What is a "clean room"? Ventilation of clean rooms: what you need to know when designing Ventilation system for clean rooms

Proper ventilation clean rooms is achieved subject to certain conditions in finishing and a thoughtful choice of equipment. A clean room is a room where the concentration of suspended substances in the air is controlled.

A facility designed and constructed to minimize the entry and release of particles, allowing for controlled temperature changes, humidity and, in special cases, pressure.

General ventilation requirements

Ventilation systems provide required quantity air according to sanitary standards, remove harmful substances. Filter the inlet flow for achieving the required cleanliness class, maintaining the specified microclimate parameters.

For each factor Air exchange volumes are assessed at the design stage. If a higher multiplicity of this parameter is required to the detriment of cleaning, a recalculation is made to reduce it.

Why is it taken into account:

• Recovery time after contamination
• Air speed
• Temperature and humidity
• Removing harmful impurities

Main types of ventilation systems

Based on the requirements for the cleanliness class, a cleanroom ventilation system is selected from the following types:

• Direct flow
• With recirculation
• Direct flow with heat recovery
• With local zones
• Two-level

The choice is justified by specific factors, taking into account capital costs and energy saving conditions. Local installations usually have a fan and can be located indoors or outdoors. They are supplemented with HEPA filters, chemical ones if necessary, neutralizing odors and others.

Direct flow system

The scheme is simple, air is supplied from the street, then it goes through all the main processing cycles. Not economically profitable due to high energy consumption And at great expense for filtration consumables.

With recirculation

A single-level system includes air conditioning for clean rooms with air return from the cleaned area for processing. Energy consumption is average.

Direct flow with heat recovery

In this embodiment, the air flow passed through the filters in a closed circuit returns heat to the premises.

Two-level

Cleanroom ventilation requirements in this system justifies best. If there are several air conditioners, as well as service rooms, they are divided into central (only street air enters it) and recirculating air conditioners.

Local with local zones

Used to localize zones With increased requirements on sanitary treatment. Most often, fan modules with filters are installed, sometimes special recirculation units are installed.

Air exchange balance

According to the standards, air ventilation must be used in technologically clean rooms; for balanced exchange, exhaust hoods, local and general exchange, and filters are needed. Resource regulation happens with the help of valves, correcting air flows.

Multi-stage cleaning systems are installed in rooms that require an increased degree of atmosphere disinfection. A special table indicates the relationship between purity classes and the degree of filtration. Thinner models are protected at the entrance by large ones that will not let insects through.
The finishing barrier is mounted on the wall or ceiling of the clean area, as required by the technology. As well as the fact that air ducts should not emit small particles, it is better to choose stainless steel.

To summarize, in the matter of ventilation of premises there is standard solutions and individual. Only specialists can fully calculate which option should be chosen. Installation under the guidance of professionals will save time, nerves and possibly someone’s health.

Video about construction

In the design of any clean room, a significant place is given to the ventilation system. The ability to maintain required level cleanliness without much effort. Improperly equipped cleanroom ventilation can ruin all efforts to equip them.

Our company specializes in the design and installation of circulation and cleaning systems air flow for clean rooms long time, so employees exclusively use modern techniques and tools. And this is the key to successful and long-lasting service of the system as a whole.

What is installation of clean room ventilation?

This element of building equipment with the need to create increased conditions cleanliness, on this moment Modern systems have been developed to ensure air circulation and filtration. For this purpose it is used a large number of elements directly to ensure air supply and exhaust, a group of filters and equipment for dispatch control.

All this must be in a clean room without fail, since this equipment allows you to solve a group of important problems:

Maintaining aerosol particles in the air within acceptable limits.

Monitoring and creating indicators correct microclimate in the room such as humidity, temperature, air mobility.

Preventing the occurrence of pressure differences between clean rooms and the rooms that border them.

Regular supply to the premises clean air and removing air that has stagnated there.

With help innovation systems all this works automatically and does not require special efforts on the part of premises workers. Manufacturers of modern ventilation equipment guarantee a long service life and constantly improve it so that the operation of the devices creates a minimum of noise and does not interfere with the comfortable stay of people in the room.

How the system works

• · Before air enters the room, it goes through 4 stages of filtration on 4 different filters, each of which cleans the flow from a specific group of contaminants.

· A laminar air flow is provided, which allows for the directional movement of purified air, which in turn removes aerosol particles from the existing air.

The main element of the entire installation is the system central air conditioning, created in a special “hygienic” design. This is where most of the air purification and preparation processes take place.

· Equipment for automation and dispatching of the entire system, which includes a lot of sensors for monitoring indicators, elements of remote command transmission, etc., makes it easy to manage and maintain constant cleanliness in the room.

The operating status of all devices in the system after its commissioning is easily monitored by employees working in the room, and if there are any deviations in operation or emergency situations, software will report this quickly.

The main task for proper functioning Such equipment requires competent initial design and installation. Otherwise, the owners and employees do not have the slightest problem.

Features of offers from our company

We will help each client avoid mistakes in the preparation and installation of ventilation equipment, since the company employs only specialists of the highest category. In addition, the product catalog contains exclusively modern and reliable elements of ventilation systems.

If you contact us, you will receive:

· A system integrated with related systems such as power supply, software, etc.

· Energy efficient equipment that will operate at minimum costs electricity, and, accordingly, financial investments.

· Equipment that operates with minimal noise and does not create discomfort for everyone in the room.

· Reliable room equipment with quality certificates and a guarantee.

Our specialists will help you choose optimal solution for each specific room, which will reduce financial investments and achieve maximum efficiency work. All this allows us to claim that ventilation systems, ordered from us, will last long years and won't create problems.

FAVEA designs, supplies and installs ventilation and air conditioning systems for clean rooms, including control and dispatch units for these systems.

General principles

The main task of ventilation and air conditioning systems is to create and maintain the following parameters in clean rooms:

Air cleaning

Before being supplied to clean rooms, the air goes through a 4-stage filtration system. Coarse and fine cleaning located in the central air conditioner. Ultra-fine filters, the so-called HEPA and ULPA filters, are located directly in the air distributors, i.e. before air enters the clean room. These filters are capable of capturing particles up to 0.01 µm in size.

Laminar air flow

Unidirectional (laminar) air flow is used to create local clean zones. In this flow, air movement occurs in one direction and “displaces” aerosol particles from the clean zone. Also, in a laminar flow there are no turbulences or mixing of air flows, which allows particles to remain in the flow field for a minimum time.

Laminar flow is ensured through the use of special laminar air distributors and laminar ceilings, which are part of the ventilation and air conditioning system.

Central air conditioner for clean rooms

The main element of any ventilation and air conditioning system is the central air conditioner - a device in which full preparation air before supplying it to the premises.

For clean rooms, central air conditioners in a special “hygienic” design are used.

A standard central air conditioner consists of a housing in which the following elements are placed: a set of filters, heat exchangers for heating, cooling and dehumidifying air, a humidifier, fans for supplying air to and removing air from the room.

Automation and dispatching of ventilation and air conditioning systems

To control central air conditioners, as well as the entire ventilation and air conditioning system, the complex provides systems automatic regulation, management and dispatching.

The automatic regulation and control system allows:

• maintain and regulate the basic parameters of the system, such as temperature, humidity, fan speed, pressure drops;
• protect the heat exchangers of central air conditioners from freezing during low temperatures outside air;
• signal the occurrence of emergency situations, such as fan failure or the need to replace the filter.

To organize the operation of such systems, they are mainly used various sensors, relays and programmable controllers that are an integral part of any modern system ventilation and air conditioning.

The dispatch system is used to display system operation data from controllers on the screen personal computer, with the ability to control from of this computer system parameters.

FAVEA implements dispatch control systems as part of automated systems and integrates with external systems such as power supply, lighting, fire and security alarm, elevator equipment, etc. Dispatch systems provide, among other functions, multi-level user authorization, storage of parameters of all processes with maximum detail, constant monitoring of communication with controllers, the ability remote access via the Internet or local network without special additional software, multilingual interface.

Automated systems are built on the basis of modern controllers, sensors, control valves and drives and electrical components from the world's leading manufacturers, such as Siemens, Sauter, Schneider Electric, Eaton, Legrand, Danfoss, Belimo and many others. etc.

Our systems are highly energy efficient due to the great attention paid to the most precise adjustment of regulators, the use of modern control algorithms and the ability to set detailed operating schedules and automatically change set values.

Our specialists have extensive successful experience in solving non-standard tasks automation of various equipment, development of concepts and complex control algorithms to meet all customer requirements and wishes.

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Ventilation in rooms such as the operating room is necessary to maintain hygienic conditions. Clean rooms are an environment where there are no microorganisms and harmful substances that adversely affect human health. It is under these conditions that they produce medicines, operate and treat patients, transfuse blood, produce watches and optics, assemble microelectronics, and process food. Providing and maintaining sanitary and hygienic conditions, as well as a controlled climate in such premises, play a particularly important role. A favorable microclimate is achieved using ventilation systems. However, ventilation in clean rooms should not be standard. The choice of such a climate control device depends on the functional load, size and cleanliness class. The latter represents certain requirements for the level of particles and impurities in the air.

Clean rooms are divided into three classes, differing in the number of microorganisms per unit volume:

Ventilation in clean rooms reduces the spread of microorganisms, supplies clean air, prevents the entry of contaminated air, and controls temperature and humidity levels. Most effective system air distribution is considered to be the installation of filters along the entire perimeter of the ceiling area. As a rule, cleanrooms are divided into four main types, each of which has different air flow:

• Clean room with multi-directional air flow. This can be achieved using conventional ventilation, which differs classical method supply through air distributors.
• Clean room with unidirectional air flow. This type involves supplying clean air using a filter system while maintaining the direction of movement. This flow is also called “laminar”, which ensures great importance air exchanges at low speed (0.3 m/sec throughout the entire zone).
• Clean room with mixed flow. In areas where the product is exposed to contamination, a laboratory cabinet with unidirectional flow is installed.

Supply and exhaust ventilation systems for clean rooms

Cleanrooms include those where microelectronics are assembled, medicines are manufactured, and watches are produced. The microclimate in these rooms must be stable
Forced ventilation clean room supplies clean air into the room with specified parameters for favorable microclimate. This ventilation system processes and purifies the air before supply, regulates the level of humidity and temperature. Exhaust ventilation a clean room removes contaminated air, ensures the necessary frequency of air exchange, and maintains negative pressure in certain areas of the room.

The specialists of our company “Vent-m” have necessary knowledge and practical skills for ventilation installation work in clean rooms. Taking into account all the features of such premises, they choose a certain type of device and install it on high level quality.

For healthcare facilities, scientific centers, as well as enterprises producing microelectronics and medicines, ventilation systems that are designed for “clean rooms” are suitable.

Clean room concept

A “clean” room is considered to be a room with all associated structures in which the concentration of microorganisms and particles in the air is maintained at the level defined by SNiP 41-01-2003(8) and GOST ISO 14644-1-2002. Its own cleanliness classes and sanitary standards also available in the USA and EU countries.

Depending on the number of suspended particles ranging in size from 0.1-5.0 microns per 1 m 3 in a clean room, 9 sterility classes have been established.

For example, class 5 iso has 2 subtypes:

• “A” – maximum permissible concentration of microorganisms 1/m3;
• “B” – MPC of microorganisms is not higher than 5/m3.

For cleanrooms, the appropriate ISO category and one of these states: “equipped”, “constructed” or “operating” apply.

Devices for creating “clean” air exchange

Organizing air conditioning and blowing systems is a labor-intensive process that requires specialized knowledge, the availability of certain tools and specific engineering solutions.

Air flows into such a room must be supplied already filtered from microorganisms, bacteria and contaminants, therefore one of the main roles in creating a favorable microenvironment in clean rooms is assigned to the cleaning system supply air. A running filtration system is considered to be the installation of several groups of cleaning elements after the blower fan:

1. Rough cleaning from mechanical contaminants;
2. Fine cleaning and antibacterial filtration;
3. Absolute purification of incoming air masses.

In addition to filtering devices, the ventilation of clean rooms involves: air intake and air distribution units, airlocks, and devices automatic maintenance required temperature and humidity, fans, as well as shut-off and control devices. The choice of a specific set of equipment depends, first of all, on the purpose of the cleanroom and the air mass cleanliness class required for the operation of this facility.

In the process of developing cleanroom ventilation systems, great attention should be paid to the design and material of pipes and filter chambers, which must be systematically processed for the purpose of antimicrobial prevention.

Features of air exchange

To maintain indoor air purity, it is necessary to use ventilation with an excessive volume of inflow, compared to exhaust unit in the adjacent offices.

• If there are no windows in the room, then the predominance of inflow over exhaust should reach 20%;
• If the room has windows that allow infiltration, then the efficiency of the air supply should be approximately 30% higher than the hood.

Such an air exchange system prevents the penetration of contaminants into the room and promotes the movement of air from a clean office to adjacent rooms. Much attention is paid to the options for admitting air flows into clean rooms and, as a rule, depends on their purpose.

Air supply to rooms with cleanliness class 1-6 is ensured by air distribution devices that uniformly direct air masses at a speed of 0.2 to 0.45 m/s. In offices with more low level cleanliness, it is allowed to create a non-unidirectional flow; for this purpose, ceiling diffusers are used. The frequency of air exchange in clean rooms is 25-60 times every 60 minutes.

Frequently used schemes

When developing air ducts, one of the most pressing problems is considered competent device air flows. Currently, 5 methods of arranging air distribution devices are most often used, the choice of which directly depends on the purpose of the cleanroom. Consider these diagrams:

• Unidirectional air flow is carried out through an inclined ventilation grille;
• Non-unidirectional flow of air masses is achieved through the use of ceiling diffusers;
• Supply air to the operating room is carried out through a perforated ceiling block, creating a unidirectional flow of the air mixture;
• Supply air is supplied thanks to a ceiling air distributor, which creates a unidirectional air flow into the work area;
• Non-unidirectional air is supplied using a circular air hose.

Exhaust ventilation in operating rooms is carried out by exhaust fans and supply grilles equipped with check valves.

Practice has shown that the best device Ceiling mesh air distributors are used to create a unidirectional air flow in the operating room. For example, a laminar ceiling measuring 1.8x2.4 meters in an operating room, the area of ​​which reaches 40 m2, will allow organizing a 25-fold air exchange at a speed of air mass exiting the device of 0.2 m/s. These indicators are sufficient to assimilate excess heat from the operation of equipment and the number of medical workers in the operating room.

The development of ventilation and air conditioning systems in clean rooms is a complex process that requires a person to understand air exchange processes and the intricacies of using air distribution units. It is for this reason that to assemble the entire structure at such facilities, it is necessary to contact only masters of their craft.