Circular saws for wood for dissolving logs. Circular saws and band saws for sawing logs and beams. Equipment with table extension

Blanks for the manufacture of parts for carpentry, construction and furniture products are obtained by cutting edged and unedged lumber from coniferous and deciduous trees. With proper organization of production, cutting into blanks is carried out according to a pre-drawn up specification, which indicates the dimensions of the blanks, set in accordance with the dimensions of future parts and processing allowances for length, width and thickness.

Achieving the highest possible efficiency in the use of materials already at the cutting stage is the most important task of any production.

Cutting methods

In general, the efficiency of material use is assessed by the blank yield coefficient Kv, which is determined by the percentage ratio of the volume or area of ​​the cut material to the volume or area of ​​the resulting blanks. Increasing this ratio is always a difficult problem. The yield of workpieces depends on many factors: the presence of wood defects in the material (visible and hidden), the size of the workpieces, requirements for their quality, as well as the qualifications of workers, working conditions, equipment and tools used, etc.

Based on the degree of personnel participation in monitoring the work process, a distinction is made between individual and group cutting. Individual cutting is carried out with the direct participation of qualified workers who constantly keep track of the quality of raw materials, the required sizes and quantity of workpieces of the required size and use the most rational cutting scheme.

Group cutting is carried out without taking into account the quality of raw materials, according to a pre-established scheme. Of particular importance are the correct preparation of specifications and ordering of initial boards, the width of which must correspond to the width of the workpieces, taking into account the cuts and ensure the formation of a minimum amount of waste (narrow slats). When group cutting of unspecified lumber, the yield of blanks is reduced by approximately 7% compared to individual cutting.

When cutting boards with a large curvature, the volumetric yield is reduced by 20-30%. Before trimming, it is recommended to cut them into pieces, the curvature of which has less influence on the volumetric yield of the workpieces.

Cross cutting of lumber, called trimming, is carried out by dividing lumber into pieces of the required length by sawing with circular saws. Longitudinal cutting of lumber involves dividing the material into pieces of the required width or thickness using circular or band saws.

Depending on the sequence of these technological operations, three main cutting patterns are distinguished: transverse-longitudinal, longitudinal-transverse and mixed - transverse-longitudinal-transverse (Fig. 1).

Some enterprises practice preliminary milling of boards in order to reveal wood defects that are poorly visible due to its darkening during drying or poor-quality sawing during the cutting of logs, which led to the formation of hairiness on the faces of the boards.

Longitudinal-transverse individual cutting provides the highest yield of workpieces due to less loss of material when cutting out defects and is especially effective for low-grade boards. Moreover, preliminary marking ensures an increase in the yield of workpieces by approximately 3-9%. The marking is carried out along the face with the greatest number of defects, starting from the butt end of the board. The use of pre-milling to expose invisible defects can further increase the yield of workpieces by 3%.

In order to better use the usable part of the board, it is advisable to cut in accordance with the existing specifications for blanks of different sizes. In this case, it is possible to select the dimensions of the blanks so as to make full use of the defect-free part of the board. When cutting, preference is always given to obtaining the longest blanks.

When visually assessing the quality of boards, the number of actually evaluated options for placing an outline of blanks of given standard sizes on them is limited by the physiological characteristics of a person. During the cutting process, a skilled worker can remember and use no more than 4-5 standard sizes, provided that the difference in length between them is more than 100 mm.

Increasing the number of standard sizes while simultaneously cutting blanks from one board sharply reduces productivity and can lead to errors.

Additional marking and milling increase the cost of processing, but are easily recouped by increasing the yield of workpieces.

According to their technological purpose, circular saws for preliminary (rough) cutting of lumber into blanks, called cross-cut saws, are divided into those intended for transverse and longitudinal cutting, as well as universal ones.

Cross cutting machines

Universal machines include machines for performing transverse, longitudinal and mixed cutting, which also provide sawing at an angle to the wood fibers. These are circular saws with manual feed, equipped with a longitudinal guide ruler and a movable carriage with a transverse stop ruler. Sometimes they are equipped with an automatic feeder. Once upon a time, such machines were called circular machines. Due to their low productivity, today they are used mainly in workshops.

Cross cutting machines, which are also used for leveling the ends of boards, are divided by design into machines with an upper (above the table) and lower (under the table) spindle arrangement.

Machines with an overhead spindle are divided into pendulum, balancing and with linear movement of the support.

Pendulum machines They are a swinging metal frame, the upper end of which is hinged above the work table of the machine on the wall of the workshop or on a separate stand. An electric motor is mounted at the bottom of the frame, on the horizontal shaft of which the saw is mounted.

During operation, the machine operator, holding a specially provided handle, pushes the lower end of the frame with the saw blade onto the board laid on the work table. At the end of the cut, the frame is released and it, together with the saw, returns to its original position under the action of a spring or counterweight. These machines got their name because during the working cycle the saw makes movements reminiscent of the swing of a pendulum.

Balancing machines equipped with an electric motor with a saw mounted on an articulated linkage suspension. The worker, holding a special handle, pulls the saw towards himself, as a result of which the workpiece placed on the machine’s work table is trimmed. The saw is returned to its original position by a spring or by means of a counterweight.

In machines with linear movement of the support trimming is carried out due to the horizontal or vertical movement of an electric motor with a saw along a beam with guides relative to the table. Such machines are equipped with a hydraulic drive for moving the caliper, which is activated by a pedal.

The productivity of machines with linear horizontal movement of the support is 2-3 times higher than pendulum or balancing machines, and amounts to up to 10 thousand cuts per shift.

However, in modern production, the most widespread are circular saws with a lower spindle (Fig. 2).

By design, they are divided into machines with saw lifting or with saw moving parallel to the table. In the first case, the saw, located under the machine table, rises upward when sawing. In the second case, in the non-working position, it is located behind the table and moves parallel to it, moving onto the board from the edge. The saw spindle can be moved manually (pedal machines), as well as using a hydraulic or pneumatic device. Saw-lifting machines have slightly higher productivity due to the shorter actuation cycle.

The working width of all cross cutting machines is from 300 to 500 mm. However, when choosing equipment, it should be taken into account that the largest actual width of the sawn timber being cut is directly related to their thickness, which is why the characteristics of these machines for each model are supplemented with a specific diagram.

Station equipment

Cross-cutting machines of all types are equipped at the input and output with driven or non-driven roller tables for placing the material to be cut and removing workpieces. The length of the tables should be sufficient to lay the entire board to be cut and can be 10 m or even more.

In this case, each table is equipped with a longitudinal guide ruler for basing the boards in the transverse direction. If the cross-cutting machine is used only for leveling the ends and preliminary removing obvious defects, then the rulers may not have stops for basing the boards in the longitudinal direction. If the machine is also used for cutting boards into dimensional blanks in accordance with a given specification, then rulers with folding or recessed stops for measuring the length of sawn blanks and parts are required.

The design of the stops should ensure their movement along the ruler to establish the desired size (Fig. 3). But if these stops are forced to be outside the machine operator’s working area, he will be constantly distracted by controlling them and interrupting work.

To eliminate wasted time and ensure the correct position of the board or workpiece at the time of sawing, stops have been developed that are automatically extended into the working position at the command of the machine operator pressing buttons on the control panel located in front of him. In this case, the order of their nomination can be programmed.

There are also pull or push units that grab the board at one end and automatically move it in a stepwise direction in the longitudinal direction to the positions necessary to cut the workpieces to the required length in accordance with the specification.

Slitting machines

Longitudinal cutting of boards and blanks is carried out on single-, double- and multi-saw machines with mechanized material supply.

According to their purpose, they are divided into the following main groups:

● edged single-saw blades with shaft
bevel-disc and caterpillar feed for trimming one edge of unedged boards or longitudinal cutting of boards and blanks along a ruler installed on the machine;

● single- or multi-saw blades with caterpillar feed for precise cutting of boards and workpieces to width;

● multi-saw machines with roller feed for cutting boards and blanks into bars, planks and slats.

Here we should clarify the difference between edgers and notching machines. Their design may be absolutely the same, but the former do not have a longitudinal guide ruler, which allows them to make only straight cuts, the position of which along the width of the material is set by the machine operator performing the loading. Notching machines are equipped with a longitudinal guide ruler along which the edge of the material to be cut is based, which makes it possible to obtain the exact size of the workpieces corresponding to the distance between this ruler and the saw blade. Preliminary longitudinal trimming can also be performed on cutting machines. So, if there is a wane on the board, the first cut is made by eye, and for the second, third and other cuts, the already sawn edge is pressed against the ruler.

The working width of machines for longitudinal cutting for most models is from 300 to 600 mm. To make it easier to change saws, all of these machines have a spindle on top. In this case, the greatest thickness of cut boards and beams is, as a rule, 120 mm.

Machines capable of sawing material 160 mm thick or more are equipped with two saw spindles: lower and upper. The saws are located in the feed direction from below and above. The lower saws capture one part of the cut in height, the upper ones - the remaining part, finishing the sawing. Such machines use saws of small diameter and thickness, which reduces the amount of waste (sawdust). This is especially important for large cutting heights and small thicknesses of sawn workpieces.

For safety reasons, all circular saws must have claw protection at the entrance.

Adjusting the saws to the processing width in multi-rip machines is carried out by installing spacer rings of the required thickness on the spindle, between the saws. However, with frequent changes in the specifications of workpieces, this leads to significant loss of time for reinstalling saws. Therefore, the design of some machines allows the entire spindle to be replaced with another - with saws that have already been set to a new position. To move such shafts around the workshop, for example to the tool area, such machines are equipped with special transport trolleys.

In order to further reduce setup time, many manufacturers have developed multi-saw machines with devices that allow, at the command of the machine operator from the control panel, to move the saws along the spindle to a new working position. These positions are set on the control panel in advance and programmed.

There are also multi-saw machines with a working width of 1300 mm, designed primarily for longitudinal cutting of slab materials into strips. But they can be used effectively without moving saws and for longitudinal cutting of short boards in accordance with specifications.

To do this, the saws are installed on the spindle so that the distance between them corresponds to the dimensions provided in this specification. In this case, laser devices are placed above the machine, indicating the cutting line of each saw (Fig. 4).

The machine operator evaluates the location of defects in the material being cut, selects two suitable lines of laser marks between which there will be the smallest number of defects, and directs the material forward until it is captured by the rollers of the machine feed mechanism. After cutting, the remainder of the material is transferred back by the return conveyor and the cycle repeats.

Slitting machines are operated by two people: a machine operator and an auxiliary worker. The first one controls the machine and feeds the pieces into it, the second one receives them and, if necessary, returns them for re-cutting.

Cross cutting on automatic machines

In many woodworking plants, you can see huge containers full of waste left over from cross-cutting, many of the pieces could easily be used for subsequent length-joining. The fact is that the implementation of the enterprise program requires a large number of parts of the same section, but of different lengths. However, when cutting boards or bars, the machine operator physically cannot remember the number of already cut parts of a given length, determined by the specification, and fulfills these specifications sequentially, first cutting parts of the same length or two lengths from the boards. As a result, due to the discrepancy between the distance between the defects in the board and the given length of the parts being cut out, lumpy waste of excessive length is formed, which brings very significant losses to any enterprise.

Their reduction by increasing the useful yield of material is most easily achieved by using “smart” equipment capable of remembering the given specifications for cutting blanks by length and by the number of parts obtained as a result of cutting.

Machines and lines for cross cutting of lumber, equipped with optimization devices, have been known for a long time, but are not used at all Russian enterprises. The reasons for this are the seemingly high initial cost of the equipment and its high productivity. However, electronic equipment that automatically calculates the length and number of workpieces in accordance with a given specification is being used more and more often.

When working using a cross-cutting machine equipped with an electronic system, the board is laid on a roller table, and the operator manually, using a fluorescent chalk or a special pencil, marks the location of defects and the location of future cuts. Then the board is moved by a feeding conveyor to the circular saw. The marked cutting locations are recognized by a photocell. At the same time, the machine computer determines the distance between two adjacent cutting places and compares it with the length of the workpieces included in the specification previously entered into it. The machine software calculates how many different parts of the greatest total length can be placed between these two adjacent marks, giving preference to the longest ones. After this, transverse cuts are automatically performed, and the number of parts specified in the specification is reduced by the number of blanks received.

The sequence of length dimensions after the cutting is carried out is immediately memorized by the computer, and the workpieces leaving the machine are automatically dumped from the receiving belt conveyor into certain pockets.

As the pockets fill, the worker manually empties them, placing the cut pieces in piles. The scraps remain on the conveyor and, moving further along it, end up in a collector or are immediately sent to the crusher.

The speed of longitudinal material feed in such a machine can exceed 200 m/min, and the maximum speed can be reached in 0.13 s. The machines are equipped with a control panel and a built-in computer with a graphical interface, which greatly facilitates the use of optimization software.

The design of the machine combines innovations used in the manufacture of mechanical and electronic components and devices. Such machines can significantly save working time and reduce the number of workers involved in cutting lumber. In addition, all working parts of this equipment are covered with noise-absorbing casings, which ensures complete safety of working on it.

Experience has shown that the use of such machines when cutting boards, compared to conventional cross-cut machines, reduces the total length of cuttings by more than half and ensures a reduction in the amount of wood waste by 15%.

Andrey PETROV,
"Media Technologies" company,
commissioned by LesPromInform magazine

Sawing logs into boards with a chainsaw is a fairly convenient and simple method of working with wood. Thanks to the presence of various attachments, the master receives materials that have a smooth and even surface. It’s easy to make boards yourself; you don’t have to go to specialized stores.

The advantage of sawing logs with a chainsaw

The method of cutting logs using a chainsaw has several advantages.

The ability to work under any conditions - the chainsaw is not afraid of humidity, so specialists can cut logs during rain, the equipment in this case will not deteriorate.

High productivity - it is allowed to carry out woodworking throughout the day, but it must be taken into account that the power of the device must be at least 7 horsepower.

Autonomous device - the equipment runs on gasoline and does not depend on electricity; the workplace can be mounted in any area where it will be more convenient to carry out the process.

Ease of use - the chainsaw is equipped with a soft start and adjustable chain rotation speed; these conditions ensure that beginners in this business get high-quality results.

The undoubted advantage is that the equipment costs much less than a small sawmill. During a breakdown, repairs are inexpensive and do not take much time.

Types of working attachments

Sawing logs with a chainsaw is carried out in different ways; craftsmen work with wood along the grain, as well as across it. It all depends on what attachments are used in the chainsaw.

Attachment for longitudinal sawing

It is used for sawing logs lengthwise, the process takes place in a horizontal position. After work, the master receives the same thickness of the product. The finished materials are subjected, after which the boards are used in construction.

In appearance, the device is a small frame; it is attached to the tire on each side.

Sawing with a lightweight attachment

The method is not highly productive, but is used quite often. The element is fastened on one side, but the workpieces are slightly uneven. Such materials are necessary for the construction of sheds or fences.

Drum debarker – debarker

With the help of such an attachment it is easy to dissolve the log; it works due to a V-belt drive. Attached to belts on both sides, special pulleys are used for this. The speed of rotation of the shaft depends on the size of the pulleys, so the performance of the attachment is easy to change.

This technology forces the master to carefully monitor each stage of the process; some specialists use an assistant during this cutting. But this option requires increased security measures.

Features of a homemade sawing option

It is easy to saw a log into boards using a homemade tool. Manufacturing the equipment is simple:

• As a support, you need to use a frame from a school desk or a pipe with a cross-section in the form of a square, its optimal size is 20x20, more is allowed.
• Build two clamps, mount a cross member with two holes for tie bolts at one end, and make a protrusion in the middle for the tire.
• For longitudinal sawing of logs into boards, it is important to make a support frame; its width must be 7–8 cm less than the length.
• Then two elements 10 cm long are welded to both sides, holes are made for the bolts, and a handle is attached in the middle for ease of operation.
• After this, insert the clamps into the grooves, the tire is installed, and everything is carefully fixed.

It is not difficult to work with a homemade tool; for this you will need two sawhorses, they will serve as a support, and you also need to prepare a metal strip or board, the element will be a guiding element. A log is placed underneath and the required height for work is adjusted.

Technique for sawing logs lengthwise

Longitudinal cutting is carried out using a horizontal attachment. In order to get even boards, it is important to use a specially prepared guide; its role is played by a metal lath or a high-strength board.

The difficult part in this process is making the first cut; for this you need:

• Mount the leading ruler; it consists of two boards fastened together at an angle of 90 degrees.
• Place the log on the supports and secure its position firmly.
• Check if the log is level using a level.
• Using self-tapping screws, secure the guide ruler to the supports.
• Fix another guide in a horizontal position; the element will rest against the ground, but at the same time fix the log.
• Saw the log.

During the second cut, specialists may not use a leading ruler; the resulting board will serve as a guide. The second cut is made perpendicular to the first.

Secrets of cross cutting

A crosscut saw is used to produce firewood or decorative interior elements. Sawing is carried out according to the following principles:

• Place the log in a horizontal position on wooden supports, the height should be 0.5 m.
• Clean it from the bark.
• Using an ax or saw, make small marks along the entire length; they should be located at the same distance from each other.
• Make a cut along the cuts.

Cross cutting does not require the use of special devices or attachments. An ordinary chain is perfect for such work, but its rings must be strong.

Safety precautions

When working with a chainsaw, you must follow safety rules; they will help you avoid injuries and unpleasant situations:

• People, especially children, should not be allowed onto the work site.
• When working with a circular saw, be sure to wear a special protective cover on it.
• During the process of sawing logs, you should use protective equipment against sawdust and noise.
• It is necessary to have a first aid kit with medications to treat the wound during cuts.
• Do not pour gasoline into a heated tank of a chainsaw.
• The chainsaw must be used only for its intended purpose; it is prohibited to turn it on at full power if it is not in use.
• Installation of logs is carried out only on the right side.
• When working with equipment, it is strictly forbidden to press it with force.

If you follow safety precautions, the work will not be difficult, and the result will be high-quality material without harm to health.

A chainsaw is a versatile piece of equipment that is easy to use. Craftsmen can use it on a personal plot, in a private house. In addition to producing boards, it is used for repair work on outbuildings and wooden decorative elements. You don’t need a large number of boards; just take a couple of logs.

Video: Sawing wood into boards with a chainsaw

All photos from the article

The construction market is replete with a huge number of modern materials, which, unfortunately, are not natural. That is why wood is still the most popular - due to its versatility and availability, it is used in various construction industries. Any lumber, be it timber or boards, is made from logs, so our task today is to understand how to make the necessary building material from it.

Instead of a preface

1. Logs can be sawed using hand tools or using various professional equipment used on an industrial scale.
2. The cost of finished lumber is directly influenced by its characteristics, namely the thickness of the materials and the amount of waste remaining as a result of the production process.

At enterprises engaged in the production of lumber, wood sawing lines are used. This equipment is highly productive and allows you to obtain a high-quality product.

Sawmill - a machine for cutting logs into boards

One type of sawmill equipment includes a sawmill - a woodworking machine on which frame saws are installed. After processing, the final product is timber and edged boards.

Only logs of a certain size can be used as raw materials:

• length should not exceed 7 m;
• The diameter size range is much wider and ranges from 150 to 800 mm.

Round timber is also cut using circular saws called circular saws or circular saws. Such machines are divided into:

Most often, logs are processed on band sawmills, which allow sawing round timber both horizontally and vertically. Thanks to the high quality of sawing logs, very little waste remains after obtaining the final material.

But this is not the entire list of equipment used for large-scale production of lumber. There are also highly specialized machines that are used only in certain branches of woodworking.

Main types and methods of cutting wood

The method of sawing logs is chosen depending on the type of wood and what kind of workpiece should be obtained in the end.

Take into account:

• parameters that determine the size;
• shape;
• surface quality;
• requirements.

Logs can be sawn relative to the location of the growth rings.

There are three types of sawing in total:

1. Radial - along the radius of the growth rings, and the work is carried out with particular precision.
2. Tangential - the log is sawn tangentially to the growth rings, parallel to one of the radii.
3. Parallel-forming - cutting occurs parallel to the direction of the fibers.

Depending on the direction in which the logs are sawn, the methods of sawing them are also divided:

1. In the collapse - involves sawing the log in several places along its entire plane. They must be located parallel to each other. This is the simplest processing method, allowing you to ultimately get a pair of slabs and an unedged board.
2. With lumber, you can first obtain side boards and beams, which, if necessary, are sawn into identical edged boards. This method allows you to cut a little more than half of all raw materials. Disadvantage: processing round timber requires the use of two sawmills.
3. Segmental - a beam will be cut from the center of the log. This name is due to the fact that two segments remain on the sides of the log, which are subsequently cut into tangential boards.
4. Sector - in this case, the round timber is cut into sectors. Moreover, their number depends on the diameter of the log and varies from 4 to 8. Next, the resulting fragments are sawn into radial or tangential boards.
5. Circular – designed for individual cutting of logs. This involves separating healthy wood from damaged wood.

Tip: when sawing off another board, the barrel must be rotated 90˚ around the longitudinal axis.

It should be noted that the last three methods, in contrast to the previous two main ones, are used quite rarely.

Sawing at home

Purchasing sawmills for use at home is unprofitable both from an economic point of view, the price is quite high, and from a practical point of view. For these purposes, a regular chainsaw is quite suitable.

However, you can also use an electric one, but a gasoline one is much more powerful and does not require electricity, which is very useful when carrying out work far from civilization. Despite the labor-intensive nature of this process, if you have certain skills, the labor costs can be justified.

All work related to cutting requires special equipment:

• a device that secures the log in a stationary state;
• a frame-attachment designed for a chainsaw - if it is necessary to obtain boards of different thicknesses, they are fixed to the tool bar, but in such a way as to be able to adjust the distance remaining between the attachment and the chain;
• ruler-guide. It can be successfully replaced with a metal profile or a regular board of the required length, the main thing is that it is smooth and rigid.

Tip: for a chainsaw you need to purchase a special chain that allows you to make longitudinal cuts. Its distinctive feature is the special sharpening angle of the teeth.

Process

The operating instructions will be as follows:

1. Free the logs from bark and branches. The less waste there is, the more finished material there will be.
2. Determine the cutting pattern that will be most optimal. Why inspect the log for possible defects.

1. Carry out cutting in the direction from east to west or vice versa. This is due to the fact that obtaining high-quality material is only possible if the density of the boards is the same across the entire width. Please note that the density of a tree trunk on the north side is much higher than on the south.
2. Remove the slabs located opposite each other.
3. Saw the double-edged timber formed as a result of this operation into lumber.
4. Remove the edges from the resulting one.

Advice: if any defects are detected in the log, for example, a false core, it can be rotated by 90 and 180˚ as with circular sawing.

Conclusion

If you decide to cut the log at home, you will have to use a sawmill, chainsaw or regular saw. The first two options will show the best results, and the process will happen much faster and with better quality.

Before starting work, it is advisable to draw a diagram of sawing round timber. The video in this article will give you the opportunity to find additional information on the above topic.

video instructions on how to cut with your own hands, machine, sawing machine, photo and price

All photos from the article

The construction market is replete with a huge number of modern materials, which, unfortunately, are not natural. That is why wood is still the most popular - due to its versatility and availability, it is used in various construction industries. Any lumber, be it timber or boards, is made from logs, so our task today is to understand how to make the necessary building material from it.

How to cut logs into boards at home

Instead of a preface

1. Logs can be sawed using hand tools or using various professional equipment used on an industrial scale.
2. The cost of finished lumber is directly influenced by its characteristics, namely the thickness of the materials and the amount of waste remaining as a result of the production process.

Industrial machine for sawing logs into boards

1. To reduce the amount of waste, sawing logs on an industrial scale is carried out according to special schemes. In domestic conditions, sometimes there is a need to cut logs yourself, so you should first become familiar with them.

What equipment is used

In production conditions, various professional tools and special equipment are used for sawing logs, selected depending on:

• length of material;
• its thickness;
• quality required for products.

In domestic conditions it is usually not available, but can be successfully replaced with a regular chainsaw, a woodworking machine with a circular saw, or a hand hacksaw.

At enterprises engaged in the production of lumber, wood sawing lines are used. This equipment is highly productive and allows you to obtain a high-quality product.

Sawmill - machine for cutting logs into boards

One type of sawmill equipment includes a sawmill - a woodworking machine on which frame saws are installed. After processing, the final product is timber and edged boards.

Only logs of a certain size can be used as raw materials:

• length should not exceed 7 m;
• The diameter size range is much wider and ranges from 150 to 800 mm.

A board made from the side of a log is called a slab

Round timber is also cut using circular saws called circular saws or circular saws. Such machines are divided into:

Most often, logs are processed on band sawmills, which allow sawing round timber both horizontally and vertically. Thanks to the high quality of sawing logs, very little waste remains after obtaining the final material.

But this is not the entire list of equipment used for large-scale production of lumber. There are also highly specialized machines that are used only in certain branches of woodworking.

Block house lining - log board

Main types and methods of cutting wood

The method of sawing logs is chosen depending on the type of wood and what kind of workpiece should be obtained in the end.

Take into account:

• parameters that determine the size;
• shape;
• surface quality;
• requirements.

Logs can be sawn relative to the location of the growth rings.

There are three types of sawing in total:

1. Radial - along the radius of the growth rings, and the work is carried out with particular precision.
2. Tangential - the log is sawn tangentially to the growth rings, parallel to one of the radii.
3. Parallel-forming - cutting occurs parallel to the direction of the fibers.

How to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw yourself

Depending on the direction in which the logs are sawn, the methods of sawing them are also divided:

1. In the collapse - involves sawing the log in several places along its entire plane. They must be located parallel to each other. This is the simplest processing method, allowing you to ultimately get a pair of slabs and an unedged board.
2. With lumber, you can first obtain side boards and beams, which, if necessary, are sawn into identical edged boards. This method allows you to cut a little more than half of all raw materials. Disadvantage: processing round timber requires the use of two sawmills.
3. Segmental - a beam will be cut from the center of the log. This name is due to the fact that two segments remain on the sides of the log, which are subsequently cut into tangential boards.
4. Sector - in this case, the round timber is cut into sectors. Moreover, their number depends on the diameter of the log and varies from 4 to 8. Next, the resulting fragments are sawn into radial or tangential boards.
5. Circular - designed for individual cutting of logs. This involves separating healthy wood from damaged wood.

Tip: when sawing off another board, the barrel must be rotated 90˚ around the longitudinal axis.

It should be noted that the last three methods, in contrast to the previous two main ones, are used quite rarely.

Sawing at home

Purchasing sawmills for use at home is unprofitable both from an economic point of view, the price is quite high, and from a practical point of view. For these purposes, a regular chainsaw is quite suitable.

However, you can also use an electric one, but a gasoline one is much more powerful and does not require electricity, which is very useful when carrying out work far from civilization. Despite the labor-intensive nature of this process, if you have certain skills, the labor costs can be justified.




Do-it-yourself frame-nozzle for cutting logs

All work related to cutting requires special equipment:

• a device that secures the log in a stationary state;
• a frame-attachment designed for a chainsaw - if it is necessary to obtain boards of different thicknesses, they are fixed to the tool bar, but in such a way as to be able to adjust the distance remaining between the attachment and the chain;
• ruler-guide. It can be successfully replaced with a metal profile or a regular board of the required length, the main thing is that it is smooth and rigid.

Tip: for a chainsaw you need to purchase a special chain that allows you to make longitudinal cuts. Its distinctive feature is the special sharpening angle of the teeth.

Process

The operating instructions will be as follows:

1. Free the logs from bark and branches. The less waste there is, the more finished material there will be.
2. Determine the cutting pattern that will be most optimal. Why inspect the log for possible defects.

In the photo - cutting logs

1. Carry out cutting in the direction from east to west or vice versa. This is due to the fact that obtaining high-quality material is only possible if the density of the boards is the same across the entire width. Please note that the density of a tree trunk on the north side is much higher than on the south.
2. Remove the slabs located opposite each other.
3. Saw the double-edged timber formed as a result of this operation into lumber.
4. Remove the edges from the resulting unedged wood board.

Advice: if any defects are detected in the log, for example, a false core, it can be rotated by 90 and 180˚ as with circular sawing.

Conclusion

If you decide to cut the log at home, you will have to use a sawmill, chainsaw or regular saw. The first two options will show the best results, and the process will happen much faster and with better quality.

Before starting work, it is advisable to draw a diagram of sawing round timber. The video in this article will give you the opportunity to find additional information on the above topic.

rubankom.com

video instructions for DIY installation, features of machines, devices for sawing logs, how to cut straight along, according to size, price, photo

All photos from the article

Very often, when carrying out various works in construction, the need arises to carry out such an operation as cutting wood into boards. In this review, we will tell you how you can organize the work process depending on the conditions and specifics of a particular operation, since sometimes you need to cut only one element along the length, and sometimes you need to cut a whole log or timber.

In the photo: special equipment allows you to open the board at different angles, but only those who do professional woodworking have such installations, since their price is very high

What criteria should be taken into account when choosing a cutting method?

All of the options we'll discuss below will get the job done, but each of them is suitable for certain conditions, so you need to decide on several factors in advance:

Important!
Sometimes the best solution may be to purchase a ready-made board, especially if the amount of work is large.

A special machine for sawing boards lengthwise is an ideal solution for those who carry out longitudinal cutting constantly and in large volumes

Types of equipment used

We will look at some options for doing the work yourself and tell you about the devices used; you will have to choose the solution that will be best for you in a given situation.

Sawing boards

This type of work, such as longitudinal cutting of boards to size, can be done in several ways:

• If the amount of work is small, then you can use a hand saw, although you will need a special version for longitudinal sawing, which differs in the shape of the tooth. The instructions for carrying out the work are as follows: it is necessary to carefully mark using a square and a tape measure, then draw a clear line, then the element is carefully secured so that the board does not move during the work;

The longer the board is, the more difficult it is to carry out the process efficiently

Important!
When processing manually, pay special attention to the vertical position of the cutting blade, otherwise the edges will turn out to be nervous.

• The second option is to use a jigsaw for wood, but it is also suitable for small amounts of work, and the thickness of the board is limited; the marking process is similar to that described above. The work is easier to carry out, since there is no need to apply physical force and monitor the verticality of the cutting - the sole in the equipment ensures that the right angle is maintained;
• Now let’s look at how to evenly saw a board lengthwise using a circular saw; there are two options for carrying out the work: if the edges of the element are uneven, then a line is first drawn along which the cutting is made (most often this is done with unedged lumber), if one edge is smooth, then the stop is pre-set to a certain distance, and you simply guide the tool, pressing the stop part against the end;

When working, do everything in accordance with the operating instructions for the power tool.

• Of course, the simplest solution to the question of how to cut a board lengthwise is a circular saw, and both full-fledged installations and compact options can be used. This option is very suitable for cutting a large number of elements to one size; you can set a stop or attach it and not waste time on marking and fixing; in addition, this type of equipment has the highest productivity;

Having secured the stop, you don’t have to worry about compliance with the parameters

Log sawing

A more complex option for carrying out work, which requires more powerful equipment. Of course, purchasing a full-fledged sawmill is not the best option, so sawing logs into boards in the field is done using a chainsaw and a special Timberjig kit.

Let's talk about this system in more detail:

• You will need a standard chainsaw, preferably one with fairly high power;
• It is also necessary to purchase a set consisting of a guide and a stop; it is sold with a set of the required fasteners, so no additional elements are required;

Design fits all standard chainsaws

• Next, a device for sawing logs into boards is assembled; for this, first of all, a stop is made of two boards, one of which is attached at the end to the middle of the other, a very strong T-shaped element is obtained, which will serve as a guide during the work process;
• The log is placed on a flat base, after which stops are screwed to its ends, which are made from a board connected by an angle; it is important to control their level and position them evenly, the quality of the work depends on this;
• Now you need to attach the guide to the stops; it is aligned along the line of the future cut, taking into account the fact that the chainsaw bar will run 10 mm above the top edge of the guide. Fixation is done using clamps, which are also included in the kit;
• The saw is located on the frame; the frame allows it to occupy the same position throughout the entire work. To ensure convenience, we recommend that after fastening, lift the log so that the chainsaw is positioned at an angle, this will make it much more convenient for you to work. The photo shows the structure in operation.

This is what the assembled system looks like

Conclusion

Longitudinal cutting of wood is a complex process that requires the use of appropriate equipment and tools, but if done correctly, the result will meet the highest standards. The video in this article will talk about some of the described processes in more detail and detail.

rubankom.com

Do-it-yourself multi-rip saw | Construction portal

Any production work that involves such a rather capricious material as natural wood is by no means a simple matter and quite responsible. It’s no wonder that the slightest wrong move or careless attitude towards the work process can lead to disastrous results. Therefore, it is recommended to thoroughly study the “nature” of the workpiece being processed and choose the right multi-saw band saw for wood. Or you can assemble such a device yourself if you know a lot about DIY crafts.

1. Purpose of the multi-rip machine
2. Multi saw machine design
3. Principle of operation
4. Classification of multi-rip machines
5. Do-it-yourself multi-saw machine

Purpose of the multi-rip machine

The main purpose of a multi-saw machine is longitudinal cutting of unedged and edged lumber into blanks of certain sizes, as well as cutting of unedged boards. It must be said that this machine can handle any type of tree. The number of saws can reach up to twenty-four. You can customize them so that you get bars and boards of the desired width. But there are still restrictions: the thickness of the workpiece is at least 6 millimeters.

The multi-saw machine can work together with a log saw machine, forming a single production line, as well as independently as a second-row machine. Multi-saws have become widespread in high-performance and medium-sized sawmills.

The machine provides quite high cutting accuracy for workpieces of different lengths due to the fact that the workpiece itself is not movable, and a close module moves along a calibrating guide. The productivity of the machine increases when a laser ruler is installed.

In recent years, the mini multi-rip saw has become more popular due to its small dimensions. For a long time it has served as a very good assistant in large industries and small enterprises, as well as in everyday life. If you choose this equipment, you can achieve fairly good production results, that is, high quality products.

Multi saw machine design

Multi-saw machines are produced in various configurations, which allow cutting beams (carriage) up to 160 millimeters high. It is used on construction sites and woodworking enterprises, can be installed in both unheated and heated premises, and is capable of operating at temperatures from minus 15 to plus 35 degrees ambient.

The rigid basis of the machine is a frame-type bed of a welded structure; it serves for fastening and placing all assembly units. A set of saws is installed on the shaft, between them there are bushings, which are made depending on the size of the workpieces being cut.

The roller feed of workpieces consists of two upper spring-loaded rollers, which are adjustable in height, and two lower fixed rollers. The feed rollers are driven from an autonomous electric motor by means of a chain drive through a belt drive and gearbox. The claw protection, that is, the mechanism of safety stops, provides protection against the return flight of scraps and workpieces.

You can install up to 40 circular saws with a diameter of up to 500 millimeters on the gang saw. It follows from this that 1 cut of a workpiece can bring up to forty lamellas, as in the video about a multi-rip machine. This feature is compensated by the low feed speed, which is adjustable in the range of 0.5 - 1.5 meters per minute.

On this woodworking equipment, when sawing timber of shorter height, you can use saws of smaller diameter, this will reduce the width of the cut, as well as increase the yield of finished lumber as a percentage. The saw, which has a diameter of 500 millimeters, has a rotation speed of 2850 revolutions per minute, and because of these technical characteristics, high-quality lumber is obtained, that is, grades 0 and 1.

It should also be noted that for such a machine you can buy quite different saws, for example, a bimetallic saw, a stellite saw or a band saw. When selecting a saw, you must strictly adhere to the recommendations given by the manufacturer. Maintenance of saws consists of sharpening, which is carried out in a timely manner and using special sharpening machines. Sharpening equipment costs much more for a circular saw than for a frame saw, and this feature is very advantageous.

The multi-saw machine can be additionally equipped with:

1. A device that regulates the feed speed of material on a multi-rip machine. Based on the ammeter readings, as well as the load on the saws, the required feed speed of the carriage is set. All this allows you to achieve a special operating mode, where the saws and the machine’s electric motor operate in optimal mode without overloads. The useful life of the saws also increases, and maintenance costs are reduced.
2. A device that automatically regulates the feed speed of the carriage (beam). This device makes it possible to eliminate the human factor when adjusting the carriage feed speed. Depending on the load, the machine automatically adjusts the feed speed of the carriage onto the saw shaft, which allows for maximum productivity of the machine, and one of the most important things is to prevent overloading of the electric motor.
3. A device that is responsible for a smooth start and also additionally protects against overloads, while monitoring its operation in real time. You can install a soft start device on the multi-saw machine, designed to ensure a smooth start without overloading the machine in the electrical network, from selected start modes (by time, by rated current).
4. Dust fan.

The principle of operation of the multi-rip machine

This tool is intended for sawing boards or timber with fairly high accuracy. These tools are sometimes called “saw bench” or “multi-saw”. Such names are explained by the operating principle of the sawmill frame. What is this operating principle? The automatic sawing process is carried out by saws that are tensioned in the saw frame.

On a multi-rip machine, the board is laid on special spacers and fixed at the end. When sawing with cutters, the board is pressed tightly, and therefore it is not possible for it to move. The absence of receiving and feeding rollers is one of the main advantages of the multi saw. The cart with saws on a multi-rip machine moves along a flat surface, and this ensures an even and almost perfect cut. A saw cart with cutters moves along the guides using electromechanics. The feed speed is smoothly adjustable.

Regarding saws, laser pointers help ensure correct positioning of the board. Processing takes place simultaneously with two saws. The distance between the saws is adjusted with a special steering wheel, and the distance is controlled with a built-in ruler. Reliable fixation of the workpiece is facilitated by a pressure roller, adjustable in height.

Using the lower and upper feed rollers, workpieces are fed (the upper ones are spring-loaded, the lower ones are stationary). The feed speed can be adjusted in steps. On a multi-rip machine, the material feed speed is continuously adjustable. The optimal feed speed is determined by ammeter readings, depending on the load on the saws. This ensures that the electric motor of the saw and the machine operate in optimal mode without overload.

With the help of replaceable bushings, the saws are adjusted, which regulates the width of the manufactured lumber. From two working sawmills, one machine processes unedged boards. There is virtually no vibration during machine operation due to the strength and rigidity of the welded frame.

To prevent the material being processed from flying out of the machine, it is equipped with claw stops, which ensure safety for the operator. A technological opening under the sawing device is also provided for waste removal. A special window is provided for turning waste in case of compaction.

Classification of multi-rip machines

You have become familiar with the purpose and operating principle of the saw. But before you start creating a multi-saw machine with your own hands, we strongly recommend that you find out what kind of multi-saws there are. Conventionally, they are divided into frame, disk and timber. The last two are single- and double-roll.

Frame machine

This type of multi-saw machine is designed for cutting timber into lamellas (boards) with high precision. The operating principle of this machine is quite similar to the operation of a small sawmill: saws stretched in a saw frame cut a moving workpiece. The reciprocating movements of the saw frame are facilitated by a crank mechanism.

Disc machine

Such multi-saw machines are designed for high-quality sawing of timber into the required edged materials. They have higher quality and accuracy of the resulting lumber than frame saws. Here the tool that cuts is circular saws. Disc multi-blade machines are divided into two types: single-shaft and double-shaft multi-blade machines.

On a multi-saw, with an increase in the thickness of the timber that is being processed, it is necessary to use a larger saw diameter and greater thickness, respectively; this on a multi-saw machine increases the width of the cut and, of course, the loss of wood, which is processed into chips. Therefore, it is recommended to use a twin-shaft multi-saw for timber thicknesses of more than 150 millimeters; they use saws of a smaller diameter.

Canter machine

Cantering machines are designed for longitudinal cutting of logs and are devices of the first row. They produce two slabs, two unedged boards and a double-edged beam. Cantering machines, like disc monosaws, are divided into single- and double-shaft.

There is also a complete sawmill line, which includes: a twin-shaft canter machine, a conveyor with saw logs fed to the canter machine, a drive roller table, a sorting table after the canter machine, a receiving roller table, a complex for processing slabs and a multi-saw machine. In this case, cantering machines can be installed either in a woodworking production line or separately from production.

Do-it-yourself multi-saw machine

Nowadays, a multi-saw machine is a rather convenient functional tool designed for cutting wood. Even alone, with its help you can cope with a large amount of work in a short time. But not everyone is willing to pay for such a machine, because the price of a multi-rip machine is quite high. Many people believe that the best option is to make it yourself from available materials. For anyone who has decided to make such a device themselves, we would like to advise this.

A do-it-yourself multi-saw disc machine is designed for cutting edges, for longitudinal cutting of wood, for making edged boards, shanks, wooden log houses and much more. Self-made various beams, log houses for baths, and various wood floors will always cost less and, of course, be of better quality. It happens at a sawmill, you buy boards for the floor, and they are like a helicopter propeller when you start nailing one edge lower, the other higher. It is very uncomfortable.

It is best, of course, to make a homemade multi-saw machine with three saws, although two saws would be enough, as experience suggests. The machine is designed for a three-phase network, and according to the advice of “experienced” ones, the engine should be powerful - 1.5 - 2 kW, and the speed should be about 3,000. For the engine, it is advisable to make the shaft with double bearings and 22 mm, because there will be heavy loads.

It is recommended to install the belt with a “0” section due to its fairly high flexibility. The diameter of the saw shaft should be 20 millimeters. As the craftsmen say, for woodworking machines that are made by hand, in order to reduce the bending moment, the base should be minimal. The distance between the bearing housings should not exceed 300 millimeters. The machine must also be equipped with a soft start device to increase the service life of the electric motor.

Now you have learned the general principles of creating a multi-saw at home. Depending on the purpose of the machine, its design may differ slightly. The main thing is that you carry out all work strictly according to the instructions, otherwise you will not be able to obtain the output material of the appropriate quality.

strport.ru

video instructions for choosing with your own hands, features of circular saws, multi-saw household appliances, price, photos

All photos from the article

A machine for cutting wood is a universal device with which you can perform a wide variety of work: transverse and longitudinal sawing, leveling the ends and trimming slabs, cutting elements of the required size, cutting edges at right angles and chamfering at various angles. There are many different options on the market; we will look at the most popular and common ones.

In the photo: household sawing machines for wood can be of different sizes and with different characteristics

The main criteria to pay attention to when choosing

Regardless of which type of equipment you select, there are several characteristics that determine the features and operating parameters of a particular modification:

Power	A very important indicator that is directly related to equipment performance. The larger the elements will be processed, the more powerful the motor will be required. If you often work with hardwood and thick workpieces, then most likely you need professional equipment with an asynchronous electric motor. The average power is 1.5 hp, but for more complex tasks you will need more powerful options
Voltage	Typically, household appliances are powered by 220 volts, while professional sawing units operate on 380 volt three-phase power. If you need the second option, then take care to connect the appropriate line to prevent network overloads during operation
Dimensions	It is impossible to place a machine with a large bed in a room measuring 2x3 meters, since there will be no room for feeding workpieces and moving. It is important that the space is sufficient for unobstructed access to any location of the fixture. If you need to work in different places, then the compact option would be the best choice.
Size of processed workpieces	Each machine has certain parameters that determine the thickness and width of the elements that can be cut. Therefore, decide in advance for what purposes you need equipment and what materials will be processed
Desk size	Another important factor on which the ease of working with various products depends. So, for sheet materials you need a large working surface, and for boards and beams of short length, a small bed is sufficient
Additional functions	The presence of a dust removal system makes the process much cleaner, and the presence of a riving knife in the design prevents the workpieces from touching the back of the knife and prevents kickback. Also, modern machines may have an emergency stop system.

Important!
In addition to all the above factors, it is necessary to take into account one more very big nuance: ease of maintenance and availability of spare parts in your region.
Most often, the supplier takes care of the service, but ask him about the availability of consumables and spare parts.

Multi-saw wood saws are professional equipment that is capable of cutting large beams and whole logs; they are used in woodworking enterprises and are distinguished by their high power

Equipment types

To consider all the varieties, you will need more than a dozen extensive articles, since there are many highly specialized installations that are used only by professionals. We will tell you about the most popular options that can be purchased in almost any city.

A circular saw

A stationary circular saw for wood is an excellent option for large volumes of work and has a number of advantages:

• Durable cast iron bed, which provides high cutting convenience and significantly reduces vibration of the equipment. Its width can vary widely; you can choose the best option for both sheet materials and small elements.

Slitting machines are one of the types of equipment that is distinguished by the fact that it is very convenient to work with sheet materials, which is why it is very popular among furniture manufacturers

• Good dust removal systems, which ensure the most comfortable working conditions. The room will be much cleaner, and you will not have to constantly wear a respirator to protect your respiratory system.
• High power allows you to saw hard materials without losing the speed of rotation of the blade. The engine rarely operates at maximum loads, so it remains reliable over a long period of time.
• It is possible to install large-diameter discs, so the thickness of the sawn elements can be very large. In addition, you can install cutting elements for different materials - both wood and plastic, chipboard and even aluminum.
• Modern models have a very convenient settings system; you just need to enter the necessary data into the computer, and the installation itself will take the desired position. This is very convenient for large volumes of work and significantly increases operational safety, as well as eliminates the occurrence of errors and miscalculations.

Circular saws for wood - high-performance professional equipment

Equipment with table extension

• Sufficiently large power allows you to cope with most tasks that arise during the construction of a house or in other issues not related to production. Although it is worth noting that this option is also used in enterprises as auxiliary equipment and for performing individual operations.

• The presence of a special stand allows you to significantly increase the working surface when working with large workpieces. When folded, the installation takes up little space, which is also very convenient.
• It is possible to install the stand and quickly dismantle it if necessary, which greatly simplifies transportation.

Desktop options

Household wood saws are designed for small jobs and are considered an excellent solution for home use.

Their most important differences are as follows:

• The equipment has small dimensions, which simplifies their storage and weighs about 20 kilograms, which means you can, if necessary, put the structure on a workbench and remove it after work.
• The engine power is low, so you cannot cut large workpieces; the maximum width of products is no more than 60 cm

Household appliances are light and mobile, but productivity is also low

Jigsaw designs

If you need a machine for cutting wood, then this option is exactly what you need, judge for yourself:

• The main working element is a jigsaw file for wood, but with this design you can place the workpiece on the bed and process it as accurately and accurately as possible.

A jigsaw is an excellent solution for those who need to cut complex elements from wood

• You can cut out shapes of almost any shape from a flat piece, which is not possible with other options.
• If necessary, you can carry out longitudinal and transverse cutting of wooden blanks of small thickness.

Tape equipment

A wood saw with a cutting element in the form of a tape can be used both on an industrial scale for unraveling logs, and in more compact installations, with their help you can saw small boards and beams, as well as various small elements.

The main features are as follows:

• The cutting thickness is much smaller than when using disk equipment.

Band saws are used for a variety of purposes

• A convenient settings system allows you to set the most accurate parameters.
• Options with pedal start allow you to free your hands when working, which is very convenient.

Miter saws

This option is designed for quick and accurate cutting of ends with your own hands, but can also be used for longitudinal sawing of short elements; the following factors can be considered its advantages:

The miter saw is the most mobile option of all.

• Possibility of cutting workpieces at different angles.
• There are two design options: simple, where the disk stands motionless, and with broaching, where the cutting element moves along a guide, which significantly increases the processing width.
• The price of such devices is low, and the operating instructions are simple.

Important!
Miter saws are more convenient for mobile work on the street or on the roof, but for precision cutting of boards and timber it is better to buy at least a tabletop circular saw.

Conclusion

The choice of a specific option depends on what kind of work you are going to do and in what volume, as well as how much money you have. The video in this article will help you understand this issue in more detail.

rubankom.com

DIY device for sawing logs with a chainsaw

A huge number of household and industrial tasks require sawing wooden logs. For this purpose, a whole arsenal of auxiliary equipment has been created, most of which are very expensive, which is why they are used only as a last resort. It is much easier to use a chainsaw for this, for which all sorts of auxiliary means have also been invented, greatly simplifying not only the process of collecting firewood, but also cutting logs into boards, even without the help of a stationary sawmill. In this article we will talk about what they are and what is required to make them yourself.

Classification of chainsaw accessories for sawing logs

Depending on the direction in which the sawing will be carried out, all existing chainsaw attachments are divided into 2 broad groups:

• for longitudinal cutting of wood;
• for cross sections.

Both categories represent a range of industrial adapters that allow you to obtain boards and lumber of the required size, which can then be used for construction or repair.

When there are no factory options available, the only sure way is to make their analogues at home.

Do-it-yourself attachment for a chainsaw for longitudinal sawing

It is based on a fairly simple design - a regular frame, which is attached to the guide on both sides. If you make fastenings with only one, the accuracy of the cut will be impaired, but this will not prevent you from adapting such boards for the construction of utility rooms or wooden fences. Let's look at it step by step.

1. 1. As in any other case, we begin our work with drawings. They are the basis of factual material and the source of the correct progress of work.
   2. We are looking for a frame for the future device (it can be an ordinary children’s desk or a square pipe). It is desirable that the cross-section be at least 2 x 2 cm, or even slightly larger.
   3. We begin to make the clamping elements. Their size should be at the level of 0.5-0.6 m. One of the end sides of each of them should become the basis for the aggregation of the next mechanical unit - the crossbar. It is best to weld it for greater reliability.
   4. In the already welded cross member, a series of holes and bolt ties are made using an electric drill. There should be a small protrusion in its center so that the tire can be fully clamped.

1. We also weld similar fasteners on top, photos of which you see on the right of the text.
   What else should you take care of at this stage? When designing such clamps, it is desirable that the height of the busbar be somewhat less than the width of the bolted fastenings.
2. We begin to assemble the support frame. It does not have to be an exact square shape. Ideally, its length is 1 dm greater than the width.
3. It is necessary to attach two structural parts with a length of at least 0.1 m to its two sides in a perpendicular plane. This size is determined by the need to supplement them with clamps and tightening bolts. For this purpose, a hole is again made using a drill, and the nuts themselves are welded to the base. For ergonomics, it is worth thinking about a handle, which can also be welded from available metal material.
4. The moment of assembly itself, but here too there must be clarity of the technological concept. First of all, clamps are inserted into the groove elements, after them - the guide of the power tool, which must be very accurately fixed. How to choose the right distance? This is already regulated purely individually, depending on the thickness of the material you want to get at the output.

Agree that this course of action is very simple, and the most difficult thing, surprisingly, may be the lack of electric welding at home, on which the entire home-made cycle is based.

Making sawhorses for cutting wood with a chainsaw yourself

Wood processing, the purpose of which is to prepare firewood for the winter, cannot do without a well-known device - a goat, which not only facilitates this manipulation, but also allows you to do it yourself without the involvement of additional human resources. Every self-respecting homeowner who is faced with such moments is simply obliged to acquire such a “helper,” which does not mean buying it. Like other devices, you can make it yourself, but let’s look at how in order.

• • We draw up a work plan with a detailed drawing so that this machine comes out geometrically correct. To simplify things, we suggest you familiarize yourself with the design, the leading parameters of which have already been calculated and marked in the photo below.

• • • We select durable consumables, including:
      • wooden beams;
      • pillars made of strong wood;
      • metal profile;
      • metal pipes, rods, etc., which constitute the group of “household scrap metal”.
    • By combining the above materials or choosing only one of the types according to the drawing, we proceed to the assembly of this auxiliary equipment.
    • The optimal height of a goat is considered to be 1 meter, although this parameter is adjusted depending on the height of the sawyer, the power of the chainsaw and the size of the wooden trunks that will be laid on it.

Each of the described methods, although it will lead to the final goal, still has one significant drawback - the lack of guarantees of personal safety, so additional care must be taken about this.

Comments powered by HyperComments

sadovij-pomoshnik.ru

Wood, like natural stone, is one of the most ancient building materials. Despite the huge selection of various artificially created materials existing on the construction market today, timber is still very popular. In order to obtain high-quality lumber, the log must be cut into boards. In this article we will talk about how to cut a log into boards.

Types of log cutting

Sawing logs into boards is carried out in two main ways:

• radial
• tangential.

In addition, additional methods are possible:

• mixed
• semi-radial (rustic)
• central.

Radial sawing is a type of sawing during which the axis of the cut runs through the core of the log and, as a result, the annual rings in the section of the board form an angle of 76 - 900. The lumber obtained by such a cut has a uniform color and texture. Timber almost does not undergo deformation during drying and does not swell when moistened, because the dimensions of the wood change mainly along the line of the rings (across the fibers). In radial sawn timber, the annual rings are arranged according to thickness. Such materials are distinguished by the highest performance indicators in comparison with other types of lumber.

Tangential cutting is carried out along tangents to the lines of annual rings at a short distance from its core. The surfaces of the resulting boards are distinguished by a pronounced texture and a bright wavy pattern of annual rings. Such lumber is characterized by higher coefficients of shrinkage and swelling from moisture compared to radial cut boards. As a result, they are greatly deformed when exposed to moisture. Such boards are in demand for use in dry conditions.

Rustic (semi-radial) and mixed types of cutting have characteristics of two main types of cutting simultaneously: radial and tangential. Therefore, they exhibit average shrinkage and swelling coefficients. Rustic cut boards are distinguished by straight lines of annual rings, which are located at angles of 46 - 75 degrees. to the layers. Mixed-cut lumber is distinguished by the fact that the lines change from straight at the edges (along the width) of the board to arched towards the middle.

The center cut is made right in the center of the trunk and contains its core. Taking into account the fact that the core of the trunk is wood with the lowest strength indicators, center-cut lumber is characterized by a structure that is heterogeneous in strength.

Wood balance when sawing

Tools for sawing logs

Tools and cutting methods depend on the total volume of logs, such indicators as length and thickness. In addition, you need to take into account the quality of the future lumber. Cutting a log involves working with different tools and specialized equipment. In order to obtain a small amount of lumber at home, a manual method of processing logs using a chainsaw or traditional hand saws with teeth for longitudinal cutting is suitable.

The sawmill is perhaps the most famous type of sawmill equipment. This is a woodworking machine that contains frame saws. The sawmill produces longitudinal sawn timber, for example, edged boards or timber. Sawmills allow processing logs with a diameter of 15 to 80 cm and a length of up to 7 m.

Cutting logs into boards using circular saws (circular saws) is carried out using a circular saw. Such equipment can be single-saw (single-disc) and multi-saw (multi-disc). Devices containing one disk are suitable for working with small-sized and low-quality raw materials. Using multi-disc machines, you can cut round workpieces of large diameter.

Band sawmills are the most popular today. They come in two types: vertical and horizontal. The cutting tool in such equipment is a belt blade that is put on pulleys. Working on band saws guarantees the production of high-quality longitudinal and mixed lumber, such as boards and beams. This produces the least amount of waste.

Large industrial enterprises use wood sawing lines. They allow achieving very high surface quality and precise geometry of the final products. Such lines are characterized by the highest productivity.

In addition to all the equipment listed above, such types of highly specialized sawmill equipment as debarkers, edgers, band-dividers and other types of machines are also used.

Very often there are situations when you need to produce a very small volume of boards or beams for your own needs. Of course, buying machines in this case is absolutely not an option. Having certain knowledge and skills, it is much more profitable to cut logs with your own hands, using an electric or gasoline chain saw. Despite the fact that this work is quite labor-intensive, the result is quite justified.

Most experts believe that a chainsaw is better suited for this purpose. Such equipment has high power and can operate without interruption for a long time. In addition, the operation of a chainsaw does not require electricity, so you can work far from the power supply, for example, right on the plot.

In order to cut a log into boards using a chainsaw, you will also need special tools, such as a mechanism for securing the log, a frame attachment for the chainsaw, and a guide for making the cut. The attachment frame must be attached to the chainsaw bar so that it can be used to adjust the gap between it and the chain. This will make it possible to create boards of different thicknesses. It is worth purchasing a special chain for longitudinal sawing. It has a special tooth sharpening angle. The guide ruler can be made from a metal profile of the required length or a flat, rigid board.

Before starting work, you need to remove all the bark and remaining branches from the workpieces, and also carefully inspect the log for various flaws. This way, you can choose the most suitable cutting pattern and, therefore, reduce the amount of possible waste.

If you are longitudinally sawing trunks, you need to make sure that the resulting lumber is of the same density across the entire width. Since the density of wood from the northern part of the log is much higher than from the southern part, the cut is carried out in a plane directed from east to west (or in the reverse order).

The first step is to remove the slabs from two opposite edges of the log. As a result, a double-edged beam will be obtained, which is then cut into boards or other lumber of equal thickness, according to the intended sawing pattern. The final product is an unedged board, from which the edges must then be removed.

For many centuries, timber has been the most popular raw material for housing construction. Today, primitive processing methods have been replaced by modern equipment. For example, to cut timber and process it to the required size, craftsmen use a sawmill. The disadvantage of such a machine is the cost. For this reason, many people make mini sawmills based on chainsaws.