Hip roof - drawings and detailed arrangement! How to properly make a hipped roof with your own hands How to build a hipped roof

Many people like houses with hipped roofs. Even though they require the most materials, and therefore the most money, they are popular. Firstly, because they give even a simple “box” more interesting view. Secondly, because they are durable and reliable. And let the rafter system hipped roof one of the most difficult, it can be developed and made with your own hands.

Types of hipped roofs

Hip roofs are the most expensive and difficult to construct. But despite this, they were and remain popular. And all because they look more attractive than all other types of roofing, have high mechanical strength, and resist wind and snow loads well. A house with a hipped roof or even a gazebo looks “more solid” than any other.

Even a simple “box” under a 4-pitch roof looks impressive

There are two main types of 4-pitch roofs: hip and hip. The hip roof is suitable for square buildings, the hip one - for rectangular ones. In a hip roof, all four slopes look like triangles and they all converge at one point - in the center of the square.

The classic hip roof has two slopes in the form of trapezoids that converge at the ridge. These slopes are located along the long side of the rectangle. The other two slopes are triangles that are adjacent to extreme points ridge beam.

Despite the fact that there are four slopes in any case, the design and calculation of these roofs are different. The assembly order is also different.

Half-hip

Hip roofing is much more common - after all, there are much more rectangular buildings than square ones. There are several more varieties of it. For example, half-hip ones - Danish and Dutch.

Half-hip roofs - Danish and Dutch

They are good because they make it possible to install full-fledged windows in the vertical part of the side slopes. This allows you to use the under-roof space as a living space. Of course, compared to a full second floor, there is less living space, but construction costs are also not so high.

Slope angle and roof height

The angle of inclination of a hipped roof is determined based on snow and wind loads in your region. The higher the snow load, the higher the ridge must be raised so that the slope is steeper and the snow does not linger in large volumes. In strong winds, on the contrary, the ridge is lowered lower to reduce the area of ​​the slopes and, therefore, wind load.

Even when choosing the angle of inclination of the roof slopes, they are guided by aesthetic and practical considerations. With aesthetics, everything is more or less clear - the building should look proportional. And it looks better with fairly high roofs - 0.5-0.8 of the height of the first (or only) floor.

Practical considerations come in two directions. First, if the under-roof space is planned to be used as a living space, pay attention to the area that will be comfortable for use. It is more or less comfortable to be in a room with a ceiling height of 1.9 m. And even then, this is for people of average height. If your height is higher than 175 cm, you will have to raise the bar.

On the other hand, the greater the height of the roof, the more materials will be required for its manufacture. And this is the second one practical aspect, which needs to be taken into account.

There is one more point that should be taken into account: roofing materials have a minimum and maximum slope angle with which this coating can “work”. If you have a specific preference for the type roofing material, take this factor into account. This determines the height to which the rafter system of a hipped roof should be raised (relative to the walls).

Hip type hip roof rafter system

If a hip roof is made, it is most often a hip roof. Let's talk about it first. The central part of the rafter system repeats the system one to one. The system can also be with layered or hanging rafters. Hanging rafters are installed “in place” - on the roof; two people are enough for such work. Layered roof trusses, in the form of triangles, can be assembled on the ground, and then, ready, lifted and installed. In this case, there is less work at height, but to lift and install ready-made trusses, you need either equipment (a crane) or a team of four or more people.

The main differences between the rafter system of a hip roof are in those places where the rafters are shortened (rafter half-legs) and the hip is formed - triangular slopes. Here diagonal rafters are installed, which are also called rafters. They rest on the outer or inner corners of the building and are longer than conventional ones rafter legs. Diagonal rafters must be addressed Special attention, since they bear one and a half load (when compared with neighboring rafters). Therefore, the corner rafter legs are made reinforced - they are assembled from two boards, joining them in width using nails. Also, to support the diagonal rafter legs, additional racks and slopes are installed, which are called a truss block.

Another rafter system for a hip-type hipped roof is distinguished by the fact that the Mauerlat is laid around the perimeter of the building, and not just along the long sides of the box. This is understandable - the rafters are located along the perimeter, and not just on two sides, as in a gable roof.

Mauerlat- element of the roofing system of a building. It is a beam or log laid on top along the perimeter outer wall. Serves as the extreme lower support for the rafters.

Diagonal rafters

As already mentioned, slanted (corner) rafters carry increased load: from the shortened rafters of the side slopes and from the hips. In addition, the length of the diagonal rafters of a hip roof usually exceeds standard length lumber - it is more than 6 meters, so they are made spliced ​​and doubled (paired). This solves two problems at once: we obtain a beam of the required length and increase its load-bearing capacity. Two paired boards can withstand greater loads than solid timber the same section. And one more point: spliced ​​beams for slanted rafters are made of the same material as ordinary rafter legs. It's cheaper, and you don't need to look for special material.

If spliced ​​beams are used, diagonal rafters are usually secured by installing struts and/or trusses (racks).

• If the length of the beam is up to 7.5 m, one strut is sufficient, which rests on the upper part of the beam.
• For lengths from 7.5 m to 9 m, an additional stand or truss is installed. These supports are placed at the bottom, 1/4 of the length of the rafters.
• When the length of the inclined rafter is more than 9 meters, a third, intermediate support is needed - a stand that supports the middle of the purlin.

Sprengel — special system, which consists of a beam resting on two adjacent external walls. A stand rests on this beam, supported on both sides by slopes (the slopes are installed if necessary).

A truss truss is usually not considered, but is made from the same materials as the truss system. For the beam itself 150*100 mm, for the racks - 100*100 mm, for the slopes - 50*100 mm. This can be a beam of a suitable cross-section or spliced ​​beams.

Supporting the rafter leg

The upper end of the diagonal rafter legs rests on the ridge beam. The exact execution of this assembly depends on the type of system and the number of runs.

If there is only one purlin, the consoles are made 10-15 cm longer than the rafter frame. If such an outlet is too large, it is then trimmed. But it’s not worth making it shorter - growing it is much more difficult and expensive. The slanted diagonal legs will rest at this point.

The rafters are cut at the desired angle and joined on the console. Fastened with nails. The connection can be strengthened using metal overlay plates.

If there are two ridge spans (done if residential premises are planned mansard type), the connection method depends on the material from which the rafters are made:

• If spliced ​​boards are used, a truss is required, which rests on the outriggers of the ridge girders. Diagonal rafters are trimmed and supported on a truss post.
• If timber is used, a crimp is installed at the point of support - a piece of board at least 50 mm thick. The board is attached with nails to two purlins, and to this board there are already rafter legs that will form a hip.

Bottom part slanted rafter legs are trimmed horizontally and attached to the mauerlat or trim board. For greater reliability of the unit, you can install an additional oblique beam and fix the corner beam to it (in the figure below).

Fastening is done with nails on both sides; if necessary, it can be additionally secured with wire twists or clamps.

How to attach sprigs and half-legs

Shortened rafters of the side slopes (also called half-legs) are attached to the installed diagonal rafter legs on one side, and on the other side - rafters forming a hip. They must be placed in such a way that the joints do not coincide. Sometimes for this you have to change the distance between the external rafters (preferably in the direction of decreasing the pitch).

Typically, shortened rafters are trimmed and secured with 2-3 nails on both sides. This type of fastening is sufficient in most cases. But, if you want to do it “correctly”, under each rafter you need to make a “notch” - a notch no more than half the thickness of the beam. The rafters are trimmed and installed in desired position, trace the desired contour on the beam (an uneven trapezoid is obtained due to different connection angles). A recess is cut out along the resulting contour, into which the half-leg is inserted, after which it is secured with nails on both sides. This is a complex knot, and it takes a long time to do. But load bearing capacity such a connection is much higher. There is another option, which is much simpler in execution, but differs little in reliability.

The optimal way to attach the splints and half-legs to the mowing beam is to fasten them on nails with the additional installation of cranial bars (see figure above). For this, a beam with a cross section of 50*50 mm is used, which is nailed along the lower edge of the beam between the fixed rafters. In this version, the beam becomes an I-beam, which greatly increases its elasticity and increases its load-bearing capacity.

How to fasten the lower ends of the rafters

The method of fastening the lower ends of the rafters depends on what type of rafter system of the hipped roof is chosen - with hanging or layered rafters, and what kind of scheme is used. System with sliding rafters(usually used for buildings for which thrust loads are contraindicated - wooden, frame, lightweight concrete) is implemented using special metal fastenings. They consist of two parts. One is installed on the embedded board, the second - on the rafters. They are connected to each other movably - using a long slot or plate.

With this device, when the load changes, the roof “plays back” - the rafters move relative to the walls. There are no thrust loads; the entire mass of the roof and precipitation is transferred vertically downwards to the walls. This fastening allows you to compensate for uneven loads that arise when complex device roofs (with junctions in the form of the letter G or T).

Rigid fastening can be done in different ways - with a cutout for the Mauerlat/tying board or with a hemmed support bar. Fastening is usually done with nails, but it can be strengthened metal plates and corners.

The connection with the cutout is made if the roof has a hipped roof with an outlet - overhangs. Usually the overhangs are quite large and, in order not to buy long beams, they are extended by adding boards that are nailed right through to the bottom of the beams. This allows you to make the overhangs as long as you want without overspending on materials.

Danish half hip roof

Rafter system The hipped roof of the Danish type differs from the classic hip roof. The difference is in the design of the hip - here, at some distance from the ridge, it is stuffed support board at least 5 cm thick. Diagonal double rafters are attached to this board. How low to lower the support board is your choice. But the lower the board is lowered, the smaller the angle this slope will have, and the worse the precipitation will be. At large area half hip, you will have to calculate the load and select the thickness of the rafters.

But the low-lowered support board allows you to place horizontal window sufficient area. This is beneficial if there is a living space under a hipped hip roof.

To prevent the crimp (a board connecting two opposite rafter legs) from bending from downward loads, a short piece is installed - a piece of the same board that is nailed to the post supporting the ridge beam. The same stops are made on the edges of the grooves, securing the short ones well with nails (installation step is staggered every 5-10 cm).

With such a device, it is necessary to strengthen the attachment points of the layered rafters, since the load from them is transferred to the outer pair of rafter legs. Two methods of amplification are used:

• The outer rafters are made double.
• Install struts from double boards. The lower part of the strut rests on the bench or stand. They are fastened with nails, and the joints are reinforced by installing cuttings of boards.

If the house has rectangular shape and the hip is not too wide, you can either install struts or make the outer rafters from double beams. Otherwise, the rafter system of a half-hip Danish type hip roof is assembled in exactly the same way as described above.

Construction of a 4 pitched hipped roof using the example of a gazebo

For a square gazebo 4.5*4.5 meters, we made a hip roof covered soft tiles. The slope angle chosen was “floor material”, taking into account snow and wind loads - 30°. Since the structure is small, it was decided to do simple system(in the picture below). The distance between the rafter legs is 2.25 m. For rafter lengths up to 3.5 m, a board of 40 * 200 mm is needed. A 90*140 mm beam was used for the strapping.

We assembled the rafter system on the ground, secured it to support posts, then installed a continuous flooring made of, then -.

First, we assembled the harness that will be attached to the support posts. Next, we installed rafters that rest on the middle of the frame. The procedure here is as follows: in the middle we place a stand, on top of which the rafter legs will be joined. In this version, this rack is temporary, we only need it for a while - until we connect the first four rafters in the center. In other cases - for big houses- this stand can remain.

We take a board of the required section and lean it against the stand in the place where they will connect (depending on the desired angle of inclination). We mark how it should be cut (at the top, at the joint and where it joins the harness). We cut off all excess, try it on again, and adjust if necessary. Next, using this blank, we make three more of the same kind.

Now the rafter system is hipped hip roof you can start collecting. The most questions arise about the junction of the rafter legs in the center. The best way- reliable and not too complicated - take a piece of timber of a suitable cross-section, make an octagon out of it - for joining eight rafter legs (four corner and four central).

The size of the edges is according to the cross-section of the rafter legs

Having fixed all four central elements of the rafter system with nails, we perform the same operations with the corner rafters: we take one, try it on, cut it out, make three copies using the template we made, and mount it.

Using the same principle, we make half-legs (shortened rafters). If desired, all connections can be further strengthened with corners or metal plates, then the rafter system of the hipped roof will be more reliable and you will not be afraid even in the heaviest snowfalls.

We install the assembled system on the gazebo posts, fasten it with nails, corners, and secure it with slopes. After this, you can install the sheathing (in in this case- continuous) and lay the roofing material.

Hip-slope roofs are becoming more in demand every year, which is due to the conditions for designing fairly large structures. This roof looks more compact and neat compared to classic options gable roofs. In addition, it is possible to perform not only standard design such a roof, but also to diversify the roof with various elements, most often represented by dormer and dormer windows.

Options for hip roofs

Hip-slope roofs are distinguished by sufficient species diversity, which allows following types designs:

• . It is characterized by two trapezoidal planes in combination with a pair of triangular slopes. The design is distinguished by the absence of pediments, and for the installation of attic or dormer windows are used roofing slopes.

• half hip roof. The main difference is unusual design hips, which consist of two parts. The lower trapezoidal segment is combined with the upper triangular part.

• hip roof. The name of this design is due to the joining of all four triangular slopes at one upper point to form a quadrangular pyramid with a base of a square or rectangle. Characterized by the complete absence of pediments. The construction of hipped roofs is due to the presence of a rather complex rafter system, which requires detailed drawings and careful planning.

Design Features

To create a competent roof design, it is necessary to take into account any possible loads that the future rafter system will experience.

Project documentation must contain:

• basic drawings of the rafter system and main components at the junction of the rafters with the Mauerlat and the ridge, as well as the location of the sheathing;

• technological features roofing pie and other roofing elements.

Drawing of a hipped roof

The basis of a detailed project makes it easy to perform all calculations of the required amount of materials for the rafter system and roofing pie.

Load calculation

The main units of account include:

• the mass of the required roofing material;

• the mass of all layers of the roofing pie being performed, including steam and waterproofing, as well as the amount of insulation;

• wind load, calculated taking into account regional characteristics and roof slope;

• indicators of intensity and amount of precipitation in summer;

• snow load typical for the construction region;

• weight serving roof covering, of people;

• dimensions and weight additional equipment, intended to be installed on the roof surface.

Calculating the dimensions of hip roof elements

The obtained parameters and the roof slope indicator form the basis for calculating the length and cross-section of the rafter system and contribute to the competent selection of roofing material.

Construction of the rafter system

The process of installing hipped roofs is based on the use of slanted or diagonal rafters, which are located towards the corners of the structure. It should be borne in mind that such a design is subject to a greater load, which requires rafters made of double type beams.

A fairly significant length requires the use of connections that may be subject to subsidence under high loads. It is for this reason that strong supports must be installed under the connecting elements.

The design requires the use of spreaders or short rafters, the upper part of which rests on the sloped rafters. For fastening, several different points are selected to help distribute the load from the spigots as evenly as possible.

In addition to standard elements, additional frame components are involved in the process of creating a hipped roof. All components of such a roof are unified system, combining:

• beds, which are internal support beams laid on top of load-bearing walls or columns;

• side rafters forming trapezoidal roof slopes;

• diagonal or slanted type of rafters;

• vertical type of supports, represented by racks and trusses, which help maintain the rafter system;

• a purlin or ridge beam, which is a horizontal support for the rafter system at the top roofing structure. Placed on top of the posts and secured. For hip roof there is no need to install a ridge beam;

• horizontal ties or crossbars for connecting side rafters, which without installing such elements can move in different directions;

• roofing frames mounted on top of diagonal rafters to form a pitched frame;

• wind types of beams and struts, which increase the strength of the roof and allow it to withstand most loads;

• fillies to create the necessary roof overhang, which are fixed in the lower segment of the rafter legs.

Step-by-step DIY construction technology

Installation work is carried out immediately after the development of the project and the acquisition of all materials necessary in accordance with the calculations.

On initial stage Mauerlat is installed, which is fixed to the walls of the building. When laying, it is necessary to maintain a distance of five centimeters from the edge of the outer wall. Most often, an anchor option is used to attach the Mauerlat.

The next stage involves performing high-quality markings, followed by installation of racks and installation ridge beam. During the work performed, it is necessary to use a plumb line. To secure the racks, it is necessary to use special jibs.

Next is the installation of slant rafters, during installation of which the size of the future overhang is taken into account. Under standard conditions, the length of the overhang ranges from fifty centimeters to a meter. Optimal size- sixty centimeters.

Correct installation of diagonal rafters must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• slanted rafters are attached to the mauerlat with fastening of shortened rafters or splices;

• the transfer of loads from the slanted rafters is distributed by truss trusses;

• additional tie rods mounted on beams of longitudinal or transverse types are used as support for truss trusses;

• in accordance with project documentation tie rods, crossbars, racks and struts are installed, which are designed to increase the rigidity of the structure;

• fastening of the diagonal rafters at the top is carried out on a ridge girder, resting on a longitudinal type of beam;

• must be used special type inserts and notches, supplemented with metal fastening elements, which will ensure connection between the lower rafter ends and the Mauerlat;

• installation of ordinary rafters with a step corresponding to the design loads is carried out immediately after the installation of diagonal rafters;

• slanted rafters are connected by means of horizontal crossbars made of boards with a cross-section of 120 x 40 millimeters;

• slanted rafters increase the resistance of hip slopes under significant wind loads;

• the presence of a bay window in the project requires installation rafter beams from spliced edged boards or timber.

The next stage of installation is to install the flanges and side rafters, which must be located in the same plane. As a result of this work, side roof slopes are formed. Care should be taken to ensure that all installed rafter legs, extensions and side elements are parallel.

After completing the installation of the structure of the entire rafter system, it is necessary to perform a high-quality one, for which bars with a cross-section of forty or fifty millimeters are used. What follows is the standard execution of a suitable roofing pie, on top of which the selected roofing material is mounted.

Learn more about roof construction from the video.

Let's sum it up

The hip roof is the most reliable and economical option roofing device if there is no need for an attic.

Absence load-bearing elements in the form of rigid gables requires ensuring the reliability of the structure in accordance with the calculations and design.

Hip roofs belong to the category of popular and sought-after roofing structures, due to ease of installation and minimization of costs Construction Materials for the construction of walls.

The roof on a private house can be anything, it is up to the property owner. The type of roofing structure is selected based on general style and the size of the house, weather conditions and financial capabilities of the builder.

All hipped roofs are divided into several types according to their form:

• Tent. Such structures are erected on rectangular or square buildings. The slopes of such a roof - isosceles triangles, converging at one point;
• Hip. 2 slopes of this design are represented by trapezoids, 2 – by triangles. It is the triangular slopes on the pediments that are called hips. It is worth noting that hip roof types are the most common among all hip roof types;
• Multi-pincer, or valley. Very difficult types of roofing to construct, which are not as common as those mentioned above.

Hip and hip structures do not have pediments, so their construction is considered economical. The most important stage construction of such a roof is precise installation rafter system and competent calculations of the required material.

Example of a roofing system implementation

To fasten the rafters, one of 2 methods is used: layered or hanging. The layered method of installing rafters is very complex from a technical point of view and is used where there are no load-bearing walls inside the roof. The layered method is simpler and cheaper. Used on all roofing structures with 4 slopes and an inclination angle not exceeding 40°.

Technology of this roofing system

The rafter system of a hipped roof must necessarily have slanted (diagonal) rafters directed towards the corners of the building. To make these elements, a double board or timber is used. The load on slanted rafters is very high; they are often made of 2 parts.

Important: in order to fix both parts of the slanted rafters more reliably, they are supported with a special support stand.

The next element of the truss structure hip roofs are narozhniki. These short rafters are located in the corners and rest their tops on the sloping elements. The connection of these two types of rafters in several places provides strength to the frame being built.

Scheme of the rafter system for a hip roof

If the length of the diagonal rafters exceeds 7 m, an additional support stand is installed. One end of the rack rests under the rafters, the other on the truss (a beam placed in the corner of the roof on two adjacent walls).

The installation of the support stand is carried out on a layer of waterproofing placed on the ceiling. If the truss is reinforced with struts, it is customary to talk about constructing a truss truss.

Hipped 4-slope roofs are no less popular than hip roofs. They are distinguished by their simplicity and high margin of safety. This design has its own characteristics that distinguish its installation from the hip system:

• There is no ridge purlin on hip roof structures; the diagonal rafters are connected at the top point. To strengthen the hip rafter system, many builders install a central post. Otherwise, the entire structure is assembled from suspended elements secured with ties and other fasteners.
• The rafters in the center are mounted in the direction from above to the walls, tilt angle - 90°. IN parallel to the plane installation of splints and cranial beams is carried out, reinforcing the oblique elements;
• In the absence of beams in the structure, it is possible to cut the frames into the rafters or nail them;
• Strengthening long diagonal rafters is carried out according to a similar principle with hip structures (sprengels).

The technology described describes general rules, according to which the installation of the rafter system of a hipped roof of a private house is carried out. In industrial or large-scale residential construction, other methods of constructing roofing structures that can withstand heavy coverings are used.

To prevent the wood from starting to rot, under reinforced concrete floors a bed is placed, located on 2 layers of waterproofing.

Set of rules for installation

To correctly install rafters on a roof with four slopes, you must adhere to several rules:

• The design of the rafter system, expressed in the choice of the type of roofing structure and the most complete drawing of the future roof;
• The slope of the slopes is determined;
• Selecting the type of rafter structure (sloping or hanging);
• Calculation of material requirements, determination of the required thickness of timber, boards for rafters. Important: saving on material for making rafters is stupid; the strength of the entire roof frame depends on this point.
• Purchase Supplies: screws, nails, etc.;
• Assembling the base of the rafter structure below, on the ground. Afterwards you will only need to lift it up and begin strengthening it;
• All elements of the rafter system must be firmly fixed in their places, constantly monitoring the strength and reliability of the fastenings;
• Construction work at height must always be accompanied by additional measures safety precautions (strong belt, cable, etc.).

By following these simple rules, it will be much easier to cope with the installation of rafters on a hipped roof.

Necessary calculations

The rafter system of a hipped roof is a very important operation, on which the reliability of the structure and its service life directly depend. Errors in drawings and calculations for at this stage should be completely excluded.

To perform a competent calculation of a roof on a 4-slope structure, you need to know the following parameters:

• The angle of inclination of the slopes of the future roof;
• End length;
• Width of eaves overhangs;
• Presence or absence support pillar under the ridge In the presence of support post a layered rafter system is designed under the ridge; if there is none, a hanging one is designed.
• Need for additional support posts.

Online calculators only calculate the length of the rafters, without taking into account the diameter of the beams or boards. Knowledge cross section These elements allow for more accurate material calculations. The choice of material is made based on the total loads on the rafter system during operation (weight of sheathing, roofing materials, etc.).

To calculate the consumption of roofing materials, the following calculations are performed: The area of ​​a 4-pitch roof, consisting of the sum of the areas of its triangle slopes; The area of ​​each triangle is determined based on the length of the wall and the height of the slope.

Important: the area of ​​each slope can be determined based on the known angle of inclination and the height of the ridge assembly.

When calculating the rafter system, it is worth taking into account additional points that complicate the calculation of consumables. This is the roof over small dormer windows, canopies over bay windows, etc. details of the external roof design. Any of these elements is calculated separately, after which all resulting areas are summed up with with total area roofs.

When independently calculating roofing materials, it is necessary to include a certain percentage of error, usually from 10 to 15%.

Self-installation of the structure

Before moving on to the description of the installation sequence of the rafters, it is necessary to briefly describe the main elements of this design:

• Mauerlat – lower base support for rafters;
• Sloping or diagonal rafters at one end rest against a pair of legs of the next rafters, at the other - against the mauerlat or a beam built into it;
• Shortened rafter legs are called narozhniks;
• A purlin is a beam that acts as an additional base. It is located parallel to the Mauerlat and serves as a support for the rafters;
• Struts, racks - are installed to obtain spans;
• The bench is a support for the racks. Attached to inside walls or floor columns;
• Sprengel is an element that additionally strengthens the frame of the structure;
• Crossbars are additional components of the truss structure that prevent the appearance of thrusts.

Expansion of the rafter system can occur due to improper construction or the legs leaning on one another.

Depending on the source material construction of a house, as support element The following structural parts may appear:

• Brick or stone houses - Mauerlat;
• Log houses made of logs or beams - upper crowns;
• Frame buildings - top frame.

Before installing the rafter system, the geometry of all walls is checked. A skewed slope angle will cause the future roof to skew. Bring all the rafters together ridge knot– a skill that comes to a master over the years. Accurate calculations and constant level monitoring are required.

First, diagonal rafters are installed at opposite corners. The slanted rafters rest on the Mauerlat using short trusses. At the ends of the trusses, notches are made to a depth of 0.5 of the height of the material section. After which the spigots are attached.

Installation of a rafter system is a responsible undertaking, which is quite difficult to carry out independently without experience.

A hip or hip roof is one of the most popular roofing options in the construction of individual housing around the world.

Unlike gable roof of the house, on the sides of which gables are mounted, the hipped one has additional slopes in the shape of a triangle.

A do-it-yourself hipped roof is very difficult to make, and if you are interested in how to make a hipped roof, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the theoretical part first.

Before starting work, you should carefully calculate everything, draw up drawings and a project in which you need to indicate the placement various elements and other design features.

The calculation of a hipped roof and the design must take into account all the loads that will affect the building.

The structure must be very durable, able to withstand strong winds, snowfall and other weather conditions. Its service life also depends on how correctly the roof material is selected.

That is why, when creating a project and drawings, it is very important to calculate everything correctly. Project hipped roof on the picture:

Before creating a project and drawing of a hipped roof of a house, you must first find out the angle of inclination of the slopes, which depends on many factors, such as the purpose of the attic, the choice of roof material, as well as the characteristics of atmospheric influences.

Most often the angle of inclination of the roof individual houses equals from 5 to 60 degrees.

If precipitation and winds are the same in your region great strength, then the angle of inclination of the structure may be insignificant.

If in your area there is often heavy rain and snowfall in winter, then the angle of inclination of the hipped roof of houses should be from 40-45 to 60 degrees.

The finishing material, as well as installation features, also depend on the option, what angle of inclination the structure will have:

• if the angle of inclination is less than 18 degrees, wavy and flat slate, and rolled materials for roofing;
• when the angle of inclination is up to 30 degrees, varieties of tiles are usually used;
• For a roof with a slope angle of at least 30 degrees, piece material is usually used.

Calculation of the roof slope in the photo.

The design and calculation of the structure must take into account where all elements of the roofing system will be located. When you have determined the slope of the hipped roof, you also need to calculate the height of the ridge.

Rafter system of hipped roof

Roofing device of this type for private houses involves calculating the required rafter section. The calculation is made based on the loads that your hipped roof will receive.

Calculations, as well as the design of the structure, must include wind load, the maximum possible mass of snow in winter, and the angle of inclination of the roof.

When calculating the distance between the rafters, you need to evaluate their ability to withstand loads, as well as their safety margin, which should be 1.4 or more.

The type of structure of the rafter system depends on the characteristics of the building, and therefore can be different.

If there is bearing wall or supports made of pillars, then layered rafters are usually used, but if the installation of a support is impossible, then hanging rafters are made.

In some buildings, both types of rafters are used simultaneously.

When making a drawing and project for a future building, it is important not only to decide on the type of rafter system, but also to take into account additional elements fasteners that will give the structure strength and reduce the load on the beams.

Calculation of roof loads

When developing a drawing and design for the roof of individual houses, it is important to correctly calculate the loads.

Loads are of the following types:

• constant - the weight of the insulating material, various materials finishing and insulation, weight of materials
• for the roof and the weight of the sheathing;
• temporary - the weight of snow in winter, Negative influence wind;
• additional – various designs, which are attached to the roof.

When creating a design and drawing for the roof of your house, you should adhere to the average snow load, which is 180 kg per square meter.

But if the angle of inclination is 60 degrees or more, then snow load are not taken into account.

As for wind loads, their average value is usually 35 kg per m2, but if the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, this amendment is not taken into account.

After all the calculations have been made, you can begin to select the material for the roofing.

The photo below shows a diagram of the structure of a hipped roof and the name of all structural elements.

Selection of materials for roofing

When the area of ​​a hipped roof is covered with roofing material, a lot of waste is left behind.

Therefore, in order to cover the area of ​​a hipped roof, roofing materials are usually chosen whose elements are small in size.

The most common materials for covering the roof area are flexible or ordinary tiles, slate sheets, ondulin, and metal tiles.

To build a roof that will last for several decades, you need to pay special attention to the selection of materials for the rafter system.

Typically, softwood lumber is used to construct a hipped roof.

Do not neglect the quality of the wood; choose a material without defects, which can further reduce the quality and durability of the structure.

An important criterion for choosing lumber is its humidity, which should be no more than 15 - 20%.

If this indicator is exceeded, the timber should be dried before use, so that during service the hipped roof does not become distorted or deformed.

The installation of rafters for the roof of a house is usually carried out using rectangular timber, the cross section of which should be calculated for each individual case.

To build such a structure, boards with a rectangular cross-section measuring 50 by 100, 50 by 200, 100 by 150 and others are usually used.

If the need arises, then during the work you can double the boards to obtain the desired diameter.

To build a hipped roof, special steel elements are often used that firmly hold the rafters in one position for many years.

In addition, supports for ridge girders are also often made of metal.

Construction of a hipped roof

All wooden parts for the roof frame they are processed special composition which will protect the tree from fire. In places where the timber will be adjacent to brick or stone, it must be wrapped in waterproofing.

The installation of a hipped roof begins by laying a mauerlat along the perimeter of the roof area of ​​the building.

It is secured using wire loops or pins, which are embedded in the wall or floor slabs. Next, install the central beam, which is located on central axis Houses.

It should rest on the floor slab or internal wall.

In order for the structure to be absolutely symmetrical, it is important to correctly calculate and mark the location of the diagonal rafters, as well as the ridge supports.

The height of the ridge must also be marked with maximum accuracy.

Clear symmetrical markings of the structure will distribute the load evenly and prevent future distortion of the roof.

After the Mauerlat has been installed along the perimeter of the roof area, beams are placed under the ridge girder. The height of the ridge must strictly comply with the design drawings.

Diagonal beams withstand high loads during service, so they must be installed very well.

If the length of the timber or board is not enough, the diagonal supports are made of two parts. To ensure that the joint does not experience extreme load, a support beam is installed under it.

The structure can be made most rigid if the joint with the support is located at a distance equal to a quarter of the length of the rafter beam from its upper edge, which is attached to the ridge.

It is best to install diagonal rafters using prefabricated rafter legs, which are easy to install. You can watch the process of installing diagonal rafters in the video.

The construction of this roof involves the installation of not only full-length rafters that are connected to the ridge, but also those that are attached to diagonal beams - rafts.

The closer to the corner of the house, the shorter the narozhniki.

The distance between the rafters is determined during the development of the roof project, but it should be taken into account that each slope must have at least three central rafter beams.

To give the structure maximum rigidity in necessary places fasten supports, braces and tightening. The rafter fastening diagram can be seen in the photo.

The final stage of the roof installation is the installation of rafter sheathing. Typically, timber measuring 50 by 50 mm is used for sheathing. The lathing pitch depends on what roofing material you have chosen.

If area attic space will be used as a living room, ventilation should also be installed.

Today, all manufacturers of roofing materials also offer ridge parts of the same textures and colors.

The main ridge and ridges that cover the gaps between the main slopes and the hips are installed on the hipped roof.

The installation of the hipped roof is completed by installing eaves and gutters. The whole process is shown in the video.

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At the final stage of building construction, it is necessary to equip the roof. Exists a large number of its structural solutions, but among the variety, owners of private cottages often prefer the construction of a hipped roof. This type of roofing is characterized by its complexity installation work, but the result exceeds all expectations, since the design has excellent appearance, thanks to many variations, as you can see by looking at the photo. In addition, the hipped roof has a long service life.

Variety of hip roofs

When deciding how to make a hip roof of a house, you need to consider possible options. Its main varieties are: tent, hip, half-hip.

Hip roof . Its design consists of four triangles, the vertices of which converge at a single point. The base of such a roof can be a square or a rectangle, and the slopes, respectively, can be equal in size or paired (more details: " ").

Hip roof . Building a hip roof of this type with your own hands seems difficult, but if you have the skills to create ordinary roof this task is quite feasible. When the base of the house has the shape of a rectangle, a hip structure is usually used. Two triangular planes are arranged at its ends, and two facade slopes are made in the form of a trapezoid. These two triangular shaped surfaces are called hips.

Calculations for the design of a hipped roof

Installation of a roof of this form cannot be implemented if there is no project for its construction.

The procedure for calculating a hip roof correctly is known only to employees of specialized design organizations. IN technical documentation, prepared by specialists, there are drawings of the truss structure, its main connection points, a diagram of the roofing “pie” and other elements for arranging the roof.

When calculating strength indicators, it is taken into account that the rafter system is subject to constant (including the weight of the roof itself) and temporary loads. The latter factors include precipitation, strong winds, the weight of people inspecting or repairing the roof. The weight of the roof is determined by multiplying specific gravity each material used per surface area of ​​the slopes. To do this you need to know.

The rafters that are the most important detail rafter system is made from rectangular timber with a cross-section from 50 to 150 millimeters. Thanks to this element, the necessary rigidity is ensured, so the lumber for it must be made from quality wood, without defects.

The technology for how to build a hipped roof involves the sequence of installation of the truss structure. First, you need to install the mauerlat (the lower frame of the house roof), which is a support made of timber and logs. To check the correct installation of rafter system elements, use building level(read also: " "). During installation, the Mauerlat is positioned so that the lower frame extends beyond the outer walls of the building by at least 40 centimeters along the perimeter of the building. To prevent the walls from getting wet, two layers of roofing material are laid between them and the Mauerlat. IN wooden log houses lower frame truss structures the upper crown protrudes.

When the Mauerlat is laid, they begin to install frame rafter legs, which are called diagonal or slanted. To give additional strength, they are secured with racks or struts, and thus the structure has greater rigidity and the load is distributed evenly. If there is a need for this, side girders are built to support the rafters. They are also installed on three supports of the central beam - on both sides and in the center. Then the main frame is assembled, for this purpose the inclined rafters are secured to the support beams and at the same time to the ridge girder. The installation step does not exceed 50 centimeters, otherwise the structure will be fragile and will not be able to withstand external loads.

Rafter system of a hipped roof, detailed video instructions:

To avoid excessive vibration in windy weather and in order to increase the strength characteristics of the roofing system, you can fasten the external rafters together at a distance of one meter from the ridge girder, for which boards with a cross-section of at least 40x120 millimeters are suitable.

Before making a hipped roof, you need to make sure that the material for the inclined rafters does not have a shorter length than the calculated value. True, absolutely precise selection regarding size is not required, since the rafter legs will be trimmed. When building a hipped roof, experts recommend using a lot of fasteners such as nails to ensure maximum reliability of the structure.

When the frame assembly is completed, they begin laying the roofing pie: vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing and covering material. The choice of the latter depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes, and it must be selected first. Roll coating – perfect option For flat designs(5-18 degrees), and at 30-60 degrees use asbestos cement slate, corrugated sheet or metal tiles.

The amount of roofing material that needs to be purchased is determined based on the area of ​​the roof. Before calculating the area of ​​a hipped roof, the area of ​​each slope is calculated and the result obtained is summed up.

When creating a hipped roof, a decent result can only be obtained if you have a project and drawings.