Economical wood stove. The Butakov stove is an effective and economical way to heat your home. Increasing the efficiency of the furnace and the duration of its operation on one tab

The high cost of gas and electricity forces us to look for alternative heating options. Traditional Russian solid fuel stoves are not the best solution because of their gluttony. Attention is drawn to developments that can operate on a small amount of the cheapest fuel with high heat transfer.

Why are long-burning stoves so economical?

Heating devices of this kind include a long-burning furnace. The fuel in them does not actually burn, but smolders; once you add a portion, you can warm up for about 18 hours without adding it. No automatic feeders required. Fuel is consumed in a minimal amount and a wide variety of fuel, including waste fuel such as wood chips and sawdust. But the devices are also capable of running on wood and coal with good heat transfer, consuming several times less.

A factory stove, called a potbelly stove, burns fuel quickly, heating the room in a short time, but also cools down quickly. To keep the room warm, you need to constantly add fuel, which is not always convenient and consumes a lot. Products are sold in which the combustion process is delayed for a longer period. However, their cost is quite significant, they are not without drawbacks: low efficiency, it is necessary to manually add fuel frequently.

The reason for the low efficiency lies in the direct access of oxygen and the free release of combustion products. There are other combustion problems:

1. 1. Combustion occurs quickly, it is difficult to control the process. There is a strong increase in temperature in the firebox, and the metal burns out over time.
2. 2. Fuel does not burn completely, especially household garbage and small waste. The room smells of smoke and hot metal.
3. 3. You have to top up the stove with fuel every hour, otherwise it will go out and cool down quickly.

A long-burning stove does not have these disadvantages, so its efficiency is much higher.

How do long-burning stoves work?

Many designs of long-burning furnaces have been developed, but they all work on the same principle. Heat is obtained not through open combustion, but as a result of pyrolysis. When exposed to high temperatures, fuel smolders and flammable gases are released. They ignite and burn, releasing a lot of heat. The slow combustion process occurs by regulating the oxygen supply. When the fuel flares up, turn off the air supply to a minimum.

It is impossible to use an ordinary Russian stove in this way; such an attempt will, in all likelihood, lead to disastrous consequences. Gases can enter the room, which threatens to poison people. Stoves with a long combustion process are equipped with sealed doors, dampers, and adjustment devices, which prevent gas from entering the room. Heating devices of this kind deserve attention for many reasons:

• can work on one bookmark unattended for 10–20 hours;
• light weight, can be installed without a foundation;
• any type of fuel is suitable, burns completely, efficiency is up to 90%;
• can be used occasionally, which is important for a summer residence;
• no foreign odors or smoke;
• the ability to assemble it yourself from inexpensive materials.

The undoubted advantages also include low cost, since little material is required. If you do it yourself , Using a metal barrel or a gas cylinder will be even cheaper.

Area of ​​use – from garage to home

How can I use a long-burning heating stove? The choice of design option depends on the intended tasks. If the unit is required for a home or cottage, it is better to use stoves with a water jacket. They combine conventional stove heating and water heating. Water carries thermal energy throughout the system, heating the room. At the same time, the furnace body warms up, which increases the efficiency of heat transfer.

Can be used in the garage, bathhouse or home

In a long-burning boiler, the water quickly cools down when the combustion process stops, and the batteries become cold. But the oven cools down more slowly, still giving off heat little by little. For a summer residence, a stove combined with is preferable. It includes a coil in which water is heated. Sometimes it is installed directly into the firebox, which is unsafe. The high temperature generated by the combustion of gases can cause the water to boil and destroy the coil.

It is better to install a water heating coil in the chimney hood. This solution is suitable for heating a summer house, increasing heat transfer. The design of the unit is chosen taking into account the area of ​​the room. For a small bathhouse, garage, or greenhouse, you can use a stove without a water circuit. An air-heating stove in a bathhouse is convenient because it allows you to adjust the combustion intensity. It warms up a small room well, which is good for a bathhouse, but not suitable for a home with permanent residence.

Let's start making - what you need

To make a homemade stove, you need to choose a convenient place. This must be a room with connected electricity and sufficient area. Now about the materials. It is easier to use a 200 liter steel barrel for a stove with a long burning time. However, the volume is not of fundamental importance; the heat transfer of the device will simply depend on it. They use gas cylinders and even fire extinguishers.

But, again, the volume of the workpiece: from a 27 liter cylinder you can make a stove for heating a bathhouse, from a smaller one or a fire extinguisher - for a tiny room. The thickness of the metal matters: the thicker it is, the longer the stove will last. If there is nothing suitable, we use a thick-walled pipe or steel sheets. The metal must be free of damage and rust. Other materials you will need:

• material for the legs if the oven is round (pipes, angle, fittings);
• sheet steel 5 mm thick according to the dimensions of the end side of the product;
• sealed door or material for it;
• The 100 mm pipe is 15 cm longer than the device;
• 5 m of 150 mm pipe for smoke removal.

Measuring instruments are required: tape measure, plumb line, level, as well as a hammer, mallet, trowel.

Furnace design - detailed analysis of features

Before starting production, we first get acquainted with the features of the device and its operation. We draw up drawings for the stove based on the materials we plan to use. The most suitable base material is a steel pipe with a diameter of 400 mm or the same cast iron. The walls should be thicker, preferably 5 mm, then the stove will last a long time, especially cast iron. Thin metal does not last long, the walls quickly burn out.

Cast iron is preferable as a material for a stove, but it is more difficult to work with than steel. Special electrodes and certain welding skills are required.

The figure shows the operation of a long-term combustion furnace.

The device consists of three parts. In the lower zone there is solid fuel, which smolders slowly. Above is the zone of gas combustion and smoke removal. Between them is a loading zone, which gradually decreases as the fuel burns out.

For any scheme, an air regulator is required, which determines the duration of combustion. This is a steel disc 5 mm thick. There is a pipe welded in the middle through which air enters the chamber. As the fuel for the daily stowage burns out, the disk gradually lowers. For unhindered sliding, it is made slightly smaller than the internal dimensions of the combustion chamber. At the bottom of the distributor there is an impeller 5 cm high; larger sizes speed up the combustion process, which is undesirable.

A pipe for supplying oxygen with a diameter of 100 mm for a product made from a barrel and 60 mm for a cylinder or from a pipe. The holes in the distributor are 90 or 50 mm, respectively, otherwise a lot of oxygen will enter the combustion chamber, and the fuel will burn faster. A damper is installed at the top of the supply pipe to regulate draft. Two versions are possible: an air-heated oven and a boiler that heats air and at the same time water to heat the room. The water is heated in the coil and flows to the radiators. The diagram below shows such a design.

We assemble it ourselves - sequence of actions

It is most convenient to use a barrel or gas cylinder. We carefully cut off the top of them - the material will come in handy later. We first unscrew the valve in the cylinder, drain the remaining gas and leave it for several days until the smell of gas ceases. We cut out a place in the body for attaching a sealed door through which the ash is removed. We cut out a circle from 5 mm metal, the diameter is slightly smaller than the inner part.

We weld a pipe in the middle for supplying oxygen. In the lower position, it should protrude 15 cm above the surface of the heating device. We weld 6 blades 5 cm high from below at a certain angle. For a model based on a gas cylinder, we use the upper part of the body, where we cut out a place for the pipe, and use a lid in the barrel for these purposes. The air supply pipe must move freely up and down. We weld legs to the bottom of the body for stability. We cut a round hole on the side of the upper part and attach a 150 mm pipe to remove smoke.

It is more difficult to make a unit from sheet iron. Accuracy in calculations and marking of all parts is required, cutting and welding. It is almost impossible to make a round-shaped device at home without special rollers for bending metal, of course, unless thin sheet metal is used, which is irrational. If it is not possible to curl the sheets, the solution would be to make a rectangular oven. A possible option is shown in the drawing.

In appearance, it resembles the well-known one, but changes have been made to the design to increase efficiency. The main changes concern the blower. It is made of an 80 mm pipe like the letter L, but for simplicity it can be made straight. On the threaded pipe we drill holes with a diameter of 6–8 mm. We install a blind plug on the thread, turning it along the thread to regulate the combustion with great precision.

We determine the correct supply of oxygen by the hot spot on the chimney - at first it should be further away from the stove, and over time it gradually moves towards it.

A potbelly stove becomes hot during operation, so it is used not only as a heating device, but also as a cooking stove. On the outside sides we install the screen at a distance of 50 mm from the walls. There is no need to weld the ribs - the unit works effectively with a hot interior. The screen serves to protect the room from infrared rays and prevents overheating of the room. It reflects at least half of them, maintaining the optimal temperature in the heating device.

Water heating circuit - an option for heating a house

A potbelly stove can be easily converted into a slow-burning boiler for water heating. Instead of a screen, we install a U-shaped metal water heater, which will also reflect IR rays. We install it at the same distance as the screen. The installation cools the furnace too much, reducing its efficiency. A potbelly stove, as in the drawing, produces 15 kW, so it can heat 25 m2 of space. If there is no need for water heating, you can use a water heater for domestic needs.

The intention to make a potbelly stove with a long burning time to heat a larger area is futile. Increasing the size will lead to a deterioration in quality indicators. In a large firebox, there is sluggish circulation, insufficient gas emission, and the room does not warm up well. If you fill the firebox to the top with wood, there is simply no room left for a convection vortex to form. The conclusion is clear: the size of the potbelly stove determines the properties of the pyrolysis gas.

But still, a more powerful long-burning boiler for water heating has been developed. It is difficult to replicate industrial designs, but the design shown in the drawing can be assembled at home.

Unit B with a telescopic rod to regulate the flow of oxygen deserves special attention. The unit develops a power of 35 kW when operating on coal and pellets, combustion lasts 12 hours. Firewood is less efficient; it burns out in 8 hours.

Sawdust stove - nothing complicated and affordable

Such a device runs on the cheapest fuel, which burns well and produces a lot of heat energy. Often sawdust is simply thrown away or sold at a nominal price. But they can only burn in special devices; in other types of stoves, if they burn, it’s bad. The design features provide the possibility of strong compaction of the wood pulp so that no air remains between its particles. In this state, they will not burn quickly, but will smolder, giving off heat sufficient to heat one or two rooms.

The installation is assembled according to the same principle as others with vertical loading. It is better to use metal products of a cylindrical shape, but if this is not possible, you can make them in a rectangular shape. Unlike a potbelly stove, where firewood is loaded from the side, we provide for sawdust to be loaded from above. This one differs from other models by the presence of a conical pipe. It is inserted in the middle of the air regulator - a circle with a hole inside the oven. The design is shown in the drawing.

Pour sawdust inside and tamp it as tightly as possible to prolong the combustion process. We remove the pipe - it's easy because of its conical shape. The hole formed in its place will serve as a chimney and for supplying oxygen to support the smoldering of sawdust. We set fire to the sawdust from the side of the vent and the process has begun. It is important to set up the chimney correctly: excessive draft will draw heat out into the street, and if the combustion is weak, smoke will penetrate into the room.

Combustion occurs mainly in the central part of the combustion chamber, the walls heat up weakly. If you lay a long chimney around the room, the efficiency of the device will increase. This is a good option for greenhouses.

Installing a heating device - important rules

For the installation to operate safely, certain rules must be followed:

• It is prohibited to place combustible and flammable objects within the warming-up distance;
• we make the chimney dismountable for cleaning;
• Before use, we carry out a test to select the optimal mode.

For the chimney we use a pipe with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 5 m. With a smaller cross-section, smoke will not be removed well; with a larger cross-section, excess draft will appear. We install an adjustable damper on the chimney. Accumulated condensate must be removed periodically. If the chimney is not dismountable, doors are made in it for cleaning. Excessive formation of condensation can be prevented by constructing a chimney using the sandwich principle. Between two pipes of different diameters we place a layer of glass wool for insulation. We cover the top of the chimney pipe with a deflector to prevent rain, snow, and wind from blowing in.

In a house where there are children, we line the stove with bricks. The masonry around plays the role of a protective screen, so as not to get burned if you accidentally touch it, and protects objects and walls from overheating. It also serves as a good heat accumulator. The brick will accumulate heat and release it much more slowly than the iron body. We arrange the foundation if the floor under the stove is made of flammable materials. It is not necessary to deepen it too much; the weight of the heating device is light.

A long-lasting vertical furnace is heated, adhering to the following rules. Remove the cover and take out the adjusting device - a pipe with a pressure circle. We load the firebox with fuel, the maximum height is to the bottom of the chimney opening. We try to pack any fuel as densely as possible. Place small dry branches on top in the center, then paper or a cloth moistened with kerosene. We install a clamp, a lid, and throw burning paper or a rag into the pipe. It is unlikely that you will be able to set it on fire with a match - it will go out on the fly. When the fuel burns well, close the air damper - work continues in smoldering mode.

Homemade structures use almost any solid fuel: wood, coal, garbage, pellets. But it is still necessary to take into account the features of each model in order to choose the most efficient fuel. As already mentioned, vertical stoves with a conical pipe can operate effectively on sawdust. Vertically located devices work well with wood, coal, and briquettes. Long-term burning products with a horizontal firebox are designed for the use of firewood and wood chips. Pellets are used mainly in industrial equipment, where fuel is supplied automatically, but they can also burn in home-made installations.

In horizontal furnaces, it is possible to increase heat transfer by using a combustion bulkhead device. From a thick metal sheet we cut out a blank with a width according to the internal dimensions, and a length - ⅔ of the length of the combustion chamber. We install it at the top under the chimney pipe. Such a simple device slows down the flow of gas and additionally accumulates heat.

Another device for making full use of the long-burning effect is an injector. These are one or two pipes with holes leading into the firebox. We cut holes in the walls of the heating apparatus according to their diameter and weld the injector. It is located at the height of the center of the chimney pipe, but in front of the firebox. The injector serves to feed the combustion process with air, the upper wall warms up better. When the device goes into the smoldering process, it does not work.

We only talked about a few. We hope that using the information received, you will be able to independently make a simple and reliable device that does not require constant maintenance.

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

A long-burning stove using wood, coal, peat, or gas will provide your home or cottage with heat throughout the long heating season. The owner of such a solid fuel boiler will appreciate its efficiency: in comparison with slow-burning stoves, these heat the room better. At the end of the heating season, you can buy a boiler profitably, because most stores offer discounts, sales and all kinds of promotions.

What is a long burning stove?

Living in a country house or country house without centralized heating forces people to heat on their own. Electricity is an expensive energy source; the latest generation of technology comes to the rescue. A long-burning stove is a structure made of stone (steel, cast iron) that economically heats a room using different types of fuel. With proper fuel supply, the gas generator boiler will operate for up to 3 days without human intervention.

Operating principle

In any heating device (fireplace, potbelly stove, boiler) fuel can burn at different rates. With a high draft, the firewood will quickly burn out, giving off little heat, and the energy will go up the chimney. The disadvantage of such outdated solid fuel boilers is that fuel must be constantly supplied, even at night. The consumption of firewood and coal will be very high.

A long-burning stove operates on the principle of pyrolysis: wood smolders slowly, with little access to oxygen, at high temperatures, and the gas released, when burned, produces a large amount of energy. The fuel for a solid fuel stove can be anything: solid briquettes, firewood, sawdust. It is worth considering that coal and peat are not used in iron stoves. When burned, they can flare up to a critical emergency temperature. As a result, expensive equipment may suffer.

Device

The design of hydrolysis furnaces is simple:

• The device consists of two fireboxes.
• The first contains primary fuel, which, when smoldering, forms pyrolysis gas.
• The latter burns in the second chamber, with a controlled air supply.
• Both fireboxes are separated by a partition with a gap so that smoke and gas pass from the first compartment to the second. The hydrolysis mechanism of the long-burning furnace makes it possible to obtain a large amount of heat.

The combustion chamber of a gas generator boiler can be surrounded by pipes - this is a heat exchanger. A long-burning stove with a water circuit has a “water jacket”; such boilers can be installed in residential premises. Any design includes a chimney and an ash pan. Modern devices have a combustion regulator, the waste is very small. Thanks to the presence of a hob on such a stove, you can heat and cook food.

Wood burning

Canadian long-burning wood stoves can be brick, for heating small spaces (dachas, houses), cast iron or steel. They are distinguished by well-functioning functioning. In long-burning wood-burning stoves, there is no need to constantly add fuel, a small amount of soot, and waste, which is an undoubted advantage of all models. Check out their brief overview.

A small heating device can heat a room of up to 100 sq.m. Light weight makes it possible to install it in tents and country houses:

• Name: TeploDar 100.
• Price: 7000-9000 rubles.
• Parameters: the innovative design of the stove allows you to continuously heat a room for 12 hours using 12-14 kg of wood. The steel model weighs 56 kg and can be easily moved to any room.
• Pros: autonomy, small dimensions, low cost, easy control of the flow of warm air.
• No cons found.

This heating device is small in size and runs on solid fuel. The stove can be used in industrial and residential premises:

• Name: Buleryan Widzew Type 0089 QUEBEC.
• Price: 8500-9900 rubles.
• Characteristics: steel boiler with high heat capacity and weight 67 kg. Classic Canadian stove manufacturing technology, beautiful design. Possibility of working for 5 years in a row. Efficiency – 87%.
• Pros: external metal finish, one load is enough for 6-8 hours of operation, the possibility of designing the stove as a fireplace.
• Cons: high cost.

This stove has a cast iron door with glass, and you can not only control the burning of wood, but also admire the flames of the fire. Despite its low power, the device is able to completely heat a room in an hour. Check out the brief specifications:

• Title: Professor Butakov Student.
• Price: 6500-8600 rub.
• Parameters: firebox volume (60 liters) and low power (9 kW) will heat up to 60 sq. m. Rectangular elongated body with convection pipes hidden in it. Nice ergonomic design.
• Pros: provided for fastening to the floor, budget model.
• Cons: Difficult initial setup.

With water circuit

Any long-burning water stove is equipped with a heater. The models are designed for heating residential and utility rooms. Firewood, briquettes, peat, and solid waste can be used as fuel. With proper operation and continuous use, this stove can be used for up to 10 years. The heater helps maintain the same temperature and avoid sudden changes.

All products of this company undergo strict testing. A high-quality device with a water circuit can quickly heat a large house. Brief characteristics:

• Name: Buleryan AQUA-Siberia 400.
• Price: 25,000-37,000 rub.
• Parameters: one load of fuel is enough for 10 hours of operation; it can heat a cottage measuring 400 m2. The boiler is regulated by two dampers, efficiency – 78%, weight – 156 kg.
• Pros: economical, attractive design, not bulky.
• Cons: cost, cannot be heated with coal.

The heating device is indispensable in a house with several floors. The stove is of high quality, there is little dirty waste, and high productivity. Brief characteristics:

• Name: Breneran Aquaten (type 00).
• Price: 15,000-20,000 rub.
• Characteristics: reliable heating equipment will not require large installation costs from you. Made of high quality steel, coated with paint on top. It works by convection type. Weight – 86 kg.
• Pros: low cost, easy maintenance;
• Cons: designed for a small room volume (up to 100 m3).

A boiler with a water circuit maintains a comfortable air temperature for a long time. Small dimensions and stylish design will not spoil the interior. Brief characteristics:

• Name: Ermak 120 Aqua-C.
• Price: 12000-16000 rub.
• parameters: small steel potbelly stove weighing 45 kg in a rectangular body. Ergonomic design. There is a combustion regulator.
• Pros: small, low cost, attractive appearance.
• Cons: none found.

Cast iron stoves

An economical cast iron stove for a summer cottage will not only decorate the room. A correctly configured boiler is autonomous in operation and heats the room in 20-30 minutes. Modern design helps to fit the device into any interior. Peat, coal, pellets, briquettes can be used as fuel. Refined modern fireplace stoves are especially popular.

No one can ignore the elegant design of the Norwegian stove. She is able to decorate a country house or cottage. Through the glass door you can enjoy the glare of the fire.

• Name: JotulModernLine 105 LL.
• Price: 157200-168000 rub.
• parameters: modern white contact oven on four legs. Weight – 107 kg. Power – 4.5 kW. Manufacturer: Norway.
• Pros: secondary combustion system, attractive appearance, 10-year warranty.
• Cons: high cost, ash lip must be purchased separately.

The classic, simple design of this fireplace goes well with its excellent ability to heat a room in a short period of time. The high-capacity firebox allows you to use fuel economically:

• Name: Alderlea T62 Bo LHCD.
• Price: 83000-11000 rub.
• Characteristics: economical fireplace stove made in a classic style. Manufacturer – Canada. The translucent door does not interfere with contemplating the process of burning wood. Weight – 170 kg. Power – 9.5 kW.
• Pros: 10 year warranty, high quality, with ash pan.
• Cons: high cost.

The Polish-made heating device is manufactured with European quality and reliability. Elegant appearance and light weight are not the only advantages of this model.

• Name: Kratki KOZA K9.
• Price: 30,000-45,000 rub.
• Characteristics: thick-walled model with control of ash combustion. It is possible to burn coal on a special grate. A decorative fence helps support the wood during the combustion process.
• Pros: retractable ashtray, 5-year warranty, automatic air supply.
• Cons: none found.

With hob

A multifunctional stove with a hob is an ideal option for a summer house. With such a boiler you can cook food and at the same time quickly heat the room. The hob is low maintenance; there are models with a built-in oven. Such a boiler does not have a water circuit, is not tied to a location, and can be moved to another room. The maximum performance of some models is the ability to heat a house up to 250 m2.

The exquisite 3-in-1 model is not only functional, but also beautiful in appearance. Through the glass door you can watch the combustion process. Such a heating device is indispensable in a summer cottage or country house.

• Name: cast iron kitchen stove EK-5010 Duval SUREL.
• Price: 9800-12000 rub.
• Characteristics: the manufacturer of this model with two burners is France. A cooking and heating device with a long combustion cycle and good convection characteristics. Weight – 55 kg.
• Pros: there is an oven, a door with a window, a pull-out ash pan, external enamel coating, attractive design.
• Cons: small heating area.

A high-quality domestic stove will create a comfortable environment in your home and provide you with warmth on frosty evenings. Small dimensions make it not bulky, it fits well into the interior.

• Name: Tulinka NVU-100.
• Price: 10,000-12,000 rub.
• Characteristics: light weight (36 kg). The hob is protected by a hinged lid.
• Pros: retractable ash pan, walls do not get hot, attractive design.
• Cons: none.

Thanks to the large cooking surface, you can quickly cook several dishes at once. The model is perfect for a house in the forest or a summer house.

• Name: heater oven Tex-opt.
• Price: 4000-7000 rub.
• Characteristics: economical, inexpensive, beautiful Buleryan type stove. In 20 minutes it heats a room with a volume of 100 m3. Built-in air supply regulator. Ergonomic design.
• Pros: uniform air heating, cost, two heat shields.
• Cons: none found.

How to choose a long-burning stove

Before you order and buy a long-burning wood stove, you should study the features of the models, because such a purchase is not made for one year. Brief recommendations will help you make a choice:

• Before purchasing, check the type of fuel the stove runs on. Some models operate exclusively on wood, others can use coal, briquettes, and pellets. Fuel moisture affects efficiency.
• High-quality models from leading foreign manufacturers are reliable, have an increased warranty, but are expensive.
• Decide where the stove will be located. They come in portable and built-in types. In the first option, the structure itself is lighter, not bulky, and is easy to install.
• Power plays an important role; there is no point in installing a high-power boiler in a small room.
• Negotiate delivery terms. The boiler you choose can be delivered to your doorstep or brought into your home; if it is heavy, the second option is preferable.
• When choosing a boiler material, keep in mind that few models can run on coal. The thicker the material from which the body of the heating device is made, the longer it will last. Modern models are a synthesis of different alloys, inserts made of steel, cast iron, and ceramics.
• If you plan to place the boiler in a residential area, try to ensure that its appearance matches the interior. Modern models are equipped with carved grilles and decorations.
• In order to heat a small space (bathhouse, sauna, garage), air-heating cast iron boilers are a good choice. To heat your dacha during the heating season, you should pay attention to Canadian coal stoves made of ceramic bricks.

Purchasing heating equipment through an online store is not new. The long-burning stove you like will be easily delivered, installed and configured. In some cases, additional functionality plays an important role in the choice: it could be a hob, the presence of a heat exchanger, a thermal accumulator, or a high-quality automation system. Fireplace stoves with an exquisite design can decorate a room and heat it for a long time.

Home stoves vary in purpose, duration of fuel combustion, heating and cooling time, wall surface temperature, design of the firebox and chimneys, shape and size, materials used, fuel and other parameters.

According to their purpose, home stoves are divided into heating, heating and cooking, and special purpose - bath, drying, etc.

If the house has a gas or electric stove, you should choose a heating stove that has better air heating efficiency.

When choosing a heating and cooking stove, you need to pay attention to the presence of an oven for baking culinary products and take into account that the stove will not be able to heat a large house.

Based on the duration of combustion, heating stoves with intermittent combustion and long-burning combustion chambers are distinguished. In the first case, the fuel burns out quite quickly and needs to be added regularly, in the second - one fill is enough for 12 hours. In long-burning stoves, firewood smolders, and the gases released burn out in an additional chamber, so the efficiency of such devices reaches 90%.

Firewood, oil shale, peat, coal and waste can be used as fuel. The type of fuel is chosen based on its price and availability. Low-calorie fuel can be burned in any type of furnace. Coal has a high calorific value, so the walls of the firebox must be heat-resistant. On the other hand, even the simplest home coal stoves provide home heating with minimal maintenance.

The surface temperature of the heating device depends on the purpose of the stove. For the efficiency of heating stoves, it is not the temperature that matters, but the surface area that gives off heat, so they belong to the category of moderate heating (up to 90 degrees). For stoves intended for cooking, the temperature should reach 120 degrees (high heating devices). Heating stoves with a higher surface heating temperature have a special purpose.

Brick, ceramics, steel and cast iron are used to make stoves. Ceramics can withstand high temperatures, do not heat up, and allow you to create a relief surface with a unique design. Brick walls:

• have high thermal inertia - they slowly heat up and cool down;
• provide a temperature regime that promotes fire safety;
• They are heavy and must be installed on a strong foundation.

Steel and cast iron home stoves are manufactured in factories, are lightweight (steel ones are lighter), have an attractive appearance, take up little space, and can be installed on your own. Their design incorporates engineering solutions that ensure high efficiency of devices. Cast iron heating stoves can withstand higher temperatures and have a longer service life.

Choice of power and location

To heat a house, a specific power of 100 W/sq.m is required. m. If the area of ​​a private house is 100 square meters. m, to heat it you will need a stove with a power of 10,000 W or 10 kW. The power of a factory-made furnace is indicated in the passport. Determining the power of homemade stoves is much more difficult; it depends on the volume of the firebox, surface area, calorific value of the fuel and other factors.

The main disadvantage of stove heating is the uneven distribution of heat throughout the house. Its effectiveness depends on the location of the heating device. In general, the stove should be installed in the center of the house, then the heat will spread evenly in all directions. A good solution would be to place the stove in a wall - in this case, two or three rooms will be heated from its walls. The best option is a home stove with a water boiler or heat exchanger connected to radiators. When combining a stove with water heating, it can be located anywhere. If the location of the furnace does not allow the use of a system with natural coolant circulation, install a pump.

Furnace structure

Any home stove consists of a firebox, ash chamber, lining, smoke ducts and chimneys. The firebox is made of brick, cast iron, stainless or structural steel.

Brick fireboxes are used in homemade stoves and can be used to burn any fuel. Their weak point is the seams of the masonry - the clay cracks and spills out over time.

Metal stoves made of stainless steel are resistant to aggressive environments, but warp at high temperatures. Structural steel is less susceptible to deformation, but burns out. Cast iron stoves can withstand high temperatures and are not subject to corrosion. The ash chamber serves to accumulate combustion products and supply fresh air to the firebox.

Stone, ceramics, steel and cast iron are used to cover the surface of the furnace. Cladding made of natural or artificial stone has a beautiful texture, a variety of shades and will appeal to supporters of a discreet style.

Ceramics is a traditional finishing material and can have a textured surface. Warm ceramics are pleasant to the touch.

Steel is an excellent material for modern design, and cast iron stoves look solid. A noticeable design element is the firebox and ash chamber doors. They can be deaf or transparent. Blind doors are reliable and are made of cast iron and steel. Heat-resistant glass is inserted into the transparent doors, which allows you to admire the flame.

Smoke channels are designed to remove heat from combustion products, and the chimney is designed to remove them outside the house. Smoke channels are made in parallel or in series. The longer they are, the more efficiently the wood stove works, but as the length increases, the draft decreases. The art of the stove maker lies in reaching a compromise. The chimney must provide minimal resistance to the movement of gases and have walls made of heat-insulating materials. The best materials for chimneys are brick and ceramic pipes.

Types of furnaces

Based on the heating principle, ovens are divided into radiant, convection and with a heat exchanger. Thermal radiation has a beneficial effect on the human body, but radiating surfaces have relatively low efficiency.

Convection heating ovens are equipped with outer and inner walls and the air is heated by passing between them. The heat exchanger is a coil in which water is heated, which subsequently flows into the radiators of the heating system.

A traditional Russian stove takes up a lot of space and has low efficiency. However, it is still used in rural areas. To increase efficiency, modern Russian stoves are equipped with an additional firebox and hob.

A fireplace is an open hearth with a chimney through which warm air leaves the room. A classic fireplace does not heat the room well, but reduces air humidity. Its main advantages are its beautiful design and the ability to admire an open fire. The fireplace stove is equipped with a transparent door, which increases efficiency while maintaining the positive qualities of its predecessor.

The Dutch house has a vertical design and a large wall surface with a minimum footprint. Often it is built into the wall where the smoke channels are located. The Dutch oven heats up quickly, cools down slowly and can heat an area of ​​up to 60 square meters. m. It belongs to the heating types of home stoves, but some modifications are equipped with a hob.

The design of the stove is maximally adapted to cooking. The main amount of heat is supplied to the hob, so the stove is not very suitable for heating rooms. The hob has burners that, when removed, can be used to cook food over an open fire.

The oven is heated by gases moving through the smoke channels, which ensures a constant temperature.

Selection of oven

The construction of a homemade stove allows you to obtain a heat source that fully meets the needs of residents and fits well into the interior of the room. Laying out the stove will require the involvement of a highly qualified craftsman and will take a long time. Therefore, factory-made wood heating stoves are becoming increasingly popular. Their advantages are:

• well thought out design;
• a large selection of models for various purposes;
• high efficiency;
• wonderful appearance.

There are fully equipped, ready-to-use stoves and fireplaces for a country house on the market. Some companies offer “firebox + cladding” kits, which allows you to choose the design of the device to your liking. It is possible to order and buy a stove based on an individual project. They are more expensive, but during production all the client’s wishes are taken into account. If, when choosing a stove, you correctly determine its power, take into account the main purpose of the heating device, choose a design in accordance with the interior style of the room, and follow the installation rules, the house will be warm and cozy.

Leading manufacturers are:

• Edilkamin (Italy)
• Keddy (Sweden)
• EFEL (Belgium)
• Guca (Serbia)

The most reliable and durable are cast iron stoves. It is necessary to give preference to models that have a long-burning mode. When purchasing a product, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of packaging and processing of parts, the presence of asbestos gaskets, the correctness of geometric dimensions and completeness.

If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to entrust the installation of the heating device to specialists. This will ensure the absence of errors leading to deterioration of traction and reduced fire safety.

Comfort and convenience of spending time at the dacha or in a country house will be ensured by furnishing the interior with a stove for heating, cooking and other needs. Today there are many design options: multifunctional, economical, with an original aesthetic appearance. To decide which stove to choose for your dacha, let’s consider the best options for certain conditions.

Mini oven for a summer residence

Not every country house can boast of a spacious area. In such conditions, a mini oven would be a rational solution. Selection will be determined by several criteria:

• economic considerations
• ergonomics
• Type of fuel
• specifications.

The compactness of the device is only one of the main conditions for a country house. And yet, safety should come first. Since most country outbuildings are wooden, and when heated the wood dries well, hot coals can easily cause undesirable incidents. An alternative to solid fuel stoves, in this case, would be gas or electric models. The stove itself, the chimney and all connections must be sealed, and the unit must have excellent internal draft so that carbon monoxide does not penetrate into the room.

If the oven is not used for a long period, it should not become damp during this time. This is another important factor that determines quick kindling and warming up.

An important characteristic of a country stove is the rapid distribution of heat throughout all rooms. A large firebox door can provide this. In addition, this design can serve as a fireplace for evening gatherings.

For a long and comfortable night's rest, the stove must retain heat for as long as possible. And in the afternoon, after gardening work, it will also be nice to go into a warm house.

A hob on a stove is mostly just a necessity, especially if the country house is located in an area remote from civilization. If there is no gas or electricity supplied to the site and, therefore, there is no possibility of using tiles, then a solid fuel stove with a hob would be the best option.

The simplicity and lightness of the design will allow you to quickly fold the heating device and transport it to another place. And if repairs are necessary, it is easy to deliver it to a specialist. Since calling a specialist from a repair service to your home is more expensive, in this regard, a mini stove for a summer house is economical.
Gas ovens

A gas furnace is preferable for places where there is a main gas supply or if there is no centralized supply, but there is the possibility of convenient supply. In this case, it will be possible to heat buildings of no more than two floors.

The design of such products consists of a base, a housing, a combustion chamber, a gas burner device, a heating panel, (possibly automation). The advantage of gas furnaces is not only that gas is considered the most economical fuel, but they also burn it economically. And also in the fact that the system can be started at certain periods and the desired temperature in the room can be adjusted automatically.

Pellet stoves

Pellets are pellets made from wood waste ready for combustion, which is why such structures are also called granular. Even if the house has centralized heating, it can be used as a backup, alternative or additional source of heat. There are such types of ovens:

• convection, heating only the air inside the room;
• water contour and encircling “water jacket”;
• mixed type, running on different fuels (coal briquettes, firewood, wood chips);
• The power of pellet stoves is usually in the range of 15 kW - 1 mW, sometimes this figure can reach 3 mW.

A pellet stove can generate additional heat by burning gas released from burned pellets.

Convection models have special channels (empty cavities) located around the perimeter of the combustion chamber. The heated air is taken from below and, having warmed up in the cavities, naturally rises to the top, from where it is distributed throughout the room with the help of fans.

In addition, pellet stoves can be equipped with upper heating tanks, as well as devices for:

• forced air injection
• smoke removal
• dosed screw feed of pellets from the hopper
• automatic ignition
• adjustable output power.

Thanks to the latest developments, heat generation is carried out through constantly operating retort burners. This allows you to increase the autonomy of the pellet stove-fireplace to a significant level - more than a day in the residual combustion mode. The duration of heat transfer will depend on the capacity of the bunker.

An electronic control system programmed from a sensor unit can be built into the design of the pellet stove.

Mini liquid fuel stoves

This type of stove involves burning diesel fuel and kerosene. The wick bowl is replenished by gravity or gravity from the fuel tank. The heated fuel turns into a gaseous state, the vapors fill the combustion chamber, where they burn evenly, heating up a special spiral. The heat output is adjusted using a rotary valve.

Diesel stoves can be quite compact (up to 10 kg), and in a summer cottage they can be used, for example, for fishing.

You should also know that when burning diesel fuel and kerosene, combustion products that are harmful to the body are produced, so liquid fuel stoves for heating homes are a temporary option, but an excellent solution for use in utility rooms.

Oil furnaces

Such devices are also called heaters. A wide variety of motor oils are used as fuel for oil furnaces, including waste and fuel-oil mixtures. Thus, the cost of heating is reduced, and unusable petroleum products will not pollute the environment. In addition, the supply of waste can be negotiated with a car company, service station or neighbors in a garage cooperative.

The design of oil furnaces provides:

• fuel consumption adjustment
• heating degree adjustment
• using the top as a hob.

In such furnaces, air is heated directly. Their operating principle is the combustion of boiling fuel vapors. There are no nozzles in the design, so the supply channels are not clogged, which is convenient for using the devices in the cold. Heat production can be adjusted over a wide range: from barely warm to red-hot. There is practically nothing in the design to break, so oil furnaces have a very long service life.

The weight of an oil stove is within 30 kg, so it will not be difficult to transport them from place to place. You can remove and install the exhaust pipe in a few minutes. You can light the stove easily anywhere, regardless of weather conditions.

Fuel savings are also noticeable - 0.5-1.5 liters per hour. An oil stove is fireproof: only steam burns inside, not oil.

Wood stoves

Wood burning stoves have been the most traditional heating option since ancient times. Today these devices have an elegant design and can be equipped with hobs, ovens, and a water circuit. They are easy to maintain, safe, economical, create a natural atmosphere and special comfort in your home. They are characterized by excellent heat transfer and fit perfectly into the country house interior.

Manufacturers can please even the most fastidious consumer. These may be modifications:

In a rectangular version.

Cylindrical.

Fireplace type stoves.

Wood-burning stove-battery.

Circulating wood stoves.

More recently, the issue of heating methods in a country house was decided in favor of brick structures for heating and cooking. Since it still remains relevant, it would not be out of place to mention this traditional heating method - a compact wood-burning brick stove, if such an option is chosen.

Its best location is in the middle of the room. This provides spatial heating, ease of cooking, and is an excellent option as a fireplace. If there are two rooms in the house, then it is better to install such a stove between them.

It is also worth noting the importance of the foundation for a brick oven. The safety of the building will largely depend on it. A separate foundation is required when the total weight of the structure is more than half a ton. It is not difficult to calculate the total weight of the future furnace if one brick weighs about five kilograms, and to this you also need to add a mass of cement binder.

You need to know that temperature changes cause gradual destruction of house structures that are in direct contact with the walls of the furnace. You should also take care of the correct design of the chimney, on the effective functionality of which the well-being and health of the guests will depend.

To build a brick oven yourself, you need to thoroughly study its layout and masonry technology, what refractory materials should be used and other nuances that affect efficiency, durability and safety. In this matter, the advice of a professional or his drawings can be an excellent assistant to the owner of the dacha.

Heating and cooking furnaces with a water circuit

Such stoves heat the house by heating the coolant in the connected circuit. These are devices that run on gas or solid fuel:

• peat
• firewood
• pellets
• agricultural waste.

Solid fuel stoves, having reached a certain temperature, can go into smoldering mode.

Another feature of contour furnaces is the “water jacket” - a pipe system surrounding the structure. It simultaneously warms up the surrounding space and allows you to obtain hot water for:

• cleaning
• taking a shower
• cooking
• washing dishes and many other needs.

Complete with a hob, the oven can be equipped with an oven for baking.

Often heating and cooking stoves have a grateless design. This feature allows you to warm up the room as much as possible; heat loss in such furnaces is significantly reduced. And if stoves with a small cooking surface and a water circuit were originally developed for use in country houses, today it is quite possible to use capacious models for large buildings. The popularity is explained by a wide range of applications, many operating modes and features of contour structures:

• a compact door is used for loading fuel and kindling
• During active combustion of fuel, you can cook food; The temperature of the hob can reach more than 100°C
• in the next 12 hours after the fuel burns out, the stove goes into smoldering mode and acts as a warm battery, releasing the remaining heat into the heated room for a long time.

And in conclusion, let us note an important point. Before purchasing a stove for your cottage or home, you should think about several fundamental questions:

• What is the purpose of the stove - only for heating or also for cooking or water procedures
• Is aesthetic design important?
• Is it important to save on the procurement of raw materials for combustion?
• what is the required heat transfer rate, taking into account the heated area of ​​all rooms
• What dimensions of the stove will be most optimal in order to leave more internal space in the room?
• how often will heating be needed during the year?
• what is the required volume of tanks for liquid fuel reserves?
• where solid fuel will be stored.

The stoves listed above are the most popular options for a country house, household outbuildings and country holidays. With the permanent rise in energy prices in the country, today alternative types of heating are more relevant than ever.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: Today, you can often see Buleryan solid fuel boilers with an additional water circuit. Before choosing this particular modification, you should carefully calculate the cost and availability of dry wood.

Russia is a very large country, whose borders lie in different climatic zones. Therefore, the problems of heating residential buildings are solved differently everywhere. Where the main type of fuel is firewood, you can often see Buleryan solid fuel boilers with an additional water circuit. They are heated exclusively with wood, and no other type of fuel can be used. After all, complex physical and chemical processes take place inside the furnace, the course of which can only be ensured by burning dry wood. Therefore, before choosing this particular modification, you should carefully calculate the cost and availability of this type of fuel.

How does the stove work?

It is known for certain that the idea of ​​​​creating an unusual design came to the minds of Canadian lumberjacks. They shared their thoughts with the engineers, and the Buleryan iron stove was born. It is based on a round body that looks like a barrel, and the internal space is divided into two levels. The lower part of the barrel plays the role of a firebox, where firewood is placed and where it is ignited. Here, a high temperature is formed, which contributes to the accumulation of large amounts of heat.

When wood burns, hot gases are formed, which rise and fill the space of the second part of the round barrel. Several curved pipes run through the center of the two fireboxes. The well-known convection method allows us to use natural physical processes for the benefit of humans.

Cold air enters the buleryan through pipes. In the firebox, it meets a hot circuit, due to which a fast-moving air stream is formed, which rushes out at great speed, taking with it all the heat of the stove. Without the use of fans, hot currents are pumped in, which very quickly warm up a small room. Thus, a Buleryan boiler with an additional circuit uses all three heating methods - convection, heat transfer and heat exchange.

Fits perfectly into the interior

The described stove works in a special way:

1. First, the firebox is slightly warmed up with wood waste.
2. Then its lower throat is filled to the top with firewood.
3. Solid fuels first smolder for 12 hours, during which time wood gas is formed.
4. It emits much more thermal energy than wood.
5. An air flow is formed, the temperature of which often reaches 120 degrees Celsius.
6. It escapes through a pipe system. Therefore, the room is quickly and efficiently heated without rebooting.

Note! In the second furnace, gas, even with good draft, cannot burn completely. Therefore, for comfortable use of a stove with a water circuit, it is necessary to install a high-quality chimney. Any defect in its system will result in carbon monoxide leakage, which is very dangerous. Experts do not recommend that beginners install a chimney themselves. You cannot experiment with this; it is better to immediately entrust the installation of the stove to professionals.

Features of installation with a water circuit

Schematic diagram of use

Until recently, almost all solid fuel stoves could not compete with central heating systems. And all because it was difficult to heat a large room divided into residential sections using stove equipment. But after we managed to combine a conventional wood-burning boiler and a water circuit, a lot has changed.

Today, even a Buleryan stove can be equipped with a circulation system through which the coolant will move. New modifications received the prefix “aqua”. This is how “Aqua-Buleryan” and “Brenneran-Aquaten” were born, which can be used to organize a water heating system.

In the design, the water circuit occupies almost 70% of the space of the entire combustion chamber. Therefore, the water in it heats up very quickly and evenly, and heat loss is minimal. There are no sudden temperature changes, no pressure fluctuations, so the system works properly and efficiently. The efficiency of the Buleryan stove is comparable to the efficiency of a gas generator. Air circulation has proven itself well, so today you can often see such installations in residential buildings, industrial premises, and public places.

For 12 hours, Buleryan stoves, equipped with a water circuit, produce heat at a stable temperature. This makes it possible to delay the re-stacking of firewood as much as possible.

DIY model

Positive technical characteristics

1. Modern Buleryan stoves allow you to very quickly and evenly heat a large area.
   When choosing models equipped with a water circuit, heat can be easily transported even to rooms located on the second and third floors.
2. The Buleryan oven itself has compact dimensions.
3. It is very convenient to use and is easy to install, but it is better to entrust the installation of the chimney to professional stove makers.
4. Compared to analogue installations, Buleryan stoves consume much less fuel. One maximum full load is enough for 12 hours of operation.

Of course, such a list of operational advantages creates a rosy outlook. But for a complete understanding of the features of the described design, experts recommend taking a close look at the shortcomings of the equipment.

Different sizes

Negative points

• You can load the Buleryan stove only with well-dried firewood and preferably those woods that do not form resins when burning.
• The generator gases in this model are not fully used; less than 70% of them are burned in the second furnace, so the installation cannot be called perfect.
• When constructing a chimney, it is necessary to pay great attention to the insulation of the pipe. Otherwise, condensation will form, reducing the efficiency of the Buleryan stove.
• Since the main structural element - the body - is most often made of metal, the boiler is a source of heat. Therefore, everything a meter away from it should have appropriate protection. If the boiler is located in a corner at the junction of two walls, then you will have to think about how to protect them. The Buleryan stove cannot be placed close to the walls. And this is a problem for small houses. The maximum permissible distance is 20 cm.

If you want to save space, you will have to cover the walls with metal sheets with a height greater than the height of the body of the device being described. It is advisable to install basalt insulation between the wall and the sheet. In this case, the metal screen will perform two functions - to protect the walls from heating and work as an additional source of heat.

• And one more point regarding the design features of the furnace. Dust will inevitably get into the pipe opening. When a Buleryan stove is fired, such a high temperature is formed in the heated channels that it burns out everything in its path. As a result, equipment operation is often accompanied by an unpleasant odor.

Installation diagram

In addition, positively charged ions appear in the air around the heated oven. They instantly attract the smallest particles of dirt that enter the human body. If there are cold viruses in the room, the likelihood of infecting healthy people increases significantly. Therefore, rooms heated by such an installation will have to be constantly ventilated or cleaned more thoroughly, doing wet cleaning twice a day.

For those who are looking at such installations, experts recommend paying attention to the material from which the boiler doors are made. There are models with glass doors. They look very impressive, and through them you can watch the combustion of fuel. However, such an element significantly increases the cost of the Buleryan stove. A glass door has neither practicality nor aesthetics. The flame is visible through it only at the moment of kindling. Because of this, experts recommend not to overpay and purchase Buleryan stoves with a regular metal door. published