An economical way to heat your home. Economical heating of a country house: options and prices. Pyrolysis heating boilers

Electric home heating is a set of devices designed to heat a room using electricity (electric boilers, heaters, heated floors and other products). The advantage of this method is accessibility, reliability and high efficiency.

What types of electric heating exist, and what are their features? Which type is recommended to be preferred? How much will it cost? We will consider these and other questions in the article.

Feasibility of use, what to pay attention to

Using electricity to heat a home, office or apartment is relevant if you have money to pay for the consumed electricity. In terms of costs, gas heating is cheaper (not in all countries). Therefore, when choosing between gas and electricity, preference is most often given to the first option.

But what to do when gas is not supplied to the house? Electric heating comes to the rescue here, because light is supplied almost everywhere.

For safe operation of electric heating, it is recommended to make a 3-phase input and connect the load evenly. If only one of the phases is used, you will have to change the wiring in the house and solve problems with replacing circuit breakers at the entrance.

The cost issue is resolved by installation. Its peculiarity is the recording of energy consumption at different times of the day for calculation at different tariffs.

For example, at night the cost of electricity is lowest. This time can be used to heat the living space. The rest of the day, it is recommended to use other types of heating, for example, a solid fuel boiler.

Another option is possible. In the presence of water heating, a heat storage tank is used, which accumulates heat at a minimum tariff for light, and releases it during periods of peak loads and maximum prices.

To preserve heat and save electricity, it is important to cover the house with foam plastic. This method is also relevant for other heating methods.

Types of electric heating - types, application features

Today there is a huge selection of electric heating devices. Let's look at the available options:

1. ELECTRIC BOILERS. Here the coolant plays the main role, and the unit itself is built on the convective function. used for heating houses and apartments. The advantages include safety of use, high efficiency and ease of use. The disadvantages include the complexity of the design, which requires professional installation, as well as problems with repairs in the event of equipment failure. It is important to note the high energy consumption and cost of electricity. Additional disadvantages of heating devices are power limitations and other difficulties.
   
2. ELECTRIC CONVECTORS(air heating). Such electric heating systems are actively used in retail outlets and offices with a small area. The equipment quickly heats the room, but due to its low power, several devices will be required for use in an apartment or house. It is not used as the main type of heating due to low efficiency. During operation, drafts and areas with poor heating are formed. The main advantage is low electricity costs and ease of maintenance. Read more on the topic here.
   
3. ELECTRIC HEATED FLOORS. There may be regular and . Such heating systems are used in the form of additional heating. They provide heated flooring and guarantee comfort. Application as a single system is irrelevant. To heat the room, the surface temperature must be very high, so walking on such a surface with bare feet will not be comfortable. In addition, the “lion’s share” of heat goes down, which reduces efficiency.
   
4. INFRARED HEATERS. When used correctly, this type of electric heating can be used as a primary heating source. The designs vary in design and are used for mounting on the ceiling, walls or flooring. The advantages are ease of installation and maintenance, but their disadvantages are action in a certain area and uneven heating of the room. For more information about follow the link.
   
5. ELECTRICAL DEVICES— heat fans, oil fans, heat guns. Such devices play an auxiliary function and are not used as the main source of heating. With their help it is easy to heat a small room. It will not be possible to provide heating for the entire house or apartment. Disadvantages - inability to work automatically, dry air and other problems.
6. COMBINATION BOILERS. They operate on different types of fuel. Seven out of ten heaters on the market have electric heating elements. There are two types - standard and universal. Combination boilers are actively used in country houses where there is no gas supply or there are interruptions in the supply of electrical energy. Features include the ability to connect a group of circuits, efficiency, absence of failures in the operation of the heating system, the possibility of programming and modernization. Combination boilers are available for gas and electricity, wood and gas, wood and electricity. Multi-fuel units are also highlighted.
   

We will consider the features of each type of boiler in more detail below.

What type of heating is best

When choosing the appropriate option, it is important to focus on the type of building that needs heating. Note that there are no ideal electric heating systems for all occasions. Such issues are resolved individually and taking into account operating conditions.

1. If you live in the house permanently, water heating is suitable. A special feature is the need to monitor work daily.
2. For country houses of the dacha type with periodic visits, air heating is sufficient. It turns on for short periods of time to warm the premises to the required temperature.
3. Warm floors are used as an additional heat source. Used to increase comfort and maintain temperature at an optimal level. Sometimes used as the main source of heat, but in exceptional cases.

The main thing is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the decision made, and then implement your plan.

Electric boilers for water heating

The main device in the electric heating system of a house or apartment is usually a boiler. It comes in three types - with heating elements, electrode or induction. The owner has the right to choose any of the options.

The principle of operation is identical in all cases - the use of electrical energy to heat water. Each type has individual characteristics, which require separate consideration.

Induction boilers

Scientists have noticed that under the influence of a magnetic field, an object heats up. Induction type boilers have been developed on this principle. They are a coil that passes large currents through itself.

Water passes through the zone of action of the induction field, is heated, and then sent to the system.

The electric boiler includes a starting relay, a thermostat, pressure relief valves for coolant and air, capacitors, a thermomanometer and contacts for switching additional products (for example, air sensors).

Advantages of induction boilers:

1. Heat is generated directly in the coolant. This guarantees minimal losses. Manufacturers of such equipment note minimal electricity consumption (especially when compared with boilers equipped with standard heating elements). The use of induction boilers allows you to save up to 25-30 percent of electricity.
2. Reduced energy costs due to lack of inertia. After switching on, an induction field immediately appears, and the water is heated to the required temperature. From the moment it is turned off, the liquid stops heating.
3. No deposits form on the surface of the heating element. This is due to the loyal heating mode of the main element. In addition, constant vibration eliminates core vibration.
4. Compactness. Induction boilers are significantly smaller than conventional devices.
5. Service life is up to 30 years. During the entire period of use, the device does not require repair or replacement of elements.
6. In the manufacture of induction boilers, high-quality materials are used, which allows the use of an electric heating element with different coolants.

Among the disadvantages of the products, it is worth highlighting the high cost and the need to control the thermal fluid. Automatic checking is not possible, so all checks are done manually.

If you ignore this requirement, there is a high risk of the coil overheating and the housing melting.

In general, induction boilers are highly reliable and economical.

Popular models.

Induction boiler VIN-3

A vortex heating device used to heat water and use it for technical needs, as well as heating various rooms.

The main coolant is water, which heats up to 95 degrees Celsius in operating mode. Power - from 3 to 80 kW. Efficiency - 99.8%.

The product has a size of 62*13.3 cm. The optimal heating area is from 30 to 40 square meters.

According to the manufacturer, antifreeze is allowed to be used as a coolant.

VIN-7

The device has a power of 7 kW, which allows you to heat a room with an area of ​​up to 90 square meters. Structurally, the product consists of a transformer, the secondary winding of which is a pipe.

The manufacturer correctly calculated the parameters to avoid overheating of the boiler elements even during prolonged operation. The resource of the heating device is limited by the service life of the coil wires.

The product is characterized by high efficiency (98%), fire resistance, service life of up to 30 years and energy savings (up to 50%). During operation, the appearance of scale is excluded.

The basic package includes the unit itself, a temperature sensor, safety elements, a remote control and a passport.

VIN-7 in VIP configuration

The electric heating device has a power of 7 kW and is installed on the wall. Features - efficiency 98%, use of water as a coolant. Dimensions: width 13.3 cm, height 72 cm.

Heating elements new electric boilers

This is the simplest type of boiler with a tubular-type electric heater (TEH). The device is made using a special material that releases thermal energy when current passes.

The main element is hidden in an electrically insulating tube, and the gap between the heater and the outer part is filled with sand. This guarantees better transfer of thermal energy from the coil to the housing. Water enters the boiler, where it is heated using a heating element.

Advantages - affordable price and the ability to replace the heating element. To increase the efficiency of boilers, it is important to pay attention to the availability of the following options - electronic control and power regulation.

Such devices are more economical, but also have a higher price. The advantage of improved products is lower energy consumption due to the connection of the required number of heaters.

The disadvantages of an electric boiler with a heating element are low efficiency, heat loss and large dimensions.

An important nuance is the need to use a closed system. This is due to the risk of deposits appearing on the surface of the heating element.

If the same liquid circulates in the system, the plaque has nowhere to come from. The use of an open type system requires periodic replacement of the heating element. To protect the system, it is better to use distilled water. In this case, the risk of deposits is minimal.

Let us highlight several models of heating element boilers:

Electrode boilers

Electrode boilers operate on the principle of electrolysis. Ions generate heat when moving near the electrode.

An alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz is connected to the electrodes, which ensures a change in polarity from positive to negative 50 times within one second. As a result, heating occurs constantly, and heat is dispersed throughout the system.

The advantage of electrode boilers is the simultaneous heating of all the liquid inside the heater container, which ensures maximum operating efficiency. By quickly reaching the desired temperature, heating costs are reduced (electricity savings reach 40%).

Electrode boilers are compact in size, low in price and easy to install. If there is no coolant, the electric heating system will not fail - it simply stops functioning.

As soon as the water is supplied, the electric heating operates in standard mode. The electrode boiler can be left unattended and not worry about its safety.

But there are also disadvantages. The current passes directly through the coolant, so in the event of a breakdown, the metal elements of the heating system may be energized. It is important to reduce risk.

An equally important point is the composition of the coolant, which must contain the required volume of salts. A separate requirement is imposed on radiators - they must be made of bimetal or aluminum.

Additional disadvantages include:

• Ability to work with closed systems.
• Maximum water heating up to 75 degrees Celsius (otherwise, electricity consumption increases).
• The use of low quality coolant leads to breakdown of the electrodes. The advantage is that they are inexpensive, and the replacement process itself takes a few minutes.

The considered disadvantages relate more to the nuances of operation and installation of equipment and should be taken into account during the installation process.

Many people use such boilers to heat private homes. The main thing is to follow these recommendations and achieve the correct composition of the water.

Let's consider several models of electrode boilers:

Combination boilers

Combination boilers are devices for space heating that can operate on different types of fuel. The transition can be carried out at any time at the request of the owner.

To switch to another fuel, a different firebox is used or a suitable type of burner is installed.

A combination boiler is usually used in country houses with interruptions in gas or electricity supply. Such products can operate with the following fuel combinations:

1. Solid fuel, gas.
2. Solid fuel, electricity.
3. Diesel, gas.
4. Gas, wood, electricity.

There are boilers on sale that can simultaneously operate on four types of fuel. Their disadvantage is their higher price.

Find out more about how to live in a private home.

Boilers for heating with wood and electricity

The greatest demand is for combination boilers that run on solid fuel and electricity. This is due to the availability of both fuel sources in almost all regions of the country. The composition includes a firebox for burning wood, wood chips or pellets, as well as a heat exchanger.

To operate from electricity, a heating element is provided, which is regulated through the control panel.

Many combined boilers operating on electricity and solid fuel have special automation. It switches the device to another mode when the temperature drops below the set level.

Solid fuel electric boilers can operate at 220 or 380 Volts. The output power ranges from 3.5 to 9 kW. Some products have a phase switching option, which allows operation in networks with different voltages.

The advantages of combined boilers include low costs, the ability to adjust, the availability of two or more types of fuel and the ability to operate in automatic mode. Users note the reliability and durability of the equipment.

Disadvantages include the requirement for a separate room (for storing supplies) and the need for a three-phase network supply (for some models).

When operating a combination boiler from 380V, you will have to coordinate the connection with Energonadzor.

Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the narrow scope of application (in private homes) and the need for frequent maintenance.

Popular models:

IMPORTANT - a few words about the cost

The price of electric heating boilers is in a wide range and depends on many factors - the manufacturer, the presence of a combined principle, configuration, power and other aspects.

Heating element devices are more expensive, while products based on the induction or electrode principle will be cheaper.

Heating element boilers have a heating tank, a pump for coolant circulation, a temperature sensor, an expansion tank and automation. This means that the device is ready to use and does not require the purchase of additional items.

As for induction boilers, after purchasing the main equipment you will have to spend money on a control unit (if it is not included). In addition, it is necessary to purchase an expansion tank, sensors and other devices. As a result, the cost of electrode boilers may be even higher.

When comparing electric and other heating boilers, it is important to take into account not only their characteristics, pros and cons, but also pay attention to the equipment.

It happens that a manufacturer attracts buyers by lowering the price, offering a product with a minimum configuration. As a result, the buyer is forced to spend money on additional equipment.

Electric convectors for air heating

Electric heaters are divided into several categories:

1. Convectors;
2. Oil devices (radiators);
3. Infrared emitters and ceramic panels.

This heating option is convenient due to its simplicity of organization and connection only to an electrical outlet.

The disadvantage is the need to strengthen the home wiring and obtain more power from the energy supply organization. This is necessary, because the consumption of heaters can reach 20-30 kW. Let's consider the intricacies of heating for various devices.

Oil heaters

The use of oil heaters in heating a private home is very rare. This is due to the low efficiency of the devices and the possibility of using them as an additional heating source.

People resort to buying oil heaters in the presence of serious cold weather, when the main system cannot cope with the tasks assigned to it.

In such circumstances, oil heaters do a good job and hardly dry out the air. A conventional heating element installed in an oil-filled container is used as a heating element.

The coolant retains the accumulated heat for a long time, which contributes to the high efficiency of such devices. The metal walls heat up and give off heat to the surrounding air in the heated room.

The disadvantage of oil heaters is that it takes a lot of time to heat the oil, and subsequently to heat the room. Due to their inertia, oil models can only be used on a long-term basis (in premises where people constantly live).

If you use an oil heater in the country, it is unlikely to warm up a cold room.

Most models are produced on special wheels that allow you to move the product from place to place. Wall-mounted options are available for sale, which can be used when installing constant heating.

Popular models - Ballu BOH/CL-11BRN black, Electrolux EOH/M-5105N, Timberk TOR 21.1507 SLX, Zanussi Loft ZOH/LT-11W 2200W, Ballu Turbo BOH/TB-07FH, Royal Clima ROR-C11-2200M Catania, Electrolux EOH/M-4221.

Infrared heaters

A popular way to organize heating is the use of infrared heaters. Their peculiarity is that they heat objects directly, rather than the surrounding air.

This feature increases the efficiency of infrared models to almost 100%. Next, the heated objects warm the air in the room. By the way, the sun works on the same principle, because its rays only heat the earth and various objects.

When choosing, you need to take into account that IR heaters differ in the type of mounting. They are ceiling, wall and floor. Outdoor models and infrared heaters with thermostats are also produced.

When in the range of the model, a person will be warm even at low temperatures outside. As a result, you can limit the number of heaters and reduce your electricity bills. In addition, the heated elements in the room accumulate and subsequently release the collected heat.

The downside of infrared heaters is their negative impact on health (as some experts say). But there are no confirmed facts. In practice, some people complain of deterioration in health when exposed to infrared rays for a long time. If you have such problems, it is better to give preference to other heating options.

Popular models - SCARLETT SC-IR250D02R, WESTER IH-1000, TIMBERK TCH AR7, ALMAC IR 11 P, BALLU BIGH-4, RESANTA IKO-1500, POLARIS PMH 1594, BALLU BIH-AP-0.8.

Ceramic heating panels

The peculiarity of ceramic heaters is the tight contact between the heater and the front panel (manufactured using thermal ceramics). Such devices heat up to 80-90 degrees Celsius, after which the accumulated heat is transferred to the air in the room. In its spectrum, this heat is close to that emitted by the solar disk.

The design of ceramic heaters is simple. The inside has a metal casing with a polymer coating. Next comes the reflective screen (for maximum efficiency). After it, a heating element is installed, and a ceramic component is fixed to the front part. It is she who gives off heat to the room.

When determining the required number of heaters, take 1 kW of power per 10 “square” of room. The use of ceramic-type models allows you to reduce this parameter by half.

The practice of using heaters only confirms the validity of this approach. To avoid maximum load, it is better to use not 0.5 kW, but 0.6 kW per 10 square meters of area. If the apartment or house has ceilings higher than 2.5 m, the power requirements will also increase.

One example of such a device is the Venezia 120*60 ceramic panel. This is a reliable model consisting of an infrared ceramic plate. Power 750 W.

Advantages: environmental friendliness, reliability, practicality of use and the ability to set the required temperature. The covered area is up to 22 square meters. meters. Model weight - 4 kg. The surface temperature reaches 90 degrees Celsius. Dimensions - 60*120*4 cm. The thermostat and control are mechanical, the heating element is ceramic.

It is worth highlighting other models - Dimol Mini Plus 01, Dimol Standart Plus 03, Stinex Plaza Ceramic 350-700/220 black, Stinex Plaza Ceramic 350-700/220 black, KAM-IN easy heat originals, Dimol mini 01 270 W (cream ), VENECIA" 50*50.

Air convectors

When purchasing air convectors, it is important to pay attention to the way they are mounted. Today, models are available for fixing to the wall or ceiling, for installation on the floor, recessed into the floor or baseboard models.

Generally speaking, air convectors (regardless of type) have an identical structure. It contains a heating device (heating element) with special fins (improving heat transfer). The temperature is set on the regulator, which turns the device on and off.

There are holes on the outside for better penetration of warm air into the heated room. In this case, heat exits through the upper openings, and entry through the bottom.

Thanks to this design, the air functions naturally, but the movement of air flows occurs slowly. To increase efficiency, many manufacturers integrate fans. Their task is to accelerate the air flow and increase the heating speed.

The simplest are convectors for mounting on the wall, ceiling and floor. In the first case, it is enough to install a pair of hooks to install the selected model.

As for ceiling products, they are fixed to the surface using dowels or self-tapping screws.

To fix floor-mounted air convectors, the same fasteners will be required, but the fixation is carried out to the floor covering.

More problems arise when fixing in-floor or baseboard models.

Let's look at them in more detail:

1. Skirting air convectors are installed instead of standard baseboards and have the same appearance. The peculiarity is that the heated air leaves the wall, warming it and the room as a whole. After reaching the required temperature, the product turns into a large radiator that releases heat and maintains the required temperature. Even after switching off, the air convector continues to heat the room.

The downside is inertia. It takes a certain amount of time to warm up the walls, after which the heat is transferred to the air in the room. This heating method is suitable for houses and apartments with permanent residence.

One example is the STN NEB-M-NS 0.5 (B) model. This is a 500 watt wall mounted unit. The heating power is 2 kW, the covered area is 10 square meters. Supply voltage - 220 V.

The peculiarity of the model is the presence of electronic control, temperature regulation and the ability to install programs. The heating element is of a closed type with the possibility of networking. There are protective options (frost protection, overheating shutdown and moisture protection). Device dimensions - 75*45*9.8 cm.

No less interesting models are Hintek SU 1500M, Timberk TEC.E0X M 1500, Dantex SE45N-05, Royal Clima REC-M1000E, Zilon ZHC-2000 SR3.0, Timberk TEC.E5 M 1000, CTH NEB-M-NS 0, 7 (B).

Fan heaters

Fan heaters are often used to heat rooms. Depending on the situation, they are used as a main or additional heating source.

Structurally, fan heaters are a housing with heating elements located inside and a fan that disperses heat throughout the room. This is a simple but effective tool for heating small spaces.

Advantages - high heat transfer, fast air heating, ease of control and versatility. In addition, fan heaters consume little power, and the cost is the lowest in comparison with other devices.

Additionally, it is necessary to highlight compactness (small size) and safety of use. The likelihood of injury during use is minimal. Most models provide protection against overheating, overload and falling.

Disadvantages - a rapid decrease in temperature if the device is turned off and low productivity.

The main scope of application of fan heaters is apartments, country cottages, dachas, offices, industrial premises. The devices are useful for heating warehouses, shops, pharmacies and other retail outlets. Fan heaters are easy to use because they can be used as an independent device without connecting to a central network.

An example of a fan heater is Electrolux EFH/W - 1020. This is a wall-mounted device that is compact and highly efficient. To get started, you need to mount the model on the wall and plug it into a power outlet.

The device can operate in three modes - ventilation, intensive or economical operation. Electrolux EFH/W - 1020 has a power of 2.2 kW, which guarantees fast heating and air distribution throughout the room.

The advantages of Electrolux EFH/W are its strong design, low weight (4 kg) and wear-resistant heater. During operation, the device is almost silent, which allows it to be installed in bedrooms or other rooms with quiet operation. Additional features include the use of non-combustible materials, protection against overturning and overheating.

Other popular models - Ballu BFH/W-201L, Ballu BHP-W3-20-S, KALASHNIKOV KVF-W21-12, Ballu BHP-W2-30Ballu BHP-W2-100-S, Electrolux EFH/W - 9020, Electrolux EFH /W - 7020.

Thermal curtains

Thermal curtains are a universal device that is ready to provide a comfortable environment in an apartment or house in any weather. In summer the product protects from heat, and in winter from cold.

There are two types of thermal curtains - air or thermal. The former protect the room from the leakage of warm or cool air mass, and the latter block the flow of cold air into the room. One of the main features is the cost.

Thermal curtains are available with or without heating, as well as with hot water supply.

Products also differ in the type of heating element:

1. Ceramic - operates at high temperatures and is highly reliable.
2. Tenova - heats up for a long time and at low temperatures.
3. Spiral - an element with a high heating temperature.

The purpose of the air curtain is to separate different temperature zones, for example, between the freezer and the room, the area near the window or door.

Installation is carried out vertically or horizontally depending on the type. When choosing a vertical option, you need to take into account the parameters of the doors. It is important that the curtain exceeds them by 15-20 cm.

More powerful industrial models are available that are suitable for installation in cafes, restaurants, offices, garages or other premises. Depending on the model, thermal curtains have different functionality. But overall, they are practical, multifunctional and durable.

For example, consider the Ballu BHC-L10-S06 thermal curtain - a device for creating a powerful air flow that separates different zones (for example, the street and indoor space).

The model is used for installation in shops, offices, vestibules, residential premises, cafeterias and other points.

The advantages of Ballu BHC-L10-S06 are low noise level, fast air heating, easy connection, anti-corrosion treatment of the case and a built-in thermostat (controls heating). There is a no-heat mode (to protect against heat).

If desired, one of two operating modes can be set. The device is equipped with a modern and easy-to-use remote control.

Other popular models - Ballu BHC-CE-3L, Ballu BHC-CE-3, Hintek RP-0306-D, KALASHNIKOV KVC-A08E3-11, Ballu BHC-L08-T03, KALASHNIKOV KVC-A08E5-11, Hintek RS-0308 -D, Hintek RP-0508-D.

Electric heat guns

Electric heat guns provide air heating using special elements:

1. A regular coil heated to maximum.
2. Heating element with high efficiency (the peculiarity is maximum efficiency).
3. Ceramic elements are elements that are safe for health, characterized by reliability and environmental friendliness. Today they are considered the best option among the heating elements proposed above.

Air circulation is ensured thanks to powerful fans, which allows you to heat the room within a few minutes. Some models are equipped with special wheels or slides that guarantee convenient movement or installation of heat guns.

Popularity is ensured due to the absence of combustion chambers, noiselessness, lack of need for maintenance and the possibility of installation without coordination of the installation of the gun with a government agency.

An interesting option is Ballu BHP-PE-3. This is a compact and lightweight heat gun, characterized by directional heating and located in a round body.

The device is made in a stainless steel casing, with the option of adjusting the tilt. Maximum power - 3 kW, number of modes - two. Weight - 3.7 kg. The Ballu BHP-PE-3 model has small dimensions - 31.5 * 24Х5 * 25 cm. Additional features - heating element, versatility of use, presence of a rotary switch, overheating protection. The device is used in rooms with an area of ​​up to 35 square meters.

Additional models worthy of attention are Ballu BHP-P-3, NeoClima TPK-5, Hintek XS 03220, NeoClima TPP-5, Ballu BHP-P2-3, NeoClima NPG-10, Hintek PROF 03220, Ballu BHP-M-5.

Warm electric floor

Electric heated floors are considered the “youngest” heating system. Its use ensures the most comfortable conditions at home. Due to the heating of the floor surface, heat accumulates in the foot area, after which it rises to the ceiling and is distributed over the entire area.

The peculiarity of the system is its inertia - it “swings” for a long time. It will take a long time to heat a room using a warm electric floor.

On the other hand, after turning off the heating, the floor still gives off the accumulated heat for some time, which ensures that a comfortable temperature is maintained.

Requires qualifications, and the complexity of the work depends on the chosen model and design features.

There are models on sale that require the creation of a new tie (for example, electrical mats and cables).

Some systems are installed on a flat, hard surface and do not require major work (for example, film models). Devices for heating laminate or linoleum are also sold.

Electric heating of a house using heated floors also has a number of disadvantages - the difficulty of repair in the event of a breakdown due to the lack of direct access to the elements, and time-consuming installation (especially when installed under a screed).

Thus, it takes about 30 days to install heated floors under a screed, and about a day to install conventional models. However, the price of the latter will be significantly higher.

A popular model is NeoClima N-TC 953/7.4. This is a heated floor, which includes a kit for self-installation. Features - the need for installation in a screed, a long warranty (16 years), versatility and safety (double insulation).

The heating system includes a heating section, a tape for attaching the cable, a tube for the temperature sensor, instructions and a box.

The cable is 13 meters long and is designed for a small heating area - up to 1.7 square meters. meters. Power consumption - 195 W. Scope of application - small rooms (for example, a bathroom).

No less popular models are NeoClima N-TM 375/2.5, NeoClima N-TM 450/3.0, NeoClima N-TM 600/4.0, NeoClima N-TC 1095/8.6, STN Termolife ET61W (WI-FI control), NeoClima N -TM 1500/10, NeoClima N-TM 1800/12.

General aspects of electric heating

Electric boilers are the only heating devices that use external heating or additional elements. The remaining systems are self-sufficient, which is their constant advantage.

Heating systems are easy to install and control, and have little inertia. For ease of operation, you can connect electronic control units and organize remote control.

The disadvantage of many heating systems is the high cost of maintenance. As for the power consumption required to warm up an apartment, house or room, it is almost identical.

On average, to warm up 50 square meters of a room with standard ceilings of 2.5 to 3 meters in height, 6 to 8 kW of power is required.

An additional aspect when choosing is place of residence (geographical location). If you are in the southern part of the country, electricity costs will be lower (when compared with the northern regions). The design and insulation of the building are no less important.

The more compact and better the house is sheathed, the less energy will be required for heating. As a rule, electric heating is used for small one-story houses or apartments. The main condition is the presence of good wiring.

Most often, such systems are used as additional heat sources. The main disadvantage is the dependence on electricity.

The best solution in terms of energy consumption is the use of electrode boilers, warm infrared heaters, as well as devices with automatic control of mode and temperature (smart home system).

Heat pumps for heating a private house

Heat pumps are an environmentally friendly and modern way to heat batteries in the house. The simplest design option is a refrigerator capable of generating cold and heat. A similar principle applies to heat pumps.

The heating operation algorithm is as follows:

1. Water is sent to the evaporator to reduce the temperature by 5 degrees Celsius.
2. The cooled composition goes to the compressor, where the liquid is compressed and its temperature increases.
3. The heated water is sent to a heat exchanger, in which it transfers heat to the heating system, and the cooled liquid is sent to the beginning of the cycle.

Water can be taken from any convenient place, for example, a reservoir or a pump.

The heating system using heat pumps consists of the following elements:

1. The heat pump itself is a device that extracts geoenergy.
2. A probe is a coil located in the ground or water.
3. Heating system, including heat exchange chamber.

Advantages of heat pumps for heating:

1. Low energy consumption. Heating requires only electrical energy. Power consumption is significantly lower than with conventional electrical appliances. One of the characteristics of heat pumps is the conversion factor, which shows the efficiency of the device, namely the amount of heat output compared to the electricity consumed. For example, if this parameter is equal to five, then from 1 kW of electricity you can get 5 kW of heat.
2. Versatility. The heating system can be installed in different areas. The device is capable of heating a house at any time of the year at a temperature in winter not lower than -15 degrees Celsius. In addition, in summer the system can be used for cooling.
3. This is especially convenient for buildings without gas. In addition, in the absence of electricity, the heat pump can operate on a gasoline or diesel engine.
4. Long service life - up to 50 years. For example, a compressor may require replacement only after 20 years.
5. Environmental friendliness and safety. The heat pump does not emit gases or foreign waste during operation. The device cannot accidentally overheat.
6. Automatic operation. The heat pump does not require the addition of water or the need to control its flow to operate.

Disadvantages of the heating device:

1. High price. To purchase such a system you will have to spend money, and the payback period is at least five years.
2. In areas with low temperatures, the use of heat pumps is not effective.
3. The system negatively affects the planet's ecosystem, but the damage is minor and can be ignored.

Knowing the features, advantages and disadvantages of electric heating systems, it is easier to make a choice and decide on the appropriate option for your home.

Let's see what is more affordable for a private homeowner, gas or electricity. On the one hand, as Alexey Miller reported, at the beginning of 2017, gasification of residential areas in Russia reached 67%. On the other hand, the allocation of land for private construction must be accompanied by obtaining permission for its electrification. From this we can conclude that the site for building your home will be more likely to be electrified than gasified. This means that electricity, and not gas, is still more accessible for heating a private home.

Features of electrification of cottage villages

It is unlikely that you will find a cottage community without electricity. Even if such villages exist, buying a house or land in them is, to put it mildly, strange. According to general rules, electrification of the village must comply with the following rules:

• The construction of power lines in the village must be carried out in accordance with the technical conditions for the technological connection of electrical installations, which is included in the complex of agreed and approved documentation (POZT and PPMT). POZT and PPMT are projects for the organization and development/planning and land surveying of the territory. The village is supplied with electricity according to the second reliability category with two independent 110/10 kV feeders.
• The village itself has at least one 10/0.4 kV transformer substation.
• For each house, a separate electrical input panel must be provided, with an individual electricity meter. As a rule, 15 kW of power is allocated per house, with a voltage of 380 or 220 V.

This is where we'll stop. 15 kW of allocated power per house is a very good indicator, which only works for cottage villages. For villages and various partnerships, this indicator of allocated electrical power drops to 5 kW. This is quite enough for life, but not at all enough for electric heating of the house.

Conclusion 1

To implement a project for heating a house with electricity, you will have to think in advance and/or decide on the allocation of additional electrical power.

Additional electrical power

To start talking about allocating additional electrical power, it is reasonable to calculate how much is needed for different types of electric heating. I will do this a little lower, here is a rough version.

Calculating the power of the required heating boiler, according to the most simplified scheme, shows that for a house 100 meters away, a minimum boiler power of 10 kW is needed. With movement to the North and center of Russia, this power increases by 1.2-1.5 times.

Important! Whatever allocated power your home has, connecting an electrical device with a power of 10 kW or more requires approval from the energy supply organization and Energy Supervision. The allocation of additional capacity is done there.

A special problem with the use of electric heating arises in partnerships. They allocate no more than 5 kW per house and connecting electric boilers without allocating additional capacity is simply not possible.

Other electric heating of a country house

But heating a house with an electric boiler is not the only option for heating with electricity. Let's look at all modern types of electric heating, and also think about which part of them can actually be used to heat a country house.

Note: We are talking about country houses for permanent residence, where the house needs to be heated every day, and not three days a week. Although I will also say something about such dacha houses.

There are several options for electric heating of a country house. They are united by a common operating principle, namely, the use of the transition of electrical energy into thermal energy of heating elements, which in turn is spent on heating either the air in the room or the coolant in the heating system. The coolant, circulating through the heating system, through radiators, heats the air in the rooms in the house.

In the article we will consider the following types of electric heating at home:

• Electric boiler;
• Electric convectors;
• Warm floor (electric);
• Infrared electrical emitters
• PLEN system.

Electric boiler

A modern electric boiler is a high-tech device with the highest efficiency, reaching 98%. The popularity of electric boilers is due to their compactness (size), silent operation, powerful automation, ease of connection, basic maintenance and availability of electric current.

However, the high cost of electricity and the possible difficulty of obtaining additional capacity do not allow them to displace other types of boilers from the market.

Operating principle of electric boilers

The operating principle of electric boilers is quite simple. Heating of the thermal element (elements) of the boiler from the electric current passing through it leads to heating of the coolant of the heating system.

For the boiler to operate, it requires a connection to a current source, usually quite powerful. Therefore, before purchasing a boiler, you need to carefully consider connecting additional electrical power. Electric boilers with a power of up to 12 kW are connected to a 220 or 380 Volt power supply; more powerful boilers from 12 kW operate only on 380 V.

According to the installation method, electric boilers are available for both wall and floor mounting. Wall-mounted boilers are especially popular due to their compactness.

The advantages of wall-mounted boilers include the presence of a built-in expansion tank for water and a built-in circulation pump. True, these advantages are not present in all models and not all manufacturers. For example, here is a picture of the design of an electric boiler.

Types of electric heating boilers

It is worth remembering the types of electric boilers. There are three of them:

• Boilers with electrode heaters

Electrode electric boilers DO NOT have heating elements. Electric current flows directly through the coolant, causing it to heat up;

• Boilers with heating elements heaters

Heating elements are ribbed electric heaters, familiar to everyone from old electric kettles;

• Boilers with induction elements

Here, the coolant is heated by eddy currents induced in the core of a magnetic coil when alternating current passes through it.

The cost of heating with an electric boiler

We calculate the cost of heating with a boiler. The house is 100 meters, you need a 10 kW boiler. We carry out the calculation for constant operation (maximum).

• 10 kW x 24 hours x 30 days = 7200 kW per month.
• 7200 kW×3 rubles =21600 rubles per month.

Which is not the case in practice. The boiler does not always work; it is controlled automatically and its operation depends on the weather. The estimated cost can be reduced by 3-4 times. That is, in practice, you can expect that you need 5-6 thousand rubles per month for heating with an electric boiler.

Conclusion on electric boilers

Electric boilers are good for everyone, if only they weren’t so expensive. You can find a lot of disputes and facts about the cost of heating with electric boilers on the Internet. However, modern boiler automation and new heating technologies make it possible to reduce the cost of electric heating.

Heating with electric convectors (radiators)

The idea of ​​heating with convectors is quite simple. Electric heating radiators with power control are installed under each window of the house. These radiators are mounted on the wall and plugged into a special electrical outlet for operation. Convector power from 1 kW to 3 kW.

Immediately advantages.

• Elementary installation that does not require permits. However, a check is required, or better yet, new electrical wiring to power the convectors.
• The cost of the entire system is 2-3 times cheaper than installing an electric boiler.
• No maintenance required. I plugged it in and it worked, if it broke, I replaced it.

But there are also disadvantages:

The main disadvantage of electric convectors is their high inertia. They take a long time to warm up, warm up the room for a long time, and cool down quickly when turned off.

That is why the quality of home insulation plays a special role in effective heating with convectors. In this type of heating, the insulation and thermal insulation of the house play a decisive role.

Calculation of convector heating

Calculation of convector heating is standard: per 10 sq. meters of house you need 1 kW of convector power.

In practice, based on forums and reviews, we can draw the following conclusions:

• Electric heating with convectors is not suitable for large houses and houses with high ceilings (warm air accumulates at the top). More often it is used for baths and houses up to 40 square meters. meters, including 2 floors;
• It takes several hours to completely warm up the house in winter from the street temperature, which makes it difficult to have a comfortable stay while visiting;
• A lot of time is spent on additional heating when the temperature drops sharply;
• The cost of heating with convectors ranges from 12 thousand - 15 thousand rubles for three winter months (from 3 to 6 thousand per month), for a house of 40-50 sq. meters.

Conclusion on convectors

Electric heating of a country house with convectors is not the best option. As a separate method of heating a house, convectors are not suitable because they take a long time to warm up the room. To solve the problem of long warm-up, use additional electric heating with infrared heaters or heated floors. Convectors are used to maintain heat, and around the clock. They also require particularly good insulation of the house.

Electric heated floors

Electric heated floors are an undoubted option for heating with electricity. Here are several implementation options, depending on the house:

• Cable heated floor (wooden or polystyrene system);
• Warm mats;
• Infrared film.

All these systems have the same drawback as convectors: they take a long time to warm up the room and cool down quickly. In practice, electric heated floors are recommended as an additional source of heating or, as it is called, a source of comfortable heating.

A striking example is an apartment. There is central heating, and in severe frosts or for additional comfort, we install and turn on local heated floors (bath, kitchen, children's room).

It is not possible to warm a house with electric heated floors alone.

Infrared electric emitters (heaters)

These are powerful sources of diffuse infrared radiation (radiation heating), which warms up not the entire room, but mainly the area under the heater. Household heaters of floor, wall and ceiling versions are produced.

The thermal element of such heaters is a safe heating element. Emitter power from 300 to 600 W. With their help you can heat a room from 3 to 6 meters.

These sources are used to create comfortable heating conditions, as well as to quickly warm up the room. However, they are practically unsuitable for constant heating due to the high cost of the devices themselves and the cost of consumed electricity.

Cost of IR heating

We calculate the cost, the house has 100 meters of usable area. To heat such a house, you need 10 kW heaters. We calculate: For 1 meter of area you need 100 W of IR heater. For 100 meters of area you need 10 kW. Multiply 10 kW by 24 hours and by 30 days. We get 7200 kW per month. 1 kW costs 3 rubles (for example), we get 21,600 rubles per month.

Infrared films (PLEN)

I specifically removed this type of heating from “warm floors” and here’s why. Infrared warm films (PLEN) are quite economical and have begun to be used not only for heating floors, but also walls and ceilings. Let's look at the photo.

By installing the film on the floor, walls and even ceilings, a fairly comfortable heating of the house is created. The real benefits of radiant radiation (IR):

• Warming up the room in less than an hour;
• Using automatic thermostat;
• Quiet operation;
• Quick and easy installation.

Heating cost PLEN

The main question, as always, is cost. PLEN (film radiant electric heater) consumes 15–20 W/m2 per hour. We consider a house to be 100 meters of usable area. We cover 70% of the ceiling with film.

Almost every owner of a private home tries to minimize the cost of heating it. When choosing the most economical type of heating for their home, ordinary people often pay attention only to the cost of fuel. But here you will have to take into account the heat loss of the building itself, the capital investment at the installation stage of the heating system, and the cost of servicing the network subsequently. We must not forget about the complexity of using one or another option.

Peculiarities

You should choose the most economical heating for your home, adhering to certain rules:

• determine how often the house itself will be used: will you live in it permanently or periodically;
• determine what the benefits of a certain heating method are - low installation cost or low cost of use;
• determine which specific type of fuel will be selected for the heating system;
• determine the position of the rooms in the building and its area.

Electrical systems

Any electrical heating system at home can be equipped according to two principles.

1. Direct. Heating of any room is carried out by devices that are powered directly from the network.
2. Indirect. With this principle, a coolant is used that will heat the radiators that are installed in the rooms.

Most fans of the indirect method of heating a cottage cite as the main advantage the long process of cooling the coolant in the heating system, which provides a sufficient advantage when the boiler is stopped. Proponents of direct heating talk about lower costs during the purchase and installation of equipment.

Let's list the electric heating systems in order of increasing investment price:

• fan heaters and various convectors;
• heating using infrared radiation;
• electric heaters;
• heated floors (cable and film);
• a conventional water system that is equipped with an electric boiler and radiators of various sizes.

Kinds

There are several types of home heating with electricity:

• convection;
• warm floor;
• infrared;
• water

Installation of wall convectors is carried out in those areas where water heating radiators are usually selected - under windows near the coldest walls.

Heat fans often have forced injection of air masses and a fairly mobile design. They can be installed in the most convenient places.

A heating system based on infrared radiation is much more efficient. These devices are attached to the ceiling and heat all surfaces, which then heat the air.

An interesting heating method such as heated floors is extremely popular. The method is based on heating film, cable mats or a heating type of cable, which can heat a very spacious room. The device itself is inexpensive, but installation under a screed or coating will clearly cause a significant blow to the family budget.

The basis of all micathermic heaters are non-metallic heating plates, which were developed using a new unique technology.

If you want to purchase a micathermic type heater, you obviously can’t go wrong. These heaters transfer most of their thermal energy to the room through radiation.

Advantages and disadvantages

A significant disadvantage of this type of equipment is its high energy consumption. Electricity prices are quite high, and this option for heating a home can be very unprofitable.

Another significant disadvantage is energy dependence. Heating a room becomes impossible if the electricity goes out.

The disadvantages include unstable voltage in the network; this problem will be felt extremely acutely in rural areas.

If you still decide to use electric heating, then you will need to take into account the general condition and power parameters of the electrical wiring of your home. A large cottage will need a three-phase network for these purposes.

Boiler characteristics

Modern electric boilers operate on three principles of heating the coolant:

1. heating elements;
2. electrodes;
3. using magnetic induction.

The first option can be called the most common. The coolant from the system goes inside the boiler, where with the help of tubular heating elements it quickly heats up and returns back to the system. This type of equipment is considered safe, quite functional, and also has built-in automation, and it will control the temperature in the rooms and the temperature of the coolant itself.

Electrode devices operate on a different principle. In this device, the heating element consists of two electrodes - voltage is applied to them. The coolant heats up thanks to an electric current that will move through it from the first electrode to the second, after which the coolant enters the heating system.

Frequency of use affects the ability of the electrodes to heat up, as over time they become thinner and no longer warm the house as much as needed.

The design of induction-type boilers is more complex, although structurally they are much more attractive. This type of boiler does not have the heating elements that ordinary people are accustomed to. The heat exchanger, being part of a magnetic circuit, uses a strong magnetic field to heat the coolant, which passes through it into the heating system.

Electric heating of a cottage in the form of indirect heat transfer has significant advantages over heating with gas and air: electric hot water boilers are very reliable, do not require a chimney and have high efficiency.

Water heating

The general characteristic of the operation of this type of cottage heating is to heat water or other coolant in the boiler, after which the liquid passes through the pipes of the house, giving off the resulting heat to the radiators, and then returns to the boiler.

According to the types of coolant circulation, this economical method is divided into 3 types:

1. with natural circulation:
2. with forced circulation;
3. with combined circulation.

Natural circulation heating works very simply.

The movement of the coolant here is carried out due to the difference in the density of heated and cold water. Heated water is lighter than cold water and is therefore displaced by it in the heating boiler to the very top part of the heating network. Slowly cooling, it descends along the system, thereby heating the room in the radiators, and then returns again to the boiler.

Otherwise, heating with forced circulation works.

These systems will differ from heating with natural circulation in the presence of a circulation pump powered by electricity. The pump can be built in separately, or can be contained in the heating boiler itself.

This heating method directly depends on the circulation pump, but at the same time increases the efficiency of the heat supply itself by 30%.

Heating with combined type circulation will allow you to easily switch from natural circulation to forced circulation.

The pros and cons of the combined circuit are the same as those of the previous two circuits, and depend on its operating mode.

Peculiarities

The features of water heating systems include a decent selection of boilers that can work with them efficiently, but at the same time there is a relative complexity of installation compared to other methods of heat supply.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive features of natural circulation:

• independence of the system from the power supply;
• durability.

When assessing efficiency, it is necessary to take into account the negative aspects of such schemes:

• the inability to heat 100 m2 of a house due to excessive hydrodynamic resistance of the networks; if they are long, water stops circulating normally in them;
• the need for the boiler to operate in constant mode;
• Difficulty regulating room temperatures.

Positive aspects of forced circulation schemes:

• installation requires much smaller pipes than in gravity heating systems;
• efficiency due to pump operation increases by 30%.

Disadvantages of forced circulation schemes:

• in addition to the consumption of the main fuel for heating the coolant, electricity will be consumed to operate the circulation pump;
• If the power goes out, the system will not be able to work.

What does it mean to heat with air?

This kind of heating method has been known to ordinary people for a long time. Previously, ordinary houses were warmed by heated air, which from the stoves that were heated went through channels specially made for these purposes. And these days, many owners of country houses are thinking about how to make air heating for their homes with their own hands, since this heating method has many advantages over others.

To heat rooms, both internal and external air masses are used. If air is taken only from the street, then this kind of system will be called a supply air system. For this purpose, supply-type fans are used; they drive air directly to the heating unit.

The partial type of recirculation involves the intake of air masses both from the street and from the premises, if it has already cooled down to the required value.

The complete recycling scheme looks like this: the internal air is constantly in motion, moving from a hot state to a cold state, after which it flows to the heating device, where it heats up again and moves into the room to release heat and a new cooling stage.

Air heating is a type of heating that you need to pay attention to if the choice is made first in order to save money.

The most economical method is designed for the air to be heated in a heater or heat exchanger and distributed to rooms through special channels. In each room, several holes can be placed near the floor, through which the air will fill the room with heat.

Description of heating type

First, you need to stock up on three main ingredients.

1. Heat generator. For this purpose, a heating boiler or furnace is most often chosen. The boiler will operate on any known type of fuel or be powered from the home electrical network.
2. Air duct network which are usually made of galvanized steel. They may look unsightly, but are often decorated with all sorts of finishing materials to match the design of the room.
3. Supply fan.

This heating design, equipped with your own hands, will heat any room well and fairly quickly. Climate control devices can be built into such a system, which in the summer will serve as air conditioning and air purification. The location of air conditioning devices is carried out both at the top of the room and at the bottom - this depends on the selected air heating scheme.

The supply fan forces warm air into the ducts. It is installed immediately under the combustion chamber of the boiler and, using a filter, cleans the air from all kinds of impurities and dust in order to supply it to the heating site - the heat exchanger. After it passes through the duct network, the cooled air is returned to the heat exchanger.

Positive and negative sides

Main advantages of the system:

• the heating rate of the rooms is quite high;
• Efficiency of at least 85-90%;
• The canal network is almost not subject to wear and tear and will not require maintenance between seasons.

But there are also disadvantages to an air heating system.

• This type of heating cannot operate completely silently. If your priority is silence when the heating system is operating, then this economical heating method is clearly not suitable for you.
• To install a heat generator you need a fairly large room, much larger than for installing other types of heating systems.

Reducing heat loss

In order to obtain the most efficient and profitable heating system, it is necessary to take a more responsible approach to the issue of reducing heat loss. Let's remember what an ordinary person does if he freezes. He brews hot tea and takes out a warm sweater and wool socks from the closet. That is, it is insulated as much as possible. It turns out that a person does not allow his natural warmth to come out.

The same should be done with the house. It is necessary to reduce heat loss as much as possible, and for this you will have to use an integrated approach - that is, insulate the house both outside and inside. The main thing is that you can do it yourself, without the help of specialists and additional financial costs.

Methods

It is possible to increase the heat transfer resistance of structures. To begin with, those that are more profitable to insulate. For example, if the walls of a building are initially warm, then it is cheaper to increase the thickness of the insulation material on the roof and floor, and also choose more energy-efficient windows.

Each specific project may have its own solutions:

• you can use “warm” windows, which will be protected from the outside by roller shutters;
• you can install a modern automatic ventilation system with a certain amount of air and heat recovery;
• You can use heat recovery from sewage effluent.

Choose more efficient heating methods - heated floors with a condensing boiler, automatic temperature control for each individual room. And reducing the temperature by just 2 degrees will save at least 5% of energy.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: Is it possible to heat a house cheaply with electricity? When using autonomous systems, the problem of monetary costs is especially relevant. When building a house, the issue of financial feasibility of using electric heating systems in comparison with other types of heating devices is hotly debated. Let's look into this issue.

Is it possible to heat a house cheaply with electricity? When using autonomous systems, the problem of monetary costs is especially relevant. When building a house, the issue of financial feasibility of using electric heating systems in comparison with other types of heating devices is hotly debated. Let's look into this issue.

Expensive heating with direct heating systems

Heating systems using electrical energy are divided into two main groups according to the principle of operation - direct and indirect heating. The first include devices that, using heating elements, directly raise the air temperature in the premises.

Direct heating systems include:

• convectors;
• warm floor;
• oil radiators;
• infrared panels.

In most cases, electric heaters with direct operation consume a large amount of energy, which does not allow them to be classified as economical heating devices. The only exception is infrared panels, however, their installation and operation are associated with a number of strict requirements, including safety issues, which significantly limit the possibility of using these devices.

The advantage of direct type heaters, in addition to their low price, is the absence of the need to install a boiler, heating system pipelines and radiators.

The advantages of heaters include the possibility of flexible temperature control in different rooms, and the autonomous connection of such systems to the electrical network. However, given the high cost of operation, the advantages of these devices are offset when it comes to the need for constant heating of the home.

Advantages and cost of boiler heating

Indirect heating systems increase the temperature of the coolant (in most cases, water plays its role). The air is heated by the components of the battery radiators. To put it simply, the system is an electric boiler through which coolant is passed, which then flows through pipelines into the heating radiators. By the way, you can replace any other boiler with an electric one - gas, coal, or running on liquid fuel.

Installing an indirect heating system is the cheapest option for heating a home using electricity. The most economical, but the most expensive at present, are induction boilers, in which heating occurs using electromagnetic waves.

In addition to such systems, there are other options - boilers with electrodes or a tubular electric heater (TEH). Heating devices equipped with heating elements consume more electrical energy than all the mentioned types of boilers. At the same time, boilers with heating elements are much cheaper.

The advantages of boilers, in addition to low cost of operation, include such qualities as small dimensions and simple installation, provided there is an existing heating piping system in the house. In addition, the boilers are environmentally safe and operate absolutely silently.

Let's consider the consumption indicator of heating boilers. So, for one residential building with an area of ​​about one hundred square meters during the heating season, the level of heat consumption is 10 kWh, the production of which accounts for 10.3 kWh of electrical energy (boiler efficiency is approaching one hundred percent). If the boiler operates continuously, then the daily electricity consumption will be about 247 kilowatts, which is equivalent to 7410 kilowatts per month.

In fact, the boiler’s operating mode is not continuous - after the coolant heats up to a certain temperature, the device turns off and energy consumption stops. On average, for every hour of boiler operation there is an hour of downtime. Consequently, energy costs per month will be half as much as calculated - that is, 3700 kilowatts.

The average electricity tariff in Russia now fluctuates around 4.5 rubles per 1 kWh. Thus, the monthly costs for boiler heating of a house with an area of ​​100 square meters will be 16.5 thousand rubles, but they can be much higher or lower, depending on the specific region.

How to make heating your home with electricity cheaper

There are different ways to achieve savings when using electric heating systems at home, but they all boil down to one thing - reducing the amount of heat generated. First of all, this result can be achieved by eliminating heat losses in the house.

It is necessary to eliminate gaps, cracks, and thermally insulate the room using insulation. Metal-plastic windows and doors and laying heat-insulating material on the walls of balconies and loggias are guaranteed to help reduce heat losses.

An important factor in saving thermal energy is the correct choice of heating format. For example, if a house or apartment is well insulated and the number of rooms is small, then the use of boilers will be justified, since the energy costs for heating the coolant in this case will be small. If we are talking about a house with a large number of rooms, including non-residential ones, then their heating can be carried out partially “idle”.

In the case of a large number of rooms, it would be more advisable to use a combined heating scheme. For example, an infrared heater installed in a bathroom can quickly heat the room, so it can be turned off when the room is not actively used.

As for the kitchen, it would be logical to use a combined scheme that provides two heat sources - an infrared panel and a convector. When the owners are not at home, the convector can operate at minimum power. If it is necessary to quickly heat the room, the infrared panel turns on and the air temperature quickly rises.

The flexibility of electric heating systems allows you to create different heating “profiles” using automation of temperature changes. In the absence of the owners of the house, the temperature is reduced to acceptable minimums - this allows you to minimize “idle” energy costs.

An hour before the owners return to the apartment, the controller automatically starts heating the rooms and, thus, creates a comfortable temperature for the residents. When setting up the “smart” heating mode, both the power and the location of specific heating points are taken into account.

Obviously, the cheapest heating scheme is to connect to a centralized system. However, it is necessary to consider all possible options for autonomous heating, both from the point of view of efficiency and ease of operation, and the cost of purchasing, installing and operating the equipment. published

If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the experts and readers of our project.

A cozy, warm home is probably every person’s dream. Today, most people prefer to live in private houses, because this has many advantages. But how to make your home the most comfortable, everyone decides in their own way. And, probably, it’s first worth considering the amount of heat and light.

Which heating is better for a private home?

There are several ways to heat a country house. Each of them has its own pros and cons, operating principles, and requires certain costs. The choice of a specific type of heating depends on many factors. For example, the presence of a fireplace or stove in the house, electricity, the availability of materials such as gas, fuel, firewood or coal.

Depending on this, the following types of home heating are distinguished::

• Air;
• Electric;
• Water.

An air heating system passes air through a special device - a heat exchanger, after which the heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room. This type of heating is expensive and requires a huge amount of space. However, it provides quick heating of the house.

Electric heating is based on the conversion of electricity into heat.

This type is environmentally friendly and easy to install and use, but despite this, it significantly increases energy costs and forces you to constantly ventilate the room, as oxygen is burned. Water heating is based on the circulation of liquid through pipes, which heats the room. Such a system can be installed without the help of specialists, however, during frosts when the system is turned off, the water can freeze and rupture the pipes.

The most popular and economical heating method is electric. This will be discussed further.

Heating a house with electricity: cheap or expensive

There are a huge number of heating methods. But, unfortunately, not all of them can be used in your own home.

Electric heating is the cheapest and most convenient option:

• The installation of such heating requires a minimum of effort;
• Installation of the system does not require adjustment to any season;
• The heating system is very compact and does not require building an additional room for the boiler room;
• There is no need to provide maintenance;
• The cost of using such a system depends on the degree of operation and temperature level;
• The electric heating system is the most environmentally friendly.

Thus, electric heating does not require special physical and monetary costs and is most common in private homes.

Types of electric heating systems

Electric heating systems are designed to convert electricity into heat. The methods of such transformation vary, and this is what the main types of such systems are based on. However, they all have one minus, unlike gas - the cost of their use is high, since they are based on electricity.

Among them are:

• Electric boilers;
• Heaters based on the use of infrared rays;
• Warm floor running on electricity;
• Fan heaters.

Electric boilers operate by heating the liquid in the heating circuit that is connected to them. Electric convectors also use heating elements. Only in this case electricity does not pass through the liquid. Heating is carried out by heating the aluminum or steel housing and the air that is inside this housing. Hot air rises, changing places with cold air. With the help of such circulation, the room is also heated.

Electric heating is the most economical: without a boiler

Which method is the most economical? Convectors do not take up much space and can be placed on the wall, on the floor, built-in or external. They quickly warm up the air and accurately perform the assigned tasks. The only downside is that one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house.

Infrared heaters convert electricity into infrared rays that can heat any object. They can take the form of rectangles built into the floor or wall, or mounted on a stand. This heating system heats the air only in a certain area of ​​the room. In order to heat the entire house, you need to install a large number of such devices. On the one hand, they are cheap to use, but their quantity increases the cost.

Infrared heaters are economical because you can set individual temperature conditions in different areas of the house. Therefore, these heaters are on average 35% more economical compared to boilers. An electric heated floor is installed under the tiles and may not be the main heating system.

Advantages of heated floors:

• The temperature in electric heated floors can be adjusted easily and accurately;
• An electric heated floor does not need to be filled with new screeds, which require additional costs and put extra pressure on the floors;
• Due to the ease of installation, electric heated floors can be installed both in a private house and in a multi-storey one.

The only disadvantages of such a system include energy costs. But, on the other hand, if an electric heated floor is still not the main one, then this drawback can be crossed out. Fan heaters (heater, not radiator) are not the main heating system. They have a quick effect only in small rooms, but at the same time they use a large amount of electricity, due to which they greatly increase the cost of costs. Electric batteries are not bad heaters.

Economical electric boilers: options

Boilers are divided into those based on heaters - heating elements - and electrode ones.

The work of heating elements is that they heat running water and distribute it throughout the system. Special pumps are often installed with heaters to help circulate fluid through the system. Usually there are 3 or 4 heating elements in the boiler, which can work simultaneously or one at a time - it all depends on the temperature level.

The power of electric heating boilers also varies. There are models that operate from a single-phase or three-phase network. An electrode boiler fails because electricity passes through the liquid from electrode to electrode. Instead of water, non-freezing liquid is used here.

Advantages of electric boilers:

• Easy to install and regulate;
• Do not take up much space;
• Accurately and quickly regulate the temperature level;
• Their work does not create noise;
• Relatively low cost and economical maintenance.

Disadvantages of electric boilers: high energy costs; with prolonged use of heating elements, the heaters become covered with scale and stop working; in the absence of water, heating elements burn out. Often boilers do not cope with their tasks and cannot warm up the entire house, that is, they slowly heat the house. The operation of boilers depends entirely on the power of the electrical network. Correct circuits and high-quality batteries for a cottage allow you to heat your house inexpensively. A homemade device is quite possible.

The most economical electric heating and electrical appliances

The most economical and easiest to use is the electric convector system. They consist of an aluminum or steel body that heats the air from both the outside and the inside. Warm air gives way to cold air, and thus the entire room is heated.

Advantages of using convectors:

1. The convector is the most efficient heating system. Due to the small size of the heating elements, the air heats up faster, being evenly distributed throughout the room.
2. This is the highest quality type of heating, since it does not waste electricity, completely converting it into heat. This is also the reason for its efficiency.
3. Convectors are easily adjustable and do not heat up above 100 ºС. Many models have a safety system that turns off the device if air access is blocked.
4. This heating system is quite easy to install and use. All you need to do after purchasing is to install it on a wall or on a stand and plug it into the network.
5. Convectors are much cheaper than electric boilers.
6. Since one convector will not be enough to heat the entire house, you need to purchase more devices. However, this can be done gradually, depending on the need or availability of funds.
7. Such a heating system does not respond to possible power surges and continues to work properly.

The choice of convector depends, first of all, on the expected price. However, it is best to buy a device from leading manufacturers, since the issue here is about home security. It is important to pay attention to the restart function after turning off the device. If in this case the convector requires human intervention, then this will create some problems in its use, including the risk of great damage from freezing the house. Efficient and profitable alternative heating according to new technologies.

Installation of electric heating in a private house

An electric heating system is very easy to install. Therefore, you can do this yourself. This will save money because you won’t have to call in specialists.

Installation consists of three stages:

• Planning;
• Installation;
• Launch.

First, you need to prepare a heating circuit and appliances, taking into account the way it will be used. In order to carry out an economical heat calculation and choose an electric boiler for a private home, you can call a specialist or use ready-made programs.

Next, panels are equipped with separate circuit breakers for each room and the wiring is installed. You need to consider how many boilers and other equipment you need to purchase. You will need automation, ceramic or other pipes. An electric battery that will heat, with an electricity consumption similar to that of a light bulb, is everyone’s dream. Modular energy-saving gas elements for the premises of country houses will help you save some fuel.

After the electrical wiring is ready, you can begin installing equipment that will help heat the room (energy or economical radiators). It is important to pay attention to the temperature regime. At first, the device will work hard. This will warm up the room very quickly. And then the system will go into normal mode and will turn on to maintain the set temperature level, like a drip device.

However, using only electric heating can cost a pretty penny. Therefore, you should use other means of heating your home to increase your living comfort.

Methods of additional thermal insulation:

1. Insulating loggias, balconies and verandas will block the penetration of cold street air into the house. Thus, heating the house will be much more efficient.
2. Replacing old windows with plastic ones. This will eliminate the occurrence of drafts, which is also good for heating in bad weather. If it is not possible to install new windows, then you can insulate the old ones. To do this, you need to coat the space between the frame and the opening with sealant and seal it with electrical tape.
3. Using the same principle, old doors are replaced with new ones.
4. You can insulate walls both outside and inside. Internal insulation reduces the size of the room, so experts recommend insulating walls from the outside. For this purpose, heat insulators are used.
5. Ceiling insulation is most often carried out in the attic. In this case, mats are used, under which a vapor barrier is placed, and a water barrier is placed on the mats.
6. You should pay attention to floor insulation. This is important because most often the floor does not warm up well, which causes some discomfort.

According to the laws of physics, warm air rises, giving way to cold air. Therefore, it is important to insulate the roof so that the heated air does not leave the house at all. The method of roof insulation depends on its type. If it is a pitched roof, then insulation is carried out inside the house using mineral wool. If the roof is flat, then hard materials are used on the outside that are not exposed to various negative influences. Homemade products (convection, autonomous, innovative heating for an apartment) are also possible, the panels will allow you to save money, but the equipment must be thought out thoroughly.