New generation double-decker cars from TVZ (photo). Tver Carriage Works - how they make cars for Russian Railways

Russia's largest manufacturer of train cars long distance this year will celebrate its 120th anniversary. Today, Tver Plant develops and produces more than fifty modifications of rolling stock, including double-decker cars for long-distance trains, cars for the subway, the high-speed urban electric train "Ivolga", as well as modern low-floor and almost silent trams "Vityaz". In the anniversary year, the plant plans to produce about one and a half thousand cars and bodies - not only for the domestic market, there are also orders from abroad.

2. Today the Tver plant is the only high-tech enterprise in the country that produces one- and two-decker passenger cars, including for high speed trains. As well as freight and special cars, subway cars, trams and other types of products.

3. Cold press shop. Various parts for cars are produced here on a modern plant plasma cutting: current pulses with a voltage of 5-10 kilovolts create a plasma arc that quickly and with a smooth edge cuts steel with a thickness ranging from fractions of a millimeter to one and a half tens of centimeters.

4. From plasma arc to metal arc. A profile forming unit helps produce arches for the roof of the car.

5. Rolled steel give the required form numerically controlled press brakes.

6. On the profiling line in the cold press shop, profiled sheets are produced for the side wall of the car.

7. One of the tasks of the hardware shop is to protect bolts and other metal products from corrosion. Here, galvanic protective coating is applied to hardware and other parts of cars.

8. Site sandblasting. The parts of the car bogie are polished with abrasive particles under enormous pressure.

9. Employees of the frame and body shop assemble the side walls (“sidewalls”) of single-deck cars.

10. The welder attaches the flooring to the car frame.

11. The surface of the car must be flat and smooth. The process of stripping the side of a car.

12. A very important moment is welding the external seams on the side walls of the body. Automation helps to quickly and consistently create high-quality seams. Installation uses advanced technology cold transfer, it is almost completely free from metal spatter. The result is a durable and beautiful seam.

13. Assembling the roof of the car in the frame and body shop.

15. Automatic welding Roof elements are subject to constant and strict quality control. The lower the deformation from weld points, the better appearance carriages.

16. Welders are working on the roof of the car.

18. Over the past 10 years, the Tver plant has produced more than 7 thousand different passenger cars. The enterprise's capacity allows it to produce over a thousand cars per year.

19. Preparatory work V painting and drying chamber. The surface of the car is covered with polyurethane paint and varnish materials and dried at 60º C.

20. Car assembly shop. The car body is moved using a transborder.

21. A transborder is a device for transferring cars from one section of a workshop to another.

22. Employees of the car assembly shop are ready to install the tilt-sliding door.

23. Before delivery to the technical control department, the last elements of painting are applied to the car.

24. One of key conditions passenger comfort - ventilation system in the carriage interior.

25. Finished products car assembly shop.

26. Passenger and mail cars of various modifications awaiting delivery to customers. The Tver plant has its own railway line with access to the Moscow - St. Petersburg highway.

27. On this line, double-decker cars are assembled - a fundamentally new type of rolling stock for domestic roads for transporting passengers on long distances. The Tver plant has already produced more than 150 such cars.

28. The Tver plant produces rolling stock not only for mainline passenger transportation. A welder works on assembling the head car of the future St. Petersburg metro train.

29. Several years ago, the Tver plant mastered the production of cars for the Moscow metro together with OJSC Metrovagonmash, both enterprises are part of the Russian Transmashholding.

30. Metro cars of the 81-722 “Yubileiny” series were created specifically for the St. Petersburg metro.

33. Finished car body for the subway.

34. Finished body of a subway car.

35. Tver Carriage Works produces bodies for modern low-floor trams.

36. Slipway for assembling tram bodies.

37. Installation of the frame of the tram series 71-931M “Vityaz-M”.

38. Assembly of the Vityaz-M head section for Moscow.

39. Ready-made Vityaz-M. The company in Tver has already produced more than 120 units of trams of this modification of low-floor trams.

40. Foundry.

41. Pouring cast iron for the production of car parts.

43. Trolley workshop.

44. Manufacturing of axles for wheel sets in the bogie shop.

45. Painting the cart.

46. ​​Bogie air spring for the newest urban electric train EG2Tv “Ivolga”. Thanks to advanced solutions, the train developed in Tver accelerates to 160, and in the future, up to 250 km/h.

47. Elements of the interior of the cars are created in the woodworking shop. Aluminum parts are being processed for internal space carriages.

48. Assembling parts of partitions for the interior of the car.

Russia's largest manufacturer of cars for long-distance trains will celebrate its 120th anniversary this year. Today, Tver Plant develops and produces more than fifty modifications of rolling stock, including double-decker cars for long-distance trains, cars for the subway, the high-speed urban electric train "Ivolga", as well as modern low-floor and almost silent trams "Vityaz". In the anniversary year, the plant plans to produce about one and a half thousand cars and bodies - not only for the domestic market, there are also orders from abroad.

1. The Tver plant was founded in 1898. His roots are French-Belgian. The company made its debut with the production of freight cars, but since the beginning of the 20th century it has concentrated on rolling stock for passenger transportation. After the revolution it was nationalized. During the Great Patriotic War, the plant did not have time to be evacuated; it was almost completely destroyed, but the enterprise was quickly restored. In Tver (until 1991 - Kalinin) all cars for Soviet railways were produced.

2. Today, the Tver Plant is the only high-tech enterprise in the country that produces one- and two-story passenger cars, including for high-speed trains. As well as freight and special cars, subway cars, trams and other types of products.

3. Cold press shop. Various parts for cars are produced here on a modern plasma cutting installation: current pulses with a voltage of 5-10 kilovolts create a plasma arc that quickly and with a smooth edge cuts steel with a thickness ranging from fractions of a millimeter to one and a half tens of centimeters.

4. From plasma arc to metal arc. A profile forming unit helps produce arches for the roof of the car.

5. Rolled steel is given the desired shape by numerically controlled press brakes.

6. On the profiling line in the cold press shop, profiled sheets are produced for the side wall of the car.

7. One of the tasks of the hardware shop is to protect bolts and other metal products from corrosion. Here, galvanic protective coating is applied to hardware and other parts of cars.

8. Sandblasting area. The parts of the car bogie are polished with abrasive particles under enormous pressure.

9. Employees of the frame and body shop assemble the side walls (“sidewalls”) of single-deck cars.

10. A welder attaches the flooring to the car frame.

11. The surface of the car must be flat and smooth. The process of stripping the side of a car.

12. A very important moment is welding the external seams on the side walls of the body. Automation helps to quickly and consistently create high-quality seams. The machine uses advanced cold transfer technology and is almost completely free of metal spatter. The result is a durable and beautiful seam.

13. Assembling the car roof in the frame and body shop.

15. Automatic welding of roof elements is accompanied by constant and strict quality control. The lower the deformation from weld points, the better the appearance of the cars.

16. Welders work on the roof of the car.

18. Over the past 10 years, the Tver plant has produced more than 7 thousand different passenger cars. The enterprise's capacity allows it to produce over a thousand cars per year.

19. Preparatory work in the painting and drying chamber. The surface of the car is coated with polyurethane paints and varnishes and dried at 60º C.

20. Car assembly shop. The car body is moved using a transborder.

21. A transborder is a device for transferring cars from one section of a workshop to another.

22. Employees of the car assembly shop are ready to install the tilt-sliding door.

23. Before delivery to the technical control department, the last elements of painting are applied to the car.

24. One of the key conditions for passenger comfort is the ventilation system in the carriage interior.

25. Finished products of the car assembly shop.

26. Passenger and mail cars of various modifications awaiting delivery to customers. The Tver plant has its own railway line with access to the Moscow - St. Petersburg highway.

28. On this line, double-decker cars are assembled - a fundamentally new type of rolling stock for domestic roads for transporting passengers over long distances. The Tver plant has already produced more than 150 such cars.

29. Tver Plant produces rolling stock not only for mainline passenger transportation. A welder works on assembling the head car of the future St. Petersburg metro train.

30. Several years ago, the Tver plant mastered the production of cars for the Moscow metro together with OJSC Metrovagonmash, both enterprises are part of the Russian Transmashholding.

31. Metrocars of the 81-722 “Yubileiny” series were created specifically for the St. Petersburg metro.

34. Ready car body for the subway.

35. The finished subway car body.

36. Tver Carriage Works produces bodies for modern low-floor trams.

37. Building berth for assembling tram bodies.

38. Installation of the frame of the tram series 71-931M "Vityaz-M".

39. Assembly of the Vityaz-M head section for Moscow.

40. Ready Vityaz-M. The company in Tver has already produced more than 120 units of trams of this modification of low-floor trams.

41. Foundry.

42. Pouring cast iron for the production of car parts.

44. Trolley workshop.

45. Manufacturing axles for wheel sets in the bogie shop.

46. Cart painting.

47. Bogie air spring for the newest urban electric train EG2TV "Ivolga". Thanks to advanced solutions, the train developed in Tver accelerates to 160, and in the future, up to 250 km/h.

48. The interior elements of the cars are created in the woodworking shop. Processing of aluminum parts for the interior of the cars is underway.

49. Assembling parts of partitions for the interior of the car.

50. Shelves, tables and other elements in cars on railway they are also called furniture. And they make it in a woodworking shop.

51. Internal surfaces carriages are covered with polyester powder paints on an automated line.

52. How neat and high-quality the carriage furniture will look is the area of ​​special responsibility of the sewing department.

54. Processing of parts on a milling processing center in repair and tool production.

55. The energy “heart” of the plant is the boiler shop.

56. Tver Carriage Works in beginning of XXI century experienced a serious crisis, in order to save a unique production for Russia, the government of the country took a number of urgent measures (limiting the purchase of cars abroad, subsidies from Russian Railways for the purchase of domestic products, abolition of VAT on long-distance transportation - with the condition that carriers will use the freed up resources for purchase of new rolling stock Russian production).

57. State support has had an effect: the Tver plant today receives a stable profit and is developing new types of products.

Tver Carriage Works. The largest production enterprise in Russia and the CIS various types passenger cars and components for them. The main supplier of cars for JSC Russian Railways (and its subsidiary - JSC FPK). The company is part of Transmashholding. The existing production areas and technological capacities allow simultaneous work on the production of several models of passenger cars, as well as various types of freight cars and railcars special purpose(they weren’t allowed to film in one workshop; they said something secret was being assembled there).

1. The plant was founded in 1898 by the French-Belgian joint-stock company “Dil and Bacalan” under the name “Verkhnevolzhsky Plant of Railway Materials”. In 1915, it was renamed the Tver Russian-Baltic Carriage Works, and after nationalization (in 1918) - the Tver Carriage Works. In the period from 1931 to the 1990s it was called the Kalinin Carriage Works.
2. From the first years of the 20th century, the era of passenger carriage construction began at the plant. In Tver, four-axle sleeping cars are produced for the joint-stock company “International Society of Sleeping Cars and High-Speed ​​European Trains,” as well as passenger cars of all four classes, double-decker cars, service cars with salons and sleeping compartments, and passenger cars for countries with hot climates. On archival photography double-decker carriage created at TVZ in 1905
3. The plant has a huge area in Tver, and in fact it is the only large operating enterprise in this city. On the territory you can see buildings of various eras and types. For example, in the photograph you see the most old building - wooden frame water tower local boiler room. It has been standing since the 19th century.
4. But we start our tour from the woodworking workshop. Now, in a modern carriage, very little wood is used, but previously almost the entire carriage was made of wood. The wood (or rather, it is a wood board) that is currently in use is impregnated special compounds from burning and rotting. Alas, this did not happen right away and several large fires, and then tests showed that the old cars burned out in just a few minutes. But that's how it was. Now the rules fire safety draconian, and the manufacturer is obliged to follow them. Well, the equipment today is not what it used to be, just look at this CNC machine. Replaces more than 8 classic woodworking machines. Parts of any configuration are processed in a matter of minutes, the accuracy is the highest, which, accordingly, affects the accuracy and speed of assembly of finished cars.
5. Now almost all the internal filling of the car is produced in this workshop. The material used, along with plywood board and fire-resistant wood, is plastic, aluminum profile and others. modern materials. But the name was kept historical.
6. For example, if I'm not mistaken, these are plastic facing internal panels. They will be installed inside the car on the side walls on top of the double-glazed windows.
7. A worker applies superglue to compartment doors. rubber seals. It’s about half past 12 in the morning, and he’s already used up so many tubes of glue.
8. The plant has carried out and is modernizing its machine park. The company has a huge number of modern CNC machines. And this picture with the remote control immediately reminded me of this.
9. On the machine, four are sawed simultaneously metal profiles, which will later become part of the internal equipment of the car.
10. Now let’s go through and see how the metal parts of the future carriage are made. For example, this part was produced on a press. The bending accuracy is clearly controlled by an inclinometer.
11. This is a sheet of metal after plasma cutting. There are three such installations at the plant. There are 14 more laser complexes - for cutting sheet metal. In the foreground: the sides of the cart frames were cut out here. Then there are some other little things. The remaining sheets after cutting will be sent for melting. And back to work. In general, the plant treats metal waste very carefully, and everything goes back to work.
12. Stamping machines. Some small fittings and parts, when the quantity used is large, are not profitable to make using new technologies (expensive and less productive), so they use such a machine park. And next to it stands an old press from very shaggy years. But in absolutely working condition. They decided to keep it in production as a working monument. A kind of “player coach”.
13. Parts are painted with powder paints on an automatic line, but with mandatory visual control and touch-up of complex surfaces with manual sprayers.
14. According to a representative of the plant, even in not the most successful years, great importance was paid to labor protection and the tools and materials used in work. Honestly, it was hard to believe right away, but what I saw in the workshops confirms this.
15. Now it's time to make the frames for the undercarriages. First, the prepared sheets of metal are joined into special devices and tacked by welding.
16. Next, the automatic robot welder comes into play. It was with these machines that the global modernization of welding equipment began many years ago. Hard to reach places boiled by hand.
17. Almost finished cart frame. Since the quality of the trolley and wheel sets is the safety of passengers, the quality requirements are the highest. Moreover, the part is marked with the personal mark of everyone who worked with it. And who checked and controlled. All this data is then stored throughout the operation of the trolley and wheel sets.
18. In the foreground is a stack of bogie frames for the subway car 81-760/761 “Oka”. TVZ makes them for Metrowagonmash.
19. Very smart machine finishing trolley frames. Checked with special sensors dimensions and axles. New coordinates are measured from these axes, holes are drilled, and edges are processed. Those. if, for example, the bracket was welded with an offset of a couple of millimeters, then the machine will recognize this and a hole in the bracket will be drilled regardless of this in the right place.
20. Now production of wheelsets. The axle itself is turned on site; for railway wheels, which come to TVZ from various factories, including the Vyksa Metallurgical Plant, the mounting hole (wheel hub) is bored.
21. Attaching the wheel to the axle. There is a hot and cold method nozzles Cold is used here. The inner diameter of the hole in the wheel is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the axle. And the wheel is pressed onto the axle with a given force. The process is recorded by a special control device with a graphical recording of the pressing diagram.
22. The finished wheelsets are sent for bogie assembly.
23. A finished bogie of a new design for a passenger car with disc brakes.
24. And this is the old, familiar trolley design. It is now produced at a neighboring enterprise in Tver.
25. Press for hot forging. It produces parts using special stamps complex shape from billets preheated in gas ovens red hot

26. Now let’s go to the foundry. In this nondescript photo you see a literal technical revolution in the foundry business. If you need to cast a simple part without cavities inside, then it’s all simple. But what if the part is complex and there are cavities and channels inside? There are two options. In the first case, a wax internal model is placed inside the flask. It gives the internal structure and when the metal is poured, it melts and flows out. But you can do simple things this way. What if it’s complicated? Then the internal cavities are formed using sand models. Previously, they were compacted by hand, and one person could do about a dozen per day, since the work is very painstaking and requires high precision and everything by hand. Now sand models are made by machine. The result of her work is in the photo. Every minute and a half, two sand models pop up. And then, after the part hardens, the sand of the model is destroyed on the vibration stand and spills out of the part.

27. Bottom part flasks with an installed sand model.
28. Issuance of cast iron.
29. The ladle is quite small, since a certain temperature of the metal is required to ensure the quality of the casting - a large number of There is no time to pour the metal into the flasks; the cooling time is limited
30. They manage to fill several flasks and go back to dispensing cast iron.
31. Finished parts foundry and surface treatment.
32. Now let's go look at the body assembly. First, the car frame is welded on special slipways. Undercarriage equipment is installed and communications are laid.
33. In parallel with the assembly of body frames, car sidewalls are manufactured on a special line. The assembly and welding process is as automated as possible and is carried out with minimal human intervention.
34. The roof sheathing is first welded in flat view, then it is turned over and given a semicircular shape on a special stand. The arches are welded and the roof takes on shape and rigidity.
35. Finally, all parts of the body (frame, sides, end walls and roof) are joined together into a finished product - the basis of the future carriage.
36. First, all incoming components and parts are tacked.
37. Next, all horizontal external seams are welded automatic installations. But the rest - by hand.
38. That's it, the carriage is almost ready. At least its frame. As you can see, even a heater (or rather, a boiler) is already installed here.
39. Car after application thermal insulation coating and flooring. .::clickable::.
41. Assembly is carried out at positions - only certain actions are performed at each. Then the car moves to the next position. They come here already painted.
42. The car after installing almost everything internal systems. Now it’s time to install partitions and mount what the passenger will ultimately see. .::clickable::.

43. The plant is the main supplier of passenger cars for the subsidiary of Russian Railways - the Federal Passenger Company. But the company's product range is very extensive. .::clickable::.44. New carriages with seating are now included in permanent trains, including branded ones.

45. The full production cycle of a wagon takes about 70 days. For a double-decker carriage this figure is about 100 days. This is the period from the manufacture of the first part to the finished car. In the car assembly shop directly during assembly finished product On average, a carriage spends 12 days.
46. ​​The main (left) line is occupied by serial cars for Russian Railways. On the middle one this time there were staff and dining cars. And the right line is occupied by other projects. At the time of filming, these were sleeping cars for international traffic (RIC size) - a joint project of TVZ and Siemens. .::clickable::.47. And cars for the railways of Kazakhstan.
48. Since 2008, 2,800 different cars have been supplied for the needs of Russian Railways. These new cars are used as a priority for the formation and renewal of branded and fast trains. .::clickable::.49. I won’t show you an ordinary compartment carriage, as there are already a lot of photographs. But the presence of an outlet in the compartment is very pleasing.
50. And this is a lift for the disabled in the staff car.
51. There is a special compartment and toilet for them only in this carriage. Look how the passage has been widened so that the stroller can pass through.
52. Now all bodies are made of stainless steel. The last production car made of ordinary carbon steel is on display at the plant's exhibition site. Occasionally, if the customer wishes, the plant fulfills orders for cars using old technology. But for the customer this is a double-edged sword. The difference in the price of a wagon with a body from of stainless steel and ordinary - less than a million rubles. And the service life of a stainless steel car is 40 years versus 28. By the way, I learned a secret at the plant that had been bothering me for a long time. You see the inscription “mileage - 450” on the end of the car. This means that an additional metal layer of increased strength is deposited on the surface of the automatic coupler and buffers, which ensures that the cars can run for at least 450 thousand km without replacing these wearing parts.
53. Double-decker car developed at the initiative of Russian Railways. So much has already been written about him that I won’t go into detail. The first one in the photo prototype, a prototype on which the plant tested and mastered the design and technology of this innovative product. To the credit of the plant, it must be said that this prototype was manufactured in just 8 months from the start of design - from the first line on the drawing. Few competitors, even world market capable of putting a completely new product into production in such a short time.
54. The first metro car produced at the plant. At first, “Oka” was assembled in Mytishchi, then part of the order was sent to Tver. It was done. Now at TVZ they only make frames for metro trolleys.
55. Sleeping cars of RIC size for international services - a joint project of TVZ and Siemens commissioned by Russian Railways. Pay attention to the wide surfaces of the end accordions.
56. Let’s take a closer look at this carriage. Coupe - in general, everything is familiar.
57. And this is how the door from the compartment opens. It's surprising that it's mirrored from the inside, but open form she is blocking the passage. Not entirely successful, in my opinion constructive solution, although the design was developed by one of the grandees of the world carriage building - the Siemens company.
58. Each carriage has a shower.
59. And the washbasin under the table. But there is no opener under it. :)
60. Panorama of the plant. Motor transport workshop and railway lines with finished products. Behind the scenes were paint shops, a climate testing station, a central factory laboratory and much more. But there are already a lot of photographs. And by 2030, Russian Railways will purchase 16.5 thousand cars for 774.5 billion rubles, of which 2 thousand in the next three years. .::clickable::.

Many thanks to the press service of the Tver Carriage Works and all its employees for their patience and help in preparing the material!

OJSC Tver Carriage Works (TVZ) is an enterprise with a century-old history, but modern production. They are capable of assembling 1,200 carriages of two hundred models and modifications per year - record figures for Russia. The company is part of the Transmashholding structure.

Prerequisites for creation

In the middle of the 19th century, rapid construction of railways began in Russia. Over 1,500 km of tracks were introduced annually. However, at that time there was only one large locomotive and carriage building plant operating in the empire in St. Petersburg - Aleksandrovsky. He was also involved in the repair of rolling stock. Naturally, its capacity was not enough; it was necessary to purchase cars and railway equipment abroad.

As practice has shown, Western European-style cars were not very suitable for Russian conditions. They were of an inappropriate design and were not insulated. Some even had no brakes. In the 1890s, the government passed a number of laws encouraging railroads to purchase rolling stock from domestic companies. Favorable economic conditions To develop this line of business, foreign investments poured into the country.

Birth

On September 23, 1896, French and Belgian industrialists entered into an agreement with the Tver authorities to lease a plot of land for the construction of the Tver Carriage Plant. The city of Tver, located between Moscow and St. Petersburg, was ideal place for a new enterprise. Two years later (08/25/1898), director Libke was awarded a certificate of the right to work, this date is the plant’s birthday.

At the time of opening, it was one of the most advanced production facilities in Russia. Foreign industrialists did not skimp: they purchased best equipment and tools, powerful steam engines made it possible to achieve high productivity. The new cars of the Tver Carriage Works were different high quality and enviable technical characteristics. Thanks to the launch of the enterprise, electricity appeared in Tver - one of the steam units provided the townspeople with electricity.

Pre-revolutionary period

By 1899, the first batch of 13 covered freight cars, capable of transporting up to 12.5 tons of cargo each, was ready. These were so-called dual-use products. In case of war, they were easily converted to transport personnel (40 people or 8 horses) or military cargo.

With the advent of the 20th century, the Tver Carriage Works switched to the production of passenger cars of all possible classes: from double-deckers for settlers setting out to explore the expanses of Siberia and Far East to luxurious 26-meter “salons” for the elite, including the royal family. The main products were sleeping cars for high-speed trains. In 1915, the Tver and Riga plants merged.

Time for a change

The October Revolution interfered with the development plans of the enterprise. In 1918 it was nationalized, and in 1921 it was mothballed. Work at the plant resumed in 1925. Instead of two-axle freight cars, the assembly of four-axle ones has begun, which has significantly increased their carrying capacity.

In 1931, Tver was renamed Kalinin, and accordingly the Tver Carriage Works was renamed Kalininsky. A year later, construction began on a huge workshop almost a kilometer long, where the assembly of rolling stock was subsequently established. By this time, the production employed over 6,500 workers, and productivity was 10 times higher than in 1913. In 1937 alone, the company produced 418 passenger and 5,736 heavy-duty freight cars.

War

After the German attack on the USSR, the plant switched to the production of purely military products: ambulance trains, ammunition, mortars. However, the city was soon occupied by the German army, and there was no time to remove the equipment. Most of the workshops were destroyed.

On January 3, 1942, after a successful counteroffensive, the city of Kalinin was liberated. A resolution was immediately approved to urgently restore production. By the fall of 1943, the Kalinin Carriage Works had become one of the largest operating factories in the Central region of the country. 18 types of products for the front were produced here.

Post-war development

Even before the war, engineers of the Kalinin (Tver) Carriage Plant developed a unique, comfortable all-metal passenger car for long-distance trains. In 1950, work in this area was resumed, and already in 1951 the company switched to their production.

Implementation new products required major change technological process, quality requirements welding work have increased many times over. For the first time in the USSR, specialists developed a special gantry welding machine for welding car roof arches, flooring and side walls.

By 1965, the plant was already producing 11 modifications of passenger cars (instead of one in 1959). On some models, for the first time in the practice of railway workers, air conditioners were installed, which were powered by electricity generated by a special power plant that was part of the train. Such systems were used in the south of the country, mainly in Central Asia.

At high speeds

By the 60s, the question of increasing the speed of trains became urgent. In 1965, the Aurora series express train was built. It was capable of delivering passengers from Moscow to Leningrad in less than 5 hours - unimaginable speeds at that time. However, the experts did not stop there. Together with scientists, a project was developed to build a turbojet train driven by two aircraft engines.

The experimental model was tested for many years on public routes, reaching speeds of up to 250 km/h. It turned out that he was capable of moving much faster, but the condition of the railways did not allow him to accelerate above the specified limit. The data obtained made it possible to subsequently design the RT-200 express train, called the “Russian Troika”. Although its operational speed was 200 km/h, it was also capable of ideally reaching 250 km/h. This train became the pride of the factory workers.

Today's day

In the 90s, OJSC Tver Carriage Works experienced stagnation. The volume of orders decreased many times over, but the factory workers found their market niche: for the first time in their history, they began to produce compartment cars, which had previously been purchased in Germany. The first product, model 61-820, was introduced in 1993. The demand for traditional products gradually warmed up: passenger, mail and luggage, staff, cargo, special, etc.

Other products are also produced along the way. For example, trams from the Tver Carriage Works travel around Moscow and other major cities countries.

Since the 90s, work has been underway to design and improve high-speed cars (over 200 km/h) with a flat body side. For the centenary anniversary of the enterprise in 1998, the first sample of model 61-4170 was manufactured. New developments have been applied to the design:

• increased strength and durability due to a corrosion-resistant steel frame;
• improved smoothness;
• many processes are automated and controlled by a central computer;
• dry toilets have been installed.

These cars were used in the formation of branded express trains “Red Arrow”, “Burevestnik”, “Nevsky Express” and others.

Today, the railway sector is on the rise. Russian Railways is renewing its fleet of locomotives, carriages and special equipment. The main burden of responsibility falls on TVZ, as the industry leader. In 2008, after many years of hard work, production of a new generation of rolling stock began. Thanks to the modernization program, productivity for last years doubled in number of cars in the early 2000s, to 1200 currently).

Since 2009, within the framework of cooperation with the Siemens Corporation, the development and construction of RIC luxury coupe cars with a transformable interior has been underway. These products can be used on a track Russian standard(1520 mm) and European (1435 mm).

Also, since 2009, new double-decker cars have been produced for Russia, which the citizens of the country have already fallen in love with. By the way, this is the own development of car manufacturers from Tver.

Workshops and their description

Tver Carriage Works is one of the few domestic enterprises where they create and build cars for high-speed traffic. Naturally, their production requires innovative technologies And modern equipment. The technological capacity is designed to assemble over 1000 cars, of various modifications, including single copies.

Production consists of a number of areas. The main workshops include:

• Car assembly. Here, the final assembly of railway equipment is carried out from components created in other areas.
• Frame-body, Trolley (production of frames and trolleys).
• Woodworking, furniture (production wooden structures, products, decorative elements).
• Foundry, Forging and pressing, Cold pressing (receiving metal structures complex shapes).
• Small-scale (execution of single special orders).

Auxiliary workshops:

• Instrumental.
• Painting.
• Electric power.
• Boiler room
• Motor transport.
• Mechanical repair.
• Experimental.
• Experienced products.

Tver Carriage Works: reviews

The company is one of the largest employers in the Tver region. A large volume of orders allows us to guarantee decent and timely payment. Employees note high social standards at production. Employees in need are provided with a place in a dormitory. Surprisingly, lunch at the plant is free, and the food, according to reviews, is good. The work at the company is hard, but highly paid. The administration requires strict discipline.

Tver Carriage Works Address: 170003, Russian Federation, Tver city, Petersburg highway, bldg. 45-B.

Russia's largest manufacturer of cars for long-distance trains will celebrate its 120th anniversary this year. Today, Tver Plant develops and produces more than fifty modifications of rolling stock, including double-decker cars for long-distance trains, cars for the subway, the high-speed urban electric train "Ivolga", as well as modern low-floor and almost silent trams "Vityaz". In the anniversary year, the plant plans to produce about one and a half thousand cars and bodies - not only for the domestic market, there are also orders from abroad.

1. The Tver plant was founded in 1898. His roots are French-Belgian. The company made its debut with the production of freight cars, but since the beginning of the 20th century it has concentrated on rolling stock for passenger transportation. After the revolution it was nationalized. During the Great Patriotic War, the plant did not have time to be evacuated; it was almost completely destroyed, but the enterprise was quickly restored. In Tver (until 1991 - Kalinin) all cars for Soviet railways were produced.

2. Today, the Tver Plant is the only high-tech enterprise in the country that produces one- and two-story passenger cars, including for high-speed trains. As well as freight and special cars, subway cars, trams and other types of products.

3. Cold press shop. Various parts for cars are produced here on a modern plasma cutting installation: current pulses with a voltage of 5-10 kilovolts create a plasma arc that quickly and with a smooth edge cuts steel with a thickness ranging from fractions of a millimeter to one and a half tens of centimeters.

4. From plasma arc to metal arc. A profile forming unit helps produce arches for the roof of the car.

5. Rolled steel is given the desired shape by numerically controlled press brakes.

6. On the profiling line in the cold press shop, profiled sheets are produced for the side wall of the car.

7. One of the tasks of the hardware shop is to protect bolts and other metal products from corrosion. Here, galvanic protective coating is applied to hardware and other parts of cars.

8. Sandblasting area. The parts of the car bogie are polished with abrasive particles under enormous pressure.

9. Employees of the frame and body shop assemble the side walls (“sidewalls”) of single-deck cars.

10. A welder attaches the flooring to the car frame.

11. The surface of the car must be flat and smooth. The process of stripping the side of a car.

12. A very important moment is welding the external seams on the side walls of the body. Automation helps to quickly and consistently create high-quality seams. The machine uses advanced cold transfer technology and is almost completely free of metal spatter. The result is a durable and beautiful seam.

13. Assembling the car roof in the frame and body shop.

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15. Automatic welding of roof elements is accompanied by constant and strict quality control. The lower the deformation from weld points, the better the appearance of the cars.

16. Welders work on the roof of the car.

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18. Over the past 10 years, the Tver plant has produced more than 7 thousand different passenger cars. The enterprise's capacity allows it to produce over a thousand cars per year.

19. Preparatory work in the painting and drying chamber. The surface of the car is coated with polyurethane paints and varnishes and dried at 60º C.

20. Car assembly shop. The car body is moved using a transborder.

21. A transborder is a device for transferring cars from one section of a workshop to another.

22. Employees of the car assembly shop are ready to install the tilt-sliding door.

23. Before delivery to the technical control department, the last elements of painting are applied to the car.

24. One of the key conditions for passenger comfort is the ventilation system in the carriage interior.

25. Finished products of the car assembly shop.

26. Passenger and mail cars of various modifications awaiting delivery to customers. The Tver plant has its own railway line with access to the Moscow - St. Petersburg highway.

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28. On this line, double-decker cars are assembled - a fundamentally new type of rolling stock for domestic roads for transporting passengers over long distances. The Tver plant has already produced more than 150 such cars.

29. Tver Plant produces rolling stock not only for mainline passenger transportation. A welder works on assembling the head car of the future St. Petersburg metro train.

30. Several years ago, the Tver plant mastered the production of cars for the Moscow metro together with OJSC Metrovagonmash, both enterprises are part of the Russian Transmashholding.

31. Metrocars of the 81-722 “Yubileiny” series were created specifically for the St. Petersburg metro.

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34. Ready car body for the subway.

35. The finished subway car body.

36. Tver Carriage Works produces bodies for modern low-floor trams.

37. Building berth for assembling tram bodies.

38. Installation of the frame of the tram series 71-931M "Vityaz-M".

39. Assembly of the Vityaz-M head section for Moscow.

40. Ready Vityaz-M. The company in Tver has already produced more than 120 units of trams of this modification of low-floor trams.

41. Foundry.

42. Pouring cast iron for the production of car parts.

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44. Trolley workshop.

45. Manufacturing axles for wheel sets in the bogie shop.

46. Cart painting.

47. Bogie air spring for the newest urban electric train EG2TV "Ivolga". Thanks to advanced solutions, the train developed in Tver accelerates to 160, and in the future, up to 250 km/h.

48. The interior elements of the cars are created in the woodworking shop. Processing of aluminum parts for the interior of the cars is underway.

49. Assembling parts of partitions for the interior of the car.

50. Shelves, tables and other elements in railway cars are also called furniture. And they make it in a woodworking shop.

51. The internal surfaces of the cars are coated with polyester powder paints on an automated line.

52. How neat and high-quality the carriage furniture will look is the area of ​​special responsibility of the sewing department.

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54. Processing of parts on a milling processing center in repair and tool production.

55. The energy “heart” of the plant is the boiler shop.

56. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Tver Carriage Works experienced a serious crisis; in order to save a unique production for Russia, the government of the country took a number of urgent measures (limiting the purchase of cars abroad, Russian Railways subsidies for the purchase of domestic products, abolition of VAT on long-distance transportation - with the condition that carriers will use the freed up resources to purchase new Russian-made rolling stock).

57. State support has had an effect: the Tver plant today receives a stable profit and is developing new types of products.