Administrative and office buildings are an integral part modern architecture. Essentially, these are buildings from which all existing areas of business are managed. They are distinguished by a certain complexity, and their development and construction are trusted by the most the best specialists. In addition, working on such complex projects requires a lot of practical experience.

When creating projects for administrative buildings, one should take into account not only its appearance, but also the internal functionality of the premises. This is especially true for the work of engineering and technical staff, whose work must be optimally optimized. Not a single office building can do without communication systems: air conditioning, ventilation, heating, fire extinguishing, telecommunications, etc. However, only a competent approach to the design of these systems can ensure their convenient and functional use.

Our company offers you design office buildings in the form of office sets, administrative buildings, free-standing structures of any complexity.

The design of office buildings in our company is carried out by highly qualified specialists. By collaborating with us, you get a ready-made project work, which describes all the key stages of design. Our company has been working in this field for many years and has successfully implemented hundreds of administrative building projects. Our specialists will develop a building design taking into account your requirements, making the office space as efficient as possible.

Ordering a project administrative premises, You are getting:

• analysis of the technical condition of the building, that is, reconstruction old building or construction from scratch;
• calculation ideal place for construction taking into account the existence of competitors in the area where the building is located, transport interchange, etc.;
• "open" floor layout, that is load-bearing structures. This is especially true for new buildings;
• parking next to the building, usually there is one parking lot per 30 m2;
• exterior finishing façade and public spaces, laying engineering communications;
• design metal-plastic windows, their placement;
• design of suspended ceilings.

Wherein:

• in the project, the depth of the floor from window to window should be about 18-20 m;
• the distance from the floor to the suspended ceiling should be 2.7 m;
• only allowed two-pipe system air conditioning or a similar design;
• a three-section box is used for electrical, telephone and computer cables;
• an elevator in an office building should have a waiting period of up to 30 seconds;
• the presence of a professional telecommunications service operator in the building is mandatory;
• the building must be regulated by a qualified specialist;
• access and security systems must be monitored in an office building;
• There will be a café and other amenities for workers.

There is a special scale of criteria according to which a building is classified according to the above 17 laws. Class A buildings meet 14 out of 17 criteria, and class B buildings meet about 10 out of 17 criteria.

There is a special classification of premises according to their shape, according to which the individuality of a building is determined. However, we invite you to consider some of the nuances that arise when designing office and administrative buildings.

As a rule, find suitable site construction is not difficult. Therefore, the design is carried out taking into account landscape work and landscaping of the territory.

The internal layout is carried out based on the number of offices and offices required to conduct efficient work. This item is considered individually in each order, so it is impossible to give precise recommendations in this regard.

Floor layout, like the previous point, is purely individual. It depends on the layout of employees. The layout can be constant (rigid) or changing (flexible). This means that in some cases the layout can be mixed, creating passages from one workplace to another, etc.

Construction multi-story building for office and administrative use the cost always differs. According to statistics, small buildings create a more efficient work environment than buildings with 20 floors. In addition, in multi-storey buildings. Where high-speed elevators are present, it is impossible to make any changes after a while.

One of the most important points in the design of such buildings is architectural image. It is this point that often causes multiple disputes among developers and, at the same time, requires Special attention. The architecture of each building affects the appearance of the city as a whole. That is why the construction of administrative buildings should be carried out taking into account the urban planning plan of the city. Only a highly professional specialist will be able to combine all of the above and create a building project that meets all technical and aesthetic parameters.

We offer you our services for creating office building projects. Find out more detailed information You can contact us at the phone number listed on the website. Our specialists will be happy to help bring to life even the most creative ideas. You will be pleasantly surprised by the quality of work, efficiency of order execution, service and price list. We look forward to your call!

Electrical supply > Electrical supply concept

Power supply of administrative buildings. Voltage and power supplies

Most administrative buildings in terms of reliability of power supply belong to the 2nd category. These buildings should, as a rule, be powered from different transformers of the two transformer substations, which are powered from different sections, 10(6) kV.
In turn, 10(6) kV switchgear must be powered by two cable lines and have an emergency backup switch. Power supply from a single-transformer substation should be considered as practically possible, but still undesirable, because in this case, to supply critical consumers with the 2nd category of power supply reliability, cable jumpers are laid between the buses in emergency mode distribution devices low voltage. In this case, the jumpers between transformers must be designed so that the voltage loss to the most remote power receivers does not exceed the permissible value for normal operation.
The lighting is powered from common transformers - for power and lighting consumers.
It should be noted that the normalized frequency of voltage changes in the network must be observed.
The power supply for evacuation and emergency lighting must be independent of the power supply for working lighting. With two inputs, power is supplied from different inputs, with one input - by independent lines from the input distribution device (IDU).
Power power transformers accepted on the basis of load calculations. Moreover, for approximate calculations electrical loads it is possible to use specific electrical loads, which for administrative buildings for each square meter usable area are 45 W - including air conditioning and 36 W - excluding.
The location of transformer substations must be established when designing a specific facility in accordance with the requirements and taking into account the location of the building on master plan, the center for the concentration of the main electrical loads, architectural and planning solutions, etc.
Transformer substations, as a rule, are built-in or attached to a building, less often - separately located. When building a transformer substation, in some cases, complete transformer substations with transformers with air cooled and place them in basements.
Substations with oil transformers should be located on the first or ground floor, but above the level of the ground level.
Power transformers must have a solidly grounded neutral. System used three-phase current with grounded neutral - 380/220 V (voltage idle move transformers is 400/230 V).
In administrative buildings, voltages of 12 and 36 V are also found, used as local voltage, for example, in ventilation chambers.
Power supply for emergency lighting of administrative buildings from autonomous sources (rechargeable batteries, diesel power plant), as a rule, is not required.

Power plans

The figure shows typical power supply circuits for lighting in administrative buildings. The power supply diagram from a single-transformer substation for category III loads is shown in Figure "a". For lighting loads of category II, it is recommended to use scheme “b”, in which the working and emergency lighting powered by different transformers.
When each transformer is powered from independent sources (for example, from different sections of a 10(6) kV switchgear, and even having an automatic transfer switch), the circuit provides power supply to category I lighting loads.
Rechargeable batteries are rarely used as a second power source and only when powering special loads, for example, for emergency lighting.
From the distribution boards of transformer substations, supply networks are laid to the group lighting panels of the main switchboards, from which the group networks go.
Limited number of protective devices per distribution boards substations or at the main switchboard of the building, as well as large values their rated currents In some cases, they cause the need to multiply the distribution board feeder through the main point, from which the group panels are already powered.
If the voltage disappears at the main source, it is possible to use circuits automatic switching lighting from the main (working) power source to the backup (emergency) one.

Diagrams of the main circuits of emergency transfer stations

Our design company carried out the development of an EOM project for the power supply of the office administrative building in Moscow.

DESIGN OF EOM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN THE OFFICE

The basis for the design is:　

Technical specifications for development project documentation from 2014;　

The initial data for design is:　

Technical task.　

Assignment from related sections.　

This project is designed for power electrical equipment and electric lighting major renovation office on the second floor of the building.　

The power supply to electrical receivers mainly falls into the 3rd category of power supply reliability according to the PUE classification. Supply voltage 380/220V, frequency 50Hz. Grounding system TN-C-S. 　

POWER EQUIPMENT　

This project does not provide for external power supply to the premises.　

The power electrical equipment of each room has a degree of protection corresponding to the category of this premises. Electrical sockets adopted with a 3rd grounding contact.　

Supply, distribution and group networks are carried out with cables with copper conductors of the VVEng LS brand. 　

The project provides:　

Electrical equipment that provides the reception and distribution of electricity to consumers, in which automatic linear switches and residual current devices are located.　

• dedicated three-phase (five-wire) single-phase (three-wire) network to increase noise immunity and electrical safety.　
• lamps that do not create pollution during operation environment and secretions harmful to people;　

The distribution of electricity between power electrical receivers is carried out from distribution boards.　

The power panels have phase buses (A, B, C), bus "N" (isolated from the body), "PE" bus. Protective conductors are connected to the "PE" bus, and working neutral conductors are connected to isolated bus "N". "N" tires and "PE" on distribution boards are not connected together. The density of installation in distribution boards makes it possible to measure load current in consumer lines and install additional circuit breakers. Group networks are carried out using VVEng LS cable open in PVC cable channels. Group network routes are specified during installation on site. The type of starting equipment is indicated on the design diagrams of the electrical network. Electrical equipment and electrical installation products are installed at a height from the level of the finished floor on the walls in places convenient for maintenance i operating height of sockets:

The premises are strictly according to the design project.

The socket network should be made with VVGng LS 3x2.5 cable in PVC cable channel. When laying the plug network, it must be possible (if necessary) to replace the wires. The lengths of the routes are specified locally. At the terminal points for connecting equipment, leave ends at least 0.5 meters long. Check the connections of the sockets with the customer. Connect all metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment to a protective neutral wire RE. Zero worker N and connect the neutral protective PE conductors in the shield under different contact clamps. Cables must have core insulation colors in accordance with and. 2.1.31 PUE-98.

The installation of electrical equipment networks should be carried out in conjunction with all communications. The wiring of power supply networks should be carried out taking into account the laying diagrams of low-current networks (in parallel: 1 laying, the distance between the circuits must be at least 300 mm). In case of intersection, the location of electrical trays must be lower than low-current ones. Finishing installation work complex tests of electrical installations are carried out with the preparation of a technical report in accordance with the norms and regulations of the Russian Federation. Electrical installation work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3-05.06-85, PUE-98 (ed. 6), PUE-2002 (ed. 7) in compliance with safety measures in accordance with SNiP 12.03-01.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING

Types of lighting, illumination and types of lamps are adopted in accordance with the purpose of the premises. The illumination of the premises is adopted according to the standards SP 31-110-2003 and SP 52.13330.201E. The distribution of electricity between lighting electrical receivers is carried out through AT2E. For working lighting, lamps with energy-saving and fluorescent lamps. Working lighting is controlled locally by switches installed in the same room (or in an adjacent one) with the luminaires they control. Switches are installed at a height from the level of the finished floor; switches are installed on the wall on the side door handle at a height of 0.9 m (to be agreed with the customer). Group lighting networks in premises are carried out using cables with copper conductors of the VVGig LS brand laid in a PVC pipe in the ceiling space.

When laying a lighting network, it must be possible to (if necessary) replace wires. The lengths of the routes are specified locally. At the terminal points for connecting equipment, leave ends at least 0.5 meters long. Connect all metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment to the PE protective neutral wire. Zero worker N and connect the neutral protective PE conductors in the shield under different contact clamps. Service lighting installations carried out from stepladders.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY EVENTS

ENERGY-SAVING MEASURES IN THE ELECTRICAL PART OF THE PROJECT

In order to save energy, the project provides for:

• cross-sections of wires and cables of distribution networks are selected taking into account maximum utilization rates and simultaneity;　
• the 380/220 V electrical network is made of cables and wires with copper conductors, ensuring a minimum of electricity losses;　
• All electrical lines 380/220 V are provided for working ones, i.e. under voltage (without a “cold” reserve);　
• Economical lamps are used to illuminate the designed structures and buildings; energy savings are achieved through the use of light sources with increased luminous efficiency;　
• the lighting control scheme provides for the possibility of both full and partial switching on of lighting installations, taking into account the operating modes in the premises (economical lighting control schemes in the premises are used, allowing the lamps to be switched on in rows, parallel to the light openings);　

The project provides for a TN-C-S grounding system. A special neutral conductor of the cable is used as a neutral protective conductor, connected to the panel grounding bus (PE). E [when feeding several plug sockets From one single-phase group line, the branches of the protective conductor to each plug socket must be made in branch boxes or (when powering the sockets with a cable) in boxes for installing plug sockets using one of the accepted methods (soldering, welding, pressing, special clamps, terminals, etc. ). The sequential connection of protective contacts of plug sockets into the protective conductor is not allowed.

To protect operating personnel from injury electric shock the following activities are envisaged:

• installation of U30 on separate group lines - with a leakage current of 30 mA;　
• grounding (grounding) of electrical receivers by connecting to a neutral protective conductor PE, which is connected to the building's grounding device.

When crossing electrical wiring with technological communications and in places where possible mechanical damage electrical wiring is protected by steel pipes.

Note.

• The final location of equipment and routes of power supply lines can be adjusted during electrical installation work depending on the architectural -construction features building.　
• Wires are laid only along vertical and horizontal lines. The wiring is carried out in a PVC cable channel.　
• Install junction boxes behind the false ceiling. The exact installation locations of junction boxes should be determined during the on-site work.　
• All branches are made in junction boxes, the cable cores are connected through the terminal block.　
• Cut the lengths of the routes according to the location after the final fitting.　
• At the terminal points for connecting equipment, leave ends at least 0.5 meters long.　

Socket connections must be made strictly in accordance with the technological and design project.

Unlike other electrical projects, the office building electrical project does not have single algorithm development applicable to all design cases. The fact is that the requirements for the power supply network of administrative complexes can vary greatly depending on their architecture and functional purpose.

So, if the building is located separately, it is necessary to include all stages of calculating lightning protection and grounding loops. In cases where the design is carried out for a separate office section in a multi-storey new building, the main requirement may be strict compliance with the allocated limits on power consumption.

In view of this, the development of electrical projects for administrative buildings requires professional knowledge of all electrical design techniques.

IN this review we will consider the most significant features of projects in this category, as well as their impact on final cost development.

A distinctive feature of power supply schemes for office premises and buildings is the wide variation in their level of complexity. In some cases, the working electrical design of an administrative building consists of almost a dozen circuits and explanatory note almost a hundred pages. And sometimes it's a little more complicated standard project for a three-room apartment.

Let us remind you that the organizational scheme of its development (dramatic, working stages, techno-economic calculation, etc.), and, consequently, its cost, depends on a preliminary assessment of the complexity of the project.

Let us list the factors that most influence the complexity of design.

Type of allocation

If the electrification of a separate building is being prepared, the following specific sections will be added to the project:

• Calculation of lightning protection (taking into account climatic features region);
• Calculation of a reinforced ground loop;
• In many cases, it is necessary to arrange a separate site or room for installation diesel generator backup power;
• Automatic transfer circuit (ATS);
• Power supply line plan ( external input to transformers, power transmission lines from transformers to ASU);
• Power calculation and critical modes operation of power transformers;
• Calculation of external lighting.

Note that similar technical specifications(for a separate administrative building) in practice modern design occur quite often. The most typical example is data processing centers (DPCs).

Food quality requirements

This requirement can be called the main factor influencing the overall complexity of projects for administrative buildings.

So, as a result of a blackout in the administrative building of some industrial enterprise, the worst thing that can happen is turning off the lighting in the showers and locker rooms. Obviously, install optional equipment costing hundreds of thousands of rubles to prevent such consequences does not make sense.

But if you do not provide backup power in the power supply scheme for the data center, then losses due to a break in the external power line will number in the millions.

Requirements for sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the facility

Another feature of projects for administrative complexes is the impossibility of ignoring the sanitary and hygienic requirements for office premises (unlike projects for a residential building, where similar SNiPs have little effect on the complexity of the design).

Let us recall that almost every point from SNiP 31-05-2003 (“ Public buildings administrative purposes") is the purpose of checking various types of inspections. With inevitable fines when violations are detected.

For the designer this means:

• The need to develop a more powerful and more complex lighting network;
• The need to reserve capacity for connecting climate control equipment;
• System development uninterruptible power supply for connecting equipment responsible for fire safety.

Note that this feature design is inherent in all types of electrical projects for administrative buildings.

Restriction on power consumption limit

This factor is worth mentioning because often office premises need to be connected to the power supply of a multi-storey building. As a rule, this is accompanied by strict restrictions on the total power consumption (up to the point that only 3 kW is allocated per room).

In view of this, the designer faces an additional task: how to introduce devices into the project automatic control, without increasing the risk of unplanned outages.

In general, we can say that the key difference between power supply projects for administrative buildings and typical “apartment” design is the need to develop uninterruptible power supply systems, as well as a complex of regular and emergency lighting.

What is the reliability category?

The design of energy supply for a multi-storey administrative building most often covers all existing reliability categories.

To confirm what has been said, we present a table of subsystems from an example project for the administrative center of one of the large telephone network operators.

From a design point of view, reliability requirements determine the need for additional power inputs and the need to build external backup generators.

Lighting as a determining factor

Total power spent on power supply lighting networks administrative facility, constitutes a significant percentage of its total energy consumption.

In addition, external lighting of such buildings is often involved in creating the company’s advertising image, which directly affects energy costs.

Based on this, we can conclude that energy-efficient luminaires can significantly reduce the cost of other subsystems through the use of a less powerful transformer and cheaper backup power devices.

To correctly solve the problem of choosing between a more expensive but economical LED lighting and cheaper fluorescent lighting systems, we recommend performing a technical and economic calculation before starting design.

Separately, we note that today there are more original opportunities to reduce lighting costs. In particular, when designing emergency lighting, you can use fluorescent signs, the energy consumption of which is minimal.

How to ensure the required quality of food

From all of the above, we can conclude: the requirements for the design of the electrical supply of an administrative building are largely determined by the requirements for the quality of power supply for subsystems of categories I and II.

Let us recall that maximum speed switch to backup source(up to 15 seconds in category I) and required duration uninterrupted operation(up to several hours in category II) can only be achieved through the integrated use of battery and generator systems.

It means that typical diagram Power backup for an administrative building consists of several modules:

• battery-inverter complex;
• liquid fuel or gas generator(most often diesel);
• automatic switching system to reserve.

One of the main design challenges is determining the exact characteristics for these systems.

It must be said that this task is far from trivial and sometimes requires the construction of quite complex systems high reliability and with separate automatic control units.

The most popular solution, used both for production and administrative buildings, is the creation of parallel UPSs with excessive reliability. That is, instead of one powerful UPS, a rack with several less expensive devices connected in parallel and operating in bypass mode. If a critical situation occurs, not all modules are activated, but only those that are necessary to power de-energized systems.

At the end of the review, we note that approval of a power supply project for office and administrative complexes requires confirmation from Rostechnadzor and begins with checking the developer’s license.

The Mega.ru company accepts orders for the development of power supply systems for all types of administrative, residential and commercial buildings, including the design of highly reliable power supply networks for data centers and financial institutions. You can clarify the terms of cooperation and place an order for project development by calling the numbers published in the section.

A partial selection of sheets from the electrical supply project is located at the end of the project description.

IN this project building includes:- internal electric lighting; - Power equipment; (ventilation, technological equipment) The electrical equipment project was developed on the basis of the following tasks: - architectural and construction drawings; - technical assignments of the HVAC, VK, etc. departments; - technical specifications of the Customer. Power supply of the building with office space and parking is provided from the city electrical network voltage 380/220V with solid grounding of the neutrals of power transformers through ARU1 and ARU2. Type of grounding system TN-C-S. In accordance with SP 31-110-2003, electrical receivers in terms of the degree of reliability of power supply belong to category II; fire alarm devices, instrumentation, elevator and emergency lighting - to category I.

The input and distribution devices are of the VRU-8504MU type and are installed in the electrical panel room located on the 1st floor. Devices general accounting electricity are located on input distribution devices, individual accounting- in floor panels. are provided the following types lighting: - working; - safety and evacuation lighting; - repair. Exit signs are installed along evacuation routes, exit signs are installed in the parking lot at a height of 500 and 2000 mm from the finished floor level. Illumination values ​​are adopted in accordance with MGSN 2.06-99 and are indicated on the plans. All rooms have fluorescent lamps.

Electrical networks are made with flame retardant cables with low smoke and gas emissions with copper conductors of the VVGng-LS brand. Distribution networks are laid along the technical underground on trays, behind the false ceiling of the 1st floor on trays, risers in specially equipped niches. Group lighting networks are laid: - behind suspended ceilings on trays; - in rooms without suspended ceilings V PVC pipes laid in the preparation of the floor above the underlying floor. Group networks of power electrical equipment are laid: - to sockets behind suspended ceilings on trays, drops in fireproof PVC pipes; - to electric motors - in fireproof PVC pipes laid in the floor preparation.

In accordance with the requirements of the PUE to the panels are carried out with five-wire lines, group lines - with five-wire and three-wire lines.

To protect against electric shock, RCD-VAD2 is installed on power panels on the lines to plug sockets. To protect electrical networks, adopted circuit breakers, installed in distribution panels VRU-8405MU and group panels. Installation height of electrical installation products from the floor: - switches - 900 mm; - plug sockets - 900 mm (with the exception of technological sockets, the installation height of which is indicated on the plans). The cross-sections of the electrical network wires are selected according to the permissible current loads with testing for voltage loss. All metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment, shield frames, starting apparatus housings and metal cases lamps must be grounded by connecting to the neutral protective conductor of the electrical network. Grounding must be carried out in accordance with the PUE section. 1.7 and 7.1. At the entrance to the building there is a potential equalization system that connects the following conductive parts: - protective neutral conductor “PE”; - both ASUs of the building; - metal pipes communications entering the building; - metal parts of the building frame; - metal cable sheaths; - grounding device of the lightning protection system; - systems central heating and ventilation