Every person should know how to provide first aid for animal, snake, and insect bites, because it may be needed at any time. This becomes especially relevant in the warm season, when snakes wake up and many various insects such as ticks, spiders, wasps, hornets and others. First aid for snake and insect bites is briefly described in this article.

Bites from domestic and wild animals

If a person is bitten by an animal, no matter whether domestic or wild, a bite wound is formed, which is dangerous because there is a risk of:

• get tetanus;
• if the animal has rabies, become infected with this disease;
• due to the fact that there are bacteria in the animal's saliva, the wound may become infected.

If a person is bitten by an animal, the first thing to do is:

• stop the bleeding;
• by special means treat the wound;
• apply a sterile bandage to the bite site;
• Be sure to contact a medical facility.

Medical care is very important in case of an animal bite, especially when bitten by a wild or stray animal. After all, it can suffer from rabies or other diseases. It is less dangerous if the bite was made by a healthy pet that has been vaccinated in advance, and the wound is shallow.

Bee, hornet, wasp, bumblebee stings

The venom of these insects contains active substances. They can cause a severe allergic reaction in some people, which can be quite dangerous.

Symptoms:

• a strong feeling appears at the site of the bite painful sensation, the skin at the site of the lesion turns red and swells;
• if there are multiple bites, this may be accompanied by vomiting, convulsions, and even loss of consciousness;
• an allergic reaction often develops.

If a person is bitten by an insect, the following actions must be taken:

Poisonous snake bite

First aid for bites of poisonous snakes and insects should be provided immediately, since the poison, entering the blood, spreads throughout the body. It is very dangerous for human health and life when a bite is made by a viper, cobra, copperhead, efa or viper. Usually snakes are not the first to attack people; they can bite only if they are somehow disturbed, for example, touched, stepped on, etc.

A person who has been bitten by a snake most often does not know for sure whether it is poisonous or not. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately provide first aid, without waiting for symptoms to appear that the poison has begun to act. The person should be sent immediately to a nearby medical facility where he can receive emergency assistance.

Cobra bite

A cobra bite is very dangerous. In the place where the bite occurred, numbness immediately occurs and severe pain is felt. Such symptoms instantly begin to spread throughout the limb and then throughout the entire body. The initial collapse develops within the first 15-20 minutes after the bite occurs. This then affects the heart, the lungs swell, and late shock occurs. A person develops a staggering gait, which indicates a lack of coordination of movements. Paralysis of the motor muscles of the pharynx, tongue, and extraocular muscles gradually develops, as evidenced by a hoarse voice, difficulty swallowing, and shallow and infrequent breathing. Cardiac arrhythmia appears later than other symptoms.

Viper or copperhead bite

If the bite was made by a copperhead or viper, poisoning with their venom causes rapid development of edema of the injured limb. After 20-40 minutes after a snake bite, the victim begins to show signs of shock: dizziness begins, nausea appears, the skin becomes pale, the pulse is weak but frequent, and drops sharply arterial pressure, loss of consciousness may occur. At the site where the bite was made, hemorrhage appears, the skin becomes of blue color. Sometimes tissue necrosis occurs. Symptoms of poisoning snake venom become most pronounced at the end of the first day.

Giving help

First aid for snake, insect, and tick bites should be provided immediately after the incident. If you are bitten by one of the poisonous snakes, it is recommended to do the following:

If the bite was made to the upper or lower limb, it is recommended:

• 5 centimeters above the place where the snake bit, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage;
• carry out immobilization;
• constantly monitor the place where the bandage is applied, loosen it as swelling of the limb increases;
• lay or sit the victim so that the limb with the wound is below the level of the heart;
• a person should drink as much as possible more water;
• if it is not possible to deliver the victim to the hospital within an hour, and his condition worsens, then an injection of a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug must be given.

When bitten by a snake, it is prohibited:

• cut or cauterize the bite area;
• apply a tourniquet.

Tick ​​bites

These insects are carriers of a dangerous disease - tick-borne encephalitis. If you are bitten by a tick, you need to do the following:

Next, you need to contact a special laboratory with the tick removed, where it will be examined. If it confirms that the insect is infected with the encephalitis virus, emergency prevention of tick-borne encephalitis is carried out in a medical facility.

Scientists note that there are more than 20,000 species of arachnids on our planet. All of them are poisonous, but to varying degrees. Most spiders have venom of low toxicity, and therefore, when biting a person, it does not cause any symptoms of poisoning. In our area, you should only be wary of tarantulas and karakurts (they are also called “black widows”).

The tarantula is a medium-sized spider, approximately 3 centimeters. Sometimes tarantulas can reach 12 centimeters. They can be black or dark brown in color. A feature of this species of spider, by which it is easy to recognize, is its body, completely covered with hairs.

Karakurt is a highly poisonous spider. It has small size, its length is only 2 centimeters. The color is black, with red spots on the belly.

Tarantula bites

The tarantula is much larger than the karakurt, and also, due to its hairiness, looks much more scary than the karakurt. But nevertheless, its bite is not so dangerous for the life of the victim. The bite of this spider is similar to a bee sting. Symptoms include the following:

• pain;
• the appearance of edema and swelling;
• heaviness and lethargy in the body;
• desire to sleep.

Symptoms disappear after a few days.

Karakurt bites

Much more dangerous, although it is almost painless and looks like a light injection. Symptoms may only be noticed after a few hours. They are expressed as follows:

• First, the skin at the site of the bite turns red and swelling appears. After an hour, the wound begins to hurt very much. The pain gradually spreads to the stomach, lower back, calves, and shoulder blades. It radiates to the soles of the feet and armpits.
• The victim feels severe weakness.
• My head is spinning.
• The face swells.
• Nausea appears.
• The person has difficulty breathing.
• Blood pressure rises sharply.
• The pulse is increased.
• Body temperature reaches 39-40 degrees.
• Some muscles begin to twitch convulsively.
• IN severe cases Pulmonary edema, convulsions, and coma may occur.

First aid for spider bites

First aid for snake and insect bites (grade 6 - the time when it is studied at school) should be provided immediately:

• An adult or child who has been bitten by a spider should make as little movements as possible.
• Take painkillers.
• Apply something cold to the bite site.
• If the bite was made to a limb, bandage it tightly 5 centimeters above the bite.
• Administer a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug if it is not possible to send the victim to a medical facility within an hour.

Now you know how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites. In life safety (security classes at school, this is studied already in the 6th grade, but gradually the knowledge is forgotten, so it would not be superfluous to recall it in memory.

Lesson PlanLife Safety

Lesson topic: First aid for snake and insect bites

Class: 6

The purpose of the lesson: Studying new material and developing skills in behavior when bitten by snakes and insects, providing first aid for snake and insect bites

Lesson form: group, individual. (The lesson is held in the form of an explanatory and illustrative conversation-dialogue with elements of discussion)

Lesson stage

Teacher activities

Student activity

UUD

(Planned results)

I. Organizing time.

II. Statement of the problem, its solution.

Determining the purpose and objectives of the lesson.

III. Main part.

IV. Fzkultminutka. (in the middle of the lesson)

V. Group performance

VI. Reflection

Teacher. Hello guys! Let's check if everyone is present in class today.

Teacher. – In order to determine what we will study in class today. I suggest you solve a small crossword puzzle.

Teacher: And so the key word, what did you get?

Children: Bite!

Teacher: Let's together decide on the goals of our lesson!

Children: In today's lesson we will learn about insect and snake bites!

Teacher. Are we only interested in insect bites?

Children: No, we also need to know how to provide first aid for bites.

Teacher: Yes, you're right, we will learn how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites and at the end of the lesson we will reinforce today's topic with testing.

Teacher: In order to learn how to provide first aid for bites, we need to divide into groups. Using the material (cutting text with PMP, symptoms of a bite, what is prohibited to do when bitten) that you see on the tables, you need to highlight the main thing and draw up reminders according to the following plan: symptoms of a bite, providing first aid. help, which is prohibited in case of bites.

Teacher: You have 10 minutes to complete, after which each group presents its memo.

Finger gymnastics

And our granddaughter has small hands,

And the fingers on the hands are girls and boys.

Fingers live together, they are called by name:

Finger Sasha, finger Masha,

Misha Grisha and Stepan,

Zhenya's finger, Fenya's finger,

Tanya, Vanya and Roman.

These are the fingers -

Girls and boys.

Teacher: And so, you have completed the task, now I ask you to show your notes, but also to explain.

Teacher: Guys, in order to consolidate our topic today and get a grade, I suggest you take a short test. After which you can evaluate for yourself how much you understand the topic of our lesson.

Teacher: Today you have gained new knowledge, thanks to which you will now be able to provide primary care to yourself and your loved ones.

Homework

Students submit a report on those present in class

Students solve a crossword puzzle, write the correct answers on the board (where the crossword is prepared in advance)

Students write down the topic of the lesson in their notebooks.

Students complete tasks on A3 sheets, using various pictures and clippings from the text.

During the defense, students explain why they did what they did. Answer the teacher's questions.

Perform the test

Communicative and personal UUD

Cognitive, communicative UUD

Regulatory communicative and cognitive UUD

Cognitive, regulatory UUD

Communicative, personal and cognitive UUD

Cognitive, personal UUD

IN summer time a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, and in some areas - a scorpion, tarantula or others poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but when bitten, poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity, either acts first on the area of ​​the body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.

Poisonous snake bites life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person on the leg when he steps on them. Therefore, you should not walk barefoot in places where there are snakes. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymphatic vessel. When poison is injected intradermally, intoxication increases within 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. Other things being equal, poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in people under the influence of alcohol.

Symptoms: burning pain at the site of the bite, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, blisters with fluid, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in size. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.

First aid:

§ a tourniquet must be applied above the bitten area or
twisting to prevent poison from entering other parts of the body (only for cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);

§ the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood containing the poison from the wound;

§ immediately begin intensive suction of the poison from the wound by mouth for 10-15 minutes (preliminarily squeeze the fold of skin in the area of ​​the bite and “open” the wounds) and spit out the contents; You can pull the blood along with the poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or shot glass with thick edges. To do this, hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick in a jar (glass or shot glass) for a few seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;

§ ensure immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in the supine position during transportation to medical institution; drinking plenty of water;

§ apply cold (ice pack) to the wound; wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, 1 ml of 1% solution intramuscularly; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.

!You cannot suck blood from a wound with your mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in your mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the person providing assistance.

! Do not make an incision at the site of the bite; provide alcohol in all forms.

Insect bites(bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction in the body. Their single bites do not pose any particular danger. If there is a sting left in the wound, it must be carefully removed, and a lotion of ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or just cold water should be applied to the wound.

Bites poisonous insects very dangerous. Their venom causes not only severe pain and burning at the site of the bite, but sometimes general poisoning. Symptoms resemble those of snake venom poisoning. In case of severe poisoning by spider venom karakurt Death may occur within 1-2 days.

Symptoms: limited local painful inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stung in the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Chills, nausea, dizziness, and dry mouth are mild. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.

Urgent Care: Quickly remove the bee sting and squeeze out the poison from the wound; put cold on the bite site; moisten, drip galazolin, alcohol, validol into the bite site; take antihistamines internally: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen; hot drink; if asthmatic syndrome develops, use a pocket inhaler; with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy; call an ambulance.

A person gets sick from the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal. rabies. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If your arm or leg is bitten, you need to quickly lower it and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound. If there is bleeding, the blood should not be stopped for some time. After this, the bite site is washed boiled water, apply a clean bandage to the wound and immediately send the patient to a medical facility, where the victim is given special vaccinations that will save him from the deadly disease - rabies.

We bring to your attention a convenient reminder containing information on first aid measures in case of bites of various insects, snakes and animals. IN summer period These tips become especially relevant.

Insect bites (bees, wasps, bumblebees, hornets)

Stinging insect bites are usually quite painful and are accompanied by redness and swelling. The danger mostly lies in the possibility of developing an allergic reaction. In case of a bite you must:

• Check the affected area for the presence of an insect sting. It must be carefully removed from the wound with tweezers.
• Treat the affected area with a cotton swab moistened with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, a light pink solution of potassium permanganate or even plain water with salt (a teaspoon per glass).
• Apply cold (ice) to the bite site. It will relieve pain and swelling.
• The victim needs to drink plenty of fluids, and if he has a predisposition to allergic reactions adoption should be ensured antihistamine(suprastin, tavegil, claritin, etc.). If these measures do not stop the development of symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Tick ​​bite

Ticks deserve special attention. Everyone knows that this small-looking insect is a carrier of very serious diseases.

• It is not recommended to remove a tick yourself; this can be done better by specialists. medical institution. If you can’t turn to a professional for help, then stock up on tweezers and alcohol. You need to grab the tick as close to the victim’s skin as possible, and pull (do not pull!) perpendicular to its surface, slowly and carefully. If the insect's head does come off, do not rush to panic, but simply remove it like an ordinary splinter, treating the wound with alcohol or brilliant green. If you are afraid of infection, then save the tick in a vial and take it to the laboratory for analysis.

Snake bite

Snake poisoning is always life-threatening. If possible, then a person bitten by a snake (after first aid) must go to a medical institution, where he will be injected with a specific antidote serum. The bite of a non-venomous snake leaves two thin stripes on the body minor scratches, a poisonous reptile adds a puncture from fangs to the end of each of them. The first minutes after the injury, the victim does not feel severe pain, but after 10-15 minutes it begins to intensify, acquiring a burning character. It is very difficult to provide effective help on your own.

• A person bitten by a snake must be laid down, without giving him the opportunity to walk or move, so that the poison does not spread through the bloodstream throughout the body.
• Remember that panic and nervousness also speed up blood flow, so try to calm down.
• Wash the bitten area warm water with soap and apply a clean bandage.
• Not recommended: tight bandaging above the bite site and applying a splint. This is one of the most common methods of combating snake venom, but everything more specialists comes to the conclusion that it does more harm than good. Foreign researchers have found that applying a tourniquet significantly enhances local pathological processes in the body, up to gangrene of the entire limb. Sometimes it has to be amputated.
• Not recommended: Cauterize the bite site, make incisions. This causes excess blood loss, can provoke additional infection, and the wound does not heal for a long time after this.
• Not recommended: Suck out the poison. This method is not so much dangerous as it is not justified due to its low efficiency. You can use it, but only if you are injured Small child or the bite was received from a large and very poisonous snake. In any case, you must act confidently and calmly, and there should be no scratches or other damage in your mouth (on your lips, mucous membranes of the oral cavity).
• Cold may also help the victim. If a person gets worse, some experts recommend inducing vomiting. A mandatory and urgent call to the doctor is required.

Animal bites (cats, dogs)

Most often, people suffer from dog bites, less often from cats, and even less often from wild animals. natural conditions or at the zoo. Such bites are dangerous for infection with rabies, toxoplasmosis and other diseases.

• It is necessary to wash the affected area running water to remove any remaining animal saliva from the wound.
• Treat the skin around the wound (not the wound itself!) with alcohol or tincture of iodine, then apply a clean bandage and take the victim to a doctor.
• Your doctor will decide whether to vaccinate against rabies. Of course, it will be very helpful if you find the owner of the animal that caused the bite, and he will provide you with information about the health and vaccinations of the offender. If the animal is homeless, then the victim in any case will have to endure more than one injection.

Remember - many bites can be avoided if you behave correctly. Never tease animals yourself and teach your children not to do this. It is especially important not to provoke aggression from snakes, which most often move out of a person’s path on their own, and attack only if they are disturbed or teased. Wear high shoes when walking in a field, forest or in the mountains. Do not touch animals belonging to other owners without permission, and do not allow children to do so. Even the most peaceful and good-natured dog can react inappropriately to a stranger, because it has its own character and mood. Do not provoke situations that could lead to a bite, so as not to blame others for this later. If a bite does occur, no matter who it was received from, never try to stop the bleeding - along with it, poison and other poisons are removed from the wound harmful substances that can cause infection.

| Lesson plan for the academic year | Providing primary care for snake and insect bites

Basics of life safety
6th grade

Lesson 28
Providing primary care for snake and insect bites

Providing first aid for a poisonous snake bite

When a person is bitten by a poisonous snake, two small red dots remain on the skin from the penetration of poisonous teeth. In the first minutes after the bite, a slight pain and burning sensation occurs in this place, the skin turns red, and swelling increases. Weakness, dizziness, nausea appear, and blood pressure decreases. These phenomena reach their maximum 8-36 hours after the bite.

Immediately after the bite it is necessary to ensure that the victim is at rest and in a horizontal position: this will ensure a minimum rate of poison transfer in the blood. Calm the victim. Transport it to a safe, weather-protected location. Immediately begin sucking the poison out of the wound. To do this, immediately after the bite, open the wound by pressing with your fingers, and then suck out the poison with your mouth for 15 - 20 minutes. Spit out the bloody liquid. These actions are harmless to the person providing assistance. With proper and timely suction of poison from the wound, it is possible to suck out 50% of the poison. To reduce blood circulation, cold can be applied to the bite site ( plastic bag With cold water). Disinfect the wound with iodine or brilliant green and apply a sterile bandage, which should be loosened as the swelling increases.

Give the affected area of ​​the body an elevated position, fix it, apply an immobilization bandage or splint. Give the victim plenty of fluids. Drinking coffee is contraindicated. Arrange for the victim to be transported to a medical facility.

If you are bitten by a poisonous snake, you must:

■ make incisions at the site of the bite;

■ cauterize the bite site;

■ apply a tourniquet above the bite site;

■ allow the victim to perform any physical activity.

First aid for insect bites

When bitten by bees, wasps, hornets and bumblebees, pain, burning, swelling and a local increase in temperature develop at the site of the bite. With multiple bites, weakness, dizziness, headache, chills, nausea, vomiting, body temperature rises. People with hypersensitivity to bee venom may experience pain in the lower back and joints, convulsions and loss of consciousness.

First of all You need to remove the insect sting from the skin and moisten the stung area with alcohol. Apply cold to the stung area ( plastic bag with cold water). Give the victim plenty of fluids.

Note that the most dangerous are stings from bees, wasps, and hornets in the oral cavity, where the insect can get when a person eats fruit. In such cases, urgent assistance is necessary, since the resulting swelling of the larynx and suffocation are deadly.

Due to the specific properties of mosquito saliva, small bubbles form at the site of its bite, causing itching and a burning sensation.

Itching can be eliminated by moistening the skin with ammonia or a solution of baking soda (half a teaspoon of soda per glass of water).

Note that in places where there are large concentrations of mosquitoes, mosquito nets made from gauze are used. Used to repel mosquitoes various means. Malarial mosquitoes, which are carriers of malaria and other diseases, pose a particular danger. You can distinguish them by their landing. Ordinary mosquitoes sit with their abdomen parallel to the surface, while malaria mosquitoes lift their abdomen upward.

Test yourself

■ What are the consequences of insect bites (bees, wasps, hornets)? Find 1-2 examples on the Internet and prepare a message.
■ How to provide first aid for insect bites?

After lessons

Determine what precautions you should take in your area during the spring, summer, and fall to avoid snake bites and reduce the possibility of insect bites. Record your answer in your safety journal. Be sure to discuss your conclusions with your parents and life safety teacher.

1. Determine how the contents of your personal first aid kit will change at different times of the year. Make notes about this in your safety diary.

2. Based on the results of studying the section “Fundamentals of medical knowledge and first aid” and using Internet resources, medical literature write an essay on one of the topics “Causes of injuries and first aid in such cases”, “Use medicinal plants and mushrooms for providing first aid to injured (sick)”, “Personal hygiene in camping conditions”.