Efficient heating system for industrial premises. Methods of heating industrial and warehouse premises. Infrared heating of industrial premises
Read also
Harsh competitive fight between manufacturers of one or another type of product forces owners of industrial facilities to reduce the cost of manufactured products by maintaining an optimal level of costs for the production process and organization of product sales.
The problem of choosing the most economical option for heating production areas plays a significant role in the issue of reducing costs.
Air heating of warehouse, industrial and domestic premises is one of the most effective and cost-effective profitable options heating system devices that allow maintaining the required temperature throughout the entire operating cycle.
In this article we will look at the features of the design, installation and operation of air heating for industrial premises of various profiles (warehouse, workshop, etc.).
When heating large areas you need to use more powerful equipment.
Air heating is a heat generator or water heater that heats the air, and a system of branched air ducts designed for transportation air flow to heated areas of the workshop or warehouse.
Inside production premises, heated air is distributed due to the operation of fans or distribution heads that direct air flows in the required direction.
Industrial air heating can be presented in the form of a mobile option for heating local areas of the workshop - portable heat guns that successfully perform the task of promptly heating certain areas.
Air recirculation additionally solves the issues of compliance of air parameters in the serviced or working area of production premises with sanitary and hygienic requirements and standards.
Advantages and disadvantages
Air heating of industrial and warehouse premises has a number of competitive advantages before other heating system design diagrams:
- High efficiency (up to 93%), absence of intermediate links (pipes, radiators, etc.).
- Maintaining a constant level of microclimate inside production premises due to the possibility of integrating climate and heating systems.
- Low inertia, allowing the premises to be warmed up to required level.
- Significant savings financial resources and reducing production costs.
Obvious advantages may be slightly overshadowed by some disadvantages:
- The need for regular maintenance, the complexity of modernization.
- The need to equip with a backup power supply.
To install an air heating system for a workshop and other production premises, you must adhere to the following sequence of actions:
- Development of a design solution.
- Heating system installation.
- Carrying out commissioning and testing of air and automation systems.
- Acceptance for operation.
- Exploitation.
Below we will consider each stage in more detail.
Air heating system design
The correct location of heat sources around the perimeter will allow the rooms to be heated in the same volume. Click to enlarge.
Air heating of a workshop or warehouse must be installed in strict accordance with the previously developed design solution.
You should not carry out all the necessary calculations and select equipment yourself, since errors in design and installation can lead to malfunctions and the appearance of various defects: increased noise levels, imbalance of air supply to rooms, temperature imbalance.
The development of a design solution should be entrusted to a specialized organization, which, based on the information provided by the customer technical specifications(or terms of reference) will deal with the following technical problems and issues:
- Determination of heat losses in each room.
- Determination and selection of an air heater of the required power, taking into account the amount of heat loss.
- Calculation of the amount of heated air taking into account the power of the air heater.
- Aerodynamic calculation of the system, performed to determine the pressure loss and diameter of the air channels.
After finishing design work you should start purchasing equipment, taking into account its functionality, quality, range of operating parameters and cost.
Installation of an air heating system
Work on installing a workshop air heating system can be done independently (by specialists and company employees) or you can resort to the services of a specialized organization.
At self-installation the system must take into account some specific features.
Before starting installation, it’s a good idea to make sure everything is complete. necessary equipment and materials.
Air heating system layout diagram. Click to enlarge.
At specialized enterprises producing ventilation equipment, you can order air ducts, inserts, butterfly valves and other standard products used in the installation of air heating systems for industrial premises.
Additionally you will need following materials: self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, mounting tape, flexible insulated air ducts with noise reduction function.
When installing air heating, it is necessary to provide insulation ( thermal insulation) supply air ducts.
This measure is intended to eliminate the possibility of condensation formation. When installing main air ducts, galvanized steel is used, on top of which foil self-adhesive insulation with a thickness of 3 mm to 5 mm is glued.
Choice of hard or flexible air ducts or their combination depends on the type of air heater determined by the design solution. The air ducts are connected to each other using reinforced aluminum tape, metal or plastic clamps.
The general principle of installing air heating boils down to the following sequence of actions:
- Carrying out general construction preparatory work.
- Installation of the main air duct.
- Installation of exhaust air ducts (distribution).
- Air heater installation.
- Thermal insulation device for supply air ducts.
- Installation of additional equipment (if necessary) and individual elements: recuperators, grilles, etc.
Carrying out commissioning tests, acceptance of air heating into operation
Air heating industrial warehouse or production workshop necessarily includes automatic control and protection systems.
Carrying out commissioning tests of automation is integral part comprehensive testing of newly installed equipment and its acceptance into operation (in the case when a third-party specialized organization was involved in the installation).
It is best to entrust the work of carrying out commissioning tests on air and triggering automation to a specialized organization (if your company does not have specialists on staff this profile).
The reliability and efficiency of the entire air heating system of industrial premises will depend on the quality of commissioning tests.
Operating an air heating system
Air heating of a warehouse or production workshop is modern system heating supply, the efficiency and performance of which depends on a set of measures for its timely maintenance in preparation for the heating season.
During operation, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of the manufacturers of the installed equipment and the requirements of regulatory legal acts.
ultra-term.ru
Air heating systems for industrial premises: pros and cons
Traditional water heating is widely used for residential and administrative buildings. But when it comes to heat supply to buildings large area(production workshops, warehouses, hangars, agro-industrial facilities, etc.), more economical and effective solutions– such as air heating systems.
When traditions don't warm you up
Air heating diagram, fig. 1
First of all, it’s worth understanding why it’s so common for small residential and office premises water heating systems are not suitable for workshops, warehouses or hangars.
Air heating system diagram, fig. 2
The fact is that rooms in apartments and private houses, as well as offices, most often have a ceiling height of no higher than 3-4 m. Warm air flows from heating devices located under the windows or along the walls rise upward. Because of this, the difference in air temperature between the floor and ceiling increases by 2°C with each meter. Thus, in living rooms this difference can reach 6-8°C, which is quite acceptable, since a comfortable temperature (+18-22oC) should be maintained only up to the height of human growth.
Air heating system, diagram, fig. 3
But the higher the ceiling, the more uneven heating increases. In a room heated by convection, warm air predominantly accumulates under the ceiling, which naturally increases heat loss through the floors or roof. At the same time, at the height of human growth, the temperature remains much lower than comfortable.
Air heating diagram, fig. 4
Due to the huge temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling when using water heating systems in rooms with high ceilings have to resort to additional measures for uniform heating of the entire volume of air. These can be electric or water “warm floors” or ceiling fans, which further increases the already considerable costs of heating the building. All this makes water heating an extremely unprofitable and ineffective solution for heating buildings with high ceilings. So it is gradually being abandoned in favor of more economical air systems.
Scheme, Fig. 5
Air heating system: pros and cons
Advantages
You can set the thermostat to a low maintenance temperature (so that the water does not freeze) and leave the unit for a while. Upon return, the regulator switches back and the building warms up.
If necessary, you can set a flexible temperature regime: at night - one, during the day - another.
Air heating can work alongside a humidifier in dry climates while avoiding the problems associated with static electricity build-up.
In regions with a humid climate, air heating systems dry the indoor air, which will prevent moisture condensation and the spread of fungus and mold.
Air heating systems with an air intake inside the building are equipped with purifying filters or ionizers, this allows you to remove polluting particles and allergens from the air.
In the warm season, the air ducts of forced draft air heating systems supply cold air to the premises.
Fans of air heating systems, in the presence of forced draft, are used in conjunction with solid fuel stoves, heating the house in the event of unforeseen failures or planned interruptions in the operation of centralized heating. Similar alternative system, located near the air intake fan, can assist the main heating system in particularly severe cold weather.
Flaws
Air heating systems with the same forced draft “successfully” suck dust from the street into the room. Air filters do not catch all the dust. The problem can be alleviated by using systems with an air intake located inside the building.
Air filters require frequent replacement; if this is not done, the system loses its effectiveness.
If the fan breaks down, no heat will be supplied.
In case of any malfunction with CO entering the air duct system, it will spread throughout the building carbon monoxide.
teplolivam.ru
An air heating system is simply an ideal option for heating industrial premises
Calculators SNiPs and GOSTs
Heating industrial premises is an important matter for the owner of a large enterprise. Because you need to, first of all, think about your employees. After all, when workers spend their workday in comfortable conditions, they, accordingly, get sick less and work better.
Advantages of air heating of industrial premises:
- This system heating is much more economical than, for example, gas;
- Installing equipment for air heating will cost the owner in large institutions much less than building his own separate boiler room;
- Also, this heating system can save quite a lot of money on electricity. The thing is that the air heats up much faster thanks to this equipment, and the heat lasts longer;
- The owner of any large premises will save money on maintaining this system. Since air heating of industrial premises requires fewer employees to service this heating equipment.
Installation options for this heating equipment
Air heating can be installed in 2 options. The first option is to install production units on the roof or near the wall. It goes inwards from them special system, thanks to which the air is distributed among all blowers and evenly warms the room. This option is suitable if, in addition to heating the institution, you also need to cool and ventilate it during the warm season.
Business owners will no longer need to think about purchasing air conditioners and installing them. You can save a lot of money by connecting just one heating system, and in the end you get 2. Such heating of industrial premises is often used in shopping centers and department stores. Air humidifiers and antibacterial lamps can be connected to heating equipment, which help create an ideal indoor microclimate.
The second installation option is when production premises are heated by local air heaters. Such equipment is perfect for various warehouses and premises where goods are stored. Air heaters should be installed in in the right places around the perimeter and just turn them on. If the temperature drops significantly, then the sensor will record this, and the units will start working again.
How to proceed when installing air heating in warehouses and other institutions
As always, before starting absolutely any work, you need to think carefully about everything. In this case, you need to do good project so that after installation heating equipment there were no problems. Of course, the owner of a production establishment will not do all this. That's why the best way To cope with this task is to hire competent workers in this field.
So, what actions should you follow before installing this structure:
- First you need to make a project before proceeding with the installation of air heating in the enterprise;
- Next you need to install the heating system;
- Then you should test all the devices. These will include tests of all automatic systems and air tests;
- If the test was successful, then you can hand over the “work” for use;
- The last point is the direct use of this heating system.
The calculation of all units, spare parts and their quantity should be made by an experienced person in this field in order to protect himself from “extra” purchases.
Heating of industrial premises and enterprises requires absolute compliance with the project itself. You should not perform all the calculations yourself, even if you are well versed in it all. After all, one small mistake can ruin the operation of the entire system. Various defects may also appear, which are accompanied by increased level noise (and for shopping centers this is an unacceptable situation), imbalance of air supply to various rooms, imbalance of temperature conditions, etc.
A specialized organization (namely, this is where the customer needs to contact for a heating system project) must resolve the following issues:
- Determine heat losses in each individual room;
- Having learned the heat losses, employees of a specialized organization select air heaters of the required power, taking into account all heat losses;
- Calculate the amount of heated air and take it into account with the power of the air heater;
- Calculate the aerodynamic system, which determines the pressure loss and the diameter of the air channels.
And only after all this can you proceed to purchasing all necessary materials, and then begin to install a heating system for industrial premises.
Rice. 2 Calculation of heating of production premises Air heating system and its installation
The work of installing equipment for heating industrial premises can be undertaken by both “all of our own” and workers from a specialized organization. Before starting the installation of air heating in the room, you need to make sure that you have all the materials for the work.
In addition to the heating system, you must also not forget about self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, mounting tape, about flexible insulated air duct and others additional materials. All indoor air heating blowers must be insulated. This should be done in order to avoid condensation from blowers in production areas.
Rice. 3 Air heating system in industrial establishments An air heating system with mainline blowers requires a special approach to insulation. The material used for these blowers is galvanized steel, so you need to stick a self-adhesive insulation (foil) on top of it. The thickness of the insulation should be 3-5 mm.
It is best to hire experienced workers to install a heating system in large rooms, who will install all the necessary equipment without any problems.
kotlomaniya.ru
Home > Air heating of production premises
Today, before many commercial and production organizations the issue of saving is acute. In winter, heating a production facility with a constant rise in electricity prices can cost a pretty penny, so the demand for effective ways heating - first of all, direct heating of air using the cheapest fuel available today - natural gas. Air heating systems for industrial and commercial premises offered by our company are among the most effective, profitable and advanced in the world. Russian market. Let us consider the main characteristics of such systems. For industrial premises requiring heating and ventilation, systems are used in which air is supplied to the premises through air ducts. It is most advisable to use such systems if it is necessary not only to heat, but also to ventilate and/or air condition a room - since in this system it is possible to combine all these functions. A similar system is installed using large industrial units, usually located on the roof. This is exactly how the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system in large shopping centers is built, office buildings, as well as production workshops. The system allows you to maintain the necessary climatic parameters in the room - temperature, humidity, clean the air from germs, dust and other harmful impurities, creating the most favorable environment for people in the room. If the task is only to heat production premises with minimal costs, then the best way is to install local gas air heaters. This is a compact and inexpensive equipment that operates on the principle of a fan heater. Local air heaters are controlled by thermostats that regulate the temperature in the room and give a signal to turn on if it drops to a certain value. In both cases, the heating system of an industrial or warehouse premises has several undoubted advantages: - use of a cheap energy source (gas)
- absence of additional coolant, as well as the bulky system associated with it (pipes, boilers, pumps)
- exceptionally low inertia - no time is required to transfer heat from the coolant to the battery, heated air immediately enters the room
- exceptionally high efficiency – up to 93%
- creating a more uniform heat distribution due to constant air circulation in the room
Production facilities, workshops, warehouses, due to their spacious size and taking into account the climatic conditions of Russia, often need a solution to this topical issue, How optimal heating. The word “optimal” means the price/reliability/comfort ratio that is suitable for a particular industrial building.
This is what we will talk about in our article.
In general, creating a heating scheme for industrial premises is a rather difficult task. This is due to the fact that each individual production facility is built for specific technological processes, and has very big sizes and height.
Plus, the equipment used in production sometimes complicates the laying of pipes for ventilation or heating. But despite this, heating industrial buildings is an important function that cannot be avoided.
And that's why:
- a well-thought-out heating system ensures comfortable conditions labor for employees and directly affects their performance;
- it protects equipment from hypothermia, which can cause breakdowns, which in turn will lead to monetary costs for repairs;
- Warehouses must also have an appropriate microclimate so that the goods produced retain their original appearance.
Note!
By choosing a simple, but at the same time reliable heating system, you will reduce the cost of its repair and maintenance.
Plus, much fewer employees will be required to control it.
Choosing a heating system for industrial premises
For heating industrial buildings Most often, central heating systems (water or air) are used, but in some cases it is more rational to use local heaters.
But in any case, when choosing a production heating system, you need to rely on the following criteria:
- Area and height of the room;
- The amount of heat energy needed to maintain the optimal temperature;
- The ease of maintenance of heating equipment, as well as its suitability for repair.
Now let's try to figure out the positive and negative sides, which the above-mentioned types of heating of industrial premises have.
Central water heating
The source of the heat resource is a central heating system or a local boiler house. Water heating consists of a boiler (radiators or convectors) and a pipeline. The liquid heated in the boiler is transferred to the pipes, giving off heat to the heating devices.
Water heating of industrial buildings can be:
- Single-pipe - here it is impossible to regulate the water temperature.
- Two-pipe - here temperature control is possible and is carried out thanks to thermostats and radiators installed in parallel.
Concerning central element water system (i.e. boiler), then it can be:
- gas;
- liquid fuel;
- solid fuel;
- electric;
- combined.
You need to choose based on the possibilities. For example, if it is possible to connect to a gas main, a gas boiler would be a good option. But please note that the price is this type fuel consumption increases every year. In addition, there may be interruptions in central system gas supply, which will not benefit the production enterprise.
Requires a separate safe room and fuel storage tank. In addition, you will have to regularly replenish fuel reserves, which means taking care of transportation and unloading - additional costs of money, labor and time.
Solid fuel boilers are unlikely to be suitable for heating industrial premises, unless they are small in size. Operating and maintaining a solid fuel unit is a rather labor-intensive process (loading fuel, regularly cleaning the firebox and chimney from ash).
True, at present there are automated solid fuel models into which you do not need to load fuel with your own hands; a special one has been developed for this automatic system fence Also, automated models allow you to set the desired temperature.
However, you still have to take care of the firebox. The fuel used here is pellets, sawdust, wood chips, and, if placed manually, also firewood. Although this type of boiler requires labor-intensive operation, it is the most inexpensive.
Electric boilers are also not the best option for large industrial enterprises, since the energy consumed costs a pretty penny. But heating a production space of 70 square meters using this method is quite acceptable. However, do not forget that in our country, periodic power outages for several hours have long been a common occurrence.
As for combination boilers, they can be called truly universal units. If you have chosen a water heating system and want to get efficient and uninterrupted heating of your production as a result, then take a closer look at this option.
Although a combination boiler costs several times more than previous units, it provides a unique opportunity - practically not to depend on external problems (interruptions in the centralized heating system, gas supply and electricity supply). Such units are equipped with two or more burners, for various types fuel.
Built-in types of burners are the main parameter for dividing combined boilers into subgroups:
- Gas-wood heating boiler– you don’t have to worry about gas supply interruptions and fuel price increases;
- Gas-diesel– will provide high heating power and comfort in a large area;
- Gas-diesel-wood– has expanded functionality, but you have to pay for it with lower efficiency and low power;
- Gas-diesel-electricity– a very effective option;
- Gas-diesel-wood-electricity- an improved unit. It can be said that it provides complete independence from possible external problems.
Everything is clear with boilers, now let's see whether water heating in production fits the selection criteria that we initially outlined. Here it’s worth mentioning right away that the heat capacity of water, compared to the heat capacity of the same air, is several thousand times greater (at the usual temperatures of air (70°C) and water (80°C) in the heating system).
In this case, the water consumption for the same room will be thousands of times less than the air consumption. This means that fewer connecting communications will be required, which is certainly a big plus, given the design of industrial premises.
Note!
A water heating system allows you to control the temperature: for example, you can work time install standby heating for production (+10°C), and set a more comfortable temperature during working hours.
Air heating
This type is the very first artificial heating premises. So air heating systems have been proving their effectiveness for quite a long time and, it should be noted, are in constant demand.
All this thanks to the following positive aspects:
- Air heating involves the absence of radiators and pipes, instead of which air ducts are installed.
- Air heating shows more high level Efficiency compared to the same water heating system.
- In this case, the air is heated evenly throughout the entire volume and height of the room.
- The air heating system can be combined with the system supply ventilation and conditioning, which allows you to get fresh air instead of the heated one.
- It is impossible not to mention regular changes and air purification, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being and performance of employees.
In order to save money, it is better to choose a combined air industrial heating, which consists of natural and mechanical air movement. What does it mean?
The word “natural” means the intake of already warm air from environment(warm air is available everywhere, even when it is -20°C outside). Mechanical induction is when the duct takes cold air from the environment, heats it and delivers it into the room.
For heating large areas, air heating systems for industrial premises are perhaps the most rational option. And in some cases, for example, at chemical plants, air heating is the only permitted type of heating.
Infrared heating
How to heat an industrial premises without resorting to traditional methods? Using modern infrared heaters. They work on the following principle: emitters generate radiant energy above the heated area and transfer heat to objects, which in turn heats the air.
Information! The functionality of infrared heaters can be compared to the Sun, which also uses infrared waves to heat the earth's surface, and as a result of heat exchange from the surface, the air is heated.
This principle of operation eliminates the accumulation of heated air under the ceiling and, as a result, large temperature changes, which is very attractive for heating industrial enterprises, since most of them have high ceilings.
IR heaters are divided into the following types according to their installation location:
- ceiling;
- floor;
- wall;
- portable floor.
By type of waves emitted:
- shortwave;
- medium wave or light (their operating temperature is 800°C, so they emit soft light during operation);
- long-wavelength or dark (they do not emit light even with their operating temperature 300-400°C).
By type of energy consumed:
- electrical;
- gas;
- diesel
Gas and diesel infrared systems are more profitable and their efficiency is 85-92%. However, they burn oxygen and change the humidity in the air.
By type of heating element:
- Halogen– the only drawback is that if dropped or subjected to a strong impact, the vacuum tube may break;
- Carbon- basic a heating element made of carbon fiber and placed in a glass tube. The biggest advantage compared to other IR devices is lower energy consumption (about 2.5 times). If you fall or strong impact The quartz tube may break.
- Tenovye;
- Ceramic– the heating element is made of ceramic tiles assembled into one reflector.
The principle of operation is the flameless combustion of the gas-air mixture inside ceramic tiles, as a result of which it heats up and transfers heat to surrounding surfaces, objects, and people.
IR heaters are most often used for heating:
- industrial premises;
- shopping and sports facilities;
- warehouses;
- workshops;
- factories;
- greenhouses, greenhouses;
- livestock farms;
- private and apartment buildings.
Advantages of infrared heating:
- First of all, it should be noted that IR heaters are the only type of devices that allow for zone or spot heating. Thus, different parts of the production facility can be maintained at different temperatures. Zone heating can be used to heat work areas, parts on a conveyor belt, car engines, young animals on livestock farms, etc.
- As mentioned above, IR heaters heat surfaces, objects and people, but do not affect the air itself. It turns out that there is no circulation of air masses, which means there is no heat loss and drafts and, as a result, less colds and allergic reactions.
- The low inertia of infrared heaters allows you to feel the effect of their action immediately after starting, without preheating the room.
- Infrared heating very economical due to high efficiency and low consumption electricity (up to 45% less energy than with traditional ways). There is probably no need to explain that this significantly reduces the financial costs of the enterprise and quickly pays back all the funds invested in infrared heating.
- IR heaters are durable, lightweight, take up little space, are easy to install (each product comes with detailed installation instructions) and require virtually no maintenance during operation.
- Infrared heaters are the only type of heating devices that can provide effective local heating (that is, without resorting to centralized heating systems).
Finally
Finally, I would like to suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photo table, which shows the specific heating characteristics of industrial buildings.
We examined the main types of heating of industrial premises. Which one will be the most optimal in your case is up to you to decide. And we hope that this article was useful to you. Additional information You will find information on this topic in specially selected video material.
There is no doubt that heating industrial premises has always been a non-standard task, to put it mildly. And this is not surprising, since each such room was built strictly for a specific technological process, and its dimensions, unlike residential or domestic premises, are sometimes simply impressive. Quite often there are even industrial buildings, total area which reaches even several thousand (!) square meters. The height of the ceilings in them can be seven to eight meters, but there are also those that reach an incredible twenty to twenty-five meters. What is characteristic is work zone in them, which really needs heating, does not exceed a couple of meters.
So how can you heat an industrial space? Does it make sense to resort to traditional methods– water or air heating, for example – and will this have any effect? After all, their efficiency, if we consider it from the point of view of such a huge building, is low, and the cost of maintenance, on the contrary, is high. And hundreds of meters of pipeline will soon become covered with rust, because an industrial building contains a large amount of stray current.
So which is better to choose? Which method, which heating of industrial buildings and premises is best for us? Let's try to figure this out together.
Types of heating of industrial buildings, workshops and warehouses
Among the heating features of such premises, I would like to highlight the following:
- Heating equipment should be used as efficiently as possible.
- The need to heat large areas.
- Heaters are required to heat not only the air inside, but also outside. Their location does not matter.
The choice of one heating method or another should be influenced not only by the characteristics of the heat source, but also, say, by the specifics production process, the financial side of the issue and so on. Now let's look at the positive and negative of each type.
Steam heating
This type of heating is used for industrial buildings. It has both pros and cons.
Advantages
- Permanently heat air (from one hundred degrees and above).
- You can heat a room in record time, as well as cool it if necessary.
- The number of floors of buildings does not matter; steam heating is acceptable for any number of floors.
- heating equipment, and even the pipeline, are small in size.
Important! Steam system It is well suited for heating industrial premises, much more than, say, heating with water. Perfect option in order to heat periodically.
Flaws
- The main disadvantage is the strong noise performance during operation.
- In addition, steam consumption, and therefore heat transfer, cannot be controlled.
approximate cost of such heating in one season can be from 32 to 86 thousand rubles, depending on the selected fuel. We took an average industrial building, the total area of which is approximately 500 meters, and the ceiling height is 3 meters.
It is not advisable to install steam heating in buildings where aerosol or dust, as well as flammable gases, are released.
Water heating
If water heating is chosen, the heat source can be a local boiler house, or district heating. The main component of such a system is a boiler that can run on gas, solid fuel, and even electricity. But it's best to use either gas (about 80 thousand per season), or hard coal (about 97 thousand), since other options will cost more, which raises doubts about the advisability of their use.
Features of water heating
- High pressure.
- Heat.
- It is used primarily in the role of “standby” heating of the building, with the temperature set to plus 10. Of course, if this does not contradict production technology.
Air heating
Air heating of industrial premises can be both local and centralized. It is characterized by the following features:
- Air is always moving.
- Therefore, it is changed and cleaned periodically.
- The temperature is distributed evenly throughout the room.
- All this is absolutely safe for the human body.
Through air ducts, heated air enters the building, where it mixes with what is already present and acquires the same temperature. In order to minimize energy costs, most of the air is purified using filters, heated back and released into the room.
But outside air is also supplied in accordance with sanitary standards. But if during production some harmful or toxic substances are released, then the recycling procedure will be in question. In this case, the heat from the exhaust air must be recovered.
If local air heating is used, then the heat source should be located in the very center of the building (this can be heat guns, VOA and others). But in this case, only internal air is processed, but no fresh air is supplied from outside.
One of the ways to heat large areas is air heating units, about them
Heating with electricity
If the area of the industrial premises is small, then in order to create maximum comfort for workers, you can acquire infrared emitters, which are mainly installed in warehouses.
The main devices are the so-called thermal curtains. The cost of heating with electricity is about 500 thousand rubles per season.
Radiant heating in the form ceiling panels It is used not only at production facilities, but also, for example, in greenhouses, and even in multi-apartment residential buildings.
A significant difference between such systems is that they heat not only the air, but also the walls, floor, all objects and people in the building. The air is not heated at all and, therefore, does not circulate, which allows employees to avoid allergies or colds.
Among the advantages of ceiling systems, we would highlight the following:
- Such systems have a long service life.
- At the same time, they take up very little space.
- They weigh little, making installation extremely simple and quick. They can also be suitable for any room.
The use of such systems is especially advisable when the amount of electricity is insufficient. Moreover, the rate of heating of the room is also an important factor, and radiant panels are ideal here.
Without a doubt, radiant heaters are best suited for heating industrial buildings.
Video
Heating scheme for industrial premises
Despite the above, we will not use radiant heating for our scheme. The fact is that most of the industrial buildings are still of the Soviet type, with large heat losses. They require the most inexpensive heating option, preferably using alternative fuel.
So, the average volume of such buildings is 5760 cubic meters, and in order to make up for losses, a power of 108 kilowatts per hour is required. These are very approximate figures and depend on a number of factors. Let us only note that we must have another 30% power reserve. Our fuel is wood and pellets.
In order to obtain the power we need, about 40 kilograms of fuel per hour are required, and if in production there is an eight-hour working day (plus an hour break), then 360 kilograms of fuel will be required per day. On average, the heating season is 150 days, which means that in total we will need 54 tons of firewood. But this value is maximum.
Now let's calculate the cost. (see table)
The calculations were based on the fact that we would need 25 tons of fuel for the season. If we heat with gas, then we will need it for 260,000 rubles, and electricity – for the entire 360,000 rubles.
SNiP standards for heating industrial premises
There are quite a lot of general provisions of SNiP, and they are described very extensively. We intend to highlight only their essence.
- Heating of industrial premises should be designed taking into account heat loss, heat consumption for heating air, objects, and equipment. Allowable heat loss– no more than three degrees difference between the temperature inside and outside.
- The maximum permissible coolant parameters are 90 degrees and 1.0 MPa.
- It is advisable to use only water as a coolant; all other materials should be technically justified.
- If heated by electricity, then all equipment must meet the requirements.
- Heating of staircase landings is not designed.
- If there is more than 50 square meters of floor space per employee, then in permanent workplaces there must be the previously indicated temperature, and in non-permanent ones - at least 10 degrees.
- Gas equipment can only be used when combustion products are removed closed.
Heating industrial premises has its own characteristics, because the building area is large, the ceilings are high, and the zone of required thermal comfort is often limited. Water heating, which is most often installed in residential buildings, is not always suitable for heating spacious retail and production areas, warehouses, hangars, etc. It is necessary to ensure that the heat is in the lower part of the premises - at a height of up to 2-3 m. Warm air flows rise upward, and the owners inevitably heat 70-80% of the “extra” volume. How to ensure economical heating of industrial premises?
The area of industrial buildings is hundreds of square meters, so conventional heating systems are ineffective and too expensive
Heating options for spacious non-residential buildings
To heat large areas, three main types of systems are usually used:
- water;
- air;
- radiant.
Water heating refers to systems using radiators. They are beneficial due to the wide selection of heating devices. But at the same time, many premises owners are not satisfied with the irrational use of space, high costs and energy consumption, high thermal inertia. The systems are not suitable for many retail outlets and warehouses, because... radiators take up space near the walls, where it is convenient to place shelving. Air and radiant heating are more popular, so we will consider their arrangement in detail.
Air heating system shopping center
Air heating of industrial premises
This method of heating production areas became popular back in the 70s. The operating principle is based on heating the air with heat generators, water or steam heaters. Air is supplied through collectors to those areas where it is necessary to maintain the desired temperature. To distribute air flows, special distribution heads or louvers are installed. This is far from perfect way heating, it has significant shortcomings, however, it is used quite widely.
Central and zonal systems
Depending on the needs of building owners, it is possible to equip uniform heating of the entire room or individual zones. Central air heating is a device that takes air from outside, heats it and supplies it to the premises. The main disadvantage of this type of system is the inability to regulate the temperature in separate rooms building.
Zone heating allows you to create the desired temperature in each room. For this purpose, a separate heating device(most often a gas convector), which maintains the set temperature. The zone system is economically beneficial because it uses exactly as much energy as is needed for heating, and wasteful expenses are minimized. There is no need to lay air ducts during installation.
An experienced specialist must determine the appropriate type of system and calculate the air heating of the production premises. The following factors are taken into account:
- heat losses;
- required temperature conditions;
- amount of heated air;
- power and type of air heater.
Advantages and disadvantages
Important advantages include quick heating of the air and the ability to combine heating with ventilation. The disadvantage is due to a well-known law of physics: warm air rises. A warmer zone is created under the ceiling than at human height. The difference can be several degrees. For example, in workshops with ceilings 10 m high, the temperature at the bottom can be 16 degrees, and in the upper part of the room - up to 26. To maintain the required thermal regime the system must work constantly. This wasteful energy consumption forces owners to look for other methods of heating buildings.
Scheme of air heating of an industrial premises
Radiant heating - economical systems for large industrial buildings
To heat industrial premises, “light” and “dark” infrared heaters are installed. Natural or liquefied gas is used as a heat source. In buildings where, for some reason, gas equipment cannot be installed, suspended radiant panels are installed.
Features of the operation of different types of infrared heaters
In “light” heaters, gas is burned using a special burner, the surface temperature of which can reach 900 degrees. A hot burner provides the necessary radiation. “Dark” heaters (they are also called “pipe” heaters due to their design) are emitters with reflectors that are designed to direct radiant energy into required zones premises. Tube infrared devices heat up less (up to 500 degrees) and have less harsh radiation, which significantly expands their scope of application.
Suspended radiant panels are universal, they are widely used in category, industrial and warehouse premises of all types. The systems operate using a steam/water intermediate coolant. The water in the devices heats up to 60-120 degrees, and the steam - up to 100-200. Today this is the most convenient and economical way to heat industrial premises and enterprises.
Pros and cons of radiant heating
Infrared heaters have the following undeniable advantages:
- quick heating of rooms (15-20 minutes);
- the possibility of creating warm zones in unheated rooms;
- no energy loss for heating “extra” area”;
- minimal heat loss in systems operating without coolant;
- savings on maintenance, since there is no need to change filters, check, repair pumps, etc.;
- comfortable microclimate: the air does not dry out, the floor heats up and serves as a secondary heat source.
Infrared heaters cannot be installed:
- if the ceiling height is below 4 m;
- in industries where radiation affects product quality or technological processes;
- in premises of fire categories A, B.
How does an infrared heater work?
conclusions
Infrared systems Heating of industrial premises is more economical and convenient to use than air heating. Radiant heating devices do not contribute to the spread of dust, create thermal zones at the height of human growth, and do not dry out the air. The radiation heats the floor, making people in the rooms feel more comfortable. At the same time, there are buildings where radiant heating is not applicable, and for them air heating will be optimal.
Air heating is a method of heating rooms without the participation of a coolant. The implementation of this heating method is possible using direct methods ( heat gun, fan heater, Buleryan stove), and with the help of traditional ones (electric boilers, etc.).
Heating using direct heat sources is relevant for small industrial premises with one room, and heating with traditional heat sources is relevant for premises with several rooms. An air circulation pump is used to pump air.
For large facilities, this method, such as air heating of industrial premises, is one of the most economical and effective ways heating
The calculation of air heating depends on the type of heating scheme chosen and taking into account some nuances, but otherwise differs little from the calculation methods when organizing other heating systems.
Schemes of air heating systems
Depending on where the heat source is located, possible air circuits are divided into two types:
- Central system
- Local system.
Local heating scheme
When the area of the heating system extends to just one room in which the heat center itself is located, the scheme is called local scheme air heating of industrial premises. Calculation and selection of the scheme are made depending on the specifics production facility, taking into account a number of operational requirements.
Central heating circuit
Another name for this circuit is channel. Its meaning is that the air is heated to the required temperature in the thermal center, and then supplied to the premises through air ducts. Thermal installation can be placed both inside and outside the building.
Built according to the central type, in turn, there are recirculation, direct-flow, partially recirculating.
Recirculation system. Requires relatively low initial costs, operating costs are also small.
Used in rooms where air circulation is allowed.
Partial recirculation system. Is over flexible system, is realized due to mechanical impulses of air movement. It is capable of operating in different modes: with partial or complete air replacement. Can work in combination with ventilation units.
Direct flow system. The use of such a system is relevant for rooms in which explosive, toxic or fire hazardous substances are released - in cases where the penetration of these substances into other rooms is unacceptable.
Advantages and disadvantages of air systems
Air heating of industrial premises is in the best possible way heating large spaces due to the fact that:
- Has a high heating speed. If we are talking about water heating of industrial premises, then just the release of water to the radiators and its heating to an acceptable temperature takes at least 3-4 hours. In the case of air heating, heating of the premises occurs very quickly - on average, within 20 minutes from the start of the air heating system.
- Low cost of equipment and materials. their cost differs little from similar water devices, but the cost of wiring is tens of times cheaper for property owners. This is explained by the fact that when organizing a heating system, the use of expensive heating radiators, pipes, taps and fittings is not required. For wiring, aluminum sleeves and ventilation grilles, the cost of which is tens of times lower.
- Immunity to low temperatures. The heating system is not afraid of freezing in the event of a forced shutdown, so production facilities can be turned off without fear of defrosting pipes and heating radiators.
- The organization of air heating is often carried out together with ventilation and air conditioning systems.
- Easy to start the system. To start air heating, there is no need for tedious adjustment of devices, since balancing occurs once during the first start. In the future, the issue of venting air masses is resolved automatically.
Despite the abundance of advantages, the system has some disadvantages.
Here we should talk about the noise of the system, the occurrence of drafts and the need to use air ducts with a large diameter, which are often not economically feasible to hide under the ceiling.
Air heating calculation
Before starting installation work, it is necessary to decide a number of important issues. In particular, air heating of industrial premises, for which calculations need to be made, is carried out depending on:
- volume of heat loss in each individual room;
- material of the building walls and their thickness;
- number of windows and their area;
- type and power of the heating device;
- the number of people who will work in the heated room;
- additional heat sources;
- the required amount of heated air;
- air duct sections;
- possible pressure losses in the system.
As a result of the analysis of these parameters, possible heat losses in kilowatts and the need for the amount of thermal energy for air heating of industrial premises are determined. Given these data, the calculation is simple: it is necessary to compensate for the calculated losses of thermal energy with additional generation.
As a rule, about 700 W of thermal energy is required for every 10 m2. If heat loss exceeds average values, then this figure can reach up to 1 kW for every 10 m2.
Moreover, for premises located in northern regions, the calculation is carried out with an increased coefficient equal to 1.5-2.0.
More on this topic on our website:
Today we'll look at heating system country house, options and prices for the purchase of equipment and installation of the entire system. To begin with, let's make a reservation right away...
If you want to make air heating for a country house, then you have come to the right place. In this material we will look at the most optimal...
Before equipping electric heating for a country house, the options and prices for equipment for which we considered in the previous material...
