How to cover the ground in flower pots. Loosen the ground in a flower pot Why loosen the ground in a pot
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How to understand that we have a plant suffering from waterlogging? Leaf drop is one of the symptoms. In a number of plants, such as citrus fruits, they fall off in the literal sense - they darken and fall off. In others, for example, in aroids (aglaonema, dieffenbachia) or arrowroot, they darken, but still stay on the stems for a long time. In plants that form rosettes of leaves or pseudo rosettes (yucca, dracaena), the leaves do not darken immediately, but first become discolored, becoming pale yellow. But in other cases, the characteristic difference between leaves that die from waterlogging is the darkening of the leaf. The leaf does not just turn yellow, it just darkens, the color becomes from a healthy juicy green dirty swamp shade, gradually turning into brown. If waterlogging was preceded by overdrying, then the leaf first turns yellow, then the petiole of the leaf and the leaf itself darken.
Decayed roots exfoliate, the top layer of the root becomes dirty gray, peels off if you run your fingers, a thin hard core remains. These roots all died from waterlogging.
And these are healthy living roots - green, yellowish or whitish, in some plants a juicy brown color.
Sudden or gradual falling of leaves, blackening of shoots, damp, sour earth ...
The trunk still seems alive, green, but the roots have rotted, the plant can no longer be saved.
When the plant does not have enough water, the leaves always turn yellow, while the leaf tissues may lose elasticity, droop, or remain dry. After watering, the turgor is restored, the leaves become elastic again. If there is insufficient nutrition, then interveinal chlorosis may appear, the leaves do not droop, continue to grow, but become smaller. When waterlogged, the leaves may lose their elasticity, wilt, but after watering, the elasticity is not restored, and the darkening of the leaves, on the contrary, increases. Sometimes the leaves can fall off even without darkening - still green. But leaf fall can also occur from watering with cold water. Ideally, the temperature of the water for irrigation should be 2-3°C higher than the temperature in the room, but not lower than 22°C. Cold water is not absorbed by the roots, causes the suction roots to die from hypothermia, and, as a result, the leaves fall off.
As for the hardness of the water, it cannot be the cause of the sudden fall of the leaves and the death of the plant. If you water the plants with hard water, even the most capricious, sensitive to excess salts, the plants will not begin to massively lose leaves. All the damage manifests itself gradually: at first, chlorosis spots appear, the tips or edges of the leaves turn brown, one or two leaves turn yellow, new leaves grow small and the plant looks oppressed, but the leaves do not fall off.
In case of massive leaf fall, when the leaves fall off not one after another, but dozens at once, the reasons may be the following: sudden hypothermia (for example, when transporting home), watering with concentrated fertilizer (burning the roots), severe drying, and only hygrophytes and mesohygrophytes fly around in large numbers (and there are few of them), and waterlogging. Naturally, the first two reasons can be easily calculated, and it is also possible to distinguish overdrying from waterlogging, but for this the plant must be removed from the pot. Feeling the soil with your finger at a depth is not always possible (for example, the roots have grown strongly), and only by taking the plant out of the pot can you determine whether the earth is wet inside the root ball.
Some flower growers pull to the last, not wanting to take out the plant and inspect the roots. They are either selflessly sure that there was no waterlogging, or they are afraid that an unscheduled transplant will damage the plant. But if there is even the slightest suspicion of waterlogging, there is no need to doubt - take out and inspect the roots. Sometimes the root system of plants grows in this way: at the top the roots are not thick, the soil dries easily between them, and in the lower part of the pot the roots twist a dense ring, the interlacing of the roots makes it difficult to dry and in the lower part of the pot the soil dries for a very long time. This is especially aggravated by the fact that the holes at the bottom of the pot are small, clogged with pebbles or grains of earth.
On mandarin, the result of waterlogging and acidification of the earth. Chlorosis is a lack of various trace elements.
Such a deplorable state is the result of hypothermia of the root system: watering with cold water or the plant is left with damp earth on a cold balcony, on the street.
There is also a deplorable symptom, characteristic of the strongest prolonged waterlogging - darkening, blackening and withering of the tops of the shoots. If a similar picture occurred, then the matter is already very much running, it is often simply impossible to save the plant. If the tops of all shoots are rotten (yellowed or darkened), there is nothing to save. A similar picture is possible only with strong hypothermia of the roots, and never occurs when overdrying. When overdrying, wilting begins with old leaves, from the lower shoots, the trunk is exposed from below. When waterlogged, the leaves wither in any part of the crown, but more often from above, from the tops of the shoots.
And of course, any softening of the stems or leaves of plants with fleshy parts of the body, and these are yuccas, dracaenas, dieffenbachia, any succulents (fatties, adeniums, etc.), cacti - a sure sign of excess moisture.
Another symptom that is not entirely true and does not always indicate a specific plant, but still makes you think - the presence of fungal mosquitoes. If a swarm of midges flies up from the pot, it means that you watered the flowers too abundantly, perhaps it was once or twice, or perhaps it became a habit of watering excessively. Unlike mosquitoes, podura (colembolas) are white or dirty gray insects, about 1-2 mm, jumping on the surface of the earth in a pot - a sure sign that the flower is poured more than once.
Measures to save flooded plants
When you nevertheless established that the plant was flooded, you need to urgently take action. If you established the fact of waterlogging after you took the plant out of the pot, then you have to transplant. If the fact of waterlogging was determined by indirect signs (leaf fall, damp earth to the touch), then the need for a transplant depends on the severity of the situation.
- If the plant has lost one or two leaves, or one branch has faded in a mighty crown, and the soil in the pot is light enough, then you can not replant the plant, but only loosen the soil. After watering, especially plentiful, the soil spreads, and after drying, a dense crust forms on its surface. If this crust is not destroyed, then the roots suffer from a lack of air. If seed plantings are watered, then seedlings may not come to the surface of the earth and die from hypoxia.
- If there are small drainage holes in the pot, you can expand them or increase their number without removing the plant from the pot, using a knife heated on the stove.
- Personally, I never try to just loosen the earth, it is not very reliable and justified in cases where the flooded plant is in a very large pot, transplanting is difficult, or when the plant is transferred from a cold room to a warm one, and the very increase in temperature will accelerate the drying of the earth.
- In all other cases, it is better to transplant the plant.
Signs of a bay in orchids - phalaenopsis leaves turn yellow, they are sluggish, wrinkled. The bark dries for a very long time, from constant contact with a damp surface, the roots rot.
Rotten roots must be cut off. In some cases, the new pot will have to pick up a smaller size than it was.
So, you take the plant out of the pot, and you need to determine the condition of the earth and the roots. Is the earth still damp and how much? Count when you last watered, how much it dried. Sometimes a person is convinced that the earth has been dry for a long time, say, a week has passed after watering, and upon examination it turns out that the earth inside the pot is still very damp. Then try to remember what the weather was like, how it happened that the soil did not have time to dry out! It is important to at least try to analyze in order to prevent this, or to calculate which plants could still be flooded. For some people, bays happen systematically over and over again. This suggests that it is necessary to radically revise the care system: perhaps change the soil in pots to a more structured, loose one, increase drainage holes, add more drainage to the bottom of the pot; water with less water; rearrange the plants in a warmer room or water less often when the ground dries out more. Sometimes you need to literally slap yourself on the hands so that you don’t rise with a watering can over the plant ahead of time ...
Examine the roots. The rotten ones are immediately visible - they delaminate, if you grab the spine with two fingers and pull, the skin slides off it - it is brown or dark gray, under it there is a bundle of vessels similar to a wire, a hard rod. If such a stratification has occurred, the root is rotten. Healthy roots do not delaminate, if you run your fingers over the surface, the top layer will not be removed. In some cases, the roots do not exfoliate, the fleshy juicy roots rot completely, and this is also immediately visible - they are dark, dirty gray or brown, sometimes softened. It is often possible to determine healthy roots and rotten ones by the contrast of their appearance, some are light, white, light brown, others are dark, not only on the outside, but also on a break or breakage.
There are times when rotten roots break off easily and, when the plant is taken out of the pot, fall off along with the ground. If you did not find definitely rotten roots, but the earth and root ball are damp, you need to dry them. To do this, we wet the measles lump in any hygroscopic material: in a pile of old newspapers, in a roll of toilet paper. You can even put a plant with an open root system (without a pot) to dry for several hours.
Having found rotten roots, you need to cut them off, no matter how many there are. This is a source of infection, there is nothing to regret here. We cut everything down to healthy tissue. If the roots are fleshy, juicy, watery, then it is advisable to sprinkle the cut points with charcoal (wood, birch) or sulfur powder (sold in pet stores). If neither is available, interpret an activated charcoal tablet. If there are very few roots left, much less than it was, you need to transplant the plant into a smaller pot.
I have already said that in itself a too spacious pot, not filled with roots, does not contribute to the rapid growth of plants, and in some cases even harms. In a spacious pot, the plant is easier to fill with light. And even if watered carefully, the plant tends to build up the root system, master a large surface of the earth, and only then enhances the growth of the ground part.
Substrate for aroid, bromeliad and other plants. Instead of a pot, a basket, substrate: earth, coconut fiber, coconut substrate, wine cork, pine bark and moss (its very smallness). The rotting anthurium, transplanted into this mixture, bloomed in a month, and releases the third bud.
If you tend to water the plants, then use clay pots to plant the plants. But there is one important point: the inside of the pot should not be glazed. If the walls of a clay pot are glazed on the inside, it is no better than a plastic one.
So, you need to pick up a pot under the root ball remaining after removing the rot. In this case, the rule will be effective: a smaller pot is better than a larger one. It's okay if the pot is small, healthy roots will grow, notify you with their appearance from the drainage holes, and you just transfer the plant to a larger pot and that's it. During the growing season, plants can be transplanted at any time and more than once. Most plants, if they get sick after transplantation, stop growing, then this is most often due to improper care after transplantation, and not from root injuries.
After transplantation, plants should not be placed in the sun, even the most light-loving ones, they should be under shade for a week. You can not water the plants on the same day, especially those resuscitated from overflow - these are generally watered for the first time after 2-3 days. You can not fertilize transplanted plants for 1-1.5 months. And when transplanting patients (including flooded ones), dry fertilizers (neither manure, nor litter, nor granular fertilizers) can be added. Do not seal the transplanted plant in a plastic bag. This very package sometimes becomes a real evil. The fact is that transplanted plants, deprived of watering, must be placed in conditions of high humidity in the first days. And many tend to put the plant in a bag and tie it tight. In this case, the importance, of course, increases. But the supply of oxygen is reduced. As we remember, the plant breathes with both roots and leaves, if the plant was flooded, it especially needs fresh air, and if pathogenic microorganisms developed on it - various spots of fungal or bacterial origin, then it just needs fresh air!
Here you can do this: place the plant in a transparent bag, straighten its edges, but do not tie it. If the weather is very hot, then you can spray 1-2 times a day, if the plants do not tolerate water on the leaves, then simply place the pot on a wide pan with water on an inverted saucer.
If the plant has rotten tops, the ends of the shoots, they must be cut to healthy tissue. If possible, at the same time cut the plant - cut off healthy branches for rooting in order to be able to save at least something if the bay has already led to irreversible consequences. Sometimes it happens that the roots rot completely, but some of the shoots are still vigorous until they fade (this is temporary) and cuttings can still be cut from them. In some cases, when the roots rot, toxins (the aforementioned swamp gases, products of bacteria and fungi) enter the vascular system of plants and cut cuttings, even healthy-looking ones do not take root, they are already doomed ...
After transplantation, the flooded plant can be sprayed with growth stimulants (epin or amulet), only at night (most stimulants decompose in the light). If there are dark spots on the leaves, rotten tops of the shoots, then it is advisable to spray the plant with a fungicide, or add the fungicide to the water for irrigation. From fungicides suitable: Fundazol, Maxim, Hom, Oksikhom (and other copper-containing preparations). 3-4 days after transplanting into fresh, dry soil, the plant can be watered with a solution of zircon.
If a plant with a wide rosette of leaves turned out to be flooded, in the form of a funnel, like in bromeliads, then it is necessary to dry the bases of the leaves. To do this, you first need to turn the plant upside down with leaves. When the water drains, pour 2-3 tablets of crushed activated carbon into the outlet. After 3-5 minutes, gently remove it with a soft fluffy brush. Many bromeliads rot when watered through a rosette of leaves in winter. Read carefully the recommendations for growing a particular plant, and especially care in the winter.
Another important point: after flooding, the soil in the pot turns sour: the roots of the plants continue to emit carbon dioxide, the renewal of humus slows down, and humic acids accumulate, which increases the acidity of the soil, many nutrients turn into a form that is indigestible by plants. For example, iron goes into its oxidized form (F3+), which causes a rusty-brown crust to form on the surface of the earth. Oxidized iron is not absorbed, as a result, the plant shows all the signs of its deficiency - severe chlorosis. This is especially noticeable on fruit plants: there are signs of deficiency of calcium, iron, nitrogen. At this stage, some flower growers do not pay attention to the condition of the soil, and are in a hurry to treat the effect, not the cause. As a result, the plant continues to suffer, turn yellow. At times it gets better (for example, after spraying with Ferovit), and after fertilizing the soil, it gets even worse.
In such a situation, the only way out is a complete replacement of the land. And if you are in a hurry to fertilize, then it is advisable to rinse the roots during transplantation under a stream of warm water. Then dry, remove the rotten ones, sprinkle with charcoal and plant in fresh, dry soil.
If a white or red salt crust forms on the surface of the earth, this is a signal: the earth dries for a long time! Such a salt crust must be removed, the top layer of the earth must be replaced with a fresh one.
How to properly care for indoor plants
Target: familiarity with the rules for caring for indoor plantsTasks:
To instill an interest in floriculture.
Introduce children to the rules for caring for indoor plants.
Description: This material can be used by elementary school teachers, teachers of preschool or additional education in lessons and classes.
The life of indoor plants is completely dependent on care. Heat, light, water, nutrition, fresh air… This is not a complete list of their needs. Here are some tips that will help you organize the care of indoor plants.
How to water indoor plants.
Determine the need for watering by clicking on the pot. A pot with dry soil makes a ringing sound, with wet soil it makes a dull sound. Check the ground to the touch - it should be slightly damp, not sticking to your fingers.
Water with soft water (the most useful for irrigation is rain and melted snow water) at room temperature or 2-3 degrees higher.
If using tap water, let it sit overnight.
Water every 1-2 days in spring and summer. Watering is done in the evening, in extreme heat and in the morning, and in autumn and winter - only in the morning. Water the plant more abundantly in summer than in winter.
When watering, give the plant enough water to soak the entire earthen ball. It is harmful to water the plants often and little by little: the water does not wet the entire earthen coma, and the roots in the depths of the pot remain dry.
Pour water into the pot in several steps until it pours into the pan. If after that it is not absorbed within an hour, then it must be drained.
In a dark and dry room, water more often than in a cool and damp one.
Make sure that when watering, the spout of the watering can touches the edge of the pot, do not pour water with a strong stream.
Water plants in a small pot more often than in a large one.
Water flowering plants more often than non-flowering ones.
Plants that have suffered from extreme dryness or excessive watering should be watered little by little to restore the root system.
Plants with drooping leaves (gloxinia, saintpaulia, primrose) water very carefully so that drops of water do not fall on the leaves, and do not spray them.
Drought-resistant plants (aloe, agaves, cacti) water less often than balsam, begonia, arum, monstera.
Immerse a pot with cyperus, calla, azalea for better growth in water.
Water cyclamen only in the pan.
Don't flood the plants. Roots need not only water, but also air. Constantly waterlogged soil for most plants is detrimental.
How to provide indoor plants with light.
Light-loving plants keep on the window or near it.
Place shade-tolerant plants some distance from windows.
In winter, move the plants as close to the window as possible so that the leaves get more light.
Don't move plants from a shady spot directly to a sunny window sill or outdoors, accustom it to brighter light gradually.
Shade the plants from the midday summer sun, from which young leaves will suffer first of all.
Beautifully flowering plants are especially demanding on light; direct sunlight is needed for blooming flowers.
How to provide indoor plants with fresh air.
Ventilate without drafts. Tropical plants are especially afraid of them. Do not place them between an open window and a door.
So that air and moisture would be like the roots, the earth in the flower pot was loosened with a wooden stick with a blunt end so as not to damage the roots. The frequency of loosening depends on the quality of the soil: clay loosened more often than sandy.
The soil was loosened only when wet. If it is dry, the roots can be damaged. Do not loosen the earth immediately after watering - it will stick to the stick.
How to maintain the required humidity.
In winter, many plants suffer from dry indoor air. The exception is cacti.
To increase air humidity between plants, place containers of water, use double pots or a pebble tray. An effective way to humidify the air is spraying from a spray bottle.
Spray the plants with warm water in the morning from all sides so that their leaves are covered with a layer of small droplets and dry by night. During spraying, direct sunlight should not fall on the plant.
Spraying not only increases the humidity of the air near the plants, but also cleans the leaves from dust and red spider mite infestation.
When using a pebble tray, do not place the plants too close to each other to avoid gray rot.
How to create the necessary temperature conditions for indoor plants.
The temperature for indoor plants should be even, without drops. Falls for them are a great danger, especially in winter. The only exceptions are cacti and other succulents, which have adapted in nature to high daytime temperatures and cold nights.
Ventilate the room regularly, trying to avoid drafts. In winter, when airing, move the plants away from the window.
Insulate the windows, put a board 1-2 cm thick under the pots with plants.
Measure the temperature in different areas of the window (top, middle, bottom) and on the windowsill. Write down the evidence.
Place the plants according to their heat requirement. Those who need moderately warm air, hang in the middle of the window. Place others on the windowsill on the side or in the middle, closer or further from the glass.
Watch the development of plants. They themselves will tell you which place suits them best.
How to provide indoor plants with the necessary mineral nutrition.
Fertilizers have a beneficial effect only when all other conditions of life are favorable for plants.
From May to September, fertilize with mineral fertilizers once every two weeks.
Do not apply mineral fertilizers if the plants are sick, dormant, or just transplanted. Start fertilizing 2-3 weeks after transplanting, when the plant is well established in the new pot.
Fertilize blooming plants after the buds appear and continue to fertilize, strictly following the instructions, until the end of flowering. Actively growing, fast-growing plants, as well as abundantly flowering plants, feed more often than slow-growing ones.
The purpose of the lesson:
Continue to acquaint with the rules for caring for indoor plants, show their role in human life.
Continue to form in children an interest in the plant world;
Bring children to the understanding that indoor plants are living organisms that require some care;
To consolidate knowledge about the basic needs of indoor plants;
Teach children how to build a statement;
Develop algorithmic skills
Cultivate a love for plants, a desire to care for and take care of them.
Answer the problematic question "Why do I need to care for indoor plants?"
Learn how to take care of indoor plants.
Download:
Preview:
Lesson topic: "The loosening of the earth".
The purpose of the lesson:
- continue to acquaint with the rules for caring for indoor plants, show their role in human life.
Tasks:
Continue to form in children an interest in the plant world;
Bring children to the understanding that indoor plants are living organisms that require some care;
To consolidate knowledge about the basic needs of indoor plants;
Teach children how to build a statement;
Develop algorithmic skills
Cultivate a love for plants, a desire to care for and take care of them.
Planned results of student achievement:
Answer the problematic question "Why do I need to care for indoor plants?"
Learn how to take care of indoor plants.
Used pedagogical technologies:
technology for the development of critical thinking, technology for problem-based learning, information technology for learning.
Equipment:
indoor plants, illustrations of indoor plants, pegs for loosening the soil, watering can, presentation.
Organizing time.
Hello guys and dear guests!
The bell rang and fell silent,
The lesson starts.
Everyone was looking at me
They smiled and sat down.
I. Definition of the topic of the lesson, challenge:
- (Slide number 1) Guys, look at the slide, what season is shown on it? (winter).
Now look out the window, what do you see there? (empty, everything is frozen, covered with snow…)
Despite the fact that along with winter, blizzards and blizzards come to us. Leaves were shed and trees, bushes and grasses froze. Frozen, but not dead. Under the dead cover of snow, they conceal the mighty power of life. But there is another group of plants that makes up for this deficiency - plants that bloom and delight us with their beauty not only in summer, but also in winter.
These plants are grown indoors. Look at the plants in the study.(Slide #2)
What is the name of this group of plants? (Houseplants).
- What do you guys think, what do indoor plants have to do with our lesson?
You are absolutely right. For several lessons now, we have been studying the rules for caring for indoor plants, and today's lesson is no exception. But first, we will recall the material of the topics covered.
Knowledge update
Before you are leaflets on them there are questions and answers to these questions, but not all answers are correct. You must circle the letters with the correct answers, these letters can be several or one. Now you sign your last name, first name and begin to complete tasks on your own.
Written test-survey:
- What plants are called indoor?
a) ... which are grown in the garden;
b) ... which grow in the forest;
c) ... which are grown in the room.
- Choose what any houseplant needs for life:
a) air;
b) water;
c) soil;
d) light;
e) ploughing.
- What kind of water should be watered indoor plants?
a) from the tap;
b ) water at room temperature;
c) hot;
d) boiled.
- What is used to remove dust from plants with small leaves?
a ) with a damp cloth;
b ) with a damp sponge;
c) with a brush;
G ) sprayer (sprayer).
- What care do houseplants need?
a) dust removal;
b) spraying;
d) drying;
c) watering.
We will check: I will show the correct answers, and you, if necessary, correct the wrong answers.(Slide number 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
Set the leaves aside.
- (Slide number 8) So, we remembered the rules and methods for caring for indoor plants, tell me, butWhy care for indoor plants?
Well, we will return to this question at the end of the lesson and check if you answered it correctly.
Look at the board, in front of you is a table, the first column of which is called what?
- "I know".
So what do you already know about houseplant care? (fill in 1 column of the table)
But we still don’t know everything about caring for indoor plants, there is another way, do you want to know which one?
It's a way of loosening the earth (fill in the 2nd column of the table).
The third column "Learned" we will fill in at the end of the lesson.
II Understanding:
The theme of our lesson: "Loosening the earth."
What do you think loosening the earth is?
Guys, I received an e-mail from an experienced grower about “What is “loosening” for a plant?”, Listen to it carefully:
(Slide number 9) Loosening is one of the important elements of flower care. This is the so-called "drywatering "And they say the truth:" It is better to loosen well 1 time than to water badly 2 times. When loosening, small capillaries of the soil are destroyed, through which water rises and thereby dries out the underlying layers of the earth. When loosening, air penetrates the soil and the roots of the plant breathe.
Why loosening is necessary for indoor plants?(Air penetrates the soil, makes the roots breathe).
(Slide number 10) Loosening rules:
- it is necessary to loosen the top layer of the earth the next day after watering;
- loosen the earth to a depth of no more than 1.5 cm;
- loosen carefully, mainly near the walls of the pot, so as not to damage the roots.
How to carry out loosening?
I have prepared for you a memo "Rules of Loosening", it will help us to carry out practical work.
Physical education minute
Game "Be careful"
I propose to leave the desks. You should raise your hands and clap your hands above your head as soon as you hear a word that is somehow related to flowers, and if it is not related to flowers, you stomp your feet:
Road, stem, window, leaf, flower pot, wind, bouquet.
Well done! Claps were not simple, but magic keys, thanks to which the doors to our practical platform opened wide.
Practical work
The plants in front of you are waiting for our care. To do the work of loosening the soil, we need a peg, it is in front of you. But you must observe the following rules when working with a peg for loosening. Everyone put the pieces of paper with the rules in front of them and we begin to read at the same time aloud, in an undertone, so as not to interfere with each other.
Safety rules when working with a peg for loosening:
1. Dangers at work:
- hand injury;
- eye injury.
2. Things to do while working:
- work with the peg carefully;
- pass the peg only with the blunt part forward;
- you can not lift the peg high.
3. What needs to be done at the end of work:
- wash the instrument.
4. What to do if you get injured:
- if injured, seek immediate medical attention.
Roll up your sleeves, put on aprons and remember that during work you can’t push, talk loudly, stand so that everyone is comfortable and everything is clearly visible, respect each other. (The teacher does the same).
Feel the soil in the flower hills. What does she feel like?
The ground is hard.
See how to loosen the soil in flower pots:
- I take the pot with the plant with both hands and put it in so that it is convenient for me to loosen the soil.
- I take a peg for loosening and begin to loosen carefully near the walls of the pot to a depth of 1.5 cm. It is marked on your pegs.
Kirill, show and tell again how to properly loosen the soil in a pot.
Now you yourself will loosen the soil.
How will Timothy start this work?
I take a pot with a plant and put it closer to me.
I take a peg and begin to loosen the soil near the walls of the pot.
Artyom, how should loosening be done?
Loosen carefully so as not to damage the roots.
Students independently loosen the soil in pots with indoor plants, the teacher walks along the rows and helps the children in their work.
Ksyusha, what was the soil in the pot after loosening?
The soil has become soft (loose).
Guys, put the plants with loosened soil in their original place. Rinse your hands and pegs, dry your hands and pegs with a napkin and fold everything neatly. We sit down correctly. We return to our table.
Let's answer the question "What did I learn?" (fill in column 3)
so d Why take care of indoor plants?
Green pets will thank you with clean air, foliage, beautiful flowers, and some even fruits.
(Slide number 11)
III. Reflection
"Mood Bouquet"
Guys, at the beginning of the event, I gave you flowers red, yellow and blue. Let's put these flowers in front of you, and if you are satisfied with your work in the lesson, then you take a red flower, yellow - I worked well, but I can do even better, blue - the work did not work out, I am not satisfied with myself. The blackboard shows a houseplant, but it hasn't bloomed yet. Now you attach your flowers to this plant, and it will delight us with its flowering.
In conclusion, listen to N. Grigorieva's poem "Indoor Flowers"
I love flowers in the room
Just like you love them too.
I caress them, water them,
I sing a song to them at night,
They respond with love
They greet you with a gentle smile.
Additional task:
- Do you believe that indoor plants purify, refresh and humidify the air (yes).
- Do you believe that houseplants are watered with cold water (no).
- Do you believe that houseplants are watered with settled water (yes).
- Do you believe that large and smooth leaves of indoor plants are wiped with a piece of soft, damp cloth (yes).
- Do you believe that pubescent leaves are cleaned of dust from a spray bottle (no).
- Why do indoor plants, despite changes in inanimate nature, still remain green and even bloom with the onset of winter?
Transplanting sooner or later is necessary for all indoor plants. But in the case of giants, indoor large-sized, it is not carried out as long as possible, since this is not an easy task. And rarely, what adult plants need an annual transplant, not having time to master all the soil in pots. In years when transplantation is not carried out, it is almost always recommended to perform a mandatory procedure - a partial replacement of the soil. The topsoil is replaced both for hygiene purposes and to maintain the normal state of the substrate.
Partial soil replacement for indoor plants. © Jennifer
Partial soil replacement is a simple procedure that does not require any special skills or knowledge to replace the top layer of the substrate in pots with indoor plants.
Partial soil replacement is needed in several cases:
- when the plant is transplanted not annually, but with a frequency of 1 time in 2-3 years or less, instead of transplanting, the contaminated topsoil is replaced at the optimal time;
- for large-sized plants that are grown in concrete or stone flower beds, as well as containers that are too heavy to transport or move, replacing the transplant itself with this procedure;
- if the soil becomes sour, contaminated, covered with mold, compacted too often and the top layer needs to be replaced to ensure normal air and water permeability;
- if the plant is infested with pests or diseases, the lesions are severe, it has lost leaves, after treatment with fungicides or insecticides, replacing the top level of the substrate reduces the risk of a recurrence of the problem, allows you to remove contamination and sources of diseases from the substrate;
- if the plant's roots come out on top of the pot, but the plant has not yet filled the substrate and there is no need for transplantation (or it is not possible to carry it out), the contaminated soil is partially removed and a higher layer of earth covering the roots is added.
The replacement of the top layer of the substrate is traditionally recommended to be carried out at the same time as the transplantation of plants, but early spring or the end of winter are by no means the only time for such a procedure. In fact, partial soil replacement can be carried out any time it is needed. If it replaces a transplant, then it’s true - from the end of February until May. But if replacement is needed to urgently improve the condition of the substrate, is associated with hygienic, preventive purposes, then it can be carried out at any time, except for winter, and preferably at the stage of active plant growth.
The classic approach to replacing the soil instead of transplanting has led to another misconception, according to which partial replacement is carried out only once a year, like the transplant itself, for young or actively growing crops. For most small plants, this is really the best option. But if we are talking about indoor giants, which are difficult or impossible to transplant at all, then the soil must be replaced at least 2 times a year. After all, the soil for these plants is not completely changed, and in order for the procedure to have even a minimal effect, it will be necessary to change the top layer of soil in a pot once every six months. In this case, the replacement is carried out in spring and autumn. When replacing the top layer for hygienic or preventive purposes, it is carried out as many times as necessary, but not more than 1 time in 3 months.
The soil in a pot with a houseplant needs to be replaced. © Nikki Tilley
How much soil can be removed and replaced is always determined individually. The maximum amount of removed substrate that can be removed from the pots is a quarter of the entire soil. But it is always better to focus on a specific plant. The golden rule for replacing topsoil in potted potted plants is to remove only contaminated soil before the plant roots begin to set. Since contact with the rhizome must be avoided (even the slightest), sometimes we are talking about a very thin layer of soil.
The procedure can only be carried out on a dry substrate. For plants that prefer stable moisture, allow the top 3-4 cm of soil to dry out. But in any case, it is undesirable to take out a wet substrate and several days should pass after watering.
There is nothing difficult in the process of replacing the top layer of the substrate. But you should be very careful and attentive, act carefully to eliminate the risk of touching the roots.
The procedure for changing the top layer of potting soil consists of several steps:
- The container with the plant is transferred to a flat, smooth surface covered with an insulating film on top, or a tub, container, flower girl is surrounded by film and paper so as to avoid contamination of the floor surface.
- Dry leaves are removed from the culture, the crown is examined, if necessary, sanitary cleaning is carried out, cutting off dry and damaged shoots.
- Leaves are cleaned from dust and dirt with a soft sponge or textile napkin (if possible).
- If the soil is compacted, a crust has formed on it, water permeability is impaired, with a fork or any convenient tool for working with indoor plants, the soil is slightly loosened without touching the roots.
- The soil is carefully raked first along the edge of the pot or container, carefully removing a few centimeters of soil around the circumference or perimeter of the container.
- Having removed the substrate from the edge, they carefully move towards the shoots of the plant, deep into the pot. First, all visible contaminated areas are removed, and then all available soil, which can be removed without touching the roots.
- After removing all the soil, a fresh substrate is poured on top, suitable for this plant. The soil level in pots and containers is left unchanged, except when the roots of the plant were bare from above: for such a procedure, the roots are covered with a substrate so that at least 5 mm of soil layer is formed on top (optimally - 1-1.5 cm).
- After carefully cleaning the container, removing dirt, the plants are rearranged on pallets and watered. If the soil sags heavily, it is slightly topped up.
Adding new soil to the pot after its partial replacement. © Alexis Plants for which a topsoil change has been carried out are resumed normal care immediately. Unlike transplanting, there is no need to adapt or reduce watering, limiting top dressing (of course, if such measures are not due to the health of the green pet). For plants that compensate for the lack of transplanting in this way, stopping top dressing can lead to nutrient deficiencies. Mandatory, regular top dressing can compensate for the lack of fertility of the rest of the substrate. If the transplant has not been carried out for a very long time, then it is advisable to increase the concentration of fertilizers or add long-acting fertilizers to the freshly created layer.
Olga Duda
Synopsis of the GCD "Care for indoor plants and their first feeding"
Integration of educational regions: work, safety, communication, socialization, reading fiction, health, physical culture
Software content.
To form in children an idea of \u200b\u200bmethods plant care and their sequence.
Clarify preschoolers' knowledge of names indoor plants in accordance with the requirements of the program.
To work out the method of loosening that is not sufficiently mastered by children.
Introduce children to a new species plant care - fertilizer(top dressing) soil, inform some rules for fertilizing (water solution fertilizer once a week after watering, the amount solution depends on the size of the plant).
Continue to educate preschoolers cognitive interest in plants desire to observe and care for them.
Enter into children's dictionary the words: fertilizer, top dressing.
Preparation for directly educational activities
The teacher, together with the attendants, places on the tables plants(for each child; for large plants will look after two or three children, prepares equipment for care(aprons, oilcloths, sticks for loosening, rags, bowls of water, spray guns, scissors, watering cans). A basin and a large watering can are placed near the tables. On the teacher's desk is a bottle of solution fertilizers and cups with solution, full and filled to half (covered with a napkin).
The course of directly educational activities
I. Organizational moment.
The teacher invites the children to the tables, which are placed indoor plants and everything to care for them.
Guys, guess riddle:
And drink and breathe
But he doesn't walk.
The kids guess it's plant.
II. Conversation about indoor plants.
How did you guess that this plant? What parts does plants?
The teacher exposes models on the magnetic board that characterize the main parts plants: root, stem, leaf, bud, flower. Children name these parts.
Guys, with what parts plant drinks? (root - watering, leaf - spraying) A breathes plant with what parts? (leaf, root)
Look, children
In our group on the window
In the green in the country
In painted pots
The flowers have grown.
What kind plants you know? Let's play. I will ask questions about plants and you answer.
Which plants biggest leaves? And the smallest ones? Which of our plant blooms in winter? Which plants the tip of the young leaf is wrapped like a snail? (At the fern) What is the name of plant, which smells not only flowers, but also leaves? (Geranium)(And other questions, subject to availability plants in a group according to program requirements)
Children call houseplants.
Well done boys! Do you like our plants? To the plants were beautiful people need to take care of them. How to care for indoor plants?
(Plants are being watered, sprayed, large leaves are wiped with a damp cloth, dust is brushed off the fluffy leaves with a brush, the earth is loosened in pots).
Children, today we will take care of indoor plants. Examine them carefully and tell me which plants need watering? What are their names?
The teacher explains how to determine what plant needs watering(you can touch it with your fingers - the earth is dry or wet).
What is the name of plants that need to be washed?
Which of them require spraying?
Which flowers need to loosen the ground in pots?
Physical culture pause "Flowers". Development of general motor skills, creative imagination.
The teacher invites the children to stand so as not to interfere with each other.
Squat down and imagine that you are little flowers. The flower to which I will approach and which "poly" from the watering can, will start « grow» - Slowly rise and pull your arms up.
The teacher approaches each of the children in turn. Children slowly rise and stretch their hands up.
The sun shines on the leaves. The leaves reach for the sun. Like this.
The teacher shows how to rotate the palms of the outstretched arms. Children repeat the movements.
Show what happens if you do not water the flowers in time. They will droop. Like this.
The teacher shows how to relax and drop your hands down.
Guys, before you start work, please put on aprons.
Pay attention to the inventory that we have prepared with the attendants. What do we have?
Children call (watering cans, sticks for loosening, oilcloths, rags, bowls of water, spray guns, brushes, scissors).
Now please choose plant that you will be caring for, transfer it to a separate table (large plants the teacher transfers, inspect it again carefully, take the necessary equipment and place it on your desk.
III. Labor by houseplant care.
Guys, because everyone plants require loosening the earth in pots, I suggest loosening the earth first. Tell me why you need to loosen the earth? (So that the water can pass well and that the roots can breathe)
How to loosen the earth in flower pots? Why chopsticks? (so as not to hurt the roots)
How to properly loosen? Show me Alena.
The child completes the task, the teacher holds the pot obliquely so that all children can see.
Alena is doing the right thing? That's right, closer to the stem it loosens shallowly, and further from the stem - a little deeper.
Children, loosen the earth and you are in your pots plants.
The teacher monitors the correctness and accuracy of the assignment.
Guys, how should I wash plants? (Large leaves are wiped with a damp cloth, plants with small leaves put in a basin, cover the ground with oilcloth so as not to wash it out and water it from a large watering can)
Guys, many plants love moisture, since their homeland is the humid jungle. Therefore, they must often be sprayed with water from a spray bottle, because we wash plants only once a week. But not all plants can be sprayed. Remember what plants can not be sprayed? (Plants, on the leaves of which there are villi)
Name these plants. (Violet, geranium) How to clean the dust from the leaves of these plants? (Gently brush off the dust with a brush)
Children, take a good look at your plants, choose the right way to clean the leaves from dust and get to work.
Children perform the task, the teacher monitors the correctness of its implementation, helps, tells the children the sequence of actions.
Guys, have you noticed any changes in the appearance of our plants? (Geranium has new leaves, balsam has buds)
Spring begins, it became much lighter, our plants grow faster. In order for them to grow and bloom better, they need to be fertilized, feed. There is a special fertilizer for this. (shows to children). It is sold in flower shops. Plants are fed once a week after watering solution fertilizer is better absorbed into the soil.
There are cups on my table. fertilizer solution: some cups are full, others solution half filled glass. If a plant large - you need to take a full glass if smaller plant, then you need a glass in which half is poured solution.
Think about which cup you need to take and pour fertilizer over yours. plant.
The teacher controls the activities of the children, helps them with advice, notes those who have successfully completed the task.
Well done boys. Now clean up your jobs, eh take the plants there where they stood at the beginning of the lesson. (The teacher helps the children)
IV. Summary of the lesson.
Children, what have we learned today? (feed the plants)
What are they for? feed(fertilize? (So that they grow and bloom better)
What kind of soil should fertilizer fall on - dry or wet? (On damp, wet soil, fertilize after watering)
How much fertilizer should be poured into a pot with plant? (Pour half a glass or a whole glass depending on the size plants)
today you fed the plants, and then this work will be performed by duty officers once a week. Now you all have to watch plants to see the changes in them after top dressing. At home, tell your moms what you learned today. Take care of at home plants as well like in kindergarten.