Tangerine flower name and care. Buy orchids in Kyiv. Indoor flowers with delivery - Flora Life, online plant store. These varieties are suitable for growing at home

Rutaceae family. The homeland of mandarin is China, Japan, the Philippines, and Cochin China (Indochina). Botanical name Cītrus reticulata.

Types of tangerines

You probably noticed that tangerine fruits in the store have a wide variety of shapes, the thickness of the peel of the fruit, and the number of seeds. This is because the tangerine genus, like the orange, is very diverse. This applies not only to fruits, but also to other morphological characteristics: the size and shape of the bush, buds, flowers and ovaries. And in a store called “tangerine” they sell not only true tangerines, but also its hybrids (price and taste are important to the ordinary buyer, nothing more).

Non-hybrid tangerines (true tangerines, various varieties) are most often known by the name Unshiu Mandarin, although the correct botanical name is Citrus reticulata Blanco or Citrus reticulata var. unshiu, very often the name is written as Citrus unshiu, implying many varieties combined common name Unshiu mandarin (seedless).

Despite the varietal differences, all tangerines have green, leathery leaves of an elliptical shape, usually slightly corrugated, tapering at the ends, lionfish are absent or small. The timing of fruit ripening is different (there is a grouping according to early ripening). Tangerines in nature rarely grow more than 2.5-2.7 m, at home no more than 1.5 m. The crown is formed quite broadly branched (leafiness in different varieties different). Unshiu mandarin does not have a pronounced dormant period; the leaves that fall off during the year are replaced by newly formed leaves (leaf lifespan is 2-4 years). The flowers are white, five-petalled, appear in spring on short shoots from last year. Mandarins are propagated by grafting, air layering, cuttings, and seeds. The Unshiu tangerine bears fruit from the age of three to four, with proper agricultural technology.

The taxonomy of the mandarin genus has not been finally approved. But experts distinguish several groups of tangerines:

• Satsuma tangerines include varieties of several groups: Unshiu Unshiu, Wase Wase, Owari Owari, Ikeda Ikedu, Zairai Zairai, Mikado Mikado, King King, etc.
• A group of hybrid tangerines: calamondin, clementine, tangelo, tangerines, natsumikan, tangor, Nobils mandarin, Mediterranean mandarin, citrandarines, ichandarines.

For a simple gardener who has just started growing citrus fruits, it is usually enough to know that the purchased tangerine plant and care for it, like most citrus fruits.

A passionate citrus grower, he is usually in love with his work and tries to learn the whole story of each citrus tree. For him, the varieties differ in one glance: “Kovano-Vase” Kovano Wase - low-growing, dense trees, with brown rough bark, edged petioles, it has no thorns, flowers are single or in a small group and large, about 4 cm in diameter. The variety is popular on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.

But the variety "Okitsu" Okitsu Wase - originally from Japan, popularized all over the world (Spain, China, Argentina) - is also a short tree with a spreading but sparse crown, has small thorns, produces a huge number of fruits - therefore it is considered one of the most promising varieties (begins to bear fruit very early). But there is a small drawback - Okitsu is not the best option for indoor citrus growing if there is no special place for wintering. This variety is not only resistant to cold, it does not tolerate heat, dryness and needs a cold dormant period in winter.

Portuguese early variety Carvalhais Citrus reticulata "Carvalhais" - an upright growing tree, the leaves are usually long, pointed, like a clementine, the flesh is orange, juicy, pleasantly sour, and has numerous seeds. It is very popular in Portugal; it is very rarely exported, since the fruits are practically not stored and quickly spoil. This mandarin is a hybrid of unknown origin, one of the parents is believed to be the Mediterranean mandarin Citrus deliciosa.

• For European gardeners, the classification is generally simple; all tangerines are conventionally divided into groups: Goku Wase (very early varieties), Wase (early varieties) and Owari (late varieties).
• In the USA, tangerines are often sold with a bright orange or red color called tangerines - these are not real tangerines, their genetics have not yet been studied.

Tangerine care

Temperature: Tangerines require light and heat. Budding, flowering and fruit set best occur when average temperature air and soil + 17-18°C.

In winter, the tangerine needs to find a colder place - an insulated balcony is best. The upper permissible limit is 14-15°C, the lower 8-12°C - appropriate watering, from very moderate to meager. Lack of cold wintering can lead to the plant not bearing fruit. In addition, a large tangerine tree on the windowsill in heating season will invariably end up under the flow of hot air from the battery, this leads to drying out of the leaves, rapid reproduction of mites and other problems. If you don't have a place to spend the winter, use greenhouse film to block the edge of the window sill from the warm air in the room.

Lighting: from February-March to August at midday, very light shading is needed on a sunny window to protect the tangerine not so much from sunburn, but from heat and dryness. The ideal place for it is a south-east window, a place next to the south window (immediately behind tulle curtain), it will be too hot on a southwest window in summer. Northern windows are absolutely not for citrus fruits. The general plan is this: from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. - shading is possible, before and after - shading is not needed, the sun is welcome. In winter, the lower the temperature, the less the need for light. If the house is warm and there is no option for a cold winter, you will have to install two fluorescent lamps 40 W (white or blue light) 15-20 cm from the crown on both sides, so that the total daylight hours is at least 12 hours.

Watering: abundantly in summer and spring, after it dries out upper layer soil 5-6 cm from the top of the pot - every other day or two, and when it is very hot - every day, on cold damp days, moderate, be sure to check the soil with your finger. In autumn and winter, the frequency of watering depends on the air temperature; in cool conditions, watering is rare, after the soil has thoroughly dried. However, there is no need to overdry the soil to the point of dust - the leaves, ovaries, and fruits will begin to dry out and fall off. On the other hand, we must not forget that plants die from excess moisture. Therefore, it is important that the soil is loose and watering is adjusted so that the soil dries out within 4-5 days after watering.

Air humidity: It is advisable to spray tangerines in summer period, on dry hot days, but if they are kept in a room with central heating in winter, then they are sprayed two to three times a day in winter. If in the room hot battery, cover it with a damp towel.

Replanting: young trees must be replanted annually. Transplantation should not be carried out if the roots of the plant have not yet entwined the earthen ball. In this case, it is enough to change the top layers of soil in the pot - it is depleted and often oversaturated with insoluble salts. Fruit-bearing trees are replanted no more than once every 2-3 years. Replant before growth begins. It is not recommended to replant the plants after growth has finished. When transplanting, do not greatly destroy the earthen ball.

If you have just bought a young tangerine in a store, and even with fruits, you need to transfer it into a larger pot without disturbing the roots. The tangerine trees from the flower shop were grown in greenhouses and planted in peat - far from an ideal substrate for tangerines. But you can’t replace it right away - you will injure the roots and lose the fruit. Select a pot 2-4 cm larger than a store-bought one, add about 5 cm of drainage to the bottom (made of expanded clay, shards or broken bricks). Remove the tree from the old pot (if it doesn’t come out, cut it on both sides with a hot knife). Place in a new pot and add soil. If some of the soil crumbled when removed from the old pot, do not use it, but no more fresh soil should be added: the root collar in the new pot should be at the same level as it was in the old one.

• Soil for young tangerines: 2 parts turf, 1 part leaf soil, 1 part humus (manure that has been lying in a heap for 3-4 years), 1 part small pebbles (3-4 mm - coarse sand) 1 part vermiculite.
• Soil for adult tangerines: 3 parts turf soil, 1 part leaf soil, 1 part humus, 1 part small pebbles (3-4 mm - coarse sand), 1 part vermiculite.

The acidity of the soil for citrus fruits should be pH = 6.5-7. Avoid planting in highly acidic soil.

Feeding: when the tangerine tree begins to grow in the spring, you need to start feeding, but not earlier than a month after transplantation. It is best to alternate organic fertilizers with mineral ones for flowering plants. For organic matter, use an infusion of mullein or horse manure (1:10 with water). And mineral fertilizers - any for flowering ones, for example, Fertika-lux, Agricola, Pokon, etc. There are also special fertilizers for citrus fruits. Mandarin is very sensitive to potassium deficiency: the edges of the leaves turn yellow and dry out. If similar symptoms appear on your tangerine, you need to carry out additional foliar (leaf) nutrition with potassium. Use potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate), potassium carbonate (potassium carbonate, potash) or other chlorine-free fertilizers to fertilize tangerines; do not use fertilizers containing chlorine - potassium chloride, potassium salt, etc.

• If in winter the tangerine is not grown in warm home conditions, but stands at rest in a cold place (balcony, loggia, winter garden), then fertilizing is not needed. If growth continues, the formation of new leaves or fruit ripening. Continue to feed as in the summer, but be sure to add additional light.

Reproduction

Propagation of tangerines, as well as lemons, is usually carried out by grafting, cuttings, layering and seeds. At home, the most common method of propagating citrus fruits is cuttings, in which case the plants can bloom immediately after rooting. In this case, it is better to cut off the flowers and first allow the plant to grow and gain strength. But fruit trees grown from seeds can bloom, at best, in ten to fifteen years.

• By the way, if tangerine can be a scion and grafted onto various citrus fruits: lemon, orange, grapefruit, etc., then tangerine is practically not used as a rootstock. The reason for this is poor, slow callus formation, poor wound healing, vaccinations do not take root, and if they do take root, they are often rejected.

Another way to get a tangerine tree at home is to buy fresh tangerines from the store that still have cuttings at the base of the fruit. If the leaves are still fresh, urgently place the branch for rooting in a mini-greenhouse (soil, as for seeds) or, or graft if you have a suitable rootstock.

How to grow a tangerine from a seed

It is easy to grow a tangerine from a seed - you just need to soak the seed from the eaten fruit for 2-3 days in clean water. When the root hatches (the seed will crack and a small white tip will stick out from it), you need to plant it in a pot 6-7 cm in diameter, in a mixture of soil (universal for citrus fruits from the store) and vermiculite to a depth of 1 cm. Keep the soil moderately moist condition - do not overdry! The seed germinates within 2-3 weeks. After germination, place on a sunny windowsill.

It is also practically impossible to graft mandarin onto wild plants; it is a very weak and unpromising rootstock.

Growing problems

Tangerine can be affected by powdery mildew and other fungal infections: in this case, it is necessary to spray and water the tangerine with a solution of foundationazole, topaz, copper sulfate and other fungicides.

• New leaves become smaller, old ones turn yellow and fall off, there is no flowering, fruits do not set- not enough for the plant nutrients, you need to transplant it into nutritious soil; similar symptoms can also be observed when infested with mites.
• Yellow spots appear on the leaves or the edges of the leaves turn yellow, the leaves fall off prematurely- in case of excessive watering, the watering should have time to dry out at least in the upper third of the pot.
• Gray dry spots on leaves, wrinkled leaves- sunburn, pest damage.
• Sudden leaf drop- waterlogging of the soil, lack of light in winter, watering cold water, low indoor temperature in winter, excess nutrients in the soil or cold drafts.

Mandarin pests

Scale insects: look like brown convex plaques on the surface of leaves, petioles and stems, mainly along the veins, suck out cell sap. The leaves lose color, dry out and fall off. The buds and flowers dry out, the fruits fall off.

Control measures. Thoroughly spray the plant and water it with a solution of a systemic insecticide - aktar. After a day, wash off the leaves with strong pressure of warm water.

Spider mite: It is especially harmful when it is too dry and hot - the tops of the shoots wrinkle and do not grow, the leaves turn yellow and dry out, often the edges of the leaves curl inward and you can see a cobweb on the back of the leaf. The fruits fall off. There are many spider mites - some are visible to the naked eye (running red dots 0.5 mm in size), others can only be seen with a magnifying glass or microscope.

Control measures. The plant is washed with soapy water (baby soap, fairy), hold the foam for 2-3 minutes, and rinse under a hot shower (temperature about 45°C). Then dilute the garlic solution: 1 clove in a glass of water and spray the leaves, do not rinse. Repeat after 3-5 days. In case of very severe damage, the tangerine can be sprayed with a 0.15% solution of actellik (1-2 ml per liter of water) or karbofos.

In such cases, spraying with a solution of Epin, Narcissus or others gives good results.

Citrus reticulata) - evergreen flowering plant and its fruit. Tangerines belong to the dicotyledonous class, order Sapindaceae, family Rutaceae, genus Citrus.

The word “tangerine” has Spanish roots: mondar in Spanish means “to peel,” and the pulp of the tangerine peels off easily compared to other citrus fruits. The Spaniards gave this fruit the name mandarino, after which the word entered the Russian language.

Mandarin – description, characteristics, photo. How do tangerines grow?

Mandarin is an evergreen tree, reaching a height of 4 meters, although the height of a 30-year-old tree can reach up to 5 m, and the harvest can range from 5 to 7 thousand fruits.

The mandarin has a rather spreading rounded crown, the diameter of which can exceed 3.5 meters. The bark of the tangerine tree is light gray, and the young shoots are dark green. Tangerine leaves are small, leathery, pointed or ovate, and do not change color throughout the season. Each leaf lives about 4 years.

Mandarin flowers are often single or collected in pairs and located in the axils of the leaves.

The tree blooms from April to early summer, then the tree looks especially beautiful: the tangerine crown seems to be wrapped in a cloud of white or cream inflorescences emitting bright, pleasant aroma, somewhat similar to the smell of bergamot.

Tangerines are self-fertile plants and are pollinated by their own pollen, as a result of which many ovaries are formed and fruits begin to develop. Mandarin is a fairly early-bearing tree, and produces the first harvest 3-4 years after planting. The first growth of shoots occurs at the beginning of spring, the second wave of growth begins in mid-August.

Fruit formation occurs on the second growth of last year or on the first growth of this year. Tangerines ripen in October, and in December the harvest is completely harvested. Thus, tangerines grow and bear fruit within 7 months.

Mandarin differs from other citruses in its thin, easily peelable orange peel, and in a number of varieties the skin and pulp are separated by an air layer and practically do not touch each other.

The size of tangerine fruits ranges from 4 to 6 cm in diameter, and due to their flattened shape, the width of the fruit is noticeably greater than its height. Each tangerine fruit consists of several nests - lobules, usually 10-12, each of which contains 1-2 seeds.

Some varieties of tangerines contain no seeds at all.

The structure of the yellow-orange pulp of tangerine is similar to many citrus fruits (orange, lemon, orange) and is represented by numerous juice-containing sacs - spindle-shaped hairs filled with juice.

This structure is called hesperidium - one of the forms of a berry-like fruit.

Approximately 600-800 fruits are obtained from one plant per year; with age, fruiting becomes more abundant.

On average, a tangerine tree lives about 70 years.

Where do tangerines grow?

The homeland of mandarin is southern China and Cochin China (southeast of the Indochina Peninsula). Currently, orange fruits are widely cultivated not only in their homeland, but also in India, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Iran, USA, Abkhazia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Spain, the south of France, Italy, Brazil and other countries with a climate favorable for this crop.

Calorie content of tangerine

The calorie content of tangerine is 53 kcal per 100 grams of product.

Nutritional value of tangerine

Water – 85.17 g,

Proteins – 0.81 g,

Fats – 0.31 g,

Carbohydrates – 13.34 g,

Dietary fiber – 1.8 g.

Tangerines - benefits and harm

Beneficial features

Due to its rich chemical composition, tangerine is considered very healthy fruit. Tangerines have long and firmly established themselves as the main source of vitamins needed by the body during the cold season. The juicy pulp of tangerine contains the following substances:

• vitamins B, A, C, E, rutin;
• organic acids(including lemon and folic acid) and sugar;
• minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, zinc.
• phytoncides with antifungal and bactericidal properties.

The pulp and juice of tangerine improve appetite, and due to its low calorie content, the fruit can be consumed without fear for your figure.

The peel of tangerines contains 1-2% tangerine essential oil, as well as biological pigments, including carotene. These substances stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, promoting better digestion of food. The peel also contains glycosides that have a beneficial effect on the condition of blood vessels.

A decoction of dried tangerine peel soothes nervous system, and also has expectorant properties and helps with lung diseases (bronchitis, tracheitis). Rubbing tangerine pulp into the affected areas of the skin and nails helps get rid of fungus.

Tangerine seeds have also found their use in medicine:

• Potassium and sodium, which are contained in tangerine seeds, strengthen the cardiovascular system.
• Vitamins B and C prevent the development of heart attacks and strokes.
• Vitamin A takes part in the formation of collagen and prevents the development of skin diseases.
• Tangerine seeds are rich in polyphenols, the main function of which is to suppress the development of cancer.

Contraindications

Be careful! People suffering from chronic diseases of the stomach and kidneys should consume tangerines with extreme caution. It is not recommended to consume tangerines for the following diseases:

• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• Gastritis with high acidity;
• Enteritis;
• Colitis;
• Cholecystitis;
• Hepatitis;
• Acute nephritis;
• Diabetes;
• Allergy to citrus fruits.

Types of tangerines, varieties and photos

There is currently no single generally accepted classification of tangerines, so below is one of the many classifications of this fruit. In 1955 V.P. Alekseev identified 7 main groups of tangerines:

1. unshiu or satsuma ( Citrus unshiu)

It is actively grown in Russia and Europe as a houseplant, and is also cultivated in Crimea. The main advantage of this citrus is its resistance to low temperatures and full ripening even with a lack of sunlight.

The Unshiu mandarin is a short tree that grows under open air up to 2-3 meters in height, and as a houseplant - no more than 1.5 meters in height. The shoots of the spreading crown are slightly drooping, the tangerine leaves are leathery, dense, elongated oval in shape, with visible veins. Unshiu fruits are distinguished by thin, yellowish-orange skin with green color. Unshiu tangerine begins to bear fruit at the age of 3 years. Flowering occurs in May, when the tree is covered with numerous clusters of white oblong flowers, collected in groups of 4-6 pieces. In October, flattened fruits with an easily peelable peel and a weight of about 70 g appear. The fruits of unshiu mandarin do not contain seeds, so the main method of propagation of these plants is grafting onto another plant of the citrus genus.

Apogamous seedlings of unshiu mandarin gave birth to the following released varieties:

• • Pioneer 80 - a cold-resistant variety of tangerines intended for cultivation in the Krasnodar region. A tree up to 4.5 meters high with a spreading pyramidal crown produces a harvest in the second half of November. The fruits are distinguished by thin, easily peelable orange skin, tender pulp and a sour-sweet taste. The shape of the fruit is round-flat, and the weight is about 60-80 g;
  • Sochinsky 23 - an early-ripening, productive variety of tangerines with large, fragrant orange-colored fruits with sweet pulp with a slight sourness. The weight of the fruit is 65-80 grams. The shape of the fruit is pear-shaped or flat or rounded. This variety of tangerines is grown in Georgia and the Krasnodar region.

1. Citrus austere

a group of tangerine varieties of Chinese origin, which are distinguished by their rich red-orange peel color and sweeter taste than unshiu tangerines. All varieties of the Chinese group are characterized by a high sugar content (up to 13%) and low acid content.

One of the most famous varieties of this group is tangerine(lat. Citrus Tangerina)- a low compact tree with a dense crown and narrow leaves. Tangerine ripens earlier than unshiu tangerine, has a thicker peel and, like unshiu, does not contain seeds. The fruiting period lasts from October to April. In addition to the red-orange fruits, tangerine varieties with green peel color have been developed. Compared to mandarin, the citrus aroma of tangerine is weaker. The taste of the fruit is sweeter than that of an orange. The fruits themselves are easy to peel and divide into slices. Nowadays, the main supplier of tangerines is the United States, where this plant is cultivated to produce oil from the peel of the fruit. Not a large number of Tangerines are grown in Italy, on the island of Sicily.

1. Citrus deliciosa

Sino-Mediterranean group, whose representatives have a similar morphology to the Chinese group. One of the famous varieties is mandarin orange- a tree with a compact crown and dense dark green lanceolate-shaped leaves, up to 8 cm long and about 3 cm wide. The fruits are medium-sized, about 6-7 cm in diameter, have an oval-flattened shape.

1. Citrus reticulata

Sino-Indian varietal group of tangerines of great industrial importance in China and India. The most popular is considered golden mandarin or ponkan ( Citrus chrysocarpa), known in India as suntara (Suntara, Ponkan)- a variety of large orange tangerines with a round or oblong shape, some specimens have a navel. The peel is of medium thickness, easily peels off, the flesh is juicy, tender, sweet and sour, the seeds are small and few in number. The fruiting period is December and January. Grows in China, India, Brazil, Taiwan and the Philippines.

1. Mandarin noble (royal) ( Citrus nobilis)

Indo-Chinese-Malay group. Distinctive features of the varieties are large fruits, thick lumpy skin and excellent, sweet taste of the pulp. The best varieties tangerines:

• • Siamese King (King);
  • Uvatin-mikan;
  • Tsao-tse.

1. A group of small-fruited tangerines, or Chinese-Japanese varietal group, includes varieties popular among those who like to grow tangerines at home:
   • Shiva-mikan (with sour taste);
   • Mukaku-kishiu (sweet);
   • Kishiu (sweet).

1. Mandarin hybrids

This is a group of hybrid forms, including many varieties bred by selectively crossing mandarins with different species and varieties of citrus fruits. Below is a description of some tangerine hybrids.

Mandarin hybrids, photos, names and descriptions

Calamondin or citrofortunella(Citrofortunella mic rocarpa )

a hybrid of tangerine and kumquat (kincana, fortunella). It is a highly ornamental plant with small leaves and white fragrant flowers that attract bees. The height of calamondin can reach 6 meters. At home, the tree grows up to 60-150 cm. Calamondin fruits have a diameter of 25-45 mm, they are orange, similar to tangerines, but with a thinner, sweetish-tasting peel and sour pulp that contains the seeds. Calamondin fruits are edible.

Rangpur ( Citrus rangpuriensis)

a hybrid of tangerine and lime, according to other sources - a hybrid of tangerine and lemon, called limandarine. The supposed homeland of this citrus is India, and due to its high drought resistance and productivity, rangpur is cultivated in some regions for its fruit. The tree, 2.5 to 5 m tall, produces small fruits about 5 cm in diameter, with thin dark orange skin and very sour orange pulp.

Clementine (Citrus clementina)

a hybrid of mandarin and king orange from the subspecies quinotto (orange), is a tree up to 5 m high, grown in long dense alleys. The shape of the clementine fruit is similar to the tangerine, but has a sweeter taste. The second variety of clementines is a product of hybridization of mandarin and bitter Seville orange, characterized by small fruits with a hard, poorly peeling peel.

Clementines are divided into 3 main types:

• Corsican, seedless, is easily recognized by its bright, orange-red color and the pair of leaves that adorn each fruit.
• Spanish presented in 2 varieties: with relatively small and rather large fruits containing from 2 to 10 seeds.
• Montreal- the rarest clementine, grown in Spain and Algeria, the pulp of which contains from 10 to 12 seeds.

a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit (or pomelo). Tangelo trees are distinguished by their strong growth and good frost resistance. The rounded fruits, reminiscent of a medium-sized orange, have an orange peel that peels off easily, yellowish-orange flesh and a pleasant taste with a slight sourness. The most famous tangelo variety is Mineola.

Thornton (eng.Thornton tangelo)

One of the varieties of tangelo, is a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit. First grown in 1899. Almost round and quite large fruits have a diameter of about 8 cm and are covered with a bright orange peel. The peel of the fruit is quite thick. Thornton pulp is yellow-orange, tender, juicy, sweet, with a slight sourness.

Tangelo's closest relative, a hybrid of the "Dancy" variety of mandarin and the "Duncan" variety of grapefruit. Mineola fruits are distinguished by their round, slightly flattened shape with an elongated neck, up to 8 cm in diameter and thin skin of a rich reddish-orange color. The juicy pulp contains from 7 to 12 small seeds. Mineola has an excellent citrus aroma and a refreshing sweet and sour taste. The main suppliers of mineola are Israel, Türkiye, China and the American state of Florida.

Tangor

a hybrid of tangerine and sweet orange. Tangor is a fairly large fruit with a diameter of up to 15 cm. It is distinguished by a slightly flattened shape, a dense porous red-orange rind and aromatic sweet and sour pulp. One of the varieties of tangor is Ellendale.

Mandor (mandora) (eng.Mandora)

natural tangor, a hybrid of mandarin and sweet orange. It grows in Cyprus, but originally appeared in Jamaica. The fruit is similar to a tangerine and a clementine, but unlike a clementine it contains seeds. The shape of the fruit is round, slightly flattened. The peel is thin, bright orange, and peels off easily. The pulp of the fruit is tender, very juicy, sweet, with a slight sourness. The plant bears fruit from January to mid-April.

a hybrid of mandarin, tangerine and orange. The large orange-red fruit has a thin, easy-to-peel skin, few or no seeds, a refreshing taste and a subtle citrus aroma. The juicy pulp of Ellendale has a rich dark Orange color and a pleasant sweet taste.

a hybrid of mandarin and poncirus trifolia, the small fruits of which are unsuitable for consumption due to their unpleasant taste, but are used for the industrial production of vitamin drinks. The peel of the fruit is quite thin, rough, and orange in color. The pulp is orange, juicy. Some citrandarines do not have seeds.

a hybrid of clementine and orlando, the fruits of which are characterized by a rich orange color and tasty sweet pulp. The fruits can have both medium and large sizes.

Agli, aka agli-fruit

a hybrid of tangerine, orange and grapefruit, the name of which is translated from English as “ugly”. The not particularly beautiful agli fruit, up to 15 cm in diameter, is distinguished by a rough, wrinkled peel of a greenish-yellow or reddish color, easily separated from the pulp. Agli has a light grapefruit flavor and an excellent citrus aroma. Cultivated in the USA and Jamaica.

Ichandarin

It is a tangerine crossed with a citrus fruit called Ichang papeda. The fruits of the hybrid have a rather sour taste. Among the inchandarins, there are several varieties, for example, yuzu and sudachi.

• Yuzu. Ripe yuzu fruits are yellow in color, from 7 to 10 or more cm in diameter, sour, with a small amount of dryish pulp, their smell resembles a combination of the aroma of grapefruit and tangerine.
• Sudachi. Ripe sudachi fruits are yellowish-orange in color and have a lime or lemon aroma, but with a “softer” citrus note. Sudachi is not consumed as a delicacy fruit; its green fruits are used as a seasoning when preparing fish, mushrooms and national Japanese dishes.

On the left is an inchandarin yuzu, on the right is a regular tangerine. Photo credit: Mycomp

OrangequatNippon orangequat)

a hybrid of unshiu mandarin and kumquat that grows in Hawaii. A slightly elongated fruit of medium size, smaller than a tangerine, but larger than a kumquat. The circumference of the fruit is 2-4 cm. The thick, spongy skin has a sweet taste and an orange or red-orange color. The orangequat pulp is juicy, sour, with a slight note of bitterness. Contains seeds. The plant can withstand temperatures down to -12 degrees Celsius.

Pomeranian (bigaradia, cinotto) (Citrus aurantium )

hybrid of tangerine and pomelo. Small, 6-7 cm in diameter, slightly flattened fruits fresh practically not consumed due to the very strong, pungent aroma and bitter-sour pulp. The orange peel is bright orange and lumpy. Essential oils from orange flowers and leaves are used in perfumery; the zest and juice of the fruit are used in cooking, as well as in the production of tinctures and liqueurs.

Meyer lemon (Citrus meyerii )

a hybrid of lemon and orange or lemon and tangerine. The fruits are quite large, round, with a thin peel of a rich yellow color, which when ripe acquires a light orange tint. The pulp is juicy, less sour than a regular lemon, dark yellow in color and contains seeds.

Kabosu (kabusu) (eng.Kabosu, Citrus sphaerocarpa )

This is the result of crossing the Ichang Papeda and the Pomeranian. The fruit is grown in China and is popular in Japan. national cuisine. The fruits are medium-sized, about 5.2 cm in diameter, yellow when ripe with dark yellow flesh, with a sour, tart taste and lemon aroma. One fruit contains about 17 seeds. Used as a seasoning, often unripe when the kabosu skin is still green. Gives dishes a unique aroma.

Homemade tangerine, varieties and photos

To grow tangerine as an ornamental houseplant, breeders have developed many low-growing varieties and hybrids. Some are more decorative, and their fruits are unsuitable for consumption, others have good consumer qualities, which allows you to harvest in your own apartment.

The following varieties of tangerines are considered the most suitable for growing at home:

• Shiva Mikan- a neat tree with large dark green leaves. It is distinguished by rich flowering and a predisposition to falling ovaries. The ripened fruits are small, weighing up to 30 g, sweet and sour;
• Kovano-Vase- a strong tangerine tree with a height of 80 to 180 cm, produces few side shoots, blooms and bears abundantly, produces tasty, orange-yellow, sweet and sour fruits 2 years after planting. The pulp does not contain seeds;
• Unshiu- the most popular variety of the Japanese Satsuma varietal group. The tangerine tree, 80-150 cm high, is distinguished by flexible shoots that form a spreading crown. It begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting; with additional winter lighting it can bear fruit all year round;
• Murcott is a variety of tangor, that is, a hybrid of tangerine and sweet orange. The plant bears sweet fruits, the name of which (Murcott Honey) translates as “honey”. The tree has a compact shape and produces fruit in the summer. Murcott seedlings are expensive, but are easily propagated from cuttings;
• Clementine- a hybrid of tangerine and orange, begins to bear fruit in the 2nd year and bears about 50 fragrant, flattened fruits.

How to grow tangerines at home from seeds?

You can grow a tangerine at home from a seed, but you should keep in mind that the resulting fruits will at least retain decorative properties mother variety, but the basic taste qualities usually change for the worse or for the better. To preserve their consumer properties, tangerines should be propagated vegetative way- grafting or cuttings.

To plant tangerines, seeds are taken from any commercially available hybrids. The seeds should be thick, smooth, without deformation or damage. It is better to plant tangerine seeds immediately, without waiting for them to dry out: the sooner the seed is in the ground, the higher the likelihood of its germination. There is a second option: you can pre-germinate the tangerine seeds before planting. To do this, wrap the seeds in gauze and moisten it with water. After a few days, the seeds will swell and hatch. The main thing is to moisten the gauze with tangerine seeds as it dries.

Tangerines do not tolerate acidic soil, so it is not recommended to use peat for planting. It is better to buy ready-made soil with a neutral reaction (pH 6.5-7). You can also prepare soil for tangerines yourself: mix 2 parts humus (or non-acidic soil), 2 parts forest soil and 1 part sand.

To plant tangerine seeds (seeds), you need to take 250 ml plastic cups or pots at least 7-10 cm deep with a hole in the bottom. It is better to prepare at least 5 containers for planting, and if subsequent grafting is planned, then at least 10. The appropriate number of seeds is taken.

Tangerine seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of about 4 cm. Germination time for all varieties and hybrids is different and averages from 16 to 30 days. Now you need to keep the soil moist and the temperature environment should be within +20-25 degrees. It is not advisable to build a temporary greenhouse, then the hatching tangerine sprouts will not experience stress. Multi-embryo seeds can produce several sprouts from one seed; in this case, the weak sprout is pinched, or the seedlings are planted in different containers.

The first transplant of a homemade tangerine should be timed to coincide with the time when the roots fill the entire container, so it is convenient to plant the seeds in transparent glasses for visual observation of the root system of the seedling. To replant a tangerine, you just need to carefully transfer it with a lump of earth into a larger pot. This is done annually before fruiting begins.

Mandarin at home, care and photos

Temperature

Caring for indoor tangerine is easy. It is better to place purchased tangerine seedlings and plants grown from seeds near the south or east window of the apartment. Tangerines love bright, diffused light, and shade the plant only from the scorching rays of the sun. For normal development indoor tree the air and soil temperature required is not lower than +16-20 degrees in the warm season and about +12-15 degrees in winter. The need to keep tangerines in winter conditions low temperatures is due to the growth characteristics of the tangerine tree: if the plant is not provided with a cool winter, most of the flowers will be infertile.

Lighting

In winter, the home tangerine needs additional lighting, for which they use a regular phytolamp, but gradually accustom the tree to additional light, otherwise the plant will become stressed and may shed its leaves. In summer, it is advisable to take the tangerine tree to open air, in a place protected from drafts. On hot days and during the flowering period, the air should not be overheated: this can lead to flowers wilting and fruits dropping, and straight Sun rays may cause leaf burn.

An important feature of growing tangerines is the one-sided illumination of the plant. Any citrus trees They should not be frequently turned or moved from place to place, as they get used to lighting from one side. Otherwise, the metabolism of nutrients is disrupted, which leads to massive falling of tangerine leaves, and sometimes to the death of the plant.

How to water a tangerine?

In summer and spring, homemade tangerines are especially demanding of moisture, so the tree should be watered every other day. In winter, watering tangerines is reduced to once a week. Water for irrigation must be settled or passed through a kitchen filter, and before watering, make sure that the water is warm.

Humidity and spraying

Air humidity is very important for indoor tangerines, so in winter the tree is sprayed once a day, but only if the air in the apartment is very dry. In summer, tangerines are sprayed several times a day, and there should always be a container of water next to the plant. When spraying a fruit-bearing tree, make sure that water does not get on the flowers.

Tangerine transplant

Young trees need annual replanting; for this, turf, leaf soil and sand are used in a ratio of 2:1:1. After the tangerine tree begins to bear fruit, it is replanted once every 2-3 years, increasing the width of the pot by 4-6 cm. It is not recommended to replant adult and large specimens; you just need to carefully remove the top layer of soil and add fertile soil.

Top dressing

Intensive feeding indoor tangerine carried out from March to September, when vegetative and generative buds develop. For this, a complex mineral fertilizer with a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as mullein manure diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, is suitable. Mandarins should be fed once every 10 days, alternating fertilizers. In winter, the plant only needs one feeding per month.

Stimulation of fruiting

Often, homemade tangerines grown from seeds need to stimulate fruiting: if the tree has not bloomed 5-6 years after planting, take a small piece copper wire and wrap the trunk just above the root collar so that the wire strongly compresses the bark. The movement of sap will be disrupted, and the tree should “think” about bearing fruit.

After 6 months, the wire is removed and the damaged area is covered with garden pitch. The method will work if the tree has overwintered in a cool room, and its crown is sufficiently formed and has shoots of the 4th and 5th order.

Caring for tangerines during the flowering period

Caring for a tangerine tree during the flowering period involves increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizing and reducing nitrogen fertilizing. Usually the tangerine itself regulates the number of ovaries and sheds the excess ones, but 1 fruit for every 15-20 leaves is considered a feasible load; it is better to remove the remaining flowers and ovaries. Cracking of ripening fruits is observed in 2 cases: if the tree is not watered regularly, or if excess nitrogen has formed in the soil.

Crown formation

Selected varieties of tangerines do not require crown formation. The shoots of a tangerine tree grown from a seed are pinched, and the fruiting shoots with heavy fruits are tied to supports.

Grafting tangerine at home

Another way to propagate tangerines is by grafting onto a rootstock (the plant on which the graft will be given). To do this, the thickness of the rootstock trunk must be at least 6 mm, and the age of the rootstock must be at least 1-3 years. As a scion, take a small piece of shoot from a varietal tangerine, which has one bud with a leaf. Approximately 7 cm are removed from the ground and a T-shaped cut about 2.5 cm long is made on the bark of the tree. The edges of the bark are carefully pushed back with a knife, a petiole is placed in the cut, covered with bark, covered with garden varnish and wrapped with electrical tape. The grafted tree is placed in a greenhouse from plastic bag. An indicator of successful grafting will be a slightly yellowed petiole and falling leaves; otherwise, the grafted shoot will turn black. If successful, the greenhouse is periodically opened, and after a month the rootstock is cut diagonally with pruning shears, 3-5 mm above the grafting site, the electrical tape is removed, and the cut is covered with garden pitch.

Mandarin diseases, description and photo

Mandarin, like other plants, is susceptible to disease and pest attacks. This is especially true for plants grown in apartments or greenhouses. Excessively dry or, on the contrary, excessively humid indoor air, as well as an imbalance of important microelements in the soil, often provokes various mandarin diseases:

• According to historians, the first tangerines came to Europe thanks to Alexander the Great, who in 325 BC. e. brought this one exotic fruit from India for his teacher and mentor - Aristotle. For unknown reasons, the mandarin was not appreciated and was only mentioned in chronicles as the “golden apple.” Tangerines gained popularity only at the beginning of the 19th century.
• Approximately 95% of tangerine trees grown in the CIS are from the Unshu varietal group, whose representatives are distinguished by increased frost resistance.

This variety is a mixture of Clementine and Tangelo mandarin varieties. The skin color of the fruit is deep orange.

This is a cross between an orange and a tangerine, the color of the peel of the fruit of the Honey variety varies from yellow to orange, sometimes it can be green. The taste of this variety is simply excellent, very sweet and juicy. The season for this variety begins in November and ends in January.

Ripe tangerine fruits, tangerine leaves, green small tangerine recently tied.

This variety of tangerine differs from other varieties in its smooth skin (which is rare in tangerines, as well as in oranges), the color of the peel of the fruit is orange-red.

The fruits of this tangerine variety differ from other varieties in their very sweet taste, the color of the fruit peel is deep orange.

Distinctive feature This variety of tangerines is their size, since they are very large, which is usually not typical for other varieties of tangerines. The peel of the fruit has a deep orange color.

This variety is one of the oldest varieties of mandarin and was very popular at one time. This variety comes from Florida and appeared in 1867. Now this variety is not in wide demand, since when grown it is very sensitive to various diseases. The fruits are very juicy and tasty.

This variety is also known as Algerian Mandarin. It has a sweet taste and no seeds in the fruit. The membrane that encloses the fruit itself is much thinner than that of other varieties, and the texture of the fruit itself is also very fragile. The seasonal time for the Climentino variety starts from November to April. The import of these tangerines comes mainly from North Africa and Spain.

This variety is a cross between a tangerine and a grapefruit, and also resembles a pomelo (a pomelo is big size citrus fruit, reminiscent of grapefruit). The fruit of the Tangelo variety looks like large oranges, and is somewhat similar in appearance to the popular variety

It tastes like a regular tangerine, with a little grapefruit flavor. The season for this variety starts from November to February.

Quite a famous variety of tangerines. The fruits have excellent taste, slightly tart. The skin color of the fruit is deep orange and quite smooth to the touch.

This variety of tangerines is also known as “Royal Mandarin”; its fruits are a cross between tangerines and oranges. The fruits have a lot of seeds, they taste very sweet, juicy, the peel is orange. The harvest season for the Temple variety begins in January and ends in March.

The crown is compact, the flowers are medium-sized, about 4 cm in diameter, solitary, in the leaf axils. The leaves are small, dense, dark green, lanceolate, 8x3 cm. The fruits are medium-sized, oval-flattened, about 6-7 cm in diameter.

This is a fairly strong tree with fairly thick branches, but does not have any special branching qualities. With good and proper care A tangerine tree of this variety can grow quite large for the size of an apartment. The foliage on the tree is quite fleshy, even rough, the tree blooms profusely, the fruits are medium in size, the color of the peel is orange-yellow. A variety of dwarf tangerines (mountain tangerine) in nature up to 1.5 meters high, in an apartment up to 1 m. The leaves are small, lighter and thinner than those of the Unshiu tangerine. The flowers are small, mostly solitary. The main flowering occurs in the spring, but throughout the year you can see a small number of flowers on the tree. Begins to bear fruit in the 2nd year. From a tree there are up to 100 fruits, of good taste, the size of the fruits of the Hamlin orange variety. The plant is light-loving.

Photo of indoor tangerine.

(Citrus clementina) - (tangerine x orange) - with small or medium-sized, flattened, very fragrant orange-red fruits, covered with a shiny thin peel (multis-seeded clementines are called Montreals)

Medium-sized fruits (70-90 g). The apex of the fruit is flat, slightly depressed. The peel is relatively thin and easily separated from the pulp. 70% of the fruit's mass is the pulp, which is yellow-orange in color and has a pleasant taste. Ripens in early November.

Fruits weighing about 80 g are orange in color. The peel is thin and easily separated from the pulp. The pulp of the fruit has a pleasantly sweet taste. Ripens in early November.

Well suited for growing at home. This is a very productive variety, distinguished by its frost resistance and high yield. The tree of the "Unshiu" variety is quite short, the crown is quite spreading, the branches are very thin and flexible, covered with corrugated leaves. This tree branches well, is characterized by rapid growth, willing and abundant color. The fruits are pear-shaped and have no seeds. If the plant is artificially illuminated, growth will be continuous.

This tree is quite compact in size, the foliage is quite large, fleshy, and dark green in color. This variety belongs to the early varieties of tangerine and blooms profusely. The yield of the variety is average, the weight of the fruit can reach up to 30g.

This is an extremely rare variety of tangerine that grows compact bush. The fruits ripen in the summer; the pulp of this tangerine variety is very sweet, reminiscent of the taste of honey.

5. The healing effect of tangerine.

Tangerines are contraindicated for: allergy sufferers (their pollen is very dangerous for them), diabetics, pregnant women and children under 2 years of age.
But they inhibit many viruses, cancer cells, and remove heavy metals and radioactive substances from the body. Try breathing in tangerine essential oil. Its aroma will lift your spirits, restore strength, reduce appetite, improve digestion and metabolism, and increase immunity.

Growing tangerines has fascinated humanity for a long time. In its homeland, it is an evergreen, medium-sized tree with hard, dark green leaves.

6. Tangerine care

Like all subtropical crops, tangerine in winter needs to be kept cool (8-12 degrees Celsius), especially with a lack of light, since in short daylight conditions the plant forms thin, weak shoots that need to be removed.

Watering:

Water the plant regularly throughout the year, but moderately, when the top layer of soil dries slightly. Excessive watering leads to the death of the plant, and lack of moisture leads to curling and falling leaves.

Mandarin does not like drafts, so when taken out into the air in the summer, it should be placed in a place protected from the wind. In addition, the plant needs a constant supply of fresh air, which must be taken into account when kept indoors, and spraying with water at room temperature.

Feeding:

It is imperative to regularly feed the plant every 10-15 days from the beginning of February to November. With additional lighting, fertilizing is not stopped in winter, but with half-concentration fertilizer. In the first half of summer, fertilizing irrigation is used. It increases the sugar content of the fruit and reduces the bitter taste that is characteristic of citrus fruits when grown indoors. The plant needs more fertilizer the older it is and the longer it stays in one container. Fertilizers are applied after watering. With additional artificial lighting of tangerines in winter, they also need to be fertilized. Recommended for tangerines organic fertilizers(slurry from cow manure) and combined mineral fertilizers; you can also buy special fertilizers for citrus fruits in flower shops.

Soil for tangerine

3 parts turf, 1 part leaf, 1 part cow dung humus, 1 part sand and a small amount of fatty clay.

Reproduction:

Mandarins are propagated by air layering, grafting, and sometimes by cuttings and seeds. Cuttings are taken from shoots with a diameter of 4 mm that have already finished growing. Thicker cuttings take root very difficultly, thinner ones give weak growth or die. The cuttings take root within a month, which is quite difficult, so they are first kept in a heteroauxin solution. Necessary conditions for rooting are substrate temperature not lower than 21-22 degrees Celsius, air temperature - 20 degrees Celsius, humidity - 90%.

It is best to plant tangerines in April-May on orange, lemon or orange seedlings that have reached a thickness of 8-10 mm.

This photo shows that tangerine and lemon are grafted onto one rootstock. They fit perfectly on one trunk.

Photo: Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)

The biological species Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) has a complex structure, which includes several pomological groups, the taxonomic structure of which has not yet been clearly developed. Complicating the situation is the fact that tangerines easily create hybrids with other types of citrus fruits.

Kawano Wase (Cītrus unshiu Kawano Wase) is one of the most popular varieties, belonging to the so-called Unshiu group. In the Wase subgroup there are another 6 - 7 varieties, but our current hero among them is the undisputed leader, the ancestor.

Interesting! The name "mandarin" comes from the Sanskrit word "mantrin". This is what they called officials in ancient India, or rather, advisers to high-ranking people. Together with Buddhism, the term came to China, and from there it was taken by the Portuguese, but in a modified form - “mandarim”, which literally meant “Chinese official”. In this country, officials wore bright clothes, the color of tangerines.

A little pedigree

All Washo tangerines are also called Chinese-Japanese, because their origin is connected precisely with these countries. Moreover, given the “degree of influence,” the word “Japanese” should rightfully be in first place. It was Japanese citrus breeders who made every effort to develop these lines of tangerines.

IN Soviet Union the first trees were brought in 1937, since then they have been actively grown in the Soviet subtropics, especially in Abkhazia and Adjara.

All Vasho plants are excellent for indoor and home growing. They are compact, easily fit into a person’s home, and are also characterized by rapid fruiting.

Description of the variety

Kowano Washo is a typical representative of his group. It was created specifically to serve people as tub culture. This makes it a very popular indoor citrus in our time.

Crown features

One of the most compact, low-growing varieties. Under natural conditions it grows up to one and a half meters, but in a pot, especially in an apartment, it rarely gains even 0.5 m.

The shape of the crown is wide, often almost spherical, and it is densely covered with light green foliage. The color of the bark on the trunk is brown, and roughness is always visible on it. The leaves are dense, leathery, broadly lanceolate, pointed at both ends. The petioles are long, narrow, and sometimes have small wings.

There are no thorns on the branches, young shoots are slightly ribbed and green, but turn brown with age. The crown requires almost no shaping, although the stems are thin, flexible, and slightly drooping.

Character of flowering

It begins early, already at the age of two the tree is able to bloom and bear fruit, although real maturity occurs by three years. In conditions open ground flowering occurs in the spring, closer to May, but in rooms the plant becomes remontant and can bloom several times a year. This gives it a special decorative quality: you can see the crown decorated with buds, flowers and fruits at the same time.

Mandarin blossoms profusely, completely covered with fragrant white flowers, collected in small inflorescences. However, some plants have petals with a slightly yellowish tint. The diameter of the flower is from 3 to 4.5 cm, it has 5 petals and a large pistil surrounded by stamens connected at the base.

Let's talk about fruits

Kovano Vasho fruits are distinguished by excellent consumer qualities! Their tender pulp has a sweet and sour taste, divided into 8 - 13 segments different sizes. It is noteworthy that the film separating the segments can be either thin or very rough, depending on the growing conditions. The sweetness of the juice depends on the amount of sunlight: the more sunlight, the sweeter the fruit.

The fruits ripen surprisingly quickly, within 5 - 6 months! If there is little sunlight, which is observed in the rooms, the ripening period is extended by a month to a month and a half. Most often there are no seeds in the pulp.

Other fruit features:

- flattened shape, the apex is always slightly depressed;

— the color is bright, light orange;

— the peel is thin, about 3 mm, easily crumbles and separates from the pulp;

— average weight from 50 to 70 grams;

— after being removed from the bush, they do not spoil for a long time.

In addition, the trees withstand low temperatures and can survive small, short-term frosts. The rooting rate of cuttings is extremely low, so in home citrus growing it is propagated only by cuttings or sowing seeds. The yield is high; from an adult, perennial tree, even in an apartment, you can harvest up to a hundred fruits in a year!

We are convinced that Kovano Vasho is rightfully considered one of the best tangerines for indoor cultivation. By properly caring for the plant, you can enjoy its beauty, while at the same time reaping good harvests of sweet fruits!