What are greenboard panels? Technological advantages of Green Board fiberboard. Fiberboard flooring

Panels are produced in 3 types:

1. GB1 – low density slabs (250-572 kg/m3).
Main function: heat and sound insulation, thermal and hydroregulation of indoor microclimate

2. GB2 – medium density slabs (600-800 kg/m3).
Main function: enclosing, structural in conjunction with a concrete “core” or frame

3. GB3 – high density slabs (1000-1400 kg/m3).
Main function: structural, enclosing, facing, finishing

GB1 panels are usually used as an insulating material, GB2 as a structural material or permanent formwork, and GB3 as a structural or enclosing material.

Slab sizes range from 2500 mm in length, 600 mm in width and from 10 to 100 mm in thickness.

Advantages

• durability - panels can be used for up to 100 years, this is ensured by the silicates contained in cement, and the fact that carbonization processes continue in cement, which make the panels only stronger over time;
• environmental friendliness - the characteristics of green board slabs allow them to be used in housing construction, as they “breathe” and create an atmosphere favorable to humans. They do not emit harmful chemicals;
• thermal insulation – the high percentage of wood content and the porous structure of the panels make them a good insulating material;
• immutability - the panels retain their original dimensions, do not dry out or become deformed;
• resistance to adverse effects - such panels can withstand temperature changes, are resistant to earthquakes, they do not rot, and fungus or mold does not live on them;
• fire resistance – panels are classified as low-flammable materials.

Application

Green board fiberboards are widely used in house construction. made from greenboard is slightly higher than that of a panel made from OSB-3. more durable and environmentally friendly, can be erected in a matter of days and cost significantly less than houses made from traditional materials. It is convenient to use such panels - their size and weight allow them to be installed without special equipment. The houses are energy efficient. If the air overheats, the greenboard slabs absorb this heat, and when it is cold, the panels give off the accumulated heat. The microclimate in such a building is especially favorable for humans. At the same time, the slabs do not emit any harmful substances; they are absolutely environmentally friendly, reliable and safe.

Fiberboards are a multifunctional building material based on wood chips. Fiberboard has many useful properties of natural wood, but unlike wood, fiberboard is resistant to fire and is not subject to rotting processes.

Fiberboard boards were first developed at the beginning of the last century. Initially, they were made from shavings, sawdust, wood chips and various other waste from the woodworking industry. The first fiberboard slabs were characterized by good heat and sound insulation, but had extremely low strength. Over time, the technology for the production of fiberboard boards has improved significantly.

Modern boards contain fine wood wool from softwoods. The binding element is cement, liquid glass or caustic magnesite. Magnesite-based fiberboards are considered the most environmentally friendly and currently have no analogues in the world.

Fiberboards, in principle, cannot be called a new building material. The technology of using cement and wood shavings has been known for a long time, including the production of fiberboard. In addition to fiberboard boards, there are also CBPBs, which also use shavings and cement, but the shavings are crushed (chips).

Technologies are changing towards improvement. Standards issued back in the days of the Soviet Union, which are still used today, are becoming obsolete, and the material is acquiring new properties and areas of application. This fully applies to fiberboard boards.

Fiberboard history

The current GOST for this group of products has the 1981 edition. It was developed by the relevant ministry of the USSR. In accordance with its standards, fiberboard boards are provided with three grades that determine the characteristics of the material:

• F-300 (average density with a spread of 250-350 kg per cubic meter);
• F-400 (351–450);
• F-500 (451–500).

The first type is thermal insulation, the second is thermal insulation-structural, the third has structural properties in the first place, it is called that way - structural-thermal insulation. In addition, F-400 and F-500 are used for sound insulation. The standard specified dimensions, strength, water absorption and other characteristics.

Modern manufacturers have gone further: they have expanded the range of slab densities, and therefore the scope of use. One might say they have delineated the boundaries more clearly The density and size of the slabs vary, depending on where they will be used:

1. Material with a low index is more often used as a soundproofing material.
2. Slabs with medium density, mainly for fencing.
3. To build complex structures, fiberboard with a higher density is required.

As a clear example, it is worth citing slabs produced on the equipment of the Dutch company ELTOMATION. They classify low-density slabs in the entire range of domestic standards, and in addition they produce two more categories of slabs: with a density of 600–800 kg/cu. m. and up to 1100 kg/cubic. m.

Boards with the Green Board trademark are classified into three grades - GB1 (density 250–570), GB2 (600–800), GB3 (1000–1400).

Already from the density characteristics it is clear that in addition to the scope of use specified in the domestic standard, brands have been added that can be used as construction and finishing materials. One could argue: why invent something new for enclosing surfaces and cladding, because there is plywood , chipboard and OSB, which have high strength characteristics. But fiberboards have a number of advantages over them.

Fiberboard advantages

Fiberboard as a thermal insulation material is inferior to expanded polystyrene or mineral wool, but in its pure form it is practically not used as insulation. If we evaluate the statistics, 40% of the market share in both our country and Europe is accounted for by permanent formwork. And in this capacity, fiberboard has a significant advantage over expanded polystyrene - it is non-flammable (class T1) and has breathable properties.

Environmental Safety
Fiberboard has excellent environmental properties. It does not emit harmful toxic substances and is absolutely safe for humans.

Durability
Fiberboard does not deform and is not susceptible to the destructive effects of insects, rodents, mold, fungi and other microorganisms.

Good thermal insulation
Wood has been famous for its heat-shielding properties since ancient times. Fibrolite, like natural wood, retains heat well.

Increased water resistance
Fibrolite has a high level of water resistance. Fiberboards can be installed in rooms with humidity up to 75%. In rooms with higher humidity, it is recommended to protect fiberboard boards from dampness using plaster or waterproofing.

Fire safety
Fiberboard has a very high resistance to fire

Since the characteristics of the boards are high, its use in the construction industry is very high. The production of fiberboard boards has existed for many years, but over time the process has undergone significant changes, and the material has become of better quality. To summarize the advantages, the material has the following technical characteristics:

1. Fire safety. Thanks to astringent impregnation, the wood product becomes capable of this property.
2. Moisture resistance. Again, due to the impregnating layer, the material copes well with water penetration.
3. Strength. The fiberboard owes this quality to wood and a layer of cement.
4. Resistant to rot and pests.
5. Increased sound insulation.
6. Ecological cleanliness.
7. Excellent resistance to cold temperatures.
8. Long service life.
9. Easy to transport. Since fiberboard does not weigh much, heavy equipment is not required for this.
10. Ease of installation.

The rest of the market is accounted for by panel-frame (20%) and panel (40%) construction. Compared to OSB and chipboard plywood, fiberboards do not contain phenolic resins, so they are more environmentally friendly.

Breathable properties and the ability to self-regulate humidity (absorption when there is excess and return when there is not enough) ensure the maintenance of comfortable living conditions. And of course, an important indicator is high fire safety.

General advantages as a building material are high durability, resistance to water (wood is “bound” with mineral additives), good adhesion to building mixtures (plaster, putty), primers and paints.

Where are fiberboards used?

Fiberboard boards have standard sizes and are light weight, so you can work with them without the use of heavy lifting equipment. Fiberboards are also actively used for insulation and sound insulation of internal and external walls, sloping roofs, attics, interior partitions and interfloor ceilings.

Since wood chips are added during the production of the material, the strength increases significantly, which is why fiberboard is often used during monolithic construction of buildings. In addition, it is used:

• for low-rise construction of houses as formwork;
• as a quality when laying an insulating layer;
• as a finishing sheathing, on which the finishing will be laid in the future;
• as soundproofing.

The use of fiberboard slabs in monolithic construction

It is possible to reduce costs when constructing a monolithic house thanks to fiberboard, from which permanent formwork is often constructed. These structures are easy to install; in addition, you can solve the issue of insulating your home. Fiberboard slabs are often used in the construction of panel-frame houses. Due to their structural properties, fiberboards are ideal for the construction of permanent formwork.

Fiberboards are used to build various types of structures. To do this, the material is cut to the required dimensions, then, according to the design, the formwork is laid.

The use of fiberboard is most advisable in urban conditions, since it will protect against noise that causes considerable discomfort.

Manufacturing technology and composition

The process involves mixing wood chips with a water base and some additives. To do this, liquid glass or office glue in a diluted state is added to the shavings. This is necessary so that no chemical reaction occurs between the components.

Initially, wood wool is impregnated using a special binder mixture. A cement composition acts as a binder. After this, the material is poured and pressed into molds.

Such high properties are due to the composition, structure and manufacturing technology. Fiberboard is 60% wood, almost 40% cement, also containing no more than half a percent mineral additive. Three main factors can be distinguished; they distinguish fiberboard from other wood-based materials:

• at the first stage - the production of especially thin and long shavings, which are called wood wool;
• on the second - mineralization of wood (for example, with liquid glass) in order to “close” the access of water to the tree;
• at the third stage - horizontal orientation of wood wool during the manufacturing process of the board.

Wood and cement are environmentally friendly materials. Mineralization protects against moisture. The structure of the plate provides sufficiently high fracture strength. By adjusting the density of the slab, a certain set of basic performance properties is achieved - thermal insulation, sound insulation, structural strength.

There are many other advantages of fiberboard compared to other building materials. Despite the fact that fiberboard is a relatively young building material, due to its unique properties and low cost it is becoming increasingly used in modern construction practice. Watch the video:

There are a huge variety of panel finishing materials on the market. In this article we will tell you about Green Board fiberboards. They represent a worthy alternative to boards such as OSB, plywood, plasterboard, fiberboard, chipboard, etc.

Such boards contain about 55% wood wool, and the rest consists of Portland cement with various additives. Thanks to this, this material combines the environmental friendliness of wood and the reliability of brick.

GreenBoard panels are also called fiberboard panels. It was not by chance that they received this name. Translated from Latin, fibra means fiber, and the Greek word lithos means stone. As we have already written, wood wool is used as fiber, and cement is used as stone.

What's special about GreenBoard slabs?

To do this, we will consider the properties, thanks to which fiberboard panels have reliably occupied their niche in the construction markets.

— A serious advantage is that the service life of fiberboard panels is more than 100 years. In addition, over time they only become stronger. First of all, this is due to the properties of the cement that is part of Green Board fiberboards.

Experts know that the ripening process of cement continues throughout its entire service life, i.e. Chemical reactions constantly occur in it, which make it stronger.

— High water resistance. If water gets on the surface, the thermal insulation and mechanical properties are restored after drying.

— Resistance to high temperatures. As you know, wood burns well under the influence of fire or high temperature, but when wood fibers are mixed with cement, this disadvantage disappears. The fiberboard board becomes fire-resistant. Moreover, at high temperatures it does not emit any harmful substances. So fire is almost impossible.

— Greenboard panels are breathable, which creates a favorable microclimate in the house. Compared to wood, the vapor permeability of fiberboard boards is 3 times higher.

— High thermal insulation properties. We have already written several times about why it is worth insulating walls. You can read about how to do this in the article “Insulating a home.” For effective insulation it is necessary to use appropriate materials. So, GreenBoard slabs are one of them.

An indicator of thermal protection is the thermal conductivity coefficient λ, which for a given material ranges from 0.06 to 0.16 W/m* 0 C. The lower this coefficient, the better the heat is retained. For comparison, the thermal conductivity coefficient of stone wool, which is insulation, is 0.045 W/m* 0 C.

Variety of Green Board boards

Initially, three modifications were made. These are GB-1, GB-2, GB-3. Now other varieties have appeared with more pronounced soundproofing, thermal insulation or structural properties.

The main difference is their density. Based on this, their application is also different. Thus, the GB-3 board, which has a high density, is used in structural load-bearing elements, for example, such as the external walls of a frame house.

Low-density slabs GB-1 are more suitable for interior wall cladding and interior partitions. They have good thermal conductivity and sound insulation.

GreenBoard-1 used for heat and sound insulation.

GreenBoard-2 used in cases where a certain rigidity of the material is required in combination with a small heat-shielding effect.

GreenBoard-3 They are mainly used to obtain structurally rigid structures.

Thus, GreenBord fiberboards can be used for cladding frame houses, interior decoration of apartments, for flooring, as permanent formwork, for rough roof cladding, for SIP panels, etc.

Today, fiberboards have gained great popularity in the building materials market. This material itself can be called universal. The slabs are used for interior cladding of walls and floors. The composition of fiberboard contains various components (wood wool, cement or magnesite fiberboard). Depending on its composition, it is divided into types. Read more about the use of fiberboard boards later in the article.

Characteristics and properties of fiberboard boards

• As mentioned above, fiberboard is a universal material used in various branches of repair and construction. In addition to cladding floors and walls, it is successfully used for installing internal partitions, roofing, and also for installing formwork.
• The sizes of fiberboard boards can be different, depending on where they will be used. They contain wood wool, which is a rather dense ribbon-like thread, the length of which varies from 20 to 55 cm.
• Fiberboards have many positive qualities, thanks to which they are increasingly used today in the field of repair and construction. They are valued for their reliability, strength, wear resistance, and good performance properties. In European countries, houses made of fiberboard slabs, built in the last century, are still kept in good condition.
• The fact that fiberboard slabs based on Portland cement have excellent characteristics is also evidenced by the results of testing carried out by Italian masters. They confirmed that the material holds its shape well under various weather conditions and does not deform. This is achieved thanks to the strong structure of wood threads and special silicates contained in the composition of the boards. In addition, all components are treated with special mineralizing agents that protect the material from any chemical attack. Over time, the carbonization process improves the characteristics of the material, making it durable and reliable for many years.

The material became widespread in Russia in the late 1930s. Since that time, the number of shops and workshops involved in the production of fiberboard floor slabs has only increased. Today, as mentioned above, fiberboard is used not only for cladding floors and walls, but also for installing formwork in frame-concrete and monolithic construction.

Types of fiberboard boards

According to current GOST standards No. 8928–81, depending on the thermal insulation properties, fiberboard is classified into the following types:

• F-300 – has thermal insulation properties,
• F-400 - structural and thermal insulating fiberboard,
• F-500 - acoustic fiberboard.

Based on the degree of density and strength, the material is divided into the following types:

• GB1 – low density fiberboard,
• GB2 – material with average density,
• GB3 - material with high density,
• GB4 – combined fiberboard (layer-by-layer) – these boards alternate layers of low and high density,
• GB1L – material with minimal density, used for heat and sound insulation,
• GB3F is a combined fiberboard; in addition to high density, it has a special decorative coating.

Fiberboard boards for finishing have many advantages, including fire resistance, wear resistance, strength, resistance to mechanical damage (damage from insects or small rodents). The material is considered a good heat insulator and sound insulator. That is why fiberboard today is very often used for interior cladding of premises in residential buildings. However, this will require a material with a minimum density.

Installation of fiberboard slabs is necessary when installing basements and permanent formwork. The use of such material makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction work by almost 60%. Durable fiberboard slabs of class GB3 are used in the construction of frame buildings as external walls or interior partitions. At the same time, they cover a wooden or metal frame.

F-500 class slabs are used as a sound insulator when arranging staircases and lobbies. And if fiberboard is additionally covered with decorative finishing made from roofing fiber, then it can be used for cladding the roofs of wooden buildings.

• Good thermal insulation.
• Excellent soundproofing properties.
• High strength.
• Frost resistance.
• Good thermo- and hydroregulation.
• Fire resistance (material class G1).
• Water resistance (the material does not lose its properties and shape when exposed to moisture).

Taking into account all the characteristics of the material, you can not be afraid to install hidden electrical wiring in fiberboard slabs. In addition, this material can be successfully combined with other types of facing coatings.

GreenBoard boards contain wood wool threads (more than 55%). Thanks to this fact, they act as an “accumulator” of moisture. When interacting with moist air, excess moisture penetrates deep into the structure of the slab, where it accumulates. If the air in the room becomes too dry, the stove releases moisture back. Thanks to this, an optimal level of humidity can be maintained in the room. Unlike other materials, such as wood, fiberboards do not change their size due to changes in temperature and humidity, which makes them an excellent finishing and building material.

Among the disadvantages of fiberboard boards, one can highlight their relatively high weight. If we compare them with wood, they are about 15-20% heavier, but compared to concrete they are much lighter.

The popularity of using GreenBoard boards has recently increased several times. This material is considered the most promising for exterior and interior decoration, as well as for the construction of frame houses. Very often it is used to make formwork.

This popularity is explained by the excellent functional characteristics of the material and ease of installation. In low-rise frame construction, fiberboards can be an excellent alternative to OSB. Thanks to the use of wood waste in production, the cost of such material is competitive. The price of a slab depends on its density.

Installation procedure for fiberboard slabs

The installation process of fiberboard boards depends on their area of ​​application. When insulating a building using this material, the installation process resembles the installation of expanded polystyrene panels.

• First, remnants of plaster and possible places of contamination are removed from the surface of the external wall of the building. The fiberboard board is glued to the wall surface using special glue. It is sold in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water for use. The consistency of the finished solution should not be too liquid. Otherwise, the slab will slide under its own weight. When preparing the solution, it is necessary to take into account the speed of laying the material. If it is low, due to little experience, then it is better to mix a small amount of glue. The fact is that it sets quite quickly, and after hardening it is strictly forbidden to use it. Working with “small portions” will reduce material consumption.
• Laying fiberboard slabs for external insulation of the facade is carried out from bottom to top. In this case, the rows, like brickwork, must overlap. In simple words: the middle of the slab of the top row should be at the level of the junction of the two slabs of the previous one.
• When laying, the adhesive solution is applied as a continuous level to both the wall and the back surface of the slab. To apply the glue, use a special spatula with a serrated end.
• After laying the slabs, they are additionally secured with special dowels. They are shaped like an umbrella. Thanks to the large head, these dowels securely hold the slab. Each of them requires 5 dowels. One is installed in the center, the rest in the corners. The length of the fastener depends on the thickness of the slab. It must extend at least 50 mm inside the wall.
• Once the slabs are installed, they can be plastered. The plaster will protect the fiberboard from exposure to ultraviolet radiation and, especially, moisture.
• Before applying the plaster, a reinforcing mesh is applied to the surface of the slabs. It is simply glued to the surface using glue, which is rubbed with a spatula. Then, after the glue has dried, a layer of plaster is applied, which is rubbed and primed. After the primer has dried, paint for exterior facade work is applied to its surface.
• When building a frame house, fiberboard slabs are attached directly to the frame of the building. Moreover, they are installed both outside and inside. Between them inside, you can put a layer of mineral wool, which will make the structure warmer.
• The slabs can be covered with siding on top, thereby protecting them from moisture, or plastered and painted. Recently, finishing external walls with tiles that imitate brick has become popular. It has excellent appearance, performance characteristics, and lasts quite a long time. However, this type of finishing is very labor-intensive and costs a lot.
• When finishing the interior of a room, the surface of the fiberboard slabs is plastered or covered with plasterboard.

Modern fiberboard is a universal board used for insulation, leveling the base or constructing partitions. Particularly popular today are domestic Green Board fiberboards, produced in the Vladimir region at a plant that has high-precision modern Dutch-made machines.

The issue of heat and sound insulation of housing is one of the most pressing. However, if previously such materials were used directly for the purpose of retaining heat or blocking sound, now more and more demands are placed on them.

Material properties

Green Board is unique in its composition, most of which is wood wool with a thickness of less than 0.05 cm and a width not exceeding 0.8 cm. The length of the ribbon-like fiber can reach 25 cm.

Wood fiber is designed to serve as a filler. Liquid glass acts as a mineralizer, improving the adhesion of wood fibers to cement and minimizing the hardening time of cement. And Portland cement, containing about 40%, plays the role of a binding agent.

Production Green Board

Cement-fibrolite boards are produced in several stages. The total production cycle takes 28 days. At the first stage, wood fiber is treated with a low-concentration solution of liquid glass.

The next stage is characterized by mixing the resulting mass and cement. The moisture released from the wood fiber acts as a boost to hydration. A certain humidity and temperature regime must also be created. The last stage is pressing.

Kinds

Green Board is available in several varieties:

• Plates GB1 and GB-450 are low-density products with a density value of 250, 300 and 450 kg/m3;
• GB-600 – fiberboard with an average density of 600 kg/m 3 ;
• GB-3 – high-density material with a density of 950 kg/m3;
• GB-1050 – structural fiberboard board with increased density equal to 1050 kg/m3.

High-density products, even at the initial stage of hardening, undergo a steaming process, carried out under excessive humidity and temperature conditions. Also, high-density boards and products with increased density are ground.