The two planets closest to earth. The closest planet to Earth. Venus and Mars are Earth's two closest neighbors. Planets are giants

Many people believe that the Moon is a planet that is located very close to the Earth. On the one hand, this is actually true, but from the point of view of astronomers, the Moon is a satellite of the Earth, and not a separate planet. The closest “neighbor” of the Earth is mysterious planet Venus, she is also called the Morning Star. Venus is considered the second planet in the solar system. She is named after the ancient goddess of love. According to astrologers, Venus is the patron saint of all lovers.

Venus is the closest planet to Earth

The planet closest to earth is very similar to its celestial “sister”: it has almost the same mass and the same dimensions. The dense fog that shrouded the planet does not eliminate hope that there is still water on Venus. And as we know, water is life! Astronomers still hope that in the future expeditions to Venus will be made and earthlings will learn about mysterious plants, unusually beautiful flowers, and will be able to meet amazing creatures. As they say, there is no harm in dreaming!

However, science has been able to dispel naive ideas. The first devices that were heading towards the planet burned up in the atmosphere without reaching the desired location. Despite this, scientists were still drawn to Venus and sent to the surface again and again by space stations. After research carried out in the sixties of the 20th century, scientists acquired invaluable information about the neighboring planet. The atmosphere of Venus consists of 97% carbon dioxide and 3% nitrogen, and its temperature is over 400 degrees.

Venus, unlike Earth, rotates faster around the Sun. It takes 225 Earth days to complete a revolution. But it takes 243 times longer to rotate around its axis. It rotates, like Uranus, clockwise. The Earth, like all the other planets in the solar system, does this in the opposite direction. This means that both day and night on the mysterious planet Venus are equal to 58 Earth days.

Our Galaxy is a huge unknown world, the secrets of which even the most experienced scientists cannot comprehend. People study space, the solar system and its planets every day, and many discoveries have already been made that can answer the questions that plague young researchers. For example, what is the closest planet to Earth and how is it different from the others? Today there is no doubt that this is Venus, which is not so difficult to see in the night sky, because it is one of the brightest cosmic objects and is second only to the Sun and our satellite the Moon.

Most of the planets in the solar system are named after Roman gods, and Venus is no exception. But she alone was awarded a female name, signifying the goddess of beauty, love and prosperity. Surely this name of the planet is connected with the mystery and enigma with which it has been surrounded since the very moment of its discovery. In addition, it is often identified with the sister of the Earth, since it has some properties similar to our planet.

Galileo Galilei became the first scientist to study Venus through a regular telescope. Later, when more powerful instruments, telescopes, became available to mankind, astronomers were able to track the phases of the planet and correlate them with the phases of the Moon. Then the study of Venus was continued by Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, whose achievements include the discovery of the atmosphere. It was our academician who first noticed that when a planet passes in front of the Sun, a light iris appears around it, the pressure of which reaches 90 atmospheres.

The total length of the atmosphere of Venus is 5500 km. Its upper layer is represented by hydrogen; nitrogen is also found with shades of oxygen, argon, carbon monoxide and sulfuric anhydride. Due to the greenhouse effect, the lower layers of the surface are heated to 480 ° C, which breaks all records set in the solar system. For comparison, on Earth this figure is 35 ° C, and on Mars – 9 ° C.

The pressure of the atmosphere, as mentioned above, is unusually high, which is due to the content of very heavy substances in it. On Earth, such pressure can be found deep underwater (at least 90 m), and it will immediately lead to the flattening of a person. In addition, a huge amount of toxins and poisonous gases in the atmosphere is harmful to people. That is, terrestrial cosmonauts cannot stay on the surface of Venus due to the physiological properties of the body. Scientists suggest that on the surface of the Earth before evolution, as well as on Venus, the existence of living bodies was excluded.

The structure of the planet is no different from the earth's: it consists of a core, mantle and crust. At the same time, the thinnest layer, the crust, goes 20 km deep, and the widest, the core, has a radius of 3200 km. The mantle extends over 2800 km and is a molten binder. Venus does not create a magnetic field, which contradicts the size of its core. The only explanation that scientists give for this phenomenon is the insufficient rotation speed of the planet.

At the moment, 1,600 active volcanoes have been discovered on Venus, due to the activity of which it is not possible to talk about the origin of life here. The dense atmosphere and incredibly high temperature are the main reasons that astronauts have not yet been able to land on this planet, and this is unlikely to be possible in the future.

The Earth's sister has a direction of motion around its axis that is unusual for other objects in the Solar System. As a rule, all celestial bodies rotate around their axis in the same direction as around the Sun, that is, from west to east. However, Venus makes this rotation, called retrograde by astronomers, from east to west. However, it is not unique in this - Uranus is also distinguished by its “reverse” rotation.

The time for a complete revolution of Venus around the Sun is 225 Earth days. It takes a little more time to complete a revolution around its axis - 243 Earth days. Due to such slow rotation rates, it is impossible to talk about the same change of day and night here as on Earth.

According to researchers studying Venus, after its formation it was almost completely covered with water, which gradually began to evaporate and transfer carbonic anhydrite from its composition into the atmosphere. This process has affected the current appearance of the planet, and now there is no longer water on it, but there is increased temperature and a greenhouse effect.

The general appearance of the landscape of Venus is petrified desert plains, depressions, mountains, hills and hills. The evaporated reservoirs left behind only giant basins. Thanks to nearby automatic interplanetary stations, astronomers have determined that there are still active volcanoes on the planet, but most of them are extremely active.

Venus was studied by both Soviet space stations (Venera-15, Venera-16) and the American one (Magelan). The latter managed to record almost the entire planet on maps. As the scan progressed, not only volcanoes were identified, but also thousands of mountains and craters. By correlating the height and size of some elevated points, and calculating the average level of the plains, scientists found that there are two continents on Venus - the land of Ishtar (the area is similar to the territory occupied by the United States) and the land of Aphrodite (the total size reaches the size of the continent of Africa). The attractions of each of them were even identified: Ishtar boasts the highest peaks of the planet - Mount Maxwell (about 11 km), and Aphrodite - the huge extinct volcano Maat.

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In Roman mythology, goddess of love and beauty

Soviet automatic interplanetary station

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Milo-sculpture by S. Dali with drawers

Armless beauty from the Louvre

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Goddess of love in ancient Roman mythology

Goddess of love and beauty

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In ancient Roman mythology - the goddess of love and beauty

In some Italian cities this goddess was revered as Frutis

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All, with few exceptions, objects on this planet are named after women.

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Feminine name: (Latin) name of the ancient Roman goddess of love

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Painting by the French painter P. Prudhon "... and Adonis"

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Previously it was thought that these were two different planets

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The conquest of this planet is described in the novel by the Strugatsky brothers “The Land of Crimson Clouds”

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A black desert planet with poisonous winds and acrid clouds, named after love

An ancient Roman girl sacrificed her toys to this goddess when she got married.

Julius Caesar revered this goddess as the ancestor of the Julian family

> > > The closest planet to Earth

Which planet is closest to Earth: Mercury, Venus and Mars. Description of the orbits of the terrestrial planets of the Solar System with photos, distances to Earth, closest approach.

Located 41 million km from Earth Venus is closest planet to Earth.

We know that the planets in our system have stable positions. But which one is closest to Earth? And this is not simple curiosity. After all, we are considering the possibility of colonizing other planets, so why not choose the closest one?

The closest neighborhood is established with Venus, which is also called the earthly sister and neighbor. The planets are similar in mass, presence of atmosphere and residence in the habitable zone.

The orbit of the planet Venus closest to Earth

Venus is 108,208,000 km away from our star the Sun. But depending on the orbital path, the distance can range from 107,477,000 km (perihelion) to 108,939,000 km (aphelion). You can see that the difference is negligible, so its orbit is almost circular (eccentricity less than 0.01).

Its closest approach occurs at a position between us and the Sun and is equivalent to 41 million km. This repeats approximately every 584 days. But the earth's eccentricity is changing, so the minimum distance will increase.

Is the closest planet to Earth Venus or Mars?

Let's not forget that our beloved Red Planet lives relatively nearby. The average distance of Mars from the Sun is 227,939,200 km. But here there is a high eccentric orbit index (0.0934), which is why it changes from 206,700,000 km to 249,200,000 km. This is one of the most eccentric orbits in the system.

In order for the Earth and Mars to get closer, they need to be located on the same side of the star: Mars is at perihelion, and Earth is at aphelion. This is the moment of opposition.

But the distance is not stable and can fluctuate. In 2003 it amounted to 56 million km. The shortest one should be expected in 20178 – 57.6 million km. If we take into account the closest approach, then it was 54.9 million km, but then there was no one to document it.

Exploring the closest planet to Earth

Yes, Venus is close to us, but its study faces a huge number of problems. The dense atmospheric layer simply does not allow visual observation. The surface could only be seen by radar imaging and the landing of several vehicles.

The first attempts came in the 1960s. from the USSR. In 1963, the Venera 3 spacecraft landed on the surface. A series of probes followed, but the maximum survival time in hellish conditions was 127 minutes.

NASA used Mariner for missions. The second attempt in 1962 was successful, as the probe flew over the planet at a distance of 34,833 km. In the late 70s, the USSR actively sent its scouts, who stayed on the planet for a short time, but sent a lot of valuable information and even pictures. At the same time, Pioneer devices were used in the USA.

In 1985, the USSR teamed up with European scientists for the Vega program. This mission was supposed to track the passage of Halley's Comet and travel to Venus. They were dropped into the atmosphere and the weather conditions were recorded.

In 1989, Magellan went to Venus with his radar. It spent 4.5 years in orbit and imaged 98% of the surface and 95% of the gravitational field. In the end, he was sent to his death in the atmosphere to obtain density data.

Galileo and Cassini observed Venus in passing. And in 2007 they sent MESSENGER, which was able to make some measurements on the way to Mercury. The atmosphere and clouds were also monitored by the Venus Express probe in 2006. The mission ended in 2014.

The Japanese agency JAXA sent the Akatsuki probe in 2010, but it failed to enter orbit. Despite its proximity, Venus is not very hospitable. But NASA, Roscosmos and India's ISRO are planning future joint missions.

A >> The closest planet to Earth

Closest planet to Earth: Mars or Venus. Read the description of the orbits of the planets around the Sun in solar system with a photo and find out which one is closest.

Venus and Mars are the closest planets to Earth, therefore, their existence has been known since ancient times. Venus is located in the 2nd position from the Sun, and Mars is in the 4th position. But right now we're focused on the Red Planet because we've found hints of life there.

Distances to the planet closest to Earth

The distance from Earth to Mars is 78,340,000 km, and between us and Venus is 41,400,000 km. Venus is 108,200,000 km away from the Sun, Earth is 149,600,000 km, and Mars is 227,940,000 km. That is, if we place a star in one of the corners of the room, then Venus will be two steps away, and Pluto will be 100 steps away.

Venus

The planet rotates in the opposite direction (retrograde Venus), and its dangerous atmosphere destroys probes and all living things. Consists of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The size of Earth and Venus are almost identical. But a second planet appears to be our future if global warming predictions come true. Temperatures on Venus rise to 462°C, and the surface is covered in volcanoes.

Mars

Mars is a cool desert where temperatures drop from -87°C to -5°C. In parameters it reaches half the size of the earth. The thin atmospheric layer is composed of carbon dioxide and nitrogen with an admixture of argon. It is believed that 3.5 billion years ago it had liquid water. This is evidenced by the traces of the jets.

Terrestrial planets

Together with Mercury, all these worlds belong to the terrestrial planets. Their structure is divided into core, mantle and crust. Together with them, the earth's satellite, the Moon, is also being studied.