Wooden windows great views and how to open. Types of wooden windows. With one sash
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Wooden windows are back in fashion. However, modern models differ in many ways from previous copies. They have a more aesthetic and presentable appearance that can radically change the image of the home. Today we will talk about what are the advantages and disadvantages of wooden windows.
Features and components
Windows are essential elements of any home. Their choice should be approached as responsibly as possible, balanced, since these designs are acquired for more than one year. Fortunately, the choice of various windows today is very wide. Therefore, you can choose the best option for any wallet and style of home execution.
Environmentally friendly wooden windows look stylish and natural. They fit into many interior styles.
Contrary to popular belief, wooden windows do not look cheap or old fashioned. With the help of them, you can transform the home and make it much richer, which is possible due to the texture of the array.
The main feature of wooden windows is the fact that they can "breathe". Due to this quality, wood structures contribute to maintaining a comfortable microclimate in the home. These parts have the ability to absorb moisture into their structure, giving it away in excess. Not all window structures can currently boast of such a feature.
The production process of wooden frames has some distinctive features. Frames and sashes are most often made of glued beams. This material consists of 3 main parts, which are stronger and more reliable than solid elements.
It should be noted that glued timber is less prone to drying out and deformation. The average thickness of this material is usually about 8 mm. Therefore, the result is a product that easily tolerates harsh climatic conditions.
During the production process, conscientious manufacturers cover wooden parts with special compounds that protect them from:
- influence of high humidity;
- decay;
- mold and mildew growth.
In addition, impregnations can prevent the appearance of cracks in natural material. The compositions can be applied in several ways. This type of treatment occurs under the action of pressure, immersion or dousing in a closed chamber. Protective agents are also applied by surface or vacuum treatment. The second method is considered more reliable and effective, as it guarantees deep penetration of the impregnation into the material.
When the process of treating wood with a protective compound is completed, it is necessary to proceed to priming the foundations. This stage is necessary so that the paint and varnish mixtures that will be applied in the future adhere more reliably to the material. For decorating wooden windows, eco-friendly water-based paints are most often used.
Instead, it is permissible to use a special tinting varnish, through which the natural structure of the tree is always clearly visible.
Wooden windows are often complemented with a variety of decorative components (for example, glass bindings). These parts can be made of silicone, metal or wood. Fix them in the inside of the double-glazed window or on the outside of the glass.
Most often, in the manufacture of wooden windows, fasteners, mechanisms, fittings and decor are imported. In one design, various styles can effectively overlap with each other, which can transform the interior.
As for the glasses themselves, they are no different from those specimens that are available in plastic frames. Double-glazed windows are made with one or more chambers. At the end of production, wooden frames are always treated with fire-fighting agents that make them safer. Wooden windows are distinguished by reliable and thoughtful designs, in which there are different components:
- One of the main details is double glazing. It consists of several parallel and hermetically sealed glasses in the frame, which are responsible for the heat-insulating properties. In this design there is a profile consisting of 3 layers. This part also undergoes pre-processing.
- Wooden windows must have high quality fittings- Another important component of such structures. These elements should be represented by rotary mechanisms, opening / closing systems, as well as mounting parts.
- aluminum profiles attached to the outer part of the sashes, as well as at the bottom of the frames. These components are needed to drain water that enters the window.
- To achieve a tight fit of the sashes and the frame, use special seals. These elements consist of rubber elastic bands, which are then inserted into the grooves.
We must not forget about additional components, such as slopes, low tide and window sill. The largest size has a double-glazed window. It occupies an impressive area of the entire structure, therefore it is considered the main component. In wooden products, double-glazed windows are used, in which there is a different number of glasses. There can be from 2 to 4. The weight of the window structure as a whole directly depends on this indicator.
Simple windows for a country house can have a single-chamber double-glazed window, which will easily cope with its main task.
If you are choosing designs for a city apartment, it is better to turn to options with a large number of glasses (double or triple). These copies will provide additional sound insulation of the home.
To reduce the degree of noise penetration from the outside, you can use double-glazed windows in which the glasses have different thicknesses.
To do this, a denser part is installed from the side outside the street. As a rule, glass in wooden windows is characterized by significant heat loss.
To solve this topical problem, you can use elements with a special coating or films. It is also possible to refer to pumping argon into the air chambers.
Types by design
If earlier wooden windows had simple and uncomplicated designs, today on the market you can find copies of a variety of modifications. Let's take a closer look at the most popular of them.
Russians
Russians are simple windows with a separate wooden part. In such designs, there is one box, as well as two successively opening doors with glass. High-quality Russian windows are made from solid pine. At the same time, the sashes in them have a thickness of not more than 40 mm.
The main disadvantage of such structures is the fact that in conditions of high humidity and temperature changes they can warp or deform. A small width profile does not allow for multi-profile milling. Therefore, in such windows it is not possible to install several sealing circuits. For this reason, the sashes in such a frame do not fit snugly against the frame.
Finnish
The Finnish wooden window has a wide frame (up to 180 mm), as well as 2 sashes that open in sequence. In this case, the outer sash is supplied with simple glass, and the inner one has a double-glazed window with one chamber. In this case, the sash, located outside, can be made of wood and aluminum.
In Finnish windows, the sashes are fastened together using a special mechanism, thanks to which they can be opened simultaneously or separately from each other. For the latter method, you only need to open the mechanism with a couple of movements. Boxes and sashes of this design are most often made from natural solid wood.
Glued laminated timber options are much less common. The cross section of the Finnish window is only 40x40 mm. Due to such parameters, these structures look neat and elegant, but they do not have the standard advantages of glued beams. The sashes in such models are not pressed tightly around the perimeter due to the features of the fittings. For this reason, Finnish windows cannot be equipped with tilt and turn mechanisms.
Norwegian or Scandinavian
Such designs are a combination of different types of windows. They include the following elements:
- internal two-chamber double-glazed window;
- external single glazing.
In this case, double-glazed windows are installed using a rubber gasket, and not a sealing mixture. Outside, these parts are fixed with self-tapping screws and glazing beads.
French
French panoramic windows look especially expensive and elegant. In such models there is a considerable number of bindings. Opening / closing of such windows occurs by folding, lifting or sliding apart. Most often, such sliding systems are made from practical and durable glued laminated timber.
English
Such designs are a solid frame in which there is a neat binding. They open upwards while being in a vertical position. Most often in such windows there is only one glass.
German
Otherwise, such options are called eurowindows. They appeared on the market due to the installed high-quality European-made fittings. These components are mounted around the entire perimeter of the sash. In such models, it is possible to adjust and tilt-and-turn opening. In addition, German windows are equipped with a large number of locking mechanisms. Eurowindows have a design of the main window frame and sash.
At the same time, the latter has a double-glazed window (usually two-chamber), which fits well into the harsh Russian climate. Using such structures is easy and simple: they open with one movement. In the manufacture of German wooden windows, timber is most often used, having a thickness of 68-88 mm.
Depending on this part, a special multi-circuit seal is made, as well as grooves for fittings and a double-glazed window with a width of 44 mm. Modern German windows are enviably popular. They have several main advantages that should be characteristic of reliable window structures. They are:
- warm;
- durable;
- durable;
- convenient to operate.
The service life of a high-quality German window is 70 years. In this case, the positive qualities of glued laminated timber played an important role, which made such structures more practical and resistant to wear. In the production of eurowindows, timber glued from 3 lamellas is used. In this case, these parts are glued together so that the wood fibers are located in different directions. Such a design is not subject to destructive drying and deformation.
Deaf
Wooden windows are deaf. Such structures are static and do not have functional details. They cannot be opened or closed. The cost of these options is significantly lower, since they do not have functional fittings. These windows are often equipped with several double-glazed windows, between which there is an impost.
wood-aluminum
Such window structures are made of wood, but at the same time they have an external sheathing of aluminum. Such window options are considered more reliable, durable and durable, which is why they cost more than simple copies.
aluminum-wood
Regardless of the similar name, such a window has nothing to do with the above option. In this case, the supporting base of the entire structure is made of aluminum. The inserts in it are wooden lamellas that completely cover the entire window inside the living space. A wooden insert transforms such a window, making it more neat and aesthetic.
Being present indoors, you will see a wooden structure made of noble tree species. The distinctive qualities of these models are their low weight, long service life and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, in the Russian market, these types of window structures could not gain a foothold due to their high cost. Therefore, it is not so easy to meet them.
With one sash
For single-leaf turn-and-turn and tilt-and-turn window designs, the sash opens only horizontally. Most often, these windows open inwards. However, there are also instances with an external mechanism. As for the tilt-and-turn sash, it can be opened horizontally and vertically.
double leaf
Double-leaf deaf tilt-and-turn windows are most often made of glued laminated timber. They have 2 doors. One of them is deaf, and the second is tilt-and-turn, which opens and reclines on a suspension located in the lower part. Currently, these types of windows are very popular and are found in many dwellings.
with impost
The impost is a profile made of wood, with the help of which it is possible to connect several separate wings into a single structure. This part is used for the porch of the sashes, as well as their hanging. Wooden window structures with impost are rightfully recognized as the most reliable, durable and wear-resistant. Of course, such models are much more expensive than blind windows, since they contain fittings.
Shtulpovye
Such types of wooden windows open and close according to the same principle as the above. They have dependent sashes that are securely fixed with a tongue and groove. At the same time, the first of them is complemented by tilt-and-turn fittings and a handle, and the second does not have a handle at all. In such a mechanism, the second leaf opens only if the first one is open at that moment. If both wings are open, then the opening will be absolutely free, since in this design there is no such component as an impost.
Advantages and disadvantages
There are many modifications of wooden windows. If you wish, you can choose a suitable design for any wallet and taste of the owner. However, before you go to the store for such designs, you should consider in detail what pros and cons they have. To begin with, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the advantages characteristic of wooden windows.
First of all, it is necessary to highlight the attractive appearance of such structures. With their help, you can transform not only the facade of the building, but also the interior. Wooden windows are environmentally friendly and safe for human health. These structures have good thermal insulation properties.
Modern types of wood are not afraid of temperature changes and natural vagaries. High-quality wood structures do not accumulate static electricity, as, for example, PVC structures. For this reason, such windows will not attract dust. They don't have to be cleaned too often.
According to homeowners and experts, wooden windows have good soundproofing properties. Even at high temperatures and under the influence of ultraviolet rays, natural wood does not emit harmful and dangerous substances that are detrimental to the health of households. Wooden windows fit easily into many interiors and blend harmoniously with most pieces of furniture. Wooden windows are resistant to condensation. These designs provide excellent ventilation indoors.
Such windows are characterized by good tightness. They look stylish, they can be an adornment of a certain interior composition, hinting at the well-being of the owners of the house. Of course, wooden windows have their drawbacks. Let's pay attention to them:
- Such designs are expensive, and options in the production of which elite breeds are used have exorbitant prices.
- Over time, wooden windows will begin to leak moisture and deform. These problems can only be avoided with the help of protective equipment. It is impossible to forget about the care of such structures.
- Wooden profiles will have to be not only constantly treated with special impregnations, but also to refresh their appearance, for example, to tint.
- Wooden structures are subject to fire. They are highly flammable and actively support a flame.
That is why experts advise buying high-quality and safe designs that have undergone special processing during the manufacturing process (such products are less susceptible to fire).
Execution materials
Wooden windows are made from various types of wood. Consider the most relevant of them:
- Larch. This material retains a beautiful golden hue and natural pattern for many years. In terms of its characteristics, larch is in many ways similar to African tree species, but it is much cheaper.
- Pine. This material is softer and more pliable. Pine windows look especially good in timber houses. Such products are cheaper. However, it must be borne in mind that pine does not tolerate high levels of humidity.
- Oak. Oak windows are the perfect solution for a classic interior. Such designs are considered elite and are expensive.
- The Red tree. This material is luxurious. If you want to give your home a touch of chic and pretentiousness, you should turn to mahogany windows.
Windows often consist of combinations of different materials, such as wood and plastic or wood and aluminium.
Where can you install?
Eco-friendly and "breathing" windows made of natural wood can be installed:
- in the country;
- in the guest house;
- multi-storey country house;
- city apartment;
- on the balcony;
- on the loggia.
Nuances of installation and adjustment
Installation of wooden windows is quite possible to do it yourself. However, for this you need to take into account some of the nuances associated with this work. First you need to get rid of the old window structures. When you remove them from the opening, you need to thoroughly clean it and carefully align the freed blocks. After that, be sure to check the level of deviation of the opening.
- To fix the frame, you should use screws with an interval between them from small gaps (no more than 70 cm).
- Spacers should be installed between the frame and the wall.
- The opening between the wall and the window should be sealed with a special compression tape, as well as high-quality mounting foam.
- After that, you need to adjust the sash. Please note that incorrect adjustment of these elements can cause cracks in the glass.
- After a day, you can begin to install the slopes.
Is it possible to make high-quality wooden windows with your own hands? — It turns out that if you have tools, skill and a detailed plan, you can, and in this article we will tell you how.
This material is about handicraft production in "home conditions", about industrial production eurowindows we tell in this article:.
Plastic windows are in high demand among consumers, but wooden windows and doors are a budget-friendly and more environmentally friendly option. Since it is not difficult to make a wooden window on your own, many install them in their summer cottages. The main thing is to understand how the window structure works. In order for the product to turn out to be of high quality, it is necessary to follow the production technology, the rules for processing wood and the assembly method. A step-by-step instruction with a detailed description will help with this.
Do you want to order ready-made wooden windows from the Moscow production of Dentro Windows with a 5-year guarantee? Below are examples of prices per m2:
| single leaf | double leaf | tricuspid | balcony block |
| from 12 500 rub | from 12 800 rub | from 13 400 rub | from 12 500 rub |
Calculate the cost of wooden windows in the company
(Only for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region), send a request to calculate the cost:
Wooden windows are designs that will never lose their relevance and demand from the buyer. They are environmentally friendly, durable, reliable. Windows made of natural wood will not let any cold or draft into the house, and thanks to the variety of shapes and colors of designs, you can choose the best option for any stylistic interior solution, from strict classics to fashionable and ultra-modern hi-tech.
In the article we will talk in detail about wooden windows: consider their advantages and features, production materials, main varieties. We will also consider the features of the installation of window structures made of wood and the rules of operation.
Advantages of wooden windows
In terms of technical characteristics, modern wooden window structures are not much inferior to metal and plastic products and are incomparable in quality and reliability with windows that were actively used in Soviet housing construction.
Designs are made using innovative technologies that allow preserving the natural advantages of natural wood and at the same time giving the finished windows increased strength, resistance to negative environmental factors, and durability.
Wooden windows - aesthetics and environmental friendliness!
Modern wooden windows are aesthetic structures that are not subject to the deformation process, equipped with high-quality fittings, treated with resistant lacquer and coloring compositions.
- Wooden windows compare favorably with similar products made of PVC and metal with the following advantages:
Wood is a material of natural origin, so wood windows are 100% environmentally friendly and safe products. During operation, wooden structures do not emit toxic substances, do not contain harmful chemicals and the compositions used for their processing. - The structure of wood implies a slow pace of the air exchange process and therefore a climate that is healthy and comfortable for living is created in the room.
- Compared to plastic counterparts, wood retains heat better, keeps its shape and retains its attractive appearance and useful functionality longer.
- Structures made of natural wood do not accumulate an electrostatic charge, and therefore dust does not collect on them.
The indisputable advantage of window structures made of natural wood is their noble, refined appearance, which can become an adornment of any interior.
Frame materials
For the manufacture of frames of wooden windows, various tree species are used. Consider the most popular wood species in the production process and their technical characteristics.
Pine
Pine is the most popular type of wood for wooden windows. Pine is the most popular material for making window frames. This tree species is valued not only for affordability, but also for ease of processing. Also, the advantages of pine products include:
- The low weight of the structures, due to which there is no significant load on the fittings and, accordingly, its useful life as a whole increases;
- Resistance to temperature changes;
- Beautiful natural texture.
But pine frames also have significant disadvantages. Pine wood is soft and therefore vulnerable to mechanical damage. Moreover, pine absorbs moisture and if the structures are not treated with a special compound, the wood may turn blue and begin to rot.
Oak
Oak windows are structures characterized by solid durability. With proper care and maintenance, oak frames can serve flawlessly for up to 90 years or more! Oak wood does not absorb moisture from the external environment and is not subject to decay processes.
Useful advice: Despite the strength and moisture resistance of oak frames, they still need to be treated with special antiseptic solutions, without which woodworm pests can start in the tree.
Oak has a dense structure and therefore products made from it are not deformed, their surface will be difficult to scratch or somehow damage.
Luxurious oak wooden window There are not many disadvantages of oak structures, but it is important to consider them. Products have a considerable weight, therefore, in their manufacture, the profile is made as thin as possible, and the windows themselves are of medium size. Also worth knowing - oak windows are expensive. Just one window from this valuable tree species can cost you 40 thousand rubles or more.
Larch
Larch is a unique tree. Its wood contains phytoncides and has natural antiseptic properties, and therefore mold or fungus will never start in larch structures.
Larch windows Larch frames are the best option in terms of price and quality. Products from this tree species are durable, resistant to moisture, aesthetic appearance. Durability is another plus of larch frames, since this breed is resistant to wear and can withstand increased loads.
Meranti
Meranti is an exotic tree native to South Asia. The benefits of meranti products include:
- Exclusive aesthetic products. Meranti wood is distinguished by the nobility of texture and color;
- The material has excellent indicators of strength, density and durability, it retains heat well and prevents noise and other extraneous sounds from entering the room;
- Meranti frames will not lose their attractiveness under the influence of aggressive environmental factors: moisture, ultraviolet radiation.
Wooden window made of Meranti wood The only disadvantage of products from this rare breed will be the high price of frames in stores and from manufacturers. But the inflated cost of meranti frames will quickly pay off with their unique technical characteristics.
Profile Features
A wooden frame can be called a profile purely conditionally, since when it comes to window structures made of natural wood, the term “profile” refers to a number of parameters:
- tree species;
- timber thickness;
- Application of additional overhead elements.
For the manufacture of window structures, timber of various thicknesses is used, but for the conditions of Russia, lumber with a thickness index of at least 78 millimeters will be optimal.
Sectional profile of a two-chamber wooden window In the production of window frames, it is unacceptable to use wood with knots, cracked, with an abundance of resin pockets and a core part. It is extremely important that high-quality dried wood be used for the manufacture of the profile, and for its additional processing - environmentally friendly varnishes and paints, without toxic substances in the composition.
It is impossible to check the quality of wood drying in the finished profile. Therefore, in order to purchase high-quality window structures for your home, you should place an order for them from a trusted manufacturer, with an impeccable reputation among buyers, and also purchase certified products.
Characteristics of a double-glazed window
A double-glazed window is the largest element in the size of a window structure, and therefore close attention should be paid to its characteristics.
The greatest demand from the modern buyer is single-chamber and double-glazed windows. The soundproofing and heat-insulating properties of the window depend on the number of chambers, the more there are, the better the indicated indicators of the structure.
The type of double-glazed window is selected depending on the living conditions, as well as the climate. If you live in a region with a cold damp climate, and your house is located on a noisy street, double-glazed windows are the best option.
You can order designs with triple glazing, but you should not forget that such windows will have considerable weight.
glass type
Wooden windows can be fitted with different types of glass. Consider the most popular types of glasses and find out their characteristics in detail:
- selective glass. Material of this type will allow you to create a comfortable microclimate for living in the house, regardless of environmental conditions. A special coating on the surface of the glass will prevent the heat from escaping from the room, but at the same time freely let the sun's rays into the rooms.
- Triplex glass is valued for its increased strength, safety and high noise-absorbing properties.
- For the southern regions, wooden windows with sun-protection glasses can be a good option. The material absorbs direct sunlight and will not allow them to penetrate into the premises.
- Tempered glass is a material that can withstand severe temperature fluctuations.
It is extremely rare that reinforced glass is used in wooden window structures, which is a material of increased strength and fire safety.
Hardware selection
High-quality fittings must be installed on a wooden window, otherwise the design will not last long. Since the weight of the frame and the double-glazed window can be significant, the choice of fittings should be approached responsibly.
The window handle can be made of different materials and perform a variety of functions. The design of the element is often supplemented with a lock that will not allow the window to be opened without performing certain actions. This option of fittings is optimal for installation if there are small children in the house who, out of curiosity, can try to open the window. If you want additional protection of the premises from unauthorized entry, it makes sense to choose anti-burglary handles for windows, equipped with a blocking mechanism.
Hinges on wooden windows are most often installed in the following varieties:
- Overhead. The hinges in this case will be clearly visible, but if they are chosen correctly according to the design, then the fittings are quite capable of becoming an additional window decor.
- Screw-in. The use of hinges of this type will allow you to get the most reliable and durable fastening of the frame to the sash.
Mortise hinges can also be used, which are invisible in the design, but their use will allow the window to be opened as wide as possible.
Window fittings also include special locks, which can be additionally equipped with a product. They will protect against burglary and will not allow the baby to open the window without the help of adults.
Types of wooden windows
Window structures made of natural wood are graded into varieties according to the method of opening the sashes and design.
Russian windows
Russian windows have two sashes and one frame. The doors of the product open sequentially and each of them is equipped with glass. Most often, windows of this type are made of solid wood, and have a profile thickness of not more than 40 millimeters.
Russian window Due to the narrow and rather thin profile, Russian windows are vulnerable to deformation processes, poorly withstand contact with moisture, and are sensitive to temperature changes.
eurowindows
Constructions of this type got their name due to the fact that fittings of European brands, mainly German ones, are installed on them. Fittings are placed around the entire perimeter of the product, which allows you to adjust the process of opening the sash.
Eurowindows also differ in design: they consist of a frame and a sash in which a two-chamber double-glazed window is installed. The eurowindow opens as simply as possible - literally with one movement, which facilitates both the process of operating the structure and caring for it.
For the manufacture of eurowindows, not solid wood is used, but glued laminated timber with a thickness of 68 to 88 millimeters. The impressive thickness of the profile allows you to make a high-quality window seal and install a wide double-glazed window into it.
Eurowindows are the best choice for the Russian climate Eurowindows are the best option for a wooden window for the Russian climate, since products of this type are distinguished by strength, durability, resistance to wear, increased loads and the action of various aggressive environmental factors.
Finnish windows
Finnish-style windows traditionally use expensive and ultra-modern types of glass - tinted, energy-saving, impact-resistant. Finnish windows differ from other varieties in a two-chamber design, which allows you to complement the product with beautiful inter-frame blinds.
Finnish products can be of different widths and heights, have one or two doors. In the second option, a double or triple glazing is placed in the inner sash, which ensures high sound and heat insulation of the structure.
Finnish windows The material for the production of Finnish windows is glued laminated timber, so they turn out to be reliable and strong, but the products have a number of disadvantages:
- Basically, these are swing-type structures;
- Significant window weight.
It is worth knowing that Finnish windows will not be a budget option for the price either.
norwegian windows
The Norwegian window is made from a natural wood massif of a northern pine or a larch. These are not only durable, but also aesthetic products that have the longest possible useful life.
Norwegian windows are practical and aesthetic, but do not have significant advantages. The type of opening of Norwegian windows is tilt-and-turn, the design provides for the presence of a double-glazed window. By weight, the product will be heavier than the euro window, but lighter than the Finnish window.
Installation of wooden windows
Before moving on to the process of installing a wooden window structure, you will need to prepare the necessary tool for the job. In window installation, you can not do without the following tools and materials:
- Screwdriver;
- fasteners;
- Perforator;
- Small file;
- Building level;
- Foam gun;
- Roulette;
- Spatulas and brushes;
- Scotch tape.
Work on the installation of the window structure will consist of several main stages:
- Preparation of openings for the installation of windows. The preparatory process begins with the dismantling of old structures, which are important to be carried out carefully so as not to damage the integrity of the opening. After removing the old glazing, all voids in the opening are filled with insulating materials, and the opening itself is thoroughly cleaned of dust and debris.
- Installation of a window structure. It begins with the placement of a frame or box in the inside of the opening, after which the element is leveled and installed on the bars. The structure is fixed. To fix the window in the opening, you can use different types of fasteners. The specific type of fasteners is selected based on the design of the window and opening.
- After the structure is firmly fixed in the opening, all mounting seams are filled with a foam gun.
Useful advice: Mounting foam expands during the drying process and therefore, when filling the joints, it should be used sparingly. Too much foam in the seam can cause the frame to warp.
The installation of a wooden window is a technologically simple process, but if you do not have at least a minimum of carpentry skills, you have not carried out repairs yourself, it is advisable to entrust the work to professionals.
Operation features
If you want the wooden windows in your house to serve for a long time and not lose their visual appeal or functionality, you should familiarize yourself with the features of the operation of window structures made of natural wood in advance.
Wood is a material that is extremely sensitive to the action of external factors: moisture, temperature changes. In addition, it is combustible, prone to damage by pests, fungus or mold. Modern designs are supplied by manufacturers in a processed form - all window elements are covered with special varnishes and protective compounds, but this does not mean that the product does not need regular maintenance.
Re-treatment of products with antipyretics and antiseptics will need to be carried out periodically. When washing windows, carefully inspect the structure for defects in the coating and if it is cracked, chipped in some places - this means that the product must be treated with protective solutions, and then varnished or painted.
Control of the working condition of fittings and seals is carried out once a year. If you see that the elements have begun to become unusable, do not delay replacing them.
Wooden windows will need to be periodically cleaned of dirt and dust and this should be done using gentle detergents that do not contain caustic chemical components that can destroy the integrity of the material structure.
Conclusion
Wooden windows are a great option for both a private house and an apartment. The structures have excellent technical characteristics and high aesthetics, they can become an adornment of any interior and create coziness and a comfortable microclimate in the room.
You can choose wooden windows for every taste and wealth, the main thing is to approach the selection of products carefully and competently.
Reading 10 min.
Glazing of openings in a residential area does not always allow the use of plastic structures that have already become traditional. Country houses, log cabins, as well as some design solutions look more harmonious if the translucent openings in them are filled with wooden windows.
This is not about Soviet-made products familiar to many, which are still found in some high-rise buildings to this day. Modern wooden windows are complex, high-quality and environmentally friendly structures, and their presence, as a rule, indicates the wealth and serious approach of the owner to arranging his home.
Construction of wooden euro-windows
The design of modern wooden windows includes the following elements:
- Frame. Basic component, which is directly mounted in the opening. It is made of massive glued laminated timber to give the product maximum rigidity.
- sashes. Are established in a frame, happen opening or deaf. The leaf profile is less massive than that of the supporting structure, as it is not subject to significant loads. In addition, excess weight negatively affects the fittings, contributing to its premature failure.
- Double glazing. Occupies the main area of the window. It is mounted either in the sash or directly in the frame (in blind elements). In wooden structures, as a rule, high-quality double-glazed windows are used, which provide a high level of heat and sound insulation.
- Accessories. A set of mechanisms designed to ensure the opening and closing of structural elements in the appropriate positions. These mechanisms include canopies, handles, valves and so on.
- Seals. To ensure a tight connection of the frame to the sashes, the windows are equipped with elastic seals, which are mounted in special grooves of a wooden profile, in most cases on both sides (from the street and the room). This element is the first to fail, as the rubber loses its elasticity, so the seals are made removable for ease of subsequent replacement.
- Additional elements. Outside the window, after its installation, they put a drainage bar made of a metal or plastic profile. On the inside of the room, a window sill is mounted, which is also made of wood. To protect wood from the harmful effects of the environment outside the structure, an aluminum profile can be installed on the frame and sash.
As mentioned above, the frame and sashes of wooden Euro-windows are made of glued beams. This is done in order to eliminate the deformations that solid bars of large cross section are subject to. Deformations occur as a result of seasonal changes in ambient temperature and humidity. Since the tree is rather difficult to dry to zero, it dries out a little already in the product. As a result, the beam warps, and if it is a solid part, the deformations will be significant, which will cause problems with closing and tightness of the structure. Parts made from several elements are free from these disadvantages.
As a rule, 3-4 blanks (lamellas) are glued, while it is necessary to ensure that the direction of the fibers in two adjoining lamellas does not coincide.
Varieties of double-glazed windows
Fittings for wooden euro-windows
Unlike plastic products, wooden structures have a noticeably larger mass, which forces the use of mechanisms that are more durable and resistant to wear. Otherwise, fittings for wooden windows are similar to those for other translucent structures and are classified depending on the following factors:
- Sash opening direction;
- How to open the sash;
- Material used for production.
Read also: How to choose fasteners for a plastic window?
By way of opening
- Swivel. Applicable for models in which only one-sided swing opening of the sashes is provided, for example, in Finnish windows. It can also be installed in any other structures (except for sliding ones), depending on the customer's wishes.
- Swing-out. This type of fittings, in addition to the traditional (swing) opening option, allows you to set the sash in the ventilation mode by tilting it in a given direction.
- Sliding. It is installed on a certain type of structures (English windows), includes a set of nodes and mechanisms for moving the sashes in a horizontal or vertical direction.
Material for the manufacture of fittings for wooden euro-windows
In wood structures, mechanisms made of metal, plastic and combined materials are used. There are also wooden elements, such as decorative overlays or handles for locking systems.
Naturally, the most loaded components of the structure are equipped with durable metal devices, plastic or combined parts are used mostly for decoration or in areas that are not subject to serious mechanical stress.
Types of wood used in the manufacture
Wood species (from left to right): oak, larch, pine
The most commonly used woods are:
- Pine. A common, inexpensive coniferous species that is widely used in construction and has all the necessary qualities for use in the manufacture of window structures. Pine is resistant to moisture, durable enough with appropriate processing, moreover, the most accessible and easy to process. Given the price of wooden windows, only the highest quality material is used in their production. That is, there are no knots, resin pockets and natural defects in it, in addition, only fine-layer wood that does not contain a core is suitable for the manufacture of euro-windows.
- Oak. Strong, hard and very durable material (100 years or more), with a beautiful texture and color. The main disadvantage is the high cost due to its rarity, labor-intensive preparation and processing difficulties. The high specific gravity of oak imposes a number of restrictions on the size of the opening doors, since not every fitting is able to withstand the loads that will arise later. Exposure to direct sunlight can also adversely affect oak (discoloration, cracking). Therefore, in window structures, it is either blocked from the street with aluminum lining, or in the process of gluing the timber, external lamellas from a different species (pine, larch) are used, which also has a positive effect on the price.
- Larch. Perhaps the most popular breed at the moment, as it combines a number of advantages of the options mentioned above. Resistant to weathering, not as strong as oak, but still significantly superior in strength to pine, durable, resistant to putrefactive formations and fungus. All possible defects (deformations, delaminations) on larch appear at the preparation stage, which allows you to choose a better quality material. Of the minuses, it is worth mentioning a significant mass comparable to oak.
Modern wooden windows are represented on the domestic market by a wide range of models. They differ not only in appearance and cost, but sometimes have fundamentally different performance characteristics - energy efficiency, durability, sound insulation level and light transmission. An unsuccessful purchase can deliver a lot of problems during operation. In order not to get into an unpleasant situation and not spend a substantial amount in vain, you need to have basic knowledge about the design of bindings, the functional features of fittings and double-glazed windows, as well as the properties of the most popular types of wood. In this article, we will explain in detail how to choose quality wooden windows.
Advantages of wooden windows
The new models made of eurobeam actually have nothing in common with joinery, which was mass-produced in the USSR. Thanks to improved manufacturing technologies for frames and sashes, as well as the use of double-glazed windows and functional fittings, modern wooden windows have a lot of advantages:tightness
Since today wooden windows are made of eurobar with excellent spatial rigidity, the sashes of such structures fit snugly against the frames. The use of high-quality fittings, sealed double-glazed windows and sealing contours further reduces the likelihood of blowing through.European timber window with high tightness
Shape stability
Multilayer elements used for window casings have a minimum coefficient of thermal expansion - they retain their original dimensions when heated and cooled. Thanks to this, the frames and sashes of wooden windows retain the correct shape geometry in winter and summer.Durability
In the production of multilayer lamellas, all detected defects - knots, resin pockets and rot - are completely removed from the raw materials. Then, in the process of manufacturing windows, all the constituent elements of frames and sashes are treated with protective antiseptic compounds, due to which the material becomes highly resistant to moisture and microorganisms.Excellent heat and sound insulation
Due to the presence of air pores in its structure, wood perfectly absorbs sound waves. The same property of the material helps it retain heat better. The most effective in terms of heat and sound insulation are soft woods.Functionality
The possibility of profiling timber for the manufacture of wooden windows allows you to equip these products with any fittings. This makes it possible to choose models with the most suitable way of opening the sashes.fire resistance
At high temperatures, glued eurobeam retains its shape well and, due to the treatment with special impregnations, does not burn, but chars. This quality preserves the functionality of windows during a fire.
The use of eurobar in the bedroom
Technical and operational features
Technical characteristics of wooden windows must comply with GOST 24700-99. This document reflects the main requirements for:- permissible dimensions and possible deviations from the nominal dimensions;
- heat and sound insulation of windows;
- wood quality;
- mass of active leaflets;
- technologies for connecting individual elements of sashes and frames;
- paint application method.
On average, standard-class models can last at least 50 years, and premium models can last up to 100 years or more. Existence of external aluminum protection prolongs time of operation of windows. When considering this issue, the durability of the coating of frames and sashes must also be taken into account. The outer paint layer of economy class windows lasts about 5-8 years. For standard and premium products, this period is extended to 15-25 years.
Where to start choosing wooden windows
The first step is to decide what functions wooden windows should perform. After all, the operating conditions, even within the same locality, are completely different, so it is necessary to compile a list of individual requirements for products. Here are the main points:- energy efficiency - depends on the region of residence;
- sound absorption - determined by the level of noise on the street;
- sun protection - necessary for long periods of direct exposure to sunlight;
- functionality - determined by the way the doors open;
- security level - depends on the location of the windows and the individual characteristics of their operation (the constant or frequent presence of children and hyperactive guests in the house).
What to look for when choosing wooden windows
The main characteristics of windows are influenced by a combination of factors. If something is overlooked, the product will not meet the requirements of the customer. As a result, it is always necessary to take a comprehensive approach to the issue of choosing windows.Automation for wooden windows
There are many situations when opening windows manually is inconvenient and irrational. The sashes may be too heavy, in an inconvenient place, or experience additional external loads.Andrey Igorevich Ignatiev, a window installer with 14 years of experience: “In order to increase the functionality of wooden windows, it is recommended to supplement their design with electric drives. These devices can be controlled both from the central panel, which is connected to various sensors, and using a conventional remote control or even a push button switch. They are best ordered together with windows even before the stage of installation of structures. Integrating automatic opening systems after installation can be costly or impossible. As a result, everything needs to be thought out at the stage of window design.”
Window automation today is represented by a wide range of electric drives and is compatible with almost all types of hinged and folding wooden windows.
Before buying automatic opening systems, it is imperative to calculate the optimal traction force. This will determine the exact value that is necessary for the normal opening of the valves in automatic mode.
Double-glazed windows for wooden windows
It is these elements that largely determine the light transmission capacity, as well as the sound and heat insulation of structures. Modern wooden double-glazed windows are highly energy efficient and do an excellent job of absorbing street noise. Depending on the modification, they are able to perform a number of additional functions - to ensure privacy and security, decorate the interior or protect from the sun.| Types of double-glazed windows | Individual characteristics | Recommendations for use |
|---|---|---|
|
Standard with one or two inner chambers |
Made from inexpensive 4mm float glass. The internal chambers can be filled with both air and inert gas, which slightly increases the level of heat and sound insulation of products. |
In regions with a temperate or warm climate and in cottages that are not used in winter and late autumn |
|
energy efficient |
They are made using special glasses with high light transmission and heat-insulating ability, having the thinnest metallized coating of k- or i-type |
In all regions of Russia |
|
shockproof |
Complete with triplex or tempered glass on the outer or inner side of the window structure |
On the ground and top floors, in rooms frequented by children and in living rooms |
|
stained glass |
Products are produced using natural stained-glass windows, fusing, sandblasted glass, polymer films, etc. |
In rooms that need to be decorated and protected from excess sunlight. These models also restrict visibility from the street. |
|
Sunscreen |
Made from reflex or mass-tinted glass |
With panoramic glazing, as well as in bedrooms and south-facing windows |
|
Electrochromic |
They are made using electrochromic glasses coated with a layer of crystals that can darken the window. Require voltage supply |
Can successfully replace solar and some stained glass windows |
|
heated |
On the inside, they are equipped with glass with a thermosetting coating. These models work from the network and additionally protect against eavesdropping |
In attic rooms, greenhouses, winter gardens and when performing panoramic glazing in openings with a large area |
|
Self-cleaning |
They are equipped with glass on the outside, which, with the help of sunlight and water, is able to independently decompose and remove dirt. |
In rooms with difficult access to the outside of the glazing |
For radius windows, it is possible to manufacture convex or concave double-glazed windows.
Hardware for wooden windows
Because wood is both flexible and durable, profiled timber can be adapted to integrate any fitting. This practically removes all possible restrictions on the direction of movement of the active shutters.| Opening method | Application area |
|---|---|
|
hinged |
In the upper or lower zone of windows with high frames |
|
swing |
When you need to save on accessories |
|
Swing-out with slotted micro-ventilation |
Optimal opening method for most residential or commercial windows |
|
Parallel sliding and sliding |
On balconies and loggias, as well as when performing panoramic glazing in wide openings and completing windows with multifunctional window sills |
|
Combined - "Accordion" or "Book" |
For panoramic glazing and installation of structures in narrow openings or in those rooms where there is not enough space for full swinging of solid sashes across the entire width of the opening |
The form
In addition to square and rectangular wooden structures, complex-shaped products are actively produced today. The plasticity of the source material allows you to make, which have a convex or concave shape. The production of arched, oval and round windows made of wood has also been established.All designs that have radius bends in any of the planes are made much longer than rectangular models. This is due to the peculiarities of technology.
Frame
Frames can have not only different dimensions and number of wings, but also a design. The durability, aesthetics, heat and sound insulation of wooden windows depend on these individual features.Wood
Quite a lot of species are used for the manufacture of windows, but pine, larch, oak and mahogany are popular in Russia. Each breed has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is recommended to carefully study the pros and cons of each of the proposed options.Coating
According to modern standards, the paintwork should be distributed absolutely evenly over the surface of frames and sashes. Its thickness cannot be less than 200 microns and it must be UV protected. Before painting, all wooden elements of window structures are impregnated with antiseptics and opened with a primer filling the pores. The application of the final protective and decorative coating is carried out in several stages, which alternate with careful and accurate grinding of the dried layers.Price
In Russia, the cost of one square meter of these products varies in the range of 6-14 thousand rubles. Moreover, in the regions of the country, the same models of modern wooden windows with double-glazed windows can have different prices. The cost largely depends on three factors - the type of wood, the individual features of the design of the binding and the functionality of the fittings.
What kind of wood to choose for the manufacture of windows
When deciding which wooden window to choose in order to meet the allocated budget and provide the perfect balance of price and quality, you need to consider all the characteristics in a comprehensive manner. Along with the features of the design and functionality, it is always necessary to take into account the breed factor. Today, walnut, pine, oak, beech, ash, larch, cedar and expensive species from tropical forests are used for the production of windows. Here are the main characteristics of the most popular models on our market:Pine windows
Economy-class products, for the manufacture of which modern processing technologies are used today. The use of eurobeams saved pine structures from their previous shortcomings - warping, cracking and the appearance of resin smudges.Larch windows
One of the most popular types of windows, high demand for which was ensured by adequate cost and good performance. These products belong to the standard class products. They have a pronounced surface pattern and do not lose their strength over time.
Oak windows
Until the moment when mahogany windows became widespread in Russia, it was oak products that were considered elite. However, the appearance of exotic species did not affect the merits of oak windows in any way.mahogany windows
For the production of such elite models, meranti or mahogany are usually used. These rocks have a relatively low weight with a high density, due to which they have a fairly high strength.
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
|
Frost resistance - frames and sashes do not deform even during severe frosts |
The need to carefully and regularly care for window sashes |
|
Pleasant to the touch velvety surface and respectable appearance |
The density of mahogany varies from 464 kg / m³ to 688 kg / m³, therefore, instead of high-quality wood, unscrupulous manufacturers can use too soft substandard material |
|
The ability to independently restore color when removing the top layer |
Random arrangement of fibers (frizz) slightly reduces the tensile strength of the material |
Design features of modern wooden windows
The designs of modern wooden windows of various modifications can fundamentally differ from each other. These products are usually divided into the following types:- single leaf;
- bivalve.
Wooden single sash windows
The frames of such wood products have a width of 68-90 mm. The presence in the lower part of the sample, which is made for the subsequent installation of ebbs and window sills, can be considered an individual feature of wood models. These windows are usually equipped with:- single or double glazing;
- fittings that provide folding, hinged, tilt-and-turn, sliding and folding ways of opening the sashes.
By analogy with plastic windows, for wooden structures, the outer perimeter of the frame should not be smooth, but profiled. This will provide better adhesion to the assembly seam and reduce the risk of depressurization.
Double glazed wooden windows
Double-leaf wooden windows are represented by several types that have certain differences. They were invented in Scandinavia, and they have excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics. High cost is the main factor holding back demand for these models. However, the price fully justifies itself, and the money invested is offset by tangible energy savings. The design of wooden windows of this type provides for the presence of two independent shutters - with double-glazed windows and single glazing. Such models retain heat much better.
Basic requirements for binding any windows
The durability, aesthetics, heat and sound insulation of windows is influenced by both the choice of wood species and a number of design features of frames and sashes. Moreover, technological nuances are often more important than what breed it is decided to make windows from. Here are a few important points to keep in mind:- clamping beads must have an influx around the entire perimeter of the wings;
- the lower elements of frames and sashes must be protected with special profiled aluminum lining;
- there can be no flaws on the wood - knots, serifs or resin pockets;
- to fix the individual elements of the window casing, dowel joints or tongue-and-groove locks are used.
The Dovetail angular connection system is the most unreliable, therefore it is recommended to immediately refuse such proposals from manufacturers.
Windows of foreign manufacturers
All these modifications are now produced in Russia, and they can be ordered for openings with different sizes. These windows are named after the countries where they were invented.Finnish windows
Due to the presence of additional glazing and a large frame width, Finnish windows have excellent heat and sound insulation. An important role in the absorption of street noise is played by the different thicknesses of the air chambers, one of which is located directly in the double-glazed window, and the second - between the inner and outer sashes. These models have their own distinctive features:- windows open only in one plane for plowing;
- a sash with a double-glazed window is located on the inside of the window unit;
- due to the presence of a special mechanism, the outer and inner leaves can open synchronously.
swedish windows
Compared to Finnish models, Swedish windows have a narrower frame, which reduces the distance between the glass of the inner and outer sashes. The width of the box for these products averages 100-120 mm. Such models are popular due to the following properties:- compact dimensions of the window, which has excellent heat and sound insulation;
- the ability to simultaneously tilt the sash for ventilation.
norwegian windows
These products differ from the Finnish ones only in that the sashes with double-glazed windows are located on the side of the street. Moreover, there is no factual evidence that such a window design is warmer.English windows
In the original version, these structures are elongated windows with vertically sliding sashes and single glazing, decorated with a decorative layout. During its existence, these products have been modernized. In Russia today, English windows with double-glazed windows are produced, which have excellent tightness, heat and sound insulation. They are recommended for installation in narrow high openings with multifunctional window sills.
french windows
These products are mainly used for glazing balconies or loggias in standard apartments and verandas with terraces in private cottages. They are also used as multi-section door blocks. A distinctive feature of French windows is glazing with a large area in the entire or almost the entire height of the opening. To reduce heat leakage through such overall structures, it is necessary to use energy-efficient double-glazed windows for their configuration. Despite the aesthetic appeal and excellent light transmission, these modifications are not recommended for use in regions with severe winters.The space inside the frame can be used for integration