Introductory lecture
by discipline
"Elective courses
in physical culture"

http://www.kspu.ru/division/97/

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education discipline
physical culture and sports are implemented:
By
- “Physical education” in the amount of at least 72
academic hours (2 credit units);
- Elective courses in physical education in
volume of at least 328 hours (0 credit units).
Specified
academic
watch
are
mandatory.

"Physical culture" is carried out
in the form of lectures.
Elective courses in physical science
culture are carried out in the form
physical training by type
sports: athletics, volleyball,
table tennis, badminton,
ski training, gymnastics, etc.

Study groups are formed after a medical examination
in accordance with the order of the KSPU named after. V.P.
Astafieva, taking into account the state of health
engaged.
The number of the main group is 15
Human;
special medical group – 8-12 people.
Students released due to condition
health from physical activity, prepare and
defend abstract work on topics,
proposed by the Department of Physical Culture and
health, at the beginning of each semester.

A student who regularly engages in sports
sections and having test results according to
excellent physical fitness, or excellent and
good or good, can attend classes freely
disciplines Elective courses in physical education.
The basis for free attendance of classes
Elective courses in physical education are
personal statement of the student, to which are attached:
certificates of regular attendance at the sports section
KSPU named after. V.P. Astafiev or educational
sports organizations of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in
the current academic year,
physical fitness test results for
excellent, or excellent and good, or good.

The department has:
2 gyms and a tennis hall on Vzletnaya 20;
2 for Marx 100;
ski base.
Conditions for receiving credit
a) attending all classes (or working out
missed);
b) passing tests: 100m run, 2/3km, push-ups,
jump rope, pull-ups, press, long jump with
places;
d) abstract (requirements for writing on the site
departments)
c) classes in sections (by agreement).

All controversial situations are resolved in
following sequence:
Leading teacher - head. department
(Popovanova N.A., room 1-33; Tue., Thu. 14:0018:00).

Cell phones, players in
clean up during class time.
Student late or not
admitted - working out
pass.

Medical examination is carried out by order of
faculties and groups;
students who have not passed the medical examination
classes will not be allowed.
Certificates for SMG (special
medical group) are transferred to the leading
to the teacher.
After the medical examination (October) final
SMG acquisition.
When moving to another teacher
debts are transferred.

Physical culture is carried out only on
1-2-3 courses (credits in 2, 4 and 5 semesters),
further only independently;
If a student is sick, then a certificate
to assure the leading teacher of
first aid station (Lebedeva, 80) – no classes
are being processed
After a long illness, a question with
The abstract is decided by the leading teacher.
Testing is carried out at Stadium 2
once a year - in the fall (from mid-September) and
in spring (from mid-May).

All classes are in sportswear only,
shoes
Call for classes for students; from class
for teacher 60 min.
No leaving classes on your own,
only with the permission of the teacher
Warm-up is mandatory.
Latecomers are not allowed!

Should not be left in
locker rooms valuables or
money can be deposited
to the teacher.
There is a problem with security
of things!
Take forgotten things from the box to
teaching!)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Birsk branch of the federal state educational budgetary institution of higher professional education "Bashkir State University"

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences and Humanities

Work program of the discipline “Elective courses in physical education”

Direction of training

03/44/05 TEACHER EDUCATION

Training profile History\Law

Graduate qualification (degree) Bachelor

Form of study – Full-time/correspondence

AGREED

I. ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SECTION ……………………………………....…6

Purpose of the courses…….…………………………………………………………………………………..…..6 Learning objectives of the courses……… …………………………………………………………...…..….6 The place of the discipline in the structure of the OPEP HE (the main professional educational program of higher education)…………… ……………………………………………………..6 Requirements for the results of mastering the content of the discipline…………………………….……7 Forms of control……… …………………………………………………………………………………….…....7

III. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY …………………………………………………….18

IV EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL, INFORMATIONAL AND MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF DISCIPLINE ……………………………………..…..18 Recommended reading…………………………………………………………………………………. ….18

Recommended training, reference and information, monitoring and other computer programs used in the study of the discipline…………………………..19 Logistics support for the discipline (sections)……………………………. .…...19 V ASSESSMENT TOOLS……………………………………………………………….....19 sample topics for essays9 Questions for

test………………………………………………………………………………….....20

VI. THEMATIC PLAN FOR STUDYING A DISCIPLINE …………………………….....22 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………….....3 1 Appendix

1………………………………………………………………………………......35 Appendix 2………………… …………………………………………………………………………………... …...38

I ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SECTION 1.1 The purpose of elective courses in physical education:

The purpose of elective courses in physical education is the formation of general cultural competencies: OK-8 the ability to use methods and means of physical education to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities;

1.2 Educational objectives of elective courses in physical education:

The objectives of the courses are:

1. maintaining and strengthening the health of students, promoting the proper formation and comprehensive development of the body, maintaining high performance throughout the entire period of study;

2. understanding the social significance of applied physical culture and its role in personal development and preparation for professional activity;

3. knowledge of scientific, biological, pedagogical and practical foundations of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle;

4. formation of a motivational and value-based attitude towards physical culture, an attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, physical improvement and self-education of the habit of regular exercise and sports;

5. mastering a system of practical skills that ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, mental well-being, development and improvement of psychophysical abilities, qualities and personality traits, self-determination in physical culture and sports;

6. acquiring personal experience in improving motor and functional capabilities, providing general and professional-applied physical preparedness for future profession and life;

7. acquisition by students of the necessary knowledge on the basics of theory, methodology and organization of physical education and sports training, preparation for work as public instructors, coaches and judges;

8. creating a basis for creative and methodologically sound use physical education and sports activities for the purpose of subsequent life and professional achievements;

9. improving the sports skills of student athletes.

1.3 Place of courses in the structure of the OPOP HE elective courses in physical education belong to the basic part of the curriculum and constitute an independent section.

To successfully complete the courses, the student must:

1. the importance of physical culture in the formation of a general culture of the individual, introduction to universal values ​​and a healthy lifestyle, strengthening human health, preventing bad habits, maintaining a healthy lifestyle through physical culture in the process physical education and sports activities;

2. scientific foundations of biology, physiology, theory and methodology of pedagogy and practice of physical culture and healthy lifestyle;

3. content and orientation of various systems of physical exercises, their health-improving and developmental effectiveness.

1. take into account the individual characteristics of the physical, gender, age and mental development of those involved and apply them during regular physical exercise;

2. conduct independent physical exercises with general developmental, professional-applied and health-corrective orientation; 3. create individual sets of physical exercises with different directions.

1. a set of exercises aimed at improving health, teaching motor actions and developing physical qualities;

2. ways to determine the dosage of physical activity and the direction of physical exercise;

3. insurance techniques and methods of providing first aid during physical exercise.

1.4. Requirements for the results of mastering the course content

As a result of mastering the courses, the following competencies should be formed: OK-8 the ability to use methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activity; As a result of mastering the OK-8 competency, the student must: acquire

the ability to use methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities;

1.5 Forms of control

Current and boundary control carried out by a teacher conducting practical classes in accordance with the thematic plan.

Current and milestone certification in semesters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 – pass

The results of ongoing monitoring and intermediate certification form the rating assessment of the student’s work. The distribution of points when forming a rating assessment of a student’s work is carried out in accordance with the “Regulations on the rating system for assessing the progress and quality of knowledge of students in the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher professional education” Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov." The distribution of points for certain types of work in the process of mastering the discipline “Applied Physical Culture” is carried out in accordance with Appendix 1.

Scope of discipline and types of academic work

Correspondence course Type of work

Total labor intensity Classroom work:

Lectures (L) Practical exercises (PL) Laboratory work (LB) CSR

Independent work:

Self-preparation (study and repetition of lecture material and material from textbooks and teaching aids, preparation for practical classes, colloquiums, midterm tests, etc.)

Preparation and passing the test

Type of final control: test

Labor intensity, hours

1 semester

II. COURSE CONTENTS

Name

Molded

courses section

Results of mastery (know, be able, own)

competencies

Physical culture and sport as social

Know:

professional

Physical

phenomena of society. Current state

solidarity and corporatism, understanding

culture in

physical culture and sports. Federal Law No. 329 “On

duty and honor

general culture

physical culture and sports in Russian

Be able to: decide

Federation". Physical culture of the individual.

production

professional

The essence of physical culture as

on a professional level, find contact

social institution. Values

with all team members

preparation

physical culture. Physical Culture

Possess: knowledge of professional ethics

students.

as an academic discipline of higher education

vocational education and

allowing

holistic personality development. Values

organizational and managerial work in

orientations and attitudes of students towards

team at a high modern level

physical culture and sports. Basic

provisions of the organization of physical

education in a higher educational institution.

Know:

Topic 2. Social

Organism

person

Basic

biological

self-developing

self-regulating

physical education, the role and place of physical

basics of physical

biological

Impact

culture and sports in ensuring health

culture.

natural

socio-ecological

nation and promoting socio-cultural

factors on the body and vital functions

development of society, methods and means

person. Means of physical culture and

physical

culture

provision

sports management

improvement

social

professional

functional capabilities of the body in

activities,

independent,

to ensure mental and physical

correct

use

activities. Physiological mechanisms and

physical education and health promotion

patterns

improvement

Be able to: Find effective methods and

individual

body

facilities

physical

culture

influence

directed

physical

ensuring social and professional

workout.

Motor

activities,

identify positive

increasing the stability of the human body

negative

physical

Educational

technologies

Practical

Independent

students.

Discussion

abstracts.

Consultations

teachers.

Practical

Independent work of students Discussion of abstracts. Teacher consultations.

	to different environmental conditions		preparation,		Right			use
			physical education methods both in theory and
			on practice
				By means			independent
			methodically		correct			use
				physical education				and strengthening
			health,	readiness				achieving
			due					physical
			preparedness					provision
			full social and professional
Topic 3.Basics	Human health as a value and factors		Know: the relationship between a student’s general culture
healthy image	its defining ones. General relationship		and his way of life.						Practical
life. Physical	student's culture and lifestyle.		Be able to: use knowledge of a healthy lifestyle
culture in	Healthy lifestyle and its components.		in professional and social life						Independent
ensuring	Personal attitude to health as a condition		Possess: personal and social skills						student work
health.	formation of a healthy lifestyle.		hygiene and age physiology						Discussion
	Criteria for the effectiveness of a healthy image								abstracts

2.2. Providing course content

Topic 1. Physical culture in general cultural and professional training of students.

Literature: O-1; O-2;O-3; N-1, N-2, D-1; D-9 Questions for self-test:

1. Expand the concept of physical culture.

2. Name the functions of physical culture.

3. What is physical perfection?

4. What are the indicators of physical perfection?

5. Expand the concept of physical education.

6. What principles is the domestic system of physical education based on?

7. What is physical training.

8. Name the types of physical training.

9. What is physical development?

1. Take measurements of your height, weight and mass, calculate the indices of their ratios.

2. Enter data into your diary once a month and determine the dynamics of indicators throughout the year.

Topic 2. Socio-biological foundations of physical culture.

Literature: O-1;O-2;O-5;D-1; D-9, D-13 Questions for self-test:

1. What types of bones does the human body consist of?

2. Define the concept of joint and name the types of joints.

3. Name the main types of muscles and their functions.

4. Define the concept of sarcomere and determine its functions.

5. Which muscle fibers have faster contractility?

6. What is glycogen broken down into during anaerobic processes of energy production?

7. What is formed during the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats?

8. Which process of energy formation is most effective during long-term physical work.

9. Define cardiovascular system and characterize changes in its functioning during physical activity.

10. Define the respiratory system and characterize changes in its functioning during physical activity.

Tasks for independent work:

1. Determine heart rate and blood pressure at rest and during exercise.

2. By performing loads of varying intensity and measuring heart rate and blood pressure, determine how they depend on the magnitude of the load.

Topic 3. Basics of a healthy lifestyle. Physical culture in ensuring health.

Literature: O-1; O-2, O-3; N-1;D-9; D-4, D-12, D13 Questions for self-test:

1.What does a healthy lifestyle involve?

2. What is human health (as defined by the World Health Organization)?

3. Name the groups of risk factors that affect human health.

4. Name the integral indicator of a person’s physical health.

5. What is MPC (DMPC). How does human health depend on this value?

6. Name the main indicators of homeostasis in a healthy person (pressure, heart rate, plasma pH, respiratory rate, glucose concentration).

7. Give the formula for effective nutrition and the proportions of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in food.

8. Name the main functions of nutrition.

9. What should be the power of the training load (in % of the maximum level of physical performance) in health training?

10. Name the most effective method of health training.

Tasks for independent work:

1. Calculate your daily energy consumption.

2. Balance your intake of major energy sources with your daily expenditure.

Topic 4. Psychological foundations of educational work and intellectual activity. Means of physical culture in regulating performance.

Literature: O-1;O-2;O-5;D-9; D-4; D-11. Self-test questions:

1. After what period of time after the start of school during the school day do students exhibit optimal (sustained) mental performance?

2. What is the typical dynamics of students’ mental performance during the school week?

3. Does the change in the physical performance of students during the school week correspond to the dynamics of their mental performance?

4. During what periods during the academic year do students experience the greatest decline in mental and physical performance?

5. Is it possible to effectively solve the problems of improving the health and improving the performance of students during their studies at a university only within the framework of physical education classes?

6. What “small forms” of physical exercises exist in the academic work regime of students?

Tasks for independent work:

1. Study the dynamics of your own performance throughout the day.

2. Balance your work-rest ratio for the most efficient performance.

Topic 5. General physical and special training in the physical education system

Literature: O-1;O-2;D-1; D-6; D-10. Self-test questions:

1. What is physical fitness?

2. What is the essence of general physical training?

3. What does special physical training include?

Topic 6. Fundamentals of methods of independent physical exercise.

Literature: O-1; O-2;O-4;D-5; D-8; D-12 Questions for self-test:

1. What forms of independent study exist.

2. How the nature of the content of classes changes depending on age.

3. What is the motivation and purposefulness of independent studies. 4.Features of independent studies for women.

5. Limits of load intensity in conditions of independent training for people of different ages.

6. Self-monitoring of the effectiveness of independent studies.

Tasks for independent work:

1. Create a morning exercise routine from 12-15 exercises.

2. Perform the complex daily and notice an increase in the overall performance of the body.

Topic 7. Sports. Individual choice of sports or physical exercise systems.

Literature: O-1;O-2;N-1; N-2;D-6; D-8. Self-test questions:

1. Define the concept of sport.

2. What are the distinctive features of competitive activity?

3. What changes in a person’s functional state does a competitive environment cause?

4. What is mass sport (sport for everyone)?

5. What is elite sport (Olympic sport)?

6. What is professional (entertainment and commercial) sport?

Topic 8. Features of practicing a chosen sport or system of physical exercises.

Literature: O-1;O-2;D-6; D-8; D-12; D-13 Questions for self-test:

1. Give a physiological explanation for the concept of supercompensation phase (super-restoration of energy sources, excitability of the nervous system)?

2. Which method of physical education involves precise dosage of load and rest?

3. What methodological principle of physical education involves a gradual and constant increase in requirements for students?

4. How does the competitive environment affect the physiological effect of physical exercise?

Tasks for independent work:

1. Choose a distance that you can easily cover while running at the lowest work intensity.

2. Run this distance every other day at the same time for 1–2 months regularly and find how much easier your body copes with the load (systematicity will lead to super-recovery of the body).

Topic 9. Diagnostics and self-diagnosis during exercise and sports

Literature: O-1;O-2;N-1;D-2; D-9, D-13. Self-test questions:

1. What is the frequency of medical monitoring for athletes?

2. Indicate the main purpose of the medical examination.

3. What determines the physical development of a person?

4. What type of posture is considered normal?

5. What characteristics underlie anthropometric standards?

6. What is the correlation method based on?

Tasks for independent work:

1. Take measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate at rest.

2. Take measurements of the subcutaneous fat layer.

Topic 10. Sports. Choice of sports, features of practicing the chosen sport.

Literature: O-1;O-2; O-3;D-6; D-8; D-12; D-13 Questions for self-test:

1. Describe the characteristics of the impact of sports (systems of physical exercises) on physical development and preparedness, mental qualities and personality traits.

2. Give characteristics of sports that develop individual physical qualities.

3. What are the goals and objectives of sports training in a university setting.

4. Tell us about planning a workout in your chosen sport.

5. What are the main ways to achieve physical, technical, tactical and mental preparedness.

6. Determine the main methods for monitoring the effectiveness of training sessions.

Tasks for independent work:

1. See the tasks of topic 9.

Topic 11. Self-control during physical exercise.

Literature: O-1;O-2; N-1;D-3; D 7; D-13. Self-test questions:

1. What is the purpose of self-control?

2. Specify subjective self-control data

3. Specify objective self-monitoring data

4. What is the breath hold during inhalation (Stange test) in healthy adults?

5. What is the breath hold during exhalation (Genchi test) of trained people?

6. What heart rate should not be exceeded when doing physical exercise at the age of 18?

Tasks for independent work:

1. Conduct a Genci test yourself.

2. Perform the Stange test yourself.

Topic 12. Professional applied physical training (PPPP) of students.

Literature: O-1;N-1;D-1; D-3. Self-test questions:

1. What is professional applied physical training (PPPT)?

2. What is the purpose of PPPP?

3. What are the tasks of the PPFP?

4. What groups can professions be divided into?

5. What basic physiological indicators must be taken into account when assessing the severity of work?

Tasks for independent work:

1. Create a set of physical exercises for your work activity.

Topic 13. Physical culture in the professional activity of a bachelor

Literature: O-1;O-2; N-1D-1; D-2 Questions for self-test:

1. What effect does forced restriction of motor activity during mental activity have on students’ bodies?

2.Do biological rhythms influence human performance?

3. Does the level of physical activity of students during their studies at a university affect their health?

4. What is meant by human motor activity (MA)?

5. What components can human motor activity be divided into?

7. Is it possible to develop certain mental qualities and personality traits with the help of physical exercise (participation in one sport or another)?

Topic 14. The relationship between a student’s general culture and his lifestyle.

Literature: O-1;O-2; O-3; N-1; N-2;D-1; D-2 Questions for self-test:

1. Human health as a value and the factors that determine it?

2. The relationship between a student’s general culture and his lifestyle?

3. A healthy lifestyle and its components?

Topic 15. Criteria for the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle.

Literature: O-1;O-2; O-3;D-3; D 7; D-13. Self-test questions:

1. Personal attitude to health as a condition for the formation of a healthy lifestyle? 2. Criteria for the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle?

Topic 16. Possibility and conditions for correction of physical development, physique, motor and functional readiness by means of physical culture and sports at student age.

Literature: O-1;N-2;D-3; D-3. Self-test questions:

1. Correction of physical development.

2. The influence of physical exercise, sports and healthy lifestyle on the functioning of the body and physique growth. 3. Correction of motor and functional readiness.

Sections: Sports at school and children's health

The program of the elective course in physical education “General Physical Education” was developed for students of 9th grade of the profile level, taking into account the physical development of students, the capabilities of the sports base and based on the requirements for students completing basic general education and is designed for 34 hours or 1 hour per week.

Goal: increasing the physical activity of students, forming the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, and general improvement of the body.

• teach the student ways to creatively apply acquired knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain a high level of physical and mental performance, health status, and improve developed competencies;
• improvement of specific motor actions, development of motor abilities, formation of skills to independently train and carry out physical education and sports activities; ?
• give the student the opportunity to realize his interest in the subject;
• to clarify the student’s readiness and ability to master the chosen subject at an advanced level;
• create conditions for preparing for an elective exam in the subject “Physical Education”;
• to enable students to use the acquired knowledge in their future life and practical activities.

The methodological basis of this elective course program is the Educational Standards of Basic General Education in Physical Education (basic and specialized level).

The system of arrangement of the material, the completeness of the presentation of information, the nature of the selection of material are aimed at achieving educational, educational, information goals outlined in the State Standard: promoting health, promoting harmonious development, acquiring the necessary knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports, promoting the development of moral and volitional qualities, development of mental processes and personality traits.

The material and technical base of the school allows the following sports to be included in the designated course: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics, shaping.

This work program is a type 2 program, since the number of hours allocated for mastering the educational material differs significantly from that in the program of the authors V.I. Lyakh and A.A. Zdanevich. In addition, in the proposed program, the educational material is supplemented with such sections as “Table Tennis” and “Shaping”, and the material in the section “Fundamentals of knowledge about physical culture” is studied in the context of a specific sport and is of leading importance in the applied nature of this elective course.

1. Basic knowledge

• features of the development of the chosen sport;
• pedagogical, physiological and psychological foundations of teaching motor actions and developing physical qualities, modern forms of constructing classes and systems of physical exercises with different functional orientations;
• biodynamic features and content of physical exercises of a general developmental and corrective nature, the basis of their use in solving problems of physical development and health promotion;
• age-related features of the development of leading mental processes and physical qualities, the possibility of forming individual traits and personality traits through regular physical education classes;
• psychofunctional characteristics of one’s own body;
• individual ways to control the development of adaptive properties of the body, improve health and increase physical fitness;
• methods of organizing independent physical exercises with different functional orientations, rules for using sports equipment and equipment, principles for creating the simplest sports facilities and playgrounds;
• rules of personal hygiene, injury prevention and first aid during physical exercise.

2. Athletics

• Running at a steady pace: 20–25 min. (boys), 15–20 min. (girls);
• Variable pace running: 10–15 min.

3. Sports games:

Volleyball

• player stance and movement;
• passing the ball;
• bottom feed;
• receiving the ball after serving;
• two-way game;
• direct attacking blow;
• single blocking.

Basketball

• stances, movements, stops, passes and catching the ball;
• dribbling the ball with the right and left hand;
• throwing the ball with one or two from a place and in motion.

4. Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics

• vault with legs bent;
• acrobatics: back rolls; stand on the shoulder blades, turns to the side; two somersaults forward; bending upward jump.

5. Table tennis

• movement;
• hits and serves left and right;
• straight blows with rotation;
• Single player game.

6. Shaping

• general impact exercises;
• exercises for abdominal muscles;
• exercises for back muscles;
• exercises for the gluteal muscles;
• exercises for the hip abductors;
• hip extensor muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle;
• development of various muscle groups with changes in dosage in time, quantity and intensity of exercises.

Requirements to prepare students:

Upon completion of studying the general physical training course program, students must demonstrate the following: knowledge :

Features of individual physical education and sports classes;

Basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle;

Basics of sports hygiene;

Dosage of individual physical education and sports classes.

Motor skills and abilities:

Technically correctly perform basic movements in the proposed sports;

Demonstrate the implementation of an individually developed set of general physical training exercises.

Keywords: “Elective courses in physical education”, first-year students of the institute, preparatory and special medical groups, recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity.

Annotation. The article provides an analysis of the content of “Elective courses in physical education” for students of preparatory and special medical groups at a non-specialized university. Recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity and intellectual sports (chess, checkers) are the most effective for students in these groups.

“Elective courses on physical education” for students of preparatory and special medical groups in higher educational institution

Dr. Somkin A. A., EdD, Professor, Honored Coach of Russia;

Konstantinov S. A., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Chairman; Demidenko O. V., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Vice-Chairman. St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television.

Keywords: "Elective courses on physical education", junior institute students, preparatory and special medical groups, recreation and rehabilitation forms of movement activity.

Abstract. This article provides the analysis of the content of "Elective courses on physical education" for students ofpreparatory and special medical groups in unspecialized higher education institution. Recreation and rehabilitation forms of movement activity, intellectual sports (chess, drafts) are the most effective for these groups of students.

Introduction

The formation of a sustainable need for constant and systematic physical education and the cultivation of the so-called “fashion for an active and healthy lifestyle” are the most important tasks of such academic disciplines as “Physical Education” and “Elective Courses in Physical Education” in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Particular attention should be paid to such an area of ​​activity of the departments of physical education and sports as counteracting “physical culture passivity” among students who, due to their health status, belong to the preparatory (PG) and special medical groups (SMG). For such students, physical education classes should be considered, first of all, as a recreational tool aimed at increasing their physical activity, which will optimize the process of socialization of the individual in a new educational environment.

Therefore, a methodologically justified transition from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical education to a person-oriented health program is important. The specificity of classes with PG and SMG students is associated with the extreme heterogeneity of this contingent of students according to a number of characteristics:

• gender identity;
• contraindications in certain types of physical activity;
• level of physical development;
• presence of individual motor experience and others.

Consequently, the effectiveness of classes with such students is determined by an individual approach that will have a positive impact on their health and minimize possible risks. In this regard, it is relevant to use the basic provisions and methods used in “Adaptive physical culture”, aimed at rehabilitation and adaptation to the normal socio-cultural environment of persons with disabilities.

Methodological part

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education “3 plus” (FSES HE 3+), full-time students at the St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television (SPbGIKiT) in the basic part of Block 1 “Disciplines (modules)” of the undergraduate program in physics Culture and sports include the following academic disciplines:

• “Physical education” in the amount of 72 academic hours (16 hours - lectures; 16 hours - practical, seminar classes; 20 hours - independent studies) in the first year;
• “Elective courses in physical education” in the amount of 328 academic hours (practical classes) in the first - third years.

“Elective courses in physical education” involve a gradual transition in St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology from compulsory forms of training to individual choice of the type of physical education and sports activity by the students themselves. As elective courses at the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology, students are offered: firstly, standard training sessions in accordance with the schedule (twice a week for two academic hours); secondly, various forms of sectional classes that are focused on non-commercial elite sports, physical education and conditioning sports, applied disciplines, recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity, intellectual sports (Fig.).

When organizing educational and sectional classes in the discipline “Elective courses in physical education,” the so-called motivational-value component comes to the fore, which should form in young people a positive emotional attitude towards classes and a stable desire to make quite conscious volitional efforts aimed at physical improvement of personality.

In order to reflect the importance of this problem, we analyzed the results of an in-depth medical examination (IME), which first-year students undergo in September - October, over the past five years - from 2011 to 2015 (Table). The results of a statistical study showed that the percentage of students entering college with various health conditions is quite large - from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students.

Let's consider the main forms of sectional classes at the Department of Physical Education at St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology, aimed, among other things, at students who, due to their health status, belong to PG or SMG.

Rice. Discipline “Elective courses in physical education” at the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology

1. Non-commercial elite sport implies successful performance in high-level competitions, but without receiving significant financial reward. For students of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology, specializing in the martial arts Wushu Sanda, these are Russian championships, large and prestigious international tournaments, including in China, the “homeland” of this sport. Wushu Sanda is a combined martial art that incorporates the best techniques from Chinese martial arts. Thanks to the wide arsenal of techniques allowed by the Competition Rules, in Wushu Sanda fights athletes can use punches and kicks in “full contact”, grabs of the opponent and throws onto the platform, called “lei-tai”. With a high level of training of the leading student athletes of the institute in wushu sanda (technical, functional, physical, tactical), they are capable, with a certain adaptation of the educational and training process, to represent the institute’s national team in various “related” disciplines - “strikes” (karate, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing - in the sections “full contact” and “full contact with low kick”), “wrestling” (sambo, judo), “mixed” (jiu-jitsu, hand-to-hand combat, sports-combat sambo) martial arts.

2. Physical education and conditioning (or the so-called “mass”) sport is a type of public (ordinary) sport, aimed mainly at physical education and sports training, which contribute to the preservation of previously acquired (at school age) physical shape with strictly regulated participation in competitions . Here, the target outcome of the activity is focused not on the maximum possible result, but on the level of physical and spiritual development necessary for each person to maintain his capacity and adequate state of health. At the same time, the time spent on classes should be optimally minimized and not interfere with the main socially necessary activity of a student receiving higher education.

Results of an in-depth medical examination (IME) of 1st year students of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology in 2011-2015

1st year students who passed the UMO
Assigned to the main group
Assigned to the preparatory group (PG)
Referred to as a special group (SMG)
Exempt from physical education classes

Note. *number of students who passed the educational training and were assigned to a certain group for health reasons; **percentage of students assigned to the corresponding group.

Sectional classes in the following sports are organized on a regular basis at St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology:

• sports games - football, volleyball, basketball, table tennis;
• martial arts - kickboxing, taekwondo, sambo, judo;
• athletic sports (athleticism) - arm wrestling, powerlifting, kettlebell lifting;
• cheerleading.

The institute's national teams are formed from the best students attending the sections, for which the main competition is the St. Petersburg University Spartakiad.

3. Applied disciplines. The problem of individual human self-defense in the conditions of a modern metropolis is now becoming extremely relevant. Therefore, it is no coincidence that at St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology, sections in applied disciplines are very popular among students (both boys and girls) who do not have the desire to regularly train to participate in competitions:

• self-defense - based on the techniques of traditional wushu schools;
• KENPO - real hand-to-hand combat;
• aikido, including the use of weapons;
• CrossFit is a system of so-called functional circuit training using exercises from various martial arts (boxing, taekwondo, judo, sports-combat sambo).

Classes in such sections as self-defense and aikido, as a rule, do not require students to develop their physical abilities at a high level or master complex technical techniques.

4. The next group of sections is conditionally united by recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity of students. During classes in these sections, physical exercises and some elements of sports are used in accessible and simplified forms to solve the following problems:

• maintaining and promoting health;
• active, healthy rest;
• switching to another type of activity;
• restoration of performance;
• organizing emotionally rich leisure;
• improving the health of students who, due to their health status, belong to PG and SMG.

The fitness section is aimed at students who do not have any deviations in their health. Fitness classes are conducted in the form of so-called “mixed classes” - this means the presence of both aerobic and strength exercises present in the training program. Sections of recreational swimming and yoga are organized for students classified as PG and SMG based on the results of the UMO. Students attend the recreational swimming section once a week. The lesson lasts 45 minutes and includes:

• warm-up in the gym, the main focus of which is low-intensity stretching exercises (15 minutes);
• swimming in the pool in the form of “free swimming” - various forms of movement in the aquatic environment (30 minutes).

Classes in the pool improve the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the neuromuscular system, activate metabolic processes in the body, and the mental activity of students.

The yoga section is organized for students with different levels of physical fitness. The first day of the week is a lesson for beginners (mainly first-year students) and those who, due to their health status, belong to PG or SMG, which lasts up to one hour. The second day of the week is a class for students (II-IV years) who have previous experience in yoga, for example, in their first year. This lesson lasts from 75 to 90 minutes.

5. Finally, sections on intellectual sports - chess and checkers - which are oriented to students who have deviations in their health or are exempt from practical classes. From the best players, based on the results of control training, institute teams are formed in these sports, which regularly participate in regional and city tournaments, and in the Spartakiad of St. Petersburg universities.

Conclusion

The introduction of the new Federal State Educational Standard “3 plus” in universities of the Russian Federation and the allocation in Block 1 - the basic part of “Disciplines (modules)” - of the subject “Elective courses in physical education” made it possible to move to the St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television:

• from traditional forms of conducting practical classes in physical culture to a person-oriented health program;
• from compulsory training sessions to individual choice of the type of physical education and sports activity by the students themselves.

Based on the results of an in-depth medical examination of first-year students over the past five years (2011-2015), it was determined that the percentage of students entering the institute with various health conditions ranges from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students. For this contingent of students related to PG and SMG, the following practical (sectional) classes are offered at St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology:

• recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity - yoga, recreational swimming and, in part, applied disciplines (aikido, self-defense);
• intellectual sports - chess, checkers.

Thanks to this individual approach, first-year students developed a positive emotional attitude towards classes at the Department of Physical Education and a strong desire to continue them in subsequent courses.

Literature

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Gnezdilov Mikhail Anatolyevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education, Kuzbass State Technical University named after. T.F. Gorbachev", Kemerovo [email protected]

The role of elective courses in physical education in the formation of social competence and adaptability of university students

Abstract. In modern education, attention has increased to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. At the same time, the role of the University is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in such types of activities in which the process of socialization does not proceed spontaneously, but purposefully. The author of the article considers the collective form of educational organization to be one of these conditions. student activities, in which, along with other disciplines, physical education plays an important role. In particular, the author refers to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education, which speaks of the need for students to have the ability to use methods and means of physical education to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities. The purpose of this article is to identify the role of physical education classes in the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. According to the author, one of the solutions to this issue is the introduction of elective courses in physical education into the educational process, aimed at implementing individual and differentiated approaches to learning. The author argues that the introduction of elective courses in physical education into the educational process of a university makes it possible to create conditions for the inclusion of students in such types of activities in which, on the one hand, their independence and self-organization are developed, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. Key words: social competence of university students, adaptability, socialization, collective form of organization, team building, elective courses

Some social tension and the need to quickly respond to changing living conditions in Russia and the world explain the interest of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical science in the problem of personal socialization. In modern education, attention to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists in various professional fields has increased significantly. The role of a higher educational institution in the formation and development of the social status of a future specialist is extremely high, and the knowledge and experience acquired during the training period are invaluable, but when entering new educational conditions, significantly Different from their previous students, former schoolchildren are faced with the problem of adaptation. In a higher educational institution, they are required to have greater independence in mastering educational material, the need to establish interpersonal relationships in the emerging team, while it is possible to completely or partially change previous life stereotypes and form new ones. This difficult period of adaptation of former schoolchildren to new conditions of learning and interpersonal communication is complicated by their age crisis. The requirements for possessing the necessary level of social competence, imposed on modern students, are set out in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the areas of undergraduate training. The most important role of the university in implementing the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards of Education is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in such types of activities in which the process of socialization does not occur spontaneously, but purposefully and contributes to the development of the ability of future specialists to effectively solve the goals and objectives set for them.

One of the important conditions for the formation of social competence, in our opinion, is the collective form of organizing the educational activities of students, in which, along with other disciplines that have this educational potential, physical education classes play an important role. In particular, the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education speak of the need for students to have the ability to use methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities (OK8). We believe that in the process of physical education, one of the key abilities of socially competent specialists is formed - the ability to form teams and interact within an established team. As an academic discipline, physical education contributes to the long and rather complex process of developing social competencies through the use of team sports games as a means of physical education and the formation of certain groups according to the sports preferences of students. But it is worth noting that interaction and productive interpersonal communication in such groups is often complicated by the problem of differentiation of workload and control standards, taking into account the type of constitution, level of physical development and health status of students, their interests and needs. According to the results of the All-Russian sociological survey conducted among students of higher educational institutions in 2016, the most common types of activities in physical education classes are physical exercises (97.5%). The most commonly practiced sports are athletics (92.1%), outdoor and sports games (85.4%), and gymnastics with basic acrobatics (72.8%). But it was revealed that the practiced sports presented do not meet the interests and needs of all the students surveyed. A significant part of the respondents noted that currently popular sports and new fitness trends are not practiced in classes. It was revealed that when organizing physical education in higher educational institutions, such forms of physical activity as hockey, shooting, handball, etc. weightlifting, rugby, lapta, yoga, crossfit, swimming, table tennis, orienteering, which, according to the survey results, are most attractive to students. It was also determined that a significant proportion of students who took part in the social survey were attracted by performing tasks on simulators (86%) and assessing the condition of their body and performance (72.7%). Only 73.9% of students receive methodological justification for the material being studied in practical classes. When presenting theoretical material, computer technologies, visual aids, films, presentations and other additional materials are rarely used (23%). In theoretical work, respondents find it attractive to use modern technical means (watching films and 48.8% of respondents are interested in presentations, 31.2% are interested in completing tasks on a computer). In general, all types of activities traditionally used in physical education classes are of interest to about 80% of respondents. At the same time, regardless of the characteristics of their health status, the majority of the students surveyed showed quite high motivation and their interest in improving the quality of physical education teaching. In our opinion , all the problems identified above activate the search for new approaches and forms of organizing the educational process in physical education classes. The solution to these problems, we believe, is the introduction into the educational process of elective courses in physical education, aimed at implementing individual and differentiated approaches to learning. The concept of “elective” (from the Latin electus – chosen) means “selective”. Elective courses are courses that promote deepening individualization and differentiation of learning and are designed to satisfy the educational needs (interests, inclinations) of students. “Elective courses are the most important means of constructing individual educational programs, since they are most closely related to the choice of educational content by each student depending on his interests, abilities and subsequent life plans.” We believe that the introduction of elective courses makes it possible to increase the attractiveness of classes for students and, as a result, increase their cognitive and physical activity. Elective courses provide students with the opportunity to choose the optimal training regimen, physical education model, interest group, taking into account their individual characteristics, both based on traditional and modern sports areas (general physical training group, section or group for a specific sport) within the general schedule. Strengthening the gaming and competitive components of classes allows you to develop general cultural competencies, the ability to organize effective communication, work in a team and ensure fair competition.

Classes on elective courses also involve a consistent and detailed methodological explanation of the technique of performing physical exercises and the subsequent effect, providing students with the opportunity to monitor these effects together with the teacher and independently, including assessing the state of their body and performance during the lesson. Active use of modern information and computer technologies in the implementation of elective courses, the use of active and interactive methods of work, interactive electronic teaching aids of the new generation, multimedia visual materials, analysis of sports news and modern trends in the field of physical culture and sports create conditions for increasing the efficiency of mastering the theoretical part of the program. Of course, it is necessary to take into account that the introduction of elective courses in physical education into the educational process of a university will require modernization of the sports infrastructure and ensuring its compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, improvement of locker rooms and showers, and equipping sports facilities with the necessary modern inventory and equipment. In general, elective courses are focused on training based on the social needs of society, the opportunity to use acquired competencies in everyday and professional activities, and the development of professionally significant qualities and skills, such as determination, concentration on the process, self-control and endurance. Elective courses in physical education are focused on drawing up individual sets of exercises to meet one’s own needs for physical improvement, developing an individual daily routine and a balanced diet, selecting recommendations for strengthening the immune system through physical education and sports, creating a healthy lifestyle that will give positive results in future professional activities. So, acquired in the process of physical education, knowledge, abilities and skills (within the framework of elective courses) will allow students to further take into account the individual characteristics of physical, gender and age development, apply them during regular independent physical education and sports, create an individual regime of physical exercises with different directions. The implementation of elective courses in physical education at a university makes a significant contribution to the formation of universal human values ​​and healthy lifestyles of students, strengthening their health and preventing bad habits. We believe that the introduction of elective courses in physical education into the educational process of a university makes it possible to create conditions for the inclusion of students in such types of activities in which, on the one hand, their independence and self-organization are developed, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction is carried out in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. The introduction of elective courses becomes an effective organizational and pedagogical condition for stimulating the socialization of students through physical culture and sports activity and promotes both cognitive and motor activity of students, being an important condition in achieving personally significant needs, maximum results in physical and personal improvement.

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