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The clematis are in bloom and everything seems to be fine, but if you look closely, one has leaves covered with rusty spots, another has a white coating, and the third has individual shoots that have dried out. Famous plant pathologist Lyubov Treivas talks about diseases and pests of clematis.
Clematis diseases
Wilting clematis
All clematis have one feature: these plants have a well-developed root system that extends into the deep soil horizons. The most dangerous fungal disease of clematis, wilting, is associated with this feature, in which shoots quickly lose turgor, wither and dry out. This disease has several pathogens, and they all live in the soil, where they infect the root system.Symptoms of wilt are often visible in early spring after mild winter with frequent thaws. The spread of root rot and further wilting is facilitated by stagnation of water, increased acidity soils and shade of plantings.
There is only one secret to protection: follow all agrotechnical requirements. When wilting occurs, it is necessary to clean the plants from the affected parts and pour a 0.2% solution of foundationazole (benlate) under the roots 2-3 times. In the future, to prevent the disease, every spring and autumn it is necessary to water the plants with a foundation solution. This drug effectively slows down the development of pathogenic fungi, but does not completely cure. Severely affected, rotten clematis are removed with a clod of earth and be sure to soak the soil with a solution of foundation.
Gray rot, powdery mildew and rust constitute a group of diseases that manifest themselves as plaques. Gray rot affects clematis in rainy years and manifests itself as brown, rapidly enlarging spots on leaves and shoots. At high humidity air, brown necrosis is covered with gray fluffy mycelium and spores, which are carried by the wind and re-infect neighboring leaves. And since the botrytis mushroom is omnivorous, then gray mold from clematis it spreads to other flowering plants.
To prevent the appearance of gray rot, plant debris is collected, affected leaves and shoots are trimmed, and the plants are sprayed with a 0.2% solution of azocene or foundationazole. Spraying plants with foundationazole in spring and autumn has a positive effect.
Powdery mildew is caused by pathogenic fungi from several genera and appears white in mid-summer. powdery coating on almost all aerial parts, but first of all, physiologically young tissues are affected - young shoots, leaves, buds and flowers. Under the attack of mycelium, tissues turn brown, dry out, organs become deformed, and plant growth and flowering stop.
Plaque on clematis leaves
Clematis rust appears as orange sporulation pads on shoots, petioles and leaves already in spring. With strong spread, plant shoots become deformed, and leaves turn brown and dry out. The pathogenic fungus overwinters on the shoots or on the wheatgrass weed and in the spring again infects the growing shoots. Premature drying of the vegetative parts greatly weakens the plant and affects its overwintering.
At the first signs of rust, spray with 1-2% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (polychom, oxychom, copper oxychloride).
Often closer to autumn, dark gray is noticeable on weakened plants. necrosis of leaves and shoots, covered with a velvety olive coating. It is mainly the physiologically older parts that are affected. Necrosis is caused by a saprotroph fungus from the genus Alternaria, which naturally develops on dying tissues. But with strong spread, the fungus spreads to young tissues, causing premature drying of plants. Any copper-containing preparations are effective against Alternaria.
Leaf spot
Black fruiting bodies, pycnidia, ripen along the necrotic tissue in the fall, in which the fungus overwinters. With cylindrosporiosis (causative agent cylindrosporium), characteristic ocher-yellow spots appear on the leaves, limited by leaf veins. A fungus from the genus Septoria causes septoria leaf blight, which appears as rounded light gray spots with a thin reddish border. By autumn, black dotted pycnidia ripen along dying tissues.
Loss of necrotic tissue is observed with all spots, so spotting cannot be distinguished by this feature. Fungi that cause spotting cause damage to leaf blades, which leads to disruption of all processes associated with photosynthesis and inevitably leads to a general weakening of plants. The appearance of spots should not be considered only as a loss of decorative value of flowering clematis. This is the beginning of general oppression, reduction of buds, initiation and ripening of wintering organs.
Viral disease of clematis
Viral diseases rarely found on clematis. Some varieties may develop a yellow mosaic of leaves, which is transmitted by sucking pests. To treat this disease effective drugs no, therefore it is recommended to discard all diseased plants.
To prevent the spread of a viral infection, you should not plant plants next to clematis that are often affected themselves - aquilegia, delphinium, hosta, peony, phlox, sweet pea, bulbous.
Pests
Sometimes nematodes also spread on clematis, i.e., damage by phytohelminths. There is a root-knot nematode - Meloidogina, which forms brown swellings-galls on the roots, which over time cause rot of the roots, and then the death of the plants themselves. Leaf nematodes are also common, living in leaf blades and causing various necrosis.
When digging up rotten plants, be sure to take a closer look at the root system and, if there are galls, do not plant new clematis plants in this place for several years.
And remember that the appearance of both diseases and numerous pests are the first signs of a violation of the agricultural practices of growing clematis or the use of a variety that is unsuitable for your conditions. This is where developmental inhibition and decreased immunity to disease begin in clematis.
If you don't want your clematis to get sick or exposed to pests, you need to know the symptoms of major diseases and how to treat them. Diseases of clematis and their treatment are quite a painstaking task, since these garden flowers are very demanding in terms of care and growing conditions.
This article describes the most common pests and diseases of clematis with their treatment and photos, so you can independently identify the disease and take measures to eliminate it.
Clematis, like other flowers in the garden, are susceptible to pests and diseases. The danger is that infected flowers can cause infection of neighboring plants, and it will be more difficult to overcome the disease.
Causes
The health of any type of plant directly depends on the variety, weather conditions and compliance with agrotechnical measures.
If significant changes in weather occur, be it rain or drought, this can be considered a signal to carry out preventive measures to prevent the occurrence various diseases at the flower.
In order for the development of the crop to be complete, you need to pay a lot of attention to soil conditions and nutrition of the root system. Since the roots of the plant go almost a meter deep into the soil, it is necessary to plant the crop on fertile soil and provide it with good watering.
Note: When choosing a variety, be sure to take into account the climate of your region, since some types of crops are heat-loving and die in cold and even temperate climates.
Improper care, in particular - violation of the watering schedule, can lead to root system will die, or the flower itself will become an easy victim for pests and diseases.
In addition to pests, plants can also be affected by pathogenic fungi, which develop especially actively in damp, cool weather. All diseases require immediate treatment, since without such measures the plant will gradually begin to dry out, and as a result die.
Symptoms
In order to identify the disease in time and begin its treatment, you need to know exactly what symptoms accompany each pathology.
Let's give characteristic features most common diseases(picture 1):
- Withering - fungal disease, which causes loss of turgor in shoots. As a result, they dry out and wither, and without treatment the plant can quickly die.
- Gray rot occurs in rainy years. It appears as brown, rapidly growing spots on the foliage and shoots, which are covered with spores and fluffy gray mycelium.
- Powdery mildew also belongs to fungal diseases. Manifested by the formation of powdery white plaque on above-ground parts of the plant, especially on young tissues. The growth and flowering of the damaged plant gradually slows down and stops.
- Rust accompanied by the formation of rusty spots on leaves and shoots. Gradually the leaves turn brown and dry out.
- Alternaria blight appears closer to autumn and is manifested by necrosis of leaves and shoots. Most often, the disease affects old shoots, but if it spreads strongly, it can also appear on young branches. Without treatment, it causes premature drying of the plant.
Figure 1. Symptoms of crop diseases: 1 - wilt, 2 - gray rot, 3 - powdery mildew, 4 - rust, 5 - alternaria Another common disease is septoria, which causes round gray spots with a thin red border to appear on the leaves. The tissues in the affected areas die, and the plant itself weakens and may die.
Treatment
After identifying the symptoms of the disease, treatment begins. Despite the fact that most diseases are caused by fungi, their treatment and prevention methods are different (Figure 2). For example, to combat wilting, the bush is watered with a 0.2% solution of foundationazole. However, severe lesions cannot be eliminated, and the infected bush is dug up and disposed of along with a lump of earth.
Figure 2. Methods of treating flowers by watering and pruning To combat gray mold, the soil is watered with a solution of foundationazole or azocene, and all damaged parts of the crop are cut off. To overcome powdery mildew, the bush is sprayed with a copper-soap solution (25 g copper sulfate and 250 grams of soap per 10 liters of water). You can also use a solution of soda ash (40 grams per 10 liters of water).
To eliminate the symptoms of Alternaria and Septoria, you can use any preparations containing copper. You can also spray with Bordeaux mixture. It is also effective against rust.
You will learn more information about clematis diseases and methods of combating them from the video.
When to treat and water clematis for lethargy in the spring
During the period of active growth of clematis, it is most susceptible to wilting. Fungal spores living in the soil cause damage to the root system of the plant. Sluggish and drying shoots are the first sign of the disease.
Incorrect or poor-quality soil drainage, stagnation of moisture in the soil due to excessive watering, improperly organized snow retention leads to the spread of the disease in the area.
The diseased plant should be watered with a solution of foundationazole (1 gram of the drug per 1 liter of water), and all damaged shoots should be removed. In early spring you can spray the plant with a 3% solution of copper sulfate.
Dusting the young green mass and watering the plant with ash water also gives a positive result. It is important not to forget to regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil.
Wilt: clematis disease
Wilt is the second name for wilting. It is very simple to identify the disease: shoots on an apparently healthy shrub suddenly lose their elasticity and begin to wither and dry out (Figure 3).
Wilt is considered a dangerous disease because it spreads quickly, and inexperienced gardeners often confuse its symptoms with insufficient watering and as a result the plant dies.
Causes
Most often, wilting appears when the bush reaches a period of maximum growth and budding. Since during this period the plant’s root system works under heavy load, it becomes more vulnerable to disease.
It is important that initial stages It is difficult to determine the disease, but the provoking factors may be improper watering and non-compliance with growing rules.
Symptoms
Plant damage may occur when weeding lower parts shoots, which leads to mechanical wilting. At strong wind, when the cords on the supports are not tensioned, the wind twists the shoots. This causes tissue damage similar to contagious wilt.
Figure 3. Symptoms of wilt (withering) on plants If wilt symptoms appear on your clematis, you need to immediately take remedial measures, as without this the bush will die very quickly.
Treatment
The correct ratio of nutrients in fertilizers contributes to the correct development of the plant. The amount of nitrogen in the soil should not be allowed to exceed, as this can become an indirect cause of the disease.
In addition, it is necessary to combat weeds that can activate pathogenic fungi. If signs of wilt still appear, the bush should be sprayed with a solution of foundationazole. However, if the infection is severe, treatment will not be effective and the bush will have to be disposed of.
Diseases are far from the only reasons for the death of clematis. Numerous pests can also cause damage to the plant. As a rule, these are insects that damage roots and leaves.
As a result of damage by pests, the bushes weaken and die. That is why you need to carefully monitor the plants and take timely measures to eliminate harmful insects.
Causes
Pests such as aphids, spider mites and slugs can attack beautiful flowers and leaves (Figure 4).
If you are growing varieties that are not adapted to your climate, mature plant will be more susceptible to pests, since the immunity of such a crop is weak.
Symptoms
Aphids settle in colonies on the underside of aphid leaves and feed on plant juices. As a result, the leaves lose their original appearance, dry and curl.
Spider mites provoke the formation of white spots on the underside of the leaf, and the plant itself becomes covered with cobwebs. This pest sucks the juices out of the plant and the clematis itself weakens.
Slugs crawl out of their hiding places in dark time days and eat leaves and stems. As a rule, they cause isolated damage, but in the event of a massive invasion, it is imperative to take action and destroy the pests.
Treatment
From folk remedies Green potassium soap has proven itself. It is grated, dissolved in water, and this solution is used to rub the leaves. Its only drawback is considered to be high labor intensity, because with numerous plantings it is too difficult and time-consuming to process the affected leaves.
Figure 4. Main crop pests: 1 - aphids, 2 - spider mites, 3 - slugs You can also use an aqueous infusion of celandine, which is used for spraying. An effective remedy against spider mite are acaricides and insectoacaricides. These are very toxic drugs, which are diluted in a ratio of 1 mg per liter of water and two liters of the prepared solution are used for spraying 10 square meters landing
From traditional methods against this pest, use dishwashing detergent diluted to the consistency of a soap solution.
Spraying the plant ammonia destructive for slugs (2 tablespoons of ammonia per 1 liter of water). You can also scatter Ferramol around the area or lay out bait and collect slugs manually.
Treatment methods for clematis from nematodes
Nematodes most often attack leaves and bud tissue. As a result, the bushes turn brown and dry out, and without treatment, all plants may die. The spread of the nematode is facilitated by a large number of weeds, contaminated seeds and water.
To eliminate nematodes or prevent their spread, the following methods are used:
- Use only healthy seeds and cuttings with mandatory pre-sowing treatment hot water;
- The bushes need to be carefully looked after: water, feed and remove weeds on time;
- All affected parts of the plant and bushes are not treated, but disposed of.
Treatment of clematis in spring against diseases and pests
To make clematis more resistant to diseases and pests, you need to properly care for them. For example, fertilizing is carried out no more than twice a month. After shoot germination, add foliar feeding, and during the period of budding and flowering, mineral fertilizers are applied.
To prevent diseases, you can use a solution of copper sulfate, which is used for root watering. However, in the spring such watering is carried out no more than once a week. After the procedure, the soil is mulched to prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil.
Prevention of diseases and pests of clematis
Planting clematis on the site necessarily implies further disease prevention. To do this, you can treat the soil with a 0.1% solution of Fundazol immediately before planting. In the future, treatment can be repeated at intervals of two to three weeks.
More than 30 pathogens of fungal diseases have been recorded on clematis.
The most dangerous disease- Wilt, or withering. Signs of its manifestation are: young plant During its growing season, it withers for no apparent reason: the shoots lose turgor, droop and dry out. And the following happens - microscopic soil fungi Phomopsis, Fusarium and Verticillium enter the vine through mechanically damaged shoot bases and, growing, clog the conducting vessels of the plant with their mycelium, it dies from lack of nutrition and moisture. Wilting most often occurs at the height of the growing season (massive growth of shoots, budding), when conductive tissues work at maximum load.
Chemical measures to combat soil fungi.
In early spring, after dispersing, and in the fall (before sheltering for the winter), we spill one of the solutions.
1. Lime milk (working solution - 1 kg of slaked lime per 1 liter of water (
1:1), 100 ml of working solution per 10 liters of water), 4-5 liters per plant. Disadvantages: excessive liming of the soil leads to chlorosis and prevents the plant from absorbing iron (see the table in the section “Diagnostics of nutrient deficiencies”). But it should be borne in mind that although such a measure is universally recommended, its frequent use leads to the conversion of iron in the soil into a form that is indigestible for plants and, as a result, the development of chlorosis in them.
2. “Maxim” 10 ml. for 10 l. water, 200 ml. for 1 plant.
3. A weak solution of potassium permanganate.
4. Bordeaux mixture or a copper-containing preparation, for example “Abigapik” (10 ml per 10 liters of water).
It is necessary to water the plant at the root and cultivate the soil around it. Throughout the growing season, monitor the condition of the plant - shoots and leaves. Trim and remove diseased ones, take them out of the area and burn them. Carry out all agrotechnical work in a timely manner: remove weeds, loosen, water, apply fertilizers. Do not overdo it with nitrogen-containing fertilizers, this also contributes to the development of the disease. Everything is good in moderation.
In order to prevent the disease, during intensive growth of the base of the shoots, the soil around the plant is shed with one of the fungicides, such as polycarbacin, cuprozan, topsin-M.
Ascochyta blight, or leaf spot, is caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Ascochyta. When affected, strictly limited spots appear on the leaves Brown. Diseased leaves dry out, starting with the lower ones. Most often the base of the stem and the places of forks are affected; these parts gradually die off. The development of the disease contributes high humidity and temperature.
Control measures. Collection and destruction of diseased leaves and shoots. Timely removal of weeds and regular loosening of the soil. If a disease is detected, use the following drugs: Bordeaux mixture (1%), polycarbacin (0.2-0.4%), tseneb (0.4-0.5%), topsin-M (0.1-0.2%)