love can and should be learned, as well as the ability to sacrifice, to meet each other’s desires.

The feelings and characters of two people are subjected to serious tests during their life together. Each of the newlyweds carries the model of the family in which he was raised, so difficulties and clashes are inevitable.

We are accustomed to the expression: men are the stronger sex, and women are the weaker. Men's and women's interests and hobbies sometimes diverge, and behavior and attitudes to the same situations differ. All these differences are due to human nature itself. A man and a woman personify two opposite principles: masculine and feminine. Being part of the whole, and not the whole, they complement each other.

During the period of growing up, a teenager develops his own idea of ​​​​what a man should be and what it means to be a woman. This process is very subtle in nature, since physiological and psychological factors are involved in the formation of these ideas. Communication with people of the opposite sex, the traditions of each family help to understand and cultivate masculine or feminine qualities. For young men, not only classmates and friends play an important role, but primarily their mother and sister. In the same way, for girls, communication with their father and brother contributes to the formation of their own views.

A natural, friendly and warm style of communication in a family is built on sincere respect, when they value and see femininity in a girl (woman), and masculinity in a boy (man).

Differences in body structure and physiological functions are complemented by the most typical psychological characteristics inherent in men and women. So, a woman is gentle and caring, she is less aggressive in character, she is calmer and softer. A man is more decisive in his actions, actions, more purposeful and straightforward. A man and a woman unite to give birth to a new person. This is their biological purpose. However, human physiology has given rise to such concepts as physical attraction, passion, and the desire to satisfy sexual needs not related to procreation.

A man and a woman unite in love. Their psychology and worldview are different. Sometimes this interferes with mutual understanding, so both a man and a woman must learn to understand each other and master the culture of interpersonal communication.

Mutual respect between a man and a woman is manifested in behavior and conversation. Affectionate and gentle words are necessary for both, but especially for a woman. Interest in your partner’s affairs and problems, the desire to help him in word and deed are very important. The development of such relationships begins in adolescence, when the formation of boys and girls is most intensive.

Men and women need to remember self-respect and respect for each other. It is common for a woman to be caring, gentle and at the same time able to stand up for herself, her children, her family, while a man is strong, kind, fair, capable of taking responsibility for the well-being of the family. A boy and a girl, a man and a woman represent for each other an inexhaustible source of energy and happiness. It is such relationships and views that become the basis of a happy family life.

Perceiving the world around us, a person expresses his personal attitude towards various objects and phenomena in a unique way. And these are not just judgments, but special complex experiences that are accessible to all of us thanks to a complex of different emotions. Human emotions are one of the most important components of personality, performing biological and social functions: they perform a proactive reflection of reality, play key role in developing relationships with other people.

Human emotions and feelings create a multi-level and multi-dimensional world of emotional phenomena. They characterize a person, reflecting the complexity of his interaction with the outside world. Without understanding yourself, it is impossible to understand others. Developed emotional intelligence creates the possibility of deep relationships with other people, where the highest manifestation of the emotional sphere of the individual is the ability to empathy - penetration into the inner world of another through the identification mechanism.

Emotions are states that are associated with assessing the significance of factors acting on a person, determining satisfaction current needs. They can be an internal indicator of goal achievement. The emotional sphere of a person is very diverse. To better understand it, you should know that emotional phenomena, according to their complexity, can be divided into several levels.

• Emotional tone of sensations. This is the basic, simplest form of emotions in the form of fuzzy sensations, a genetically determined experience that does not relate to a specific object, but accompanies vital impressions (taste, pain, temperature). Gives a person different emotional shades.
• Actually emotions. These are fairly specific states that arise in connection with the satisfaction of needs. They characterize a person’s attitude towards current or possible situations. Among them are the basic emotions inherent in humans. For example, it could be excitement, joy, surprise, suffering, anger, shame. Their different combinations create complex emotions or feelings: anxiety, depression, love.
• Mood . This is a form of emotion that does not relate to a specific object or event, but has sufficient persistence and can act as an indicator of temperament. The main sign of mood is positive or negative tone.
• Feelings . These are persistent emotional attitudes towards certain aspects of reality. They are the highest product of cultural and emotional development person. Feelings can be divided into two groups: sthenic and asthenic. Stenic feelings are positive emotional states associated with the occurrence excitement, activity, vigor. They are a manifestation of preparation for high costs energy. Asthenic feelings are associated with experiencing sadness, decreased activity and decreased energy. They are evidence of a refusal to struggle with difficulties in conditions of increased emotional stress.

Now let’s take a closer look at what basic emotions a person has. The famous American psychologist Carroll Izard included the main human emotions in a list of 10 main emotions. They unite in groups and create emotional states and can become the basis of a psychological personality type.

1. Interest is a positive emotion that motivates learning and promotes creative activity, has a positive effect on attention and interest in the object of interest.
2. Joy is the most desirable emotion, which is more a product of actions and certain conditions than the result of the desire to experience it. The state of joy is associated with confidence and self-worth.
3. Surprise - occurs under the influence of unexpected events, promotes release from previous emotions and directs all attention to the object of surprise.
4. Suffering is an emotion that causes a state of “decline” internal forces", a feeling of loneliness and self-pity.
5. 
   Anger is associated with the mobilization of energy, a feeling of strength, courage and self-confidence.
6. Disgust – causes a desire to get rid of an object, due to the physical or psychological deterioration of this object.
7. Contempt – serves as a way of preparing for a meeting with a dangerous enemy, and is associated with a sense of one’s own superiority. This is a rather “cold” emotion, which, together with anger and disgust, are often combined in a person’s experiences and create the so-called “hostile triad”.
8. Fear - arises under the influence of information about a real or fictitious threat, and can be associated with uncertainty and bad premonitions.
9. Shame – causes a desire to hide, disappear, may be associated with a personal feeling of unworthiness.
10. Guilt is associated with shame, but shame can arise due to some mistakes, and guilt arises in case of violations of a moral, ethical or religious nature in situations where a person feels personally responsible for the events that occur.

Feeling is the highest manifestation of emotions

Feelings are a selective and persistent emotional attitude of a person. Feelings reflect the basic higher social and spiritual needs of a person. You already know what types of emotions a person has, and now let’s look at the main types of feelings.

Emotional Intelligence and Empathy

Emotional intelligence is a characteristic of the degree of development of a person’s emotional sphere. It includes such personality abilities as recognition of emotional states, accurate assessment of emotions, a tendency to report on the various states of other people, attention to them, and high sensitivity to the needs and feelings of other people.

It ensures the use of knowledge that is based on emotions. This is a special ability to encode and reveal emotional phenomena. A person with a highly developed emotional intelligence able to listen to one’s own feelings, control emotional impulses, and be optimistic.

An important trait of a person with developed emotional intelligence is the ability to empathize.

Empathy is feeling, penetration into the inner world of a person, the basis of which is the intellectual and emotional component. An empathic person is able to perceive the experiences of another person from his position, identifying himself with this person, without losing the clarity of understanding of his own personality. Empathy is an extremely valuable quality in people, professional activity which is associated with close interaction with other people.

Video about human emotions.

Feelings and emotions are closely related to our internal qualities, they are simply a reflection of what is happening inside us. We are often afraid and deny our own emotions, confuse emotions with feelings, feelings with states.

After talking with people, attending many trainings and conducting more than one consultation, we became convinced that people are not at all aware of their emotions. Oh no, they are not insensitive idiots, they continue to experience the whole range of emotions, without completely understanding what emotion they are experiencing in this moment. The simplest and most common question in all trainings and psychological consultations is: “How do you feel now?” - confuses people.

It is absolutely impossible to deal with your problems if you cannot even determine how you feel about this or that person or situation, or about this or that event.

What causes feelings and emotions

Not only are our feelings and emotions not recognized in themselves, but their causes remain a mystery to many.

There are a huge number of emotions and feelings and there is no definitive list of them either in psychology or physiology. The reason for this is that many emotions and feelings are purely social phenomena. The emergence of new emotions or their acquisition of a different meaning is due to the development of society. We do not feel many emotions and feelings at birth, but we learn them from our parents, relatives, friends, acquaintances, and even from the TV and film industry. All of them taken together from early childhood show and tell us what we should feel, how and in what situations. If you do not experience a certain range of feelings and sensations on some specific occasion, you are considered strange, not of this world, or even better - insensitive and selfish.

Innate human emotions

In addition to socially determined emotions, there are also innate ones. These are the emotions that a baby has from birth. Some experts classify as innate emotions those that appear in a baby shortly after birth, where the social factor and parental training apparently plays a minimal role. The list of these emotions is very small and neither scientists nor psychologists have come to unanimous opinion, what emotions should be included in it. Many agree that joy - contentment, interest - excitement, surprise - fear, anger - anger, disgust, fear - these are the emotions that are innate, the rest were taught to us.

We think it’s time to “take our head out of the sand” and figure out what we really feel, what caused this emotion in us and who “taught” us to feel this way and not otherwise.

Read and be surprised :-)

A

Excitement- an emotional state that is distinguished by a very strong interest in what is happening and a persistent desire to continue.

Types of excitement:

• Resource passion - in this state the effectiveness of actions is very high.

The excitement of doing something you love; the passion of an entrepreneur; excitement in mastering new knowledge.

• Gambling is destructive - in it, self-control, as a rule, is lost.

Gambler's excitement in a casino.

Apathy - a state of complete indifference, disinterest, lack of emotions and feelings. A person with apathetic manifestations experiences neither pleasure nor displeasure. Apathy is often seen as a result of severe and prolonged severe stress. It is a product of a defensive struggle against unbearable feelings of despair and loneliness or the threat of death. Outwardly, manifestations of apathy have the character of alienation - “refusal” from the objective world, but analysis often reveals preserved unconscious attachments, denied or disavowed by the defense.

B

Serenity - an imperturbably calm state.

Hopelessness - complete despair, lack of any hope.

Safety - This is a calm and confident state of mind in a person who considers himself protected from threat or danger.

Indifference - a state of complete indifference, disinterest.

Anxiety - an emotional state characterized by the experience of excitement, anxiety, discomfort, and an unpleasant premonition of evil. Arises under the influence of poorly understood and unknown factors external environment or the internal state of the person himself.

Helplessness - a negative state caused by unfavorable situations that cannot be prevented or overcome.

Powerlessness - confusion and severe annoyance at the realization of the impossibility of improving the difficult state of affairs, getting out of a dangerous or difficult situation.

Rabies - state of extreme irritation.

Gratitude - a feeling of obligation, respect and love for another person (in particular, expressed in appropriate actions) for a benefit done to him.

Bliss - a state of complete and undisturbed happiness, pleasure, a state of supreme satisfaction, supersensual unearthly happiness.

Cheerfulness - a state of high energy, excess strength and desire to do something.

Pain - a painful sensation reflecting the psychophysiological state of a person, which occurs under the influence of super-strong or destructive stimuli. Mental pain is a specific mental experience that is not associated with organic or functional disorders. Often accompanied by depression and mental illness. Most often it is long-lasting and associated with the loss of a loved one.

Disgust - exactingness, fastidiousness regarding cleanliness, compliance with hygiene rules (regarding food, clothing, etc.).

IN

Inspiration - a state of lightness, the ability to create, a feeling of “everything is possible, everything works out!”, doing with enthusiasm and pleasure. A state of spiritual renewal, new birth, the will to creativity, elation, inner insight and passion.

Fun - a carefree and joyful mood, characterized by a desire to laugh and have fun.

Guilt - an affective state characterized by the manifestation of fear, remorse and self-reproach, a feeling of one’s own insignificance, suffering and the need for repentance.

Falling in love - a strong, positively colored feeling (or complex of feelings), the object of which is another person, accompanied by a narrowing of consciousness, which may result in a distorted assessment of the object of love. Acute emotional experience, attraction to the object of sexual choice. V. can quickly fade away or turn into a stable feeling of love.

Lust - passionate desire, strong sensual attraction, sexual attraction.

Outrage - extreme dissatisfaction, indignation, anger.

Mental excitement - same as physiological affect, a condition that reduces a person’s ability to understand the meaning of his or her actions or to direct them.

Inspiration- increased desire to do something. Inspiration is a pre-stage of inspiration, a slightly less emotionally vibrant state. Inspiration arises and develops from inspiration.

Delight - overflowing joy. What will this overflow of energy result in? The next question is...

Delight - a joyful state of admiration, radiance from beauty and gratitude for beauty.

Hostility - strong dislike for someone, including hatred, ill will.

Arrogance - to look at someone from the height of one’s greatness is contemptuous arrogance. Negative moral quality, characterizing a disrespectful, contemptuous, arrogant attitude towards other people (towards individuals, certain social strata or people in general), associated with an exaggeration of one’s own merits and selfishness.

G

Anger- targeted aggression through open direct pressure on a partner. The world is hostile. Anger is usually expressed by an energetic, powerful scream.

Pride- a feeling of strength, freedom and height of position. Respect for a person, oneself for one’s own or someone else’s achievements that seem significant.

Pride- this is crooked pride. A person’s confidence that he himself is the only reason for his success. “I know for everyone what’s best for everyone.”

Sadness- an emotional state when the world around us seems gray, alien, hard and uncomfortable, painted in beautiful transparent gray and minor tones. Often, when you feel sad, you want to cry, you want to be alone. In sadness, the world is not yet hostile, but it is no longer friendly: it is only ordinary, inconvenient and alien, caustic. Usually the cause of sadness is a difficult event in life: separation from a loved one, loss of a loved one. Sadness is not an innate emotion, but an acquired one.

D

Duality- a feeling of duality, as a result of opposing internal urges to do something.

U

Respect- the position of one person in relation to another, recognition of the merits of the individual. A position that prescribes not to harm another: neither physically - through violence, nor morally - through judgment.

Confidence- a person’s mental state in which he considers some information to be true. Confidence is psychological characteristics faith and belief of a person. Confidence can be both the result of an individual’s own experience and the result of external influence. For example, confidence can appear in a person in addition to (and sometimes against) his will and consciousness under the influence of suggestion. A person can also induce a feeling of confidence through self-hypnosis (for example, autogenic training).

Hobby (extra valuable)- a one-sided and intense hobby that occupies an inappropriate place in a person’s life, having for him a disproportionately large significance, a special meaning. The ability to become very passionate about something or someone is associated with a system of personal values ​​and ideals. This is, for example, sports fanaticism, which may hide a feeling of inferiority, or too much attention paid to one's appearance, which may hide self-doubt.

Astonishment- this is a short-term, quickly passing reaction to a sudden, unexpected event; a mental state when something seems strange, unusual, unexpected. Surprise occurs when there is dissonance between a person’s imaginary picture of the world and what is actually happening. The greater the dissonance, the greater the surprise.

Satisfaction- a feeling of contentment and joy about the fulfillment of one’s desires and needs, about successfully developed conditions, through one’s actions, etc. Satisfaction usually comes when a goal is achieved. For young children, satisfaction can still be brought by the work itself, the process, and not the results of its implementation. Due to socialization, it is becoming increasingly difficult for adults to receive satisfaction from the process.

Pleasure- a feeling, experience that accompanies the satisfaction of a need or interest (the same as pleasure). Pleasure accompanies the decrease internal tension(physical and mental), helps restore the vital functions of the body. Behind pleasure there is always a desire, which, ultimately, as an individual desire, society seeks to take control of. However, in the process of socialization, the natural attitude towards pleasure is limited. Expanding functional contacts with others require a person to control his desire for pleasure, delay receiving pleasure, tolerate displeasure, etc. The pleasure principle manifests itself in opposition social demands and rules and acts as the basis of personal independence: in pleasure a person belongs to himself, is freed from obligations and in this regard is sovereign.

Dejection– a depressed, painful, languid state (from poverty, illness, other unfavorable circumstances, due to serious failures).

Horror– sudden and strong fear, internal trembling, the highest degree of fear, permeated with despair and hopelessness when confronted with something threatening, unknowable and alien; dizziness from the premonition of a total fiasco. Horror for a person is always forced, imposed from the outside - and in the case when we're talking about about psychic obsession.

Tenderness- a feeling of calm, sweet pity, humility, contrition, spiritual, welcoming participation, goodwill.

Pacification- a state of complete peace and satisfaction.

Humiliation– individual or group actions aimed at lowering a person’s status, usually in some way that embarrasses or offends the person. Some common actions considered humiliating are offensive words, gestures, body movements, slapping, spitting, etc. Some experts believe that the key point is that humiliation is determined by the consciousness of the humiliated person. In order to be humiliated, a person must consider the action humiliating. For some people, humiliation is a pleasure and a source of arousal (for example, in sexual role playing games), but for the vast majority - a difficult test that they do not want to undergo. Humiliation is accompanied by extremely painful emotional shock and affects the most sensitive parts of human self-esteem. If you hit it too hard, even a modest person can respond with aggression.

Dejection– hopeless sadness, loss of spirit, loss of hope for achieving what is desired or essential.

Rapture- a state of delight, pleasure, “admiration, delight, moral, spiritual intoxication.”

Fatigue- a physical and mental state of fatigue, characterized by weakened reactions, lethargy, drowsiness, and inattention. Fatigue arises from overload, from strong tension, from experiencing difficulties, grief, conflicts, from long periods of tedious work, routine work. This condition is the result of either poor work organization or poor health, but the cause of fatigue is a large number of unresolved interpersonal and internal conflicts, which, as a rule, are not realized.

F

Frustration- a state that arises as a result of anxiety about the impossibility of achieving goals and satisfying drives, the collapse of plans and hopes.

Sh

Shock (emotional)- a strong emotion accompanied by physiological shocks. Shock occurs as a result of the appearance of a new element in life to which the subject is not able to immediately adapt.

Psychologists distinguish:

• weak and fleeting shock, at the level of pleasant and unpleasant;
• shock causing more or less long-term maladjustment (strong emotion, loss of a dear being);
• shock, causing long-term maladjustment and thereby even leading to madness.

E

Euphoria- a mental state of joyful excitement and enthusiasm, accompanied by high spirits, excitement, and jubilation.

Exaltation- an emotional state of elevated liveliness with a tinge of unnatural enthusiasm, which seems to have no reason. It manifests itself either in the form of a dreamy mood or inexplicable inspiration.

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